Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    1/23

    LABOR MIGRATION MANAGEMENT

    IN TIMES OF RECESSION

    Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    Steffen AngenendtBosch Fellow, Transatlantic Academy

    p a p e r s e r i e s

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    2/23

    2009 ransatlantic Academy. All rights reserved.

    No part o this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any orm or by any means without permission

    in writing rom the ransatlantic Academy. Please direct inquiries to:

    ransatlantic Academy

    1744 R Street, NW

    Washington, DC 20009

    1 202 745 3886

    F 1 202 265 1662

    E [email protected]

    Tis publication can be downloaded or ree at http://www.transatlanticacademy.org.

    Transatlantic Academy Paper Series

    Te ransatlantic Academy Paper Series presents research on a variety o transatlantic topics by sta, ellows, and

    partners o the ransatlantic Academy. Te views expressed here are those o the author and do not necessarily

    represent the view o the ransatlantic Academy. Comments rom readers are welcome; reply to the mailing ad-

    dress above or by e-mail to [email protected].

    About the Transatlantic Academy

    Founded by the German Marshall Fund o the United States (GMF), the ZEI-Stiung Ebelin und Gerd

    Bucerius, the Robert Bosch Stiung, and the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, the ransatlantic Academy

    serves as a orum or a select group o scholars rom both sides o the Atlantic and rom dierent academic and

    policy disciplines to examine a single set o issues. Working together rom a transatlantic and interdisciplinary

    perspective, Academy ellows use research, publications, and ideas to make policy-relevant contributions to

    policy debates acing the transatlantic community. In addition, the Academy has received early support rom

    the ransatlantic Program o the Government o the Federal Republic o Germany through unds o the Euro-

    pean Recovery Program (ERP) o the Federal Ministry o Economics and echnology. Te Compagnia di SanPaolo joined as a nancial partner in May 2009.

    Chosen rom the elds o public policy, business administration, economics, journalism, and NGOs/civil

    society, Bosch Public Policy Fellows are in residence at the ransatlantic Academy rom one to two months.

    During their ellowship, they interact with the Academys long-term ellows, conduct their own research, write a

    short paper or the Academy website, and make presentations to audiences o analysts and government ofcials

    in the Washington area.

    About Transatlantic Academy

    Brussels Forum is an annual high-level meeting o the most inuential American and European political, corpo-

    rate, and intellectual leaders to address pressing challenges currently acing both sides o the Atlantic. Partici-pants include heads o state, senior ofcials rom the European Union institutions and the member states, U.S.

    Cabinet ofcials, Congressional representatives, Parliamentarians, academics, and media. For more inormation,

    please visit www.brusselsorum.org.

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    3/23

    Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession

    Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    Transatlantic Academy Paper Series

    May 2009

    S A*

    Bh Fw, T A

    I

    Th I h C C L M 4

    R M P T 6Th C P D C M 7

    Ex wh C M Sh

    P Ch 1

    C F C M P 15

    R 1

    * S A h S Wh PkG I I S A (SWP) B Wh h G I h , h h h,, H h h xv G, E, Bj SWP 6, M A w h G C F A (DGAP) , h C Yearbook of International Politics H wk UNICEF, UNHCR, IOM, h G F Gv I C I R (Sh-K), h C A-E C- (CAEC), h Hh C M I(Zw) h G v M A h B h F Uv h H Uv H h PhD h F Uv B

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    4/23

    Transatlantic Academy2

    Th h k h

    z v Rv

    x ww

    , wh

    wh - A

    w-q

    w k

    h h w h h

    h,

    h v w Ev

    v -h

    h h w k (P Tzz

    ), x h h wk h

    , w

    h

    Nvh, h h

    w -

    F , z

    hv

    Ch w

    v h

    , z hv w h

    h v

    wh A h U N, 7,

    13 h z

    h ,

    44 h

    hh-k wk (UN DESA 8)

    Th, hh h h v

    wh, x h h

    w w h (Sv

    S ) I , hh

    k h h w h

    h h v

    v x h

    x w, whh

    whv k

    h - w

    Mh h

    h S

    5, h h v

    D h v, h

    vh h E P

    M I, v

    h E U O 8 C

    j

    E , h EU hv

    A h z

    v h

    w

    Nvh, w, h h

    , h h E

    U wh M jv, ,

    v,

    q hv w: Sh h

    h- , - -

    v D

    , v k

    h Sh , h

    Wh h v

    h

    Sh h (, ,

    v ) vv, h h

    w k

    A, h h v q:

    Wh h h v

    Sh h h

    k w-k wk, k hh-k wk

    Th h j h v

    v (hh

    v Sh-Nh w) I

    wh hw h

    Introduction1

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    5/23

    Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession:

    Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    3

    , , hw h j v hv j

    h h ;

    , v vvw h

    (E) ; h,

    v x wh

    h; h, z h

    h ;

    , w

    I hz h ,, Th

    h k v

    h w w-k, k,

    hh-k , h

    q v

    v h

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    6/23

    Transatlantic Academy4

    The repercussions

    of the current

    crisis are unclear,

    but historical

    experiences

    provide some

    insights.

    Th h wh h

    34 v

    GDP v h 3 (IMF ) Wh

    , k A L A, hv

    x w h ,

    h x h

    k wh Th

    wh ( v

    ) h h h

    h w

    , Nh A,

    h G S, E I h U S, x, h -

    h 18 (G 8),

    S h q 17 (OECD 8),

    h U K h h 1

    w 4 7

    (ONS ) D h wh

    h k x wh

    ,

    hw h w

    F h , x

    h

    h w O h v wh h x

    I , h z

    hv x w j : h

    - h 17,

    h A h 1 Th

    w h v

    w (Sw ; M ) Th

    h h

    E A w

    5- wk

    E, w w A D h

    , h w k wk

    h Sh Sh h E

    h h -W W II Wirtschaftswunder

    Nh W

    E O h h q

    wk w h

    h h

    v , A,

    w v h w

    z Ah w

    B h -

    w hh v A

    Sh E

    h w h E

    C M Tk Nh

    A, x, w h w hv

    , h v h

    h w H,

    v

    I , A

    h h 171 A h

    w Ahh

    h w h w

    , h v

    h O , J Sw () h , w h

    v (, ,

    , ) w hv

    w-k h

    v

    Th, h w,

    ,

    wk , h h v

    Gv hh x,

    h

    - h I , x h k

    w-k , h

    v v , w

    h x w -,

    h v w h

    (ILO ) I,

    The Impact of the Current Crisis on

    Labor Migration2

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    7/23

    Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession:

    Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    5

    Due to the

    global character

    of the crisis,

    many potential

    re-migrants will

    hesitate to return

    UK , w hv (UK H O )

    Phv

    B

    hh k h v wh hv w

    h k

    h w hv

    v Th v k h

    h

    h h

    w v v

    w h (C ; W

    Bk )

    Th, v h v

    j h v

    Nvh, v

    w hh

    w h h A

    h

    , v

    hv v k h j q

    I , h z

    h ( hk) w v

    w, h

    v h

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    8/23

    Transatlantic Academy6

    Many

    governments will

    try to substitute

    permanent

    through

    temporary flows.

    Recent Migration Policy Trends3B h , v h vw h

    v w (OECD 8) Nw

    hv, hh v

    w , h h ,

    q , w h wh

    I

    w z w

    E Nh A hw

    k h hw hh-

    k (Dk,

    Kwk, Thh )

    F hh-k , h z

    w h--

    h (k h h

    U K) w w

    h Wh k

    , h k w x (

    C, F, Nw h k

    ), h -v

    w x (A, Nw Z,

    C) S hh-

    k k w-k ,

    w h h

    (, S, I, G, P, K), wh

    h

    ( wk h, j, ) w

    (S, A, Nw Z) I ,

    h EU h

    k h w

    h EU , whh

    k w-k (Ch

    L )

    Nw, h , v

    h I , h

    wh v I x h v w v

    h v

    h , , q, h qv

    , w ,

    h j -v

    h

    wh (L )

    Nvh, v h w

    v k

    hh-k , k h

    h w

    v Fh, h

    h x

    h, w h

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    9/23

    Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession:

    Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    7

    The current

    debate is

    characterised

    by substantially

    different concept

    of circular

    migration.

    C w O h h

    A, A,

    L A (Vv 7; A

    Nw 7), h

    z w z

    wk I w

    h

    ,

    z h h I Oz

    M (IOM), h W Bk, h

    G C I M

    (GCIM) Th GCIM ,Migrationin an Interconnected World: New Directions for

    Action (GCIM 5), h

    h w

    , v

    ,

    Th E w

    O 6 G-Fh

    v h-I M W

    Sh G N Skz

    F (A 8) A

    wh h h x EU (G6), h G-Fh

    Iv Nw E M P

    Th, x

    w E, h

    hk h E

    Th h

    P I C (

    v O 8 h EU h

    E P I A)

    h , ,

    Th

    hhh wh w : h h

    , v , ,

    I h , h

    h k

    F h E , h w w B h

    v v E

    h E C S

    5 q v

    I h , h C

    h w w

    k h w

    w

    I h C vw, h v h k

    v h kw w

    , whh

    h v Fh,

    h h

    v h h

    S h ,

    h C h

    q

    , h h q M

    7

    Th E P h wh h

    h G-Fh

    v w, h C

    h j I h vw, h

    h h

    h ,

    h h h E U

    h

    Nvh, h h

    E k

    h v wh

    h Wh h C P

    w

    v, h J

    I M h (J

    H A C, JHA) w hz

    I h

    v, Sh Skz h

    The Current Political Debate on

    Circular Migration4

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    10/23

    Transatlantic Academy8

    Circular migration:

    A tool to improve

    labor migration

    management,

    promote

    development, or

    reduce irregular

    migration?

    w: W w k F h,

    h w

    h q

    Th q h

    h E v, h

    wh wh

    h A h , h

    k wh

    h E U w h

    x qk

    h ,

    q Nvh, h x h q v

    h C, whh w h h

    wh h h

    Th k h , h

    G-Fh v w

    hh

    B h , h

    w h

    Ahh h v , h w Th

    h w v

    h v

    ( h )

    h h

    S h h v, h

    w h JHA h

    E C Nvh, v

    h , wh w :

    F, h JHA h wh

    k w-v v h

    wk

    h 15 EU G

    F, x v h-

    k h A

    h , h h h h

    w v

    h h wk

    x v v h

    S, h h h

    v

    h

    wh whh h h

    I whh

    whh

    kw x

    , whh h

    h

    Th q v h v q v A, h

    h h E,

    h Th

    h h

    k h v

    x wh

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    11/23

    Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession:

    Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    9

    Many

    industrialized

    countries have

    substantial

    experience with

    low-skilled labor

    migration, but

    less experience

    with other circula

    migration types.

    Nw (8) h ww ,

    h h w Th

    , , wk, x,

    W A w Mx h U

    S h 1, w -

    v

    k h E U, h N ,

    w A Nw Z I , h

    w,

    (1) w-k wk, () -w-k wk, (3)

    Wh h , h

    h h wh whh

    v v hv h

    x w-k wk

    D , v (h U

    S, C, Nw Z) w -

    (G, h

    U K, S) hv hv

    h , h , , v

    G, x, h k w 3,

    35, wk h

    , h 173

    , whh Th

    h

    -x , v h hh v,

    wh hh G

    h U K ,

    w S

    S hv x z- w-k -k

    Th G S E A hv

    hh h

    (IOM 8), ,

    h hv h

    wk

    w, h h v

    I , h wk

    E hv

    h

    , v h x wh

    w Nvh,

    h ,

    wh h x, S

    h U Kh w

    - w-k -

    k

    A h

    h h :

    , , A

    v, z

    h , hv v wh

    h h

    hh-k wk I, Nw

    (8) , h v

    wh wh h , wh

    w

    ,

    h

    Th, v ,

    h h h w

    v Th v h hh-k

    w, h h h hw v v

    Experiences with Circular Migration

    Schemes5

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    12/23

    Transatlantic Academy10

    Gaining public

    support is

    extremely

    important for

    any circular

    migration policy.

    Gv h q , w h hh v (

    h) - x

    wh , v h

    h w

    h, wh (1)

    , () ,

    (3) h

    1. Public acceptance

    Ahv

    vwh

    , x

    v h v

    h

    I x,

    h, hv v

    Th,

    h w

    ,

    h

    k

    Ov,

    z S h hv h E U, wh h

    w wh h

    , , h

    x S E hv

    (hh -kw) h

    (, F, h U K,

    G, h Nh), wh h w

    hv

    (I,

    S, P) F h , h

    w EU E E h

    x h , wh

    B v

    h hv wh

    , h w

    h h v h w , h

    h -W W II (B 3)

    Policy Challenges6I W E, v v hv

    -wk

    h I h -

    h z

    h h v

    , h

    h h h

    wk h

    h h hv

    (B I ), h

    A v

    h v v w (HWWI

    )h

    Cq, E, h w

    hh-k I

    , -

    hv , h 1 I

    G, x, h R-G

    (SPD-G) v j

    h S Ch 1

    zh h S H, , h

    j I ,

    - h-w

    hv h h

    , , h 1 F (L P

    F N), I (U B L N)

    Dk (P Kj Dk Fk)

    Ev h w , h

    h h h

    I, h,

    hv

    I, E , h

    w h

    wh w w

    h v h

    , whh k E h

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    13/23

    Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession:

    Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    11

    Paradox: Societie

    remain hostile

    to immigration

    despite their

    increasing

    depency on

    inflows.

    w I E, hv

    k wh h h

    h z Wh

    x (F I), E

    , h Sh E

    E , w wh

    hk (A

    A ) Th

    ( : hk

    h v h v )hv

    w E ,

    j , x k ,

    ( h

    , x wk ,

    , -v

    ) Nvh, w,

    v v h

    h h

    Th xh h

    wh

    w v h

    h h v v h

    A

    w v v

    v h h, ,

    Wh hh-

    q , h h k

    w-k A , h

    hh-k , w w

    v h w-

    k , h v

    hh-k v h

    h

    T z h z

    , w z

    ,

    , O

    h (, , , hh,

    , NGO) h

    G S D/G v

    /1 I C M

    R k h

    Hwv, h x

    h hw h h

    w

    P w ,

    h h w

    h k

    k h hh v, h

    - w w w

    (A, K, O 3) Th,

    h

    k

    h h

    h v h

    2. Policy implementation and compliance

    A h

    : Hw

    , hw

    Wh , h

    vv h q

    S

    h ,

    wh k v (

    ), wh h h (

    j ), hw

    h ( h, v,

    ) A , h

    -

    U, h

    w h q A E

    , x, I,

    G B, Shv

    h ,

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    14/23

    Transatlantic Academy12

    Compliance seems

    to be higher if

    programs foresee

    subsequent

    back-and-forth

    movements.

    v h I , h C M E A

    (COMECON), h z

    , h G wk

    h h x wh

    Nvh, h

    h h ,

    h v

    A , h x wh h-

    wk E

    wh v h h wh h

    q h

    -- Th

    h ; E ,

    v, hv v

    h h w

    wh I

    , h -

    Mx h U S

    w wh h US v

    h 1 (Nw

    8) Ov, , h k k h h

    I w, h, v x

    h

    A h , w

    hw vw

    h H,

    hv v

    h x h

    A

    v w h

    x wh h hv v B h v

    h v

    , -- , h

    j w T

    ,

    w h v

    z h h h

    w

    q S h

    q wh

    whh h

    hh h

    vv h

    Ah q

    whh

    hh Th , h

    - w h q; , j

    I v h v wh w

    v

    h w hv h

    h h h ,

    wh wh h w

    k Th v

    h v

    Nh W A h M

    h E U Ah

    h wh k h

    h

    h z

    Bh , , h

    hh h v

    Th h

    w

    Hwv, h h v

    wk h h

    h h h h h x,

    v h h h v I

    D , h v

    w q

    h q

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    15/23

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    16/23

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    17/23

    Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession:

    Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    15

    Realistic,

    transparent, and

    clearly defined

    policy goals are

    indispensable.

    Wh w h h x wh

    B,

    v

    1. Generally, circular migration programs

    should be realistic and transparent

    L , ,

    w Th

    h M

    v w h

    , ,

    h

    h, ,

    h I , h

    v h h

    z w h h

    , whh w

    w h k, xv

    , q wk

    v hh h

    h v v,

    v h, v

    I , h

    h w hv h w

    Th w

    w w h v h

    x, wh k

    h

    h h w B h

    h

    T h , v z

    hk , v hv

    h v

    w, h

    h

    v,

    x h v h

    Wh , k h

    h w h ,

    h Th,

    v

    hw wh

    h Gv h v

    z w hz

    wh h

    h h h

    N h w

    h I , , , h

    w sine qua non hv

    k hv

    G, h

    z Th EU x

    v EU z v

    2. A circular migration policy should contain

    clear policy goals

    Ov,

    v k h

    h v First,

    k v,

    k h v

    wh x wh

    v k Second, h h

    w v h

    (hh h

    v h h ),

    h , whh j v

    I , x h h

    wh h h

    w

    h, h v

    Third,

    Conclusions for Future Circular

    Migration Policies7

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    18/23

    Transatlantic Academy16

    Circular migration

    programs should

    be tailored to

    skill levels.

    ( ) w

    v , h

    h

    h v h

    v h v

    v h vv

    C, h v

    B h

    h wk h

    k E h ( x,

    ,

    ) h

    h h v

    3. Circular migration programs must be

    tailored to skill levels

    Ov, h -z--

    h w

    C w

    v v, h

    h v Th,

    h j h

    k v,

    Asfarasunskilled and low-skilled migrants

    ,

    k w

    Th,

    h h

    k h hv h

    , h h h

    Th h

    xv -v A h

    z

    h

    h h

    wk Eh v

    h h,

    , h-, wh

    w

    h

    Fh,

    , , h wh

    h, h

    h v

    hw ( v

    ) Th, k

    w-k h j

    , ,

    Incontrast,receivingcountriesshouldabstain

    v- h highly-

    skilled migrants Gv h w

    h ,

    h h

    - Th h

    -v, h

    h j

    Gv wh

    h hh k

    , , x

    S h

    v h

    k, h h

    h k, v

    h h h

    Rv h

    , , h

    A , v

    h h h

    , wh vh h

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    19/23

    Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession:

    Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    17

    Circular migratio

    programs are

    not a cheap

    way out of labor

    shortages; they

    require substant

    governance.

    Sh v ( )

    v z

    O

    h wh, h hh-

    k ,

    h

    Afarmorechallengingissueisthatofcircular

    skilled migrants Ahh

    z

    h

    w, w w

    Th v

    x k

    v h

    h wk O h h,

    hv v

    h hv

    h wh w

    O h h h,

    v, k h

    k v h

    h k, h v wh v

    h

    v

    Nvh, h x h

    k w h hv

    hv h v h ,

    h h

    v, h hv q

    h Th,

    k h

    z v h j whh h vq h

    v , h

    h, xv

    k h,

    v wh

    L , k h h w hh

    h ,

    k

    h v h

    ()

    h I , h

    z

    h h h (E)

    wk h v,

    h h

    ,

    O , h w h h h

    h , v

    A x v-v

    xv

    , h v h v

    x h q

    h G, v h

    z

    h

    I , v

    h h

    4. Finally, circular migration schemes require

    substantial governance efforts

    Th h w

    h E k ,

    h w h

    j B h

    h k ,

    , whh

    vw Th h

    h v h h v

    wh h hh k

    w-k k

    I h v ( k

    , x, ) h h

    w h v k h

    h

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    20/23

    Transatlantic Academy18

    I , , h

    , v, ,

    k

    I h , hh k

    h h w

    hv , v

    , :

    v k

    h h

    w-k k ;

    k v z h

    v h - v h

    w

    z ;

    wh

    h

  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    21/23

    Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession:

    Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    19

    A, Dv Rv, Kh Nw(7) C M Dv:

    T, P R, W Fw,

    M P I P B, A

    7

    A, S (8) C M A

    S C M P SWP

    C 7/C 11, J

    A, S, Ik K, H O

    (3) Th F I R

    G German Politics, N 3, 1-145

    A, S Rk Pk (8)

    S L M h EU

    Pv, SWP C 8/C 1, M

    A, Wk S A ()

    Demographie und MigrationEinfluss auf

    die Sicherheit, in: Bundesakademie fuer

    Sicherheitspolitik (), Shhk

    D (h)

    Ch, Jh G L ()

    Managing Highly-Skilled Labour Migration: AComparative Analysis of Migration Policies and

    Challenges in OECD Countries OECD P,

    Mh 18,

    Dk, J R Kwk, Dh

    Thh () The Battle for the

    Brains: Do Point Systems Make the Difference?

    Wh, DC: Th G Mh F

    h U S, Mh

    Ek, W (167) C M h

    Gwh Tw E A International

    Labour Review, 6 (6), 581-5

    E C (7) I P

    C M B, J 6, 7

    GCIM (5) M IW: Nw D A G

    C I M

    G, Ezh M (8) D I

    M h F-B P

    h US C B P

    M P I, Wh, DC,

    O 16, 8

    Hh Lv G (4) F h Ch:

    Th L S Gwh

    E R h Hh Lv

    G h W Kk, B

    I L Oz, ILO

    () The Financial and Economic Crisis: A

    Decent Work Response. I L

    Oz, Gv

    I L Oz, ILO ()

    Migration and the Financial Crisis: How Will

    the Economic Downturn Affect Migrants.

    Gv: I L Oz,

    Dv Rh C M,

    G Pv, B N 17,F

    I Oz M, IOM

    (5) International Migration Management

    through Inter-State Consultation Mechanisms.

    Gv: I Oz

    M, 5

    I Oz M, IOM

    (8) World Migration 2008: Managing

    Migration in the Evolving Global Economy.

    Gv: I Oz

    M, 8

    IMF () World Economic Outlook Database.

    Wh, DC: I M F

    Rv : h://www/x//

    x=

    References8

    http://www/imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=29http://www/imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=29http://www/imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=29http://www/imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=29http://www/imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=29http://www/imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=29http://www/imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=29
  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    22/23

    Transatlantic Academy20

    L, G () Recent Developments,the Crisis and Beyond. Wh, DC:

    I L M, P

    OECD, Mh 1, 8

    M, Ph () The Recession and Migration:

    Alternative Scenarios Ox: I

    M I, WP 13-

    Nw, Kh, Dv Rv A,

    A Tz (8) L D:

    Ex C MMPI-Insight,

    S 8

    O E C-

    Dv, OECD (8) International

    Migration Outlook 2008. P: O

    E C- Dv, 8

    O E C-

    Dv, OECD () Economic

    Outlook Interim Report. P: O

    E C- Dv,

    Mh

    O N S, ONS () UKR P C Bh O

    N S: Population Trends, N

    135, S

    P, D G A Tz

    () Immigrants and the Current Economic

    Crisis: Research Evidence, Policy Challenges, and

    Implications. Wh, DC: M P

    I, J

    Sv, W M S ()Immigration and the Labour Market: Theory,

    Evidence and Policy. L: M P

    I Eq H Rh

    C, Mh

    Sh C () M h

    G F C: A V S

    U 1, F Rv : h://

    www--///

    /1

    Sw, J () M h F

    C: Hw w h E Dw

    A M Sx C M

    Rh B, N 17, F

    UK B A ()Accession Monitoring

    Report, May 2004December 2008, L

    Vv, Sv (7) C M: h

    w w Uv

    Ox IMI Wk P, N 4

    UN DESA (8) World Population Policies 2007.

    Nw Yk: UN D E S A, 8

    W Bk (6) Global Economic Prospects

    2006: Economic Implications of Remittances and

    Migration. Wh, DC: W Bk, 6

    W Bk () Global Economic Prospects

    2009 F U, DEC P G,

    Mh 3,

    http://www.age-of-migration.com/ns/financialcrisis/updates/1a.pdfhttp://www.age-of-migration.com/ns/financialcrisis/updates/1a.pdfhttp://www.age-of-migration.com/ns/financialcrisis/updates/1a.pdfhttp://www.age-of-migration.com/ns/financialcrisis/updates/1a.pdfhttp://www.age-of-migration.com/ns/financialcrisis/updates/1a.pdfhttp://www.age-of-migration.com/ns/financialcrisis/updates/1a.pdf
  • 8/8/2019 Labor Migration Management in Times of Recession: Is Circular Migration a Solution?

    23/23

    1744 R STReeT, NW

    WAShiNgToN, DC 20009

    T: 1 202 745 3886

    F: 1 202 265 1662

    e: [email protected]

    WWW.TRANSATlANTiCACADemy.oRg