L2 Class- Management of MSW

8/18/2019 L2 Class- Management of MSW

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EEM 607A

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Management2015-16 II

L2 - Topic 1: Management of MSW

Instructor: Anubha Goel

[email protected], x7027

Lecture: T 10:30 - 12:00; Th 12:00 - 13:30; WL

237 LAB : null

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Municipal Solid Waste(Domestic, Commercial)

Industrial, AgriculturalMining Solid Waste

Solid Waste

Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste

Revision: Types of Solid Waste

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Life Cycle of Solid Waste

• Generation

• Collection

• Transport

• Treatment

• Disposal

“We do not consume materials; we merely use

them and ultimately return them to the

environment, often in an altered state.” 4

Revision


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SWM Fundamentals:

Handling: Non-hazardous solid waste must be

kept separate from hazardous solid waste.

Mixing of hazardous and non-hazardous

solid waste will result in the entire waste being

categorized as hazardous.

Management: must be managed as per the

relevant rules which are applicable

•Non hazardous - Solid Waste ManagementRules

•Hazardous -Hazardous Waste Management

Rules. These rules are generally more

stringent than solid waste management rules. 5


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Examples of earliest known SWM

Programs

• India:

• Indus valley: city of Mahenjodaro had houses

with rubbish chutes

• Harappa – houses with toilets and drains

• China: By 200 BC, cities with “sanitary police”

whose job it was to enforce waste disposal laws.

• Rome: in 14 AD: waste collection program

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L2 ContentTopic 1 Management of MSW

• Characterization of components

• Factors affecting nature and amount of SW

generated

• Variation in % composition based on – location annual generation rate across

different countries, geographical locations

– SWM in low / high income countries• A. MSW Generation and Collection

– Calculation of amount generated in an area

– Collection Systems7


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Characterization of

MSW

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Characterization of MSW:

MSW (Commercial + Domestic) is heterogeneous in nature.

MSW can further be sub-divided into the following categories:

• Standard MSW: Residential and commercial wastes excluding special

items, hazardous wastes and some others - (~65 percent by weight)

• Bulky items (Furniture, mattress, consumer electronics, white

goods, yard waste collected separately, and tires)

(~ 5 percent by weight)

• Hazardous wastes (Oil-based paint, solvents, pesticides, cleaners,

acids/bases, petroleum products, oils, batteries)

(~0.1 percent by weight)

• Construct ion and demolition wastes (~14 percent by weight):

•Municipal services waste (street sweeping, tree and landscaping, etc.)

(~10 percent by weight)

• Water/wastewater treatment plant sludge (~6 percent by weight)9


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Components of Standard MSW:

Organic:• Food wastes

• Paper

• Cardboard

• Plastics

• Textiles• Rubber

• Leather

• Wood

• Yard waste

Inorganic:

• Glass

• Tin cans

• Aluminum

• Other metals

• Dirt, ash etc.

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Low Income Medium Income High Income

OrganicFood Wastes 40-85 20-65 6-30

Paper

1-10 8-30

20-45

Cardboard 5-15

Plastics 1-5 2-6 2-8

Textiles 1-5 2-10 2-6

Rubber

1-5 1-4

0-2

Leather 0-2

Yard wastes

1-5 1-10

10-20

Wood 1-4

Inorganic

Glass 1-10 1-10 4-12

Tin cans

1-5 1-5

2-8

Aluminum 0-1

Other metal 1-4

Dirt, Ash etc. 1-40 1-30 0-10

Typical Distribut ion of Standard MSW Components :

(Excluding waste which is recycled: by percent weight)

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Specific Weight of MSW Components:

Sp. Wt.

(kg/m3)

Moisture

Content

(% weight)

Sp. Wt.

(kg/m3)

Moisture

Content

(% weight)

Organic Inorganic

Food Wastes 291 70 Glass 196 2

Paper 89 6 Tin cans 89 3

Cardboard 50 5 Aluminum 160 2

Plastics 65 2 Other Metals 320 3

Textiles 65 10 Dirt and Ash 481 8

Rubber 131 2 Others

Leather 160 10 Appliances 181 1

Yard wastes 101 60 Demolition 1421 4

Wood 237 20 Sludge 1000 80

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Some Basic Facts about MSW Generation:

• MSW mass balance• generated = produced – recycled

• Characteristics of MSW differs between

developing and developed countries.• Developing: Larger % of food waste, ash, dirt

• Developed: Larger % of paper, plastic etc.

• Due to low MSW production and efficient MSW

recycling in households / informal sector ,

MSW generation is low in developing countries.

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Some Basic Facts about MSW Generation: contd.

• With prosperity, MSW production increases andMSW recycling in informal sector / households

decreases, resulting in rapid increase in MSW

generation.

• With continued prosperity, and better

awareness, the increase in MSW production is

arrested, and formal recycling programs

become important, resulting in stabilization and

even decrease in MSW generation.

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Producer

Recycling

Recycling by

Rag-Pickers

Storage by Producers

Collection Stations

Separation by Producers

Producer Composting

Producer Incineration

MSW Production

Sold toInformal Recyclers

Municipal Collection

Storage in Community Bins

Recycling by

Rag-Pickers

I nf or m al R e c y c l i n g

Animal Feed

Eaten by Animals

Eaten by Animals

MSW Management in

Low-Income Countries

Dumped in Low-Lying Land Recycling by

Rag-Pickers

Transfer

Uncontrolled

Incineration

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Storage by Producers

Collection Stations

Separation by Producers

Garbage Disposal

(Food Waste)

MSW Production


of Recyclables1. Paper

2. Plastic

3. Glass

4. Aluminum

5. Other Metals

6. Electronic Waste

7. Appliances

(see next page)


Continued in Next Slide

Hazardous Waste Disposal

MSW Management In

High Income Countries

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Incineration

MSW

Landfill

Composting

Storage in

Transfer Stations

Processing in

Transfer Stations

From Previous Slide

Transfer


of Recyclables

Recyclables

F or m al R e c y c l i n gI n d u s t r y

InorganicOrganic

Non-Biodegradable

Organic

Biodegradable

Ash

Disposal Options

Biogas Production

Sludge

from previous page

Filling Low-

Lying Land

Treatment Plant

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Importance of solid waste

management in minds ofstudents in India

Importance of…..

SW Issues = Water issues

Source: Gobar Times,

Down to Earth, Feb 1 -15 2012

Govt. efforts in increasing

awareness

• Social messages on radio/

television

• Involvement of celebrities

• Encouragement to innovative

techniques• Upgrading existing facilities

• Ban on use of plastic bags

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TOPIC 1. A.

MSW GENERATION AND

COLLECTION


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How to calculate the amount

and volume of MSW

generated for a certain area ?


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Calculation of MSW Weight and Volume

Generated in a Certain Area

Information Required:

• Population of the Area (based on Municipal Records)

• Per capita MSW generation (by weight):

May be determined through direct measurements in the area, or a

value may be taken from published reports (~ 0.5 – 1.0 kg/capita/d

in low income countries)

• Determination of MSW characteristics: Various components, e.g.,

Standard MSW, Bulky items, Hazardous Waste, Construction and

Demolition Waste, Waste from Municipal Services and Treatment

Plant Sludge.

May be determined through direct measurements in the

area, or values may be taken from published reports

(percent weight basis, as discussed earlier)

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Information Required (Continued):

• Determination of Standard MSW characteristics

May be determined through direct measurements in the

area, or values may be taken from published reports

(percent weight basis, as discussed earlier)

• Total weight of MSW is determined as below,

Total MSW (weight basis) =(Per capita MSW Generation) X (Population of the Area)

• Weight of the Individual MSW Components are determined as

below,Weight of a Component =

(Total MSW) X (Percent Weight of that Component)

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Home Assignment 1

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E ample Problem:


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Example Problem:

Given that the population of a certain area in a municipality is 10,500.

Per-capita MSW generation in this area was determined to be 0.73 kg per

capita per day. The percentages of various components of MSW in this

area (by weight) are as follows:

Standard MSW ~ 70 percent

Bulky Items ~ 5 percent

Hazardous Waste: ~ 0.25 percent

Construction Waste: ~ 12 percent

Municipal Services Waste: ~ 8 percentTreatment Plant Sludge: ~ remaining amount

The percentages of various components of standard MSW are as follows:

Food Waste: ~ 45 percent

Paper and Cardboard: ~ 8 percent

Plastic: ~ 2 percent

Textile: ~ 2 percent

Rubber and Leather: ~ 3 percent

Wood and Yard Waste: ~ 3 percent

Glass: ~ 5 percent

Metals: ~ 5 percent

Dirt and Ash: ~ remaining amount 29


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• For the MSW generated in the area, Calculate on per day basis

1. total weight of MSW solid waste generated

2. weight of each MSW component generated

3. total volume of MSW generated, and the volume of each MSW

component, on a m3

/day basis given the following information:(Make appropriate assumptions, as required)

Sp. Wt.

(kg/m3)

Moisture

Content

(% weight)

Sp. Wt.

(kg/m3)

Moisture

Content

(% weight)

Organic Inorganic

Food Wastes 291 70 Glass 196 2

Paper 89 6 Tin cans 89 3

Cardboard 50 5 Aluminum 160 2

Plastics 65 2 Other Metals 320 3

Textiles 65 10 Dirt and Ash 481 8

Rubber 131 2 Others

Leather 160 10 Appliances 181 1

Yard wastes 101 60 Demolition 1421 4

Wood 237 20 Sludge 1000 80

Given Specific Volumes of MSW Components:


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Given Collection Frequency of MSW is as below:

Standard MSW: dailyBulky items: weekly

Hazardous waste: monthly

Construction and Demolition: weekly

Municipal services: daily

Treatment Plant sludge: weekly

Calculate the weight and volume of various MSW components to be

collected on a daily/weekly/monthly basis, as appropriate.

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L2 Class- Management of MSW