KUKA System Software

KUKA System Software 8.3

Operating and Programming Instructions for End Users

KUKA Roboter GmbH

Issued: 22.01.2013

Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

KUKA System Software 8.3

2 / 237 Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

Copyright 2013

KUKA Roboter GmbHZugspitzstrae 140D-86165 AugsburgGermany

This documentation or excerpts therefrom may not be reproduced or disclosed to third parties without the express permission of KUKA Roboter GmbH.

Other functions not described in this documentation may be operable in the controller. The user has no claims to these functions, however, in the case of a replacement or service work.

We have checked the content of this documentation for conformity with the hardware and software described. Nevertheless, discrepancies cannot be precluded, for which reason we are not able to guarantee total conformity. The information in this documentation is checked on a regular basis, how-ever, and necessary corrections will be incorporated in the subsequent edition.

Subject to technical alterations without an effect on the function.

Translation of the original documentation

KIM-PS5-DOC

Publication: Pub KSS 8.3 END (PDF) enBookstructure: KSS 8.3 END V1.1Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

Contents1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 11

1.1 Target group .............................................................................................................. 111.2 Industrial robot documentation ................................................................................... 111.3 Representation of warnings and notes ...................................................................... 111.4 Trademarks ................................................................................................................ 12

2 Product description ..................................................................................... 13

2.1 Overview of the industrial robot ................................................................................. 132.2 Overview of KUKA System Software (KSS) .............................................................. 132.3 System requirements ................................................................................................. 142.4 Intended use of the KUKA System Software ............................................................. 142.5 KUKA USB sticks ....................................................................................................... 14

3 Safety ............................................................................................................ 17

3.1 General ...................................................................................................................... 173.1.1 Liability .................................................................................................................. 173.1.2 Intended use of the industrial robot ...................................................................... 173.1.3 EC declaration of conformity and declaration of incorporation ............................. 183.1.4 Terms used ........................................................................................................... 183.2 Personnel ................................................................................................................... 203.3 Workspace, safety zone and danger zone ................................................................. 223.4 Triggers for stop reactions ......................................................................................... 223.5 Safety functions ......................................................................................................... 233.5.1 Overview of the safety functions ........................................................................... 233.5.2 Safety controller .................................................................................................... 243.5.3 Mode selection ...................................................................................................... 243.5.4 Operator safety ..................................................................................................... 253.5.5 EMERGENCY STOP device ................................................................................ 253.5.6 Logging off from the higher-level safety controller ................................................ 263.5.7 External EMERGENCY STOP device .................................................................. 263.5.8 Enabling device .................................................................................................... 273.5.9 External enabling device ....................................................................................... 273.5.10 External safe operational stop .............................................................................. 273.5.11 External safety stop 1 and external safety stop 2 ................................................. 273.5.12 Velocity monitoring in T1 and CRR ....................................................................... 283.6 Additional protective equipment ................................................................................. 283.6.1 Jog mode .............................................................................................................. 283.6.2 Software limit switches ......................................................................................... 283.6.3 Mechanical end stops ........................................................................................... 283.6.4 Mechanical axis range limitation (optional) ........................................................... 283.6.5 Axis range monitoring (optional) ........................................................................... 293.6.6 Devices for moving the manipulator without the robot controller (options) ........... 293.6.7 Labeling on the industrial robot ............................................................................. 303.6.8 External safeguards .............................................................................................. 313.7 Overview of operating modes and safety functions ................................................... 313.8 Safety measures ........................................................................................................ 32

Contents3 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

3.8.1 General safety measures ...................................................................................... 32

4 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.33.8.2 Transportation ...................................................................................................... 333.8.3 Start-up and recommissioning .............................................................................. 333.8.3.1 Checking machine data and safety-relevant control configuration ....................... 343.8.3.2 Start-up mode ....................................................................................................... 353.8.4 Manual mode ........................................................................................................ 363.8.5 Simulation ............................................................................................................. 373.8.6 Automatic mode ................................................................................................... 373.8.7 Maintenance and repair ........................................................................................ 373.8.8 Decommissioning, storage and disposal .............................................................. 393.8.9 Safety measures for single point of control ........................................................ 393.9 Applied norms and regulations .................................................................................. 40

4 Operation ...................................................................................................... 43

4.1 KUKA smartPAD teach pendant ................................................................................ 434.1.1 Front view ............................................................................................................. 434.1.2 Rear view ............................................................................................................. 454.1.3 Disconnecting and connecting the smartPAD ...................................................... 464.2 KUKA smartHMI user interface ................................................................................. 474.2.1 Status bar ............................................................................................................. 484.2.2 Submit interpreter status indicator ..................................................................... 494.2.3 Keypad ................................................................................................................. 504.3 Switching on the robot controller and starting the KSS ............................................. 504.4 Calling the main menu ............................................................................................... 504.5 Exiting or restarting KSS ........................................................................................... 514.6 Switching the robot controller off ............................................................................... 544.7 Setting the user interface language ........................................................................... 544.8 Online documentation and online help ...................................................................... 554.8.1 Calling online documentation ............................................................................... 554.8.2 Calling online help ................................................................................................ 554.9 Changing user group ................................................................................................. 584.10 Changing operating mode ......................................................................................... 594.11 Coordinate systems ................................................................................................... 604.12 Jogging the robot ....................................................................................................... 614.12.1 Jog options window ............................................................................................ 624.12.1.1 General tab ........................................................................................................ 634.12.1.2 Keys tab ............................................................................................................. 634.12.1.3 Mouse tab .......................................................................................................... 644.12.1.4 KCP pos. tab ...................................................................................................... 654.12.1.5 Cur. tool/base tab ............................................................................................... 654.12.2 Activating the jog mode ........................................................................................ 664.12.3 Setting the jog override (HOV) ............................................................................. 664.12.4 Selecting the tool and base .................................................................................. 664.12.5 Axis-specific jogging with the jog keys ................................................................. 674.12.6 Cartesian jogging with the jog keys ...................................................................... 674.12.7 Configuring the Space Mouse .............................................................................. 674.12.8 Defining the alignment of the Space Mouse ......................................................... 694.12.9 Cartesian jogging with the Space Mouse ............................................................. 704.12.10 Incremental jogging .............................................................................................. 714.13 Jogging external axes ................................................................................................ 72Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

Contents4.14 Bypassing workspace monitoring .............................................................................. 724.15 Monitor functions ........................................................................................................ 734.15.1 Measuring and displaying energy consumption .................................................... 734.15.2 Displaying the actual position ............................................................................... 754.15.3 Displaying digital inputs/outputs ........................................................................... 754.15.4 Displaying analog inputs/outputs .......................................................................... 774.15.5 Displaying inputs/outputs for Automatic External ................................................. 774.15.6 Displaying cyclical flags ........................................................................................ 784.15.7 Displaying flags ..................................................................................................... 794.15.8 Displaying counters .............................................................................................. 804.15.9 Displaying timers .................................................................................................. 814.15.10 Displaying calibration data .................................................................................... 824.15.11 Displaying information about the robot and robot controller ................................. 834.15.12 Displaying/editing robot data ................................................................................ 83

5 Start-up and recommissioning ................................................................... 85

5.1 Start-up wizard ........................................................................................................... 855.2 Checking the machine data ....................................................................................... 855.3 Jogging the robot without a higher-level safety controller .......................................... 865.4 Checking the activation of the positionally accurate robot model .............................. 875.5 Mastering ................................................................................................................... 875.5.1 Mastering methods ............................................................................................... 885.5.2 Moving axes to the pre-mastering position ........................................................... 895.5.3 Mastering with the EMD ........................................................................................ 905.5.3.1 First mastering (with EMD) ................................................................................... 915.5.3.2 Teach offset (with EMD) ....................................................................................... 935.5.3.3 Check load mastering with offset (with EMD) ....................................................... 945.5.4 Mastering with the dial gauge ............................................................................... 955.5.5 Mastering external axes ........................................................................................ 975.5.6 Reference mastering ............................................................................................ 975.5.7 Mastering with the MEMD and mark ..................................................................... 985.5.7.1 First mastering (with MEMD) ................................................................................ 995.5.7.2 Teach offset (with MEMD) .................................................................................... 1025.5.7.3 Check load mastering with offset (with MEMD) .................................................... 1035.5.8 Manually unmastering axes .................................................................................. 1055.6 Modifying software limit switches ............................................................................... 1055.7 Calibration .................................................................................................................. 1075.7.1 Tool calibration ..................................................................................................... 1075.7.1.1 TCP calibration: XYZ 4-point method ................................................................... 1095.7.1.2 TCP calibration: XYZ Reference method .............................................................. 1115.7.1.3 Defining the orientation: ABC World method ........................................................ 1125.7.1.4 Defining the orientation: ABC 2-point method ...................................................... 1125.7.1.5 Numeric input ........................................................................................................ 1145.7.2 Base calibration .................................................................................................... 1145.7.2.1 3-point method ...................................................................................................... 1155.7.2.2 Indirect method ..................................................................................................... 1165.7.2.3 Indirect method ..................................................................................................... 1175.7.3 Fixed tool calibration ............................................................................................. 1185.7.3.1 Calibrating an external TCP .................................................................................. 1185.7.3.2 Entering the external TCP numerically ................................................................. 1205 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

6 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.35.7.3.3 Workpiece calibration: direct method ................................................................... 1205.7.3.4 Workpiece calibration: indirect method ................................................................. 1215.7.4 Renaming the tool/base ....................................................................................... 1225.7.5 Linear unit ............................................................................................................. 1235.7.5.1 Checking whether the linear unit needs to be calibrated ...................................... 1235.7.5.2 Calibrating the linear unit ...................................................................................... 1245.7.5.3 Entering the linear unit numerically ...................................................................... 1255.7.6 Calibrating an external kinematic system ............................................................. 1265.7.6.1 Calibrating the root point ...................................................................................... 1265.7.6.2 Entering the root point numerically ....................................................................... 1275.7.6.3 Workpiece base calibration .................................................................................. 1285.7.6.4 Entering the workpiece base numerically ............................................................. 1305.7.6.5 Calibrating an external tool ................................................................................... 1305.7.6.6 Entering the external tool numerically .................................................................. 1315.8 Load data ................................................................................................................... 1325.8.1 Checking loads with KUKA.Load .......................................................................... 1325.8.2 Calculating payloads with KUKA.LoadDataDetermination ................................... 1325.8.3 Entering payload data .......................................................................................... 1325.8.4 Entering supplementary load data ........................................................................ 1335.8.5 Online load data check ......................................................................................... 1335.9 Exporting/importing long texts ................................................................................... 1345.10 Maintenance handbook ............................................................................................. 1365.10.1 Logging maintenance ........................................................................................... 1365.10.2 Displaying a maintenance log ............................................................................... 137

6 Program management ................................................................................. 139

6.1 Navigator file manager .............................................................................................. 1396.1.1 Selecting filters ..................................................................................................... 1406.1.2 Creating a new folder ........................................................................................... 1406.1.3 Creating a new program ....................................................................................... 1416.1.4 Renaming a file .................................................................................................... 1416.2 Selecting or opening a program ................................................................................ 1416.2.1 Selecting and deselecting a program ................................................................... 1426.2.2 Opening a program .............................................................................................. 1436.2.3 Toggling between the Navigator and the program ............................................... 1436.3 Structure of a KRL program ....................................................................................... 1446.3.1 HOME position ..................................................................................................... 1456.4 Displaying/hiding program sections ........................................................................... 1456.4.1 Displaying/hiding the DEF line .............................................................................. 1456.4.2 Activating detail view ............................................................................................ 1456.4.3 Activating/deactivating the line break function ...................................................... 1466.5 Starting a program ..................................................................................................... 1466.5.1 Selecting the program run mode .......................................................................... 1466.5.2 Program run modes .............................................................................................. 1466.5.3 Advance run ......................................................................................................... 1476.5.4 Setting the program override (POV) ..................................................................... 1476.5.5 Switching drives on/off .......................................................................................... 1476.5.6 Robot interpreter status indicator ......................................................................... 1486.5.7 Starting a program forwards (manual) .................................................................. 148Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

Contents6.5.8 Starting a program forwards (automatic) .............................................................. 1486.5.9 Carrying out a block selection ............................................................................... 1496.5.10 Starting a program backwards .............................................................................. 1496.5.11 Resetting a program ............................................................................................. 1506.5.12 Starting Automatic External mode ........................................................................ 1506.6 Editing a program ....................................................................................................... 1506.6.1 Inserting a comment or stamp .............................................................................. 1526.6.2 Deleting program lines .......................................................................................... 1526.6.3 Additional editing functions ................................................................................... 1536.7 Printing a program ..................................................................................................... 1536.8 Archiving and restoring data ...................................................................................... 1536.8.1 Archiving overview ................................................................................................ 1536.8.2 Archiving to a USB stick ....................................................................................... 1556.8.3 Archiving on the network ...................................................................................... 1556.8.4 Archiving the logbook ........................................................................................... 1566.8.5 Restoring data ...................................................................................................... 1566.8.6 Automatically compressing data for error analysis at KUKA ................................ 156

7 Basic principles of motion programming ................................................. 159

7.1 Overview of motion types ........................................................................................... 1597.2 Motion type PTP ........................................................................................................ 1597.3 Motion type LIN .......................................................................................................... 1607.4 Motion type CIRC ....................................................................................................... 1607.5 Approximate positioning ............................................................................................. 1617.6 Orientation control LIN, CIRC .................................................................................... 1627.7 Motion type Spline ................................................................................................... 1637.7.1 Velocity profile for spline motions ......................................................................... 1657.7.2 Block selection with spline motions ...................................................................... 1667.7.3 Modifications to spline blocks ............................................................................... 1677.7.4 Approximation of spline motions ........................................................................... 1707.7.5 Replacing an approximated CP motion with a spline block .................................. 1707.7.5.1 SLIN-SPL-SLIN transition ..................................................................................... 1737.8 Orientation control for CP spline motions .................................................................. 1747.8.1 Combinations of Orientation control and Circle orientation control .................. 1767.9 Singularities ............................................................................................................... 177

8 Programming for user group User (inline forms) ................................. 179

8.1 Names in inline forms ................................................................................................ 1798.2 Programming PTP, LIN and CIRC motions ............................................................... 1798.2.1 Programming a PTP motion ................................................................................. 1798.2.2 Inline form PTP ................................................................................................... 1808.2.3 Programming a LIN motion ................................................................................... 1808.2.4 Inline form LIN .................................................................................................... 1818.2.5 Programming a CIRC motion ................................................................................ 1818.2.6 Inline form CIRC ................................................................................................. 1828.2.7 Option window Frames ...................................................................................... 1828.2.8 Option window Motion parameters (LIN, CIRC, PTP) ...................................... 1838.3 Programming spline motions ..................................................................................... 1848.3.1 Programming tips for spline motions .................................................................... 1847 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

8 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.38.3.2 Programming a spline block ................................................................................. 1858.3.2.1 Inline form for CP spline block .............................................................................. 1868.3.2.2 Inline form PTP SPLINE block .......................................................................... 1878.3.2.3 Option window Frames (CP and PTP spline block) ........................................... 1878.3.2.4 Option window Motion parameters (CP spline block) ...................................... 1888.3.2.5 Option window Motion parameters (PTP spline block) .................................... 1898.3.3 Programming segments for a spline block ........................................................... 1898.3.3.1 Programming an SPL or SLIN segment ............................................................... 1898.3.3.2 Programming an SCIRC segment ........................................................................ 1908.3.3.3 Inline form for CP spline segment ........................................................................ 1908.3.3.4 Programming an SPTP segment .......................................................................... 1918.3.3.5 Inline form for SPTP segment .............................................................................. 1928.3.3.6 Option window Frames (CP and PTP spline segments) ................................... 1938.3.3.7 Option window Motion parameters (CP spline segment) ................................. 1938.3.3.8 Option window Motion parameters (SPTP) ...................................................... 1948.3.3.9 Option window Logic parameters ..................................................................... 1958.3.3.10 Teaching the shift in space for logic parameters .................................................. 1988.3.4 Programming individual spline motions ................................................................ 1998.3.4.1 Programming an individual SLIN motion .............................................................. 1998.3.4.2 Inline form SLIN ................................................................................................. 1998.3.4.3 Option window Motion parameters (SLIN) ....................................................... 2008.3.4.4 Programming an individual SCIRC motion ........................................................... 2018.3.4.5 Inline form SCIRC .............................................................................................. 2018.3.4.6 Option window Motion parameters (SCIRC) .................................................... 2038.3.4.7 Programming an individual SPTP motion ............................................................. 2048.3.4.8 Inline form SPTP ................................................................................................ 2048.3.5 Conditional stop .................................................................................................... 2058.3.5.1 Inline form Spline Stop Condition .................................................................... 2058.3.5.2 Stop condition: example and braking characteristics ........................................... 2078.3.6 Constant velocity range in the CP spline block .................................................... 2088.3.6.1 Block selection to the constant velocity range ...................................................... 2088.3.6.2 Maximum limits ..................................................................................................... 2098.4 Modifying motion parameters .................................................................................... 2108.5 Re-teaching a point ................................................................................................... 2108.6 Programming logic instructions ................................................................................. 2118.6.1 Inputs/outputs ....................................................................................................... 2118.6.2 Setting a digital output - OUT ............................................................................... 2118.6.3 Inline form OUT .................................................................................................. 2118.6.4 Setting a pulse output - PULSE ............................................................................ 2128.6.5 Inline form PULSE .............................................................................................. 2128.6.6 Setting an analog output - ANOUT ....................................................................... 2128.6.7 Inline form ANOUT (static) ................................................................................. 2138.6.8 Inline form ANOUT (dynamic) ............................................................................ 2138.6.9 Programming a wait time - WAIT .......................................................................... 2148.6.10 Inline form WAIT ................................................................................................ 2148.6.11 Programming a signal-dependent wait function - WAITFOR ................................ 2148.6.12 Inline form WAITFOR ......................................................................................... 2158.6.13 Switching on the path - SYN OUT ........................................................................ 2168.6.14 Inline form SYN OUT, option START/END ...................................................... 2168.6.15 Inline form SYN OUT, option PATH ................................................................. 219Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

Contents8.6.16 Setting a pulse on the path - SYN PULSE ............................................................ 2218.6.17 Inline form SYN PULSE ..................................................................................... 2218.6.18 Modifying a logic instruction .................................................................................. 222

9 Messages ..................................................................................................... 223

9.1 Automatic External error messages ........................................................................... 223

10 KUKA Service .............................................................................................. 225

10.1 Requesting support .................................................................................................... 22510.2 KUKA Customer Support ........................................................................................... 225

Index ............................................................................................................. 2339 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

10 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.3Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

1 Introduction1 Introduction

1.1 Target group

This documentation is aimed at users with the following knowledge and skills:

Basic knowledge of the industrial robot

1.2 Industrial robot documentation

The industrial robot documentation consists of the following parts:

Documentation for the manipulator Documentation for the robot controller Operating and programming instructions for the KUKA System Software Documentation relating to options and accessories Parts catalog on storage medium

Each of these sets of instructions is a separate document.

1.3 Representation of warnings and notes

Safety These warnings are relevant to safety and must be observed.

This warning draws attention to procedures which serve to prevent or remedy emergencies or malfunctions:

Notes These hints serve to make your work easier or contain references to further information.

For optimal use of our products, we recommend that our customers take part in a course of training at KUKA College. Information about the training program can be found at www.kuka.com or can be ob-

tained directly from our subsidiaries.

These warnings mean that it is certain or highly probable that death or severe injuries will occur, if no precautions

are taken.

These warnings mean that death or severe injuries may occur, if no precautions are taken.

These warnings mean that minor injuries may occur, if no precautions are taken.

These warnings mean that damage to property may oc-cur, if no precautions are taken.

These warnings contain references to safety-relevant information or general safety measures. These warnings do not refer to individual hazards or individual pre-

cautionary measures.

Procedures marked with this warning must be followed exactly.11 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

12 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.31.4 Trademarks

Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

WordPad is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

Tip to make your work easier or reference to further information.Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

2 Product description2 Product description

2.1 Overview of the industrial robot

The industrial robot consists of the following components:

Manipulator Robot controller Teach pendant Connecting cables Software Options, accessories

2.2 Overview of KUKA System Software (KSS)

Description The KUKA System Software (KSS) is responsible for all the basic operator control functions of the industrial robot.

Path planning I/O management Data and file management etc.

Additional technology packages, containing application-specific instructions and configurations, can be installed.

smartHMI The user interface of the KUKA System Software is called KUKA smartHMI (smart Human-Machine Interface).

Features:

User administration

Fig. 2-1: Example of an industrial robot

1 Manipulator 3 Robot controller2 Connecting cables 4 Teach pendant13 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

14 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.3 Program editor KRL (KUKA Robot Language) Inline forms for programming Message display Configuration window etc.

(>>> 4.2 "KUKA smartHMI user interface" Page 47)

2.3 System requirements

KSS 8.3 can be run on the following robot controller:

KR C4 with Windows Embedded Standard 7 V4.x and with 2 GB RAM

2.4 Intended use of the KUKA System Software

Use The KUKA System Software is intended exclusively for the operation of a KUKA industrial robot or customer-specific kinematic system.

Each version of the KUKA System Software may be operated exclusively in accordance with the specified system requirements.

(>>> 2.3 "System requirements" Page 14)

Misuse Any use or application deviating from the intended use is deemed to be imper-missible misuse. The manufacturer cannot be held liable for any damage re-sulting from such use. The risk lies entirely with the user.

Examples of such misuse include:

Operation of a kinematic system that is neither a KUKA industrial robot nor a customer-specific kinematic system

Operation of the KSS not in accordance with the specified system require-ments

2.5 KUKA USB sticks

The following KUKA USB sticks exist for the KR C4 robot controller:

KUKA USB stick 2.0 NB 4 GBNot bootableArt. no. 00-197-266

KUKA USB stick 2.0 Recovery 4 GBBootableComponent of the product KUKA.RecoveryUSB 1.0, art. no. 00-198-642

If a task requires the use of a specific stick, this is indicated in the description of the task.

Depending on customer-specific settings, the user interface may vary from the standard interface.Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

2 Product descriptionFig. 2-2: KUKA USB stick 2.0 NB 4 GB, not bootable (art. no. 00-197-266)

Fig. 2-3: KUKA USB stick 2.0 Recovery 4 GB, bootable (art. no. 00-198-642)15 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

16 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.3Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

3 Safety3 Safety

3.1 General

3.1.1 Liability

The device described in this document is either an industrial robot or a com-ponent thereof.

Components of the industrial robot:

Manipulator Robot controller Teach pendant Connecting cables External axes (optional)

e.g. linear unit, turn-tilt table, positioner Software Options, accessories

The industrial robot is built using state-of-the-art technology and in accor-dance with the recognized safety rules. Nevertheless, misuse of the industrial robot may constitute a risk to life and limb or cause damage to the industrial robot and to other material property.

The industrial robot may only be used in perfect technical condition in accor-dance with its designated use and only by safety-conscious persons who are fully aware of the risks involved in its operation. Use of the industrial robot is subject to compliance with this document and with the declaration of incorpo-ration supplied together with the industrial robot. Any functional disorders af-fecting safety must be rectified immediately.

Safety infor-mation

Safety information cannot be held against KUKA Roboter GmbH. Even if all safety instructions are followed, this is not a guarantee that the industrial robot will not cause personal injuries or material damage.

No modifications may be carried out to the industrial robot without the autho-rization of KUKA Roboter GmbH. Additional components (tools, software, etc.), not supplied by KUKA Roboter GmbH, may be integrated into the indus-trial robot. The user is liable for any damage these components may cause to the industrial robot or to other material property.

In addition to the Safety chapter, this document contains further safety instruc-tions. These must also be observed.

3.1.2 Intended use of the industrial robot

The industrial robot is intended exclusively for the use designated in the Pur-pose chapter of the operating instructions or assembly instructions.

Using the industrial robot for any other or additional purpose is considered im-permissible misuse. The manufacturer cannot be held liable for any damage resulting from such use. The risk lies entirely with the user.

Operating the industrial robot and its options within the limits of its intended use also involves observance of the operating and assembly instructions for

Further information is contained in the Purpose chapter of the oper-ating instructions or assembly instructions of the industrial robot.17 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

18 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.3the individual components, with particular reference to the maintenance spec-ifications.

Misuse Any use or application deviating from the intended use is deemed to be imper-missible misuse. This includes e.g.:

Transportation of persons and animals Use as a climbing aid Operation outside the permissible operating parameters Use in potentially explosive environments Operation without additional safeguards Outdoor operation Underground operation

3.1.3 EC declaration of conformity and declaration of incorporation

This industrial robot constitutes partly completed machinery as defined by the EC Machinery Directive. The industrial robot may only be put into operation if the following preconditions are met:

The industrial robot is integrated into a complete system.Or: The industrial robot, together with other machinery, constitutes a com-plete system.Or: All safety functions and safeguards required for operation in the com-plete machine as defined by the EC Machinery Directive have been added to the industrial robot.

The complete system complies with the EC Machinery Directive. This has been confirmed by means of an assessment of conformity.

Declaration of conformity

The system integrator must issue a declaration of conformity for the complete system in accordance with the Machinery Directive. The declaration of confor-mity forms the basis for the CE mark for the system. The industrial robot must be operated in accordance with the applicable national laws, regulations and standards.

The robot controller is CE certified under the EMC Directive and the Low Volt-age Directive.

Declaration of incorporation

The industrial robot as partly completed machinery is supplied with a declara-tion of incorporation in accordance with Annex II B of the EC Machinery Direc-tive 2006/42/EC. The assembly instructions and a list of essential requirements complied with in accordance with Annex I are integral parts of this declaration of incorporation.

The declaration of incorporation declares that the start-up of the partly com-pleted machinery remains impermissible until the partly completed machinery has been incorporated into machinery, or has been assembled with other parts to form machinery, and this machinery complies with the terms of the EC Ma-chinery Directive, and the EC declaration of conformity is present in accor-dance with Annex II A.

The declaration of incorporation, together with its annexes, remains with the system integrator as an integral part of the technical documentation of the complete machinery.

3.1.4 Terms used

STOP 0, STOP 1 and STOP 2 are the stop definitions according to EN 60204-1:2006.Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

3 SafetyTerm DescriptionAxis range Range of each axis, in degrees or millimeters, within which it may move.

The axis range must be defined for each axis.Stopping distance Stopping distance = reaction distance + braking distance

The stopping distance is part of the danger zone.Workspace The manipulator is allowed to move within its workspace. The work-

space is derived from the individual axis ranges.Operator(User)

The user of the industrial robot can be the management, employer or delegated person responsible for use of the industrial robot.

Danger zone The danger zone consists of the workspace and the stopping distances.Service life The service life of a safety-relevant component begins at the time of

delivery of the component to the customer.

The service life is not affected by whether the component is used in a robot controller or elsewhere or not, as safety-relevant components are also subject to ageing during storage.

KCP The KCP (KUKA Control Panel) teach pendant has all the operator con-trol and display functions required for operating and programming the industrial robot.

The KCP variant for the KR C4 is called KUKA smartPAD. The general term KCP, however, is generally used in this documentation.

CRR Controlled Robot Retraction

CRR is an operating mode only available when KUKA.SafeOperation or KUKA.SafeRangeMonitoring is used. If the robot has violated a monitor-ing function and been stopped by the safety controller, it can only be moved out of the violated area in CRR mode.

Manipulator The robot arm and the associated electrical installationsSafety zone The safety zone is situated outside the danger zone.Safe operational stop The safe operational stop is a standstill monitoring function. It does not

stop the robot motion, but monitors whether the robot axes are station-ary. If these are moved during the safe operational stop, a safety stop STOP 0 is triggered.

The safe operational stop can also be triggered externally.

When a safe operational stop is triggered, the robot controller sets an output to the field bus. The output is set even if not all the axes were sta-tionary at the time of triggering, thereby causing a safety stop STOP 0 to be triggered.

Safety STOP 0 A stop that is triggered and executed by the safety controller. The safety controller immediately switches off the drives and the power supply to the brakes.

Note: This stop is called safety STOP 0 in this document.Safety STOP 1 A stop that is triggered and monitored by the safety controller. The brak-

ing process is performed by the non-safety-oriented part of the robot controller and monitored by the safety controller. As soon as the manip-ulator is at a standstill, the safety controller switches off the drives and the power supply to the brakes.

When a safety STOP 1 is triggered, the robot controller sets an output to the field bus.

The safety STOP 1 can also be triggered externally.

Note: This stop is called safety STOP 1 in this document.19 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

20 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.33.2 Personnel

The following persons or groups of persons are defined for the industrial robot:

User Personnel

User The user must observe the labor laws and regulations. This includes e.g.:

The user must comply with his monitoring obligations. The user must carry out instructions at defined intervals.

Personnel Personnel must be instructed, before any work is commenced, in the type of work involved and what exactly it entails as well as any hazards which may ex-ist. Instruction must be carried out regularly. Instruction is also required after particular incidents or technical modifications.

Personnel includes:

System integrator

Safety STOP 2 A stop that is triggered and monitored by the safety controller. The brak-ing process is performed by the non-safety-oriented part of the robot controller and monitored by the safety controller. The drives remain acti-vated and the brakes released. As soon as the manipulator is at a stand-still, a safe operational stop is triggered.

When a safety STOP 2 is triggered, the robot controller sets an output to the field bus.

The safety STOP 2 can also be triggered externally.

Note: This stop is called safety STOP 2 in this document.Stop category 0 The drives are deactivated immediately and the brakes are applied. The

manipulator and any external axes (optional) perform path-oriented braking.

Note: This stop category is called STOP 0 in this document.Stop category 1 The manipulator and any external axes (optional) perform path-main-

taining braking.

Operating mode T1: The drives are deactivated as soon as the robot has stopped, but no later than after 680 ms.

Operating mode T2, AUT, AUT EXT: The drives are switched off after 1.5 s.

Note: This stop category is called STOP 1 in this document.Stop category 2 The drives are not deactivated and the brakes are not applied. The

manipulator and any external axes (optional) are braked with a path-maintaining braking ramp.

Note: This stop category is called STOP 2 in this document.System integrator(plant integrator)

System integrators are people who safely integrate the industrial robot into a complete system and commission it.

T1 Test mode, Manual Reduced Velocity ( 250 mm/s permissible)External axis Motion axis which is not part of the manipulator but which is controlled

using the robot controller, e.g. KUKA linear unit, turn-tilt table, Posiflex.

Term Description

All persons working with the industrial robot must have read and un-derstood the industrial robot documentation, including the safety chapter.Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

3 Safety Operators, subdivided into: Start-up, maintenance and service personnel Operating personnel Cleaning personnel

System integrator The industrial robot is safely integrated into a complete system by the system integrator.

The system integrator is responsible for the following tasks:

Installing the industrial robot Connecting the industrial robot Performing risk assessment Implementing the required safety functions and safeguards Issuing the declaration of conformity Attaching the CE mark Creating the operating instructions for the complete system

Operator The operator must meet the following preconditions:

The operator must be trained for the work to be carried out. Work on the industrial robot must only be carried out by qualified person-

nel. These are people who, due to their specialist training, knowledge and experience, and their familiarization with the relevant standards, are able to assess the work to be carried out and detect any potential hazards.

Example The tasks can be distributed as shown in the following table.

Installation, exchange, adjustment, operation, maintenance and re-pair must be performed only as specified in the operating or assembly instructions for the relevant component of the industrial robot and only

by personnel specially trained for this purpose.

Tasks Operator Programmer System inte-gratorSwitch robot controller on/off x x x

Start program x x xSelect program x x xSelect operating mode x x xCalibration (tool, base) x x

Master the manipulator x xConfiguration x xProgramming x xStart-up xMaintenance xRepair xDecommissioning xTransportation x

Work on the electrical and mechanical equipment of the industrial ro-bot may only be carried out by specially trained personnel. 21 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

22 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.33.3 Workspace, safety zone and danger zone

Workspaces are to be restricted to the necessary minimum size. A workspace must be safeguarded using appropriate safeguards.

The safeguards (e.g. safety gate) must be situated inside the safety zone. In the case of a stop, the manipulator and external axes (optional) are braked and come to a stop within the danger zone.

The danger zone consists of the workspace and the stopping distances of the manipulator and external axes (optional). It must be safeguarded by means of physical safeguards to prevent danger to persons or the risk of material dam-age.

3.4 Triggers for stop reactions

Stop reactions of the industrial robot are triggered in response to operator ac-tions or as a reaction to monitoring functions and error messages. The follow-ing tables show the different stop reactions according to the operating mode that has been set.

Fig. 3-1: Example of axis range A1

1 Workspace 3 Stopping distance2 Manipulator 4 Safety zone

Trigger T1, T2, CRR AUT, AUT EXTStart key released STOP 2 -STOP key pressed STOP 2Drives OFF STOP 1Motion enable input drops out

STOP 2

Robot controller switched off (power failure)

STOP 0

Internal error in non-safety-oriented part of the robot controller

STOP 0 or STOP 1

(dependent on the cause of the error)Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

cschrienersHighlight

3 Safety3.5 Safety functions

3.5.1 Overview of the safety functions

The following safety functions are present in the industrial robot:

Mode selection Operator safety (= connection for the guard interlock) EMERGENCY STOP device Enabling device External safe operational stop External safety stop 1 (not for the controller variant KR C4 compact) External safety stop 2 Velocity monitoring in T1

The safety functions of the industrial robot meet the following requirements:

Category 3 and Performance Level d in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2008

SIL 2 according to EN 62061

The requirements are only met on the following condition, however:

The EMERGENCY STOP device is pressed at least once every 6 months.

The following components are involved in the safety functions:

Safety controller in the control PC KUKA Control Panel (KUKA smartPAD) Cabinet Control Unit (CCU) Resolver Digital Converter (RDC) KUKA Power Pack (KPP) KUKA Servo Pack (KSP) Safety Interface Board (SIB) (if used)

There are also interfaces to components outside the industrial robot and to other robot controllers.

Operating mode changed during operation

Safety stop 2

Safety gate opened (oper-ator safety)

- Safety stop 1

Releasing the enabling switch

Safety stop 2 -

Enabling switch pressed fully down or error

Safety stop 1 -

E-STOP pressed Safety stop 1Error in safety controller or periphery of the safety controller

Safety stop 0

Trigger T1, T2, CRR AUT, AUT EXT

In the absence of operational safety functions and safe-guards, the industrial robot can cause personal injury or

material damage. If safety functions or safeguards are dismantled or deacti-vated, the industrial robot may not be operated.23 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

24 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.33.5.2 Safety controller

The safety controller is a unit inside the control PC. It links safety-relevant sig-nals and safety-relevant monitoring functions.

Safety controller tasks:

Switching off the drives; applying the brakes Monitoring the braking ramp Standstill monitoring (after the stop) Velocity monitoring in T1 Evaluation of safety-relevant signals Setting of safety-oriented outputs

3.5.3 Mode selection

The industrial robot can be operated in the following modes:

Manual Reduced Velocity (T1) Manual High Velocity (T2) Automatic (AUT) Automatic External (AUT EXT) CRR

During system planning, the safety functions of the overall system must also be planned and designed. The industrial robot must be in-tegrated into this safety system of the overall system.

Do not change the operating mode while a program is running. If the operating mode is changed during program execution, the industrial robot is stopped with a safety stop 2.

Operat-ing mode Use Velocities

T1For test operation, pro-gramming and teach-ing

Program verification:Programmed velocity, maxi-mum 250 mm/s

Jog mode:Jog velocity, maximum 250 mm/s

T2 For test operation Program verification:

Programmed velocity Jog mode: Not possible

AUTFor industrial robots without higher-level controllers

Program mode:Programmed velocity

Jog mode: Not possibleIssued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

3 Safety3.5.4 Operator safety

The operator safety signal is used for interlocking physical safeguards, e.g. safety gates. Automatic operation is not possible without this signal. In the event of a loss of signal during automatic operation (e.g. safety gate is opened), the manipulator stops with a safety stop 1.

Operator safety is not active in the modes T1 (Manual Reduced Velocity), T2 (Manual High Velocity) and CRR.

3.5.5 EMERGENCY STOP device

The EMERGENCY STOP device for the industrial robot is the EMERGENCY STOP device on the KCP. The device must be pressed in the event of a haz-ardous situation or emergency.

Reactions of the industrial robot if the EMERGENCY STOP device is pressed:

The manipulator and any external axes (optional) are stopped with a safe-ty stop 1.

Before operation can be resumed, the EMERGENCY STOP device must be turned to release it.

There must always be at least one external EMERGENCY STOP device in-stalled. This ensures that an EMERGENCY STOP device is available even when the KCP is disconnected.

AUT EXTFor industrial robots with higher-level con-trollers, e.g. PLC

Program mode:Programmed velocity

Jog mode: Not possible

CRR

CRR is only available if KUKA.SafeOperation or KUKA.Saf-eRangeMonitoring is used.

If the robot has violated a monitoring function and been stopped by the safety controller, it can only be moved out of the violated area in CRR mode.

Speeds similar to T1

Operat-ing mode Use Velocities

Following a loss of signal, automatic operation must not be resumed merely by closing the safeguard; it must first

additionally be acknowledged. It is the responsibility of the system integrator to ensure this. This is to prevent automatic operation from being resumed in-advertently while there are still persons in the danger zone, e.g. due to the safety gate closing accidentally. The acknowledgement must be designed in such a way that an actual

check of the danger zone can be carried out first. Acknowledgement functions that do not allow this (e.g. because they are automatically trig-gered by closure of the safeguard) are not permissible.

Failure to observe this may result in death to persons, severe injuries or considerable damage to property.

Tools and other equipment connected to the manipulator must be integrated into the EMERGENCY STOP circuit

on the system side if they could constitute a potential hazard.Failure to observe this precaution may result in death, severe injuries or con-siderable damage to property.25 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

26 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.3 (>>> 3.5.7 "External EMERGENCY STOP device" Page 26)

3.5.6 Logging off from the higher-level safety controller

If the robot controller is connected to a higher-level safety controller, this con-nection will inevitably be terminated in the following cases:

Switching off of the robot controller via the main switch or due to a power failureIn this case, it does not matter whether the Cold start or Hibernate start type has been selected.

Shutdown of the robot controller via the smartHMI Activation of a WorkVisual project in WorkVisual or directly on the robot

controller Changes to Start-up > Network configuration Changes to Configuration > Safety configuration I/O drivers > Reconfigure Restoration of an archive

Effect of the interruption:

If the X11 interface is used, this triggers an EMERGENCY STOP for the overall system.

If the Ethernet interface is used, the KUKA safety controller generates a signal that prevents the higher-level controller from triggering an EMER-GENCY STOP for the overall system.

3.5.7 External EMERGENCY STOP device

There must be EMERGENCY STOP devices available at every operator sta-tion that can initiate a robot motion or other potentially hazardous situation. The system integrator is responsible for ensuring this.

There must always be at least one external EMERGENCY STOP device in-stalled. This ensures that an EMERGENCY STOP device is available even when the KCP is disconnected.

External EMERGENCY STOP devices are connected via the customer inter-face. External EMERGENCY STOP devices are not included in the scope of supply of the industrial robot.

If the Ethernet safety interface is used: In his risk assess-ment, the system integrator must take into consideration

whether the fact that switching off the robot controller does not trigger an EMERGENCY STOP of the overall system could constitute a hazard and, if so, how this hazard can be countered.Failure to take this into consideration may result in death to persons, severe injuries or considerable damage to property.

If a robot controller is switched off, the E-STOP device on the KCP is no longer functional. The user is responsible

for ensuring that the KCP is either covered or removed from the system. This serves to prevent operational and non-operational EMERGENCY STOP de-vices from becoming interchanged.Failure to observe this precaution may result in death to persons, severe in-juries or considerable damage to property.Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

3 Safety3.5.8 Enabling device

The enabling devices of the industrial robot are the enabling switches on the KCP.

There are 3 enabling switches installed on the KCP. The enabling switches have 3 positions:

Not pressed Center position Panic position

In the test modes and in CRR, the manipulator can only be moved if one of the enabling switches is held in the central position.

Releasing the enabling switch triggers a safety stop 2. Pressing the enabling switch down fully (panic position) triggers a safety

stop 1. It is possible, for a short time, to hold 2 enabling switches in the center po-

sition simultaneously. This makes it possible to adjust grip from one en-abling switch to another one. If 2 enabling switches are held simultaneously in the center position for a longer period of time, this trig-gers a safety stop after several seconds.

If an enabling switch malfunctions (jams), the industrial robot can be stopped using the following methods:

Press the enabling switch down fully Actuate the EMERGENCY STOP system Release the Start key

3.5.9 External enabling device

External enabling devices are required if it is necessary for more than one per-son to be in the danger zone of the industrial robot. They are connected to the robot controller via an interface.

External enabling devices are not included in the scope of supply of the indus-trial robot.

3.5.10 External safe operational stop

The safe operational stop can be triggered via an input on the customer inter-face. The state is maintained as long as the external signal is FALSE. If the external signal is TRUE, the manipulator can be moved again. No acknowl-edgement is required.

3.5.11 External safety stop 1 and external safety stop 2

Safety stop 1 and safety stop 2 can be triggered via an input on the customer interface. The state is maintained as long as the external signal is FALSE. If

The enabling switches must not be held down by adhe-sive tape or other means or manipulated in any other

way.Death, injuries or damage to property may result.

Which interface can be used for connecting external enabling devices is described in the Planning chapter of the robot controller operating instructions and assembly instructions.27 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

cschrienersHighlight

28 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.3the external signal is TRUE, the manipulator can be moved again. No ac-knowledgement is required.

3.5.12 Velocity monitoring in T1 and CRR

The velocity at the TCP is monitored in the T1 and CRR modes. If, due to an error, the velocity exceeds 250 mm/s, a safety stop 0 is triggered.

3.6 Additional protective equipment

3.6.1 Jog mode

In the operating modes T1 (Manual Reduced Velocity), T2 (Manual High Ve-locity) and CRR, the robot controller can only execute programs in jog mode. This means that it is necessary to hold down an enabling switch and the Start key in order to execute a program.

Releasing the enabling switch triggers a safety stop 2. Pressing the enabling switch down fully (panic position) triggers a safety

stop 1. Releasing the Start key triggers a STOP 2.

3.6.2 Software limit switches

The axis ranges of all manipulator and positioner axes are limited by means of adjustable software limit switches. These software limit switches only serve as machine protection and must be adjusted in such a way that the manipulator/positioner cannot hit the mechanical end stops.

The software limit switches are set during commissioning of an industrial ro-bot.

3.6.3 Mechanical end stops

Depending on the robot variant, the axis ranges of the main and wrist axes of the manipulator are partially limited by mechanical end stops.

Additional mechanical end stops can be installed on the external axes.

3.6.4 Mechanical axis range limitation (optional)

Some manipulators can be fitted with mechanical axis range limitation in axes A1 to A3. The adjustable axis range limitation systems restrict the working

No external safety stop 1 is available for the controller variant KR C4 compact.

Further information is contained in the operating and programming in-structions.

If the manipulator or an external axis hits an obstruction or a mechanical end stop or axis range limitation, this

can result in material damage to the industrial robot. The manipulator must be taken out of operation and KUKA Roboter GmbH must be consulted be-fore it is put back into operation (>>> 10 "KUKA Service" Page 225).Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

3 Safetyrange to the required minimum. This increases personal safety and protection of the system.

In the case of manipulators that are not designed to be fitted with mechanical axis range limitation, the workspace must be laid out in such a way that there is no danger to persons or material property, even in the absence of mechan-ical axis range limitation.

If this is not possible, the workspace must be limited by means of photoelectric barriers, photoelectric curtains or obstacles on the system side. There must be no shearing or crushing hazards at the loading and transfer areas.

3.6.5 Axis range monitoring (optional)

Some manipulators can be fitted with dual-channel axis range monitoring sys-tems in main axes A1 to A3. The positioner axes may be fitted with additional axis range monitoring systems. The safety zone for an axis can be adjusted and monitored using an axis range monitoring system. This increases person-al safety and protection of the system.

3.6.6 Devices for moving the manipulator without the robot controller (options)

Description The following devices are available for moving the manipulator after an acci-dent or malfunction:

Release deviceThe release device can be used for the main axis drive motors and, de-pending on the robot variant, also for the wrist axis drive motors.

Brake release deviceThe brake release device is designed for robot variants whose motors are not freely accessible.

The devices are only for use in exceptional circumstances and emergencies, e.g. for freeing people.

Procedure Moving the manipulator with the release device:

1. Switch off the robot controller and secure it (e.g. with a padlock) to prevent unauthorized persons from switching it on again.

2. Remove the protective cap from the motor.

This option is not available for all robot models. Information on spe-cific robot models can be obtained from KUKA Roboter GmbH.

This option is not available for all robot models. Information on spe-cific robot models can be obtained from KUKA Roboter GmbH.

These options are not available for all robot models. Information on specific robot models can be obtained from KUKA Roboter GmbH.

The motors reach temperatures during operation which can cause burns to the skin. Contact must be avoided.

Appropriate safety precautions must be taken, e.g. protective gloves must be worn.

The following procedure must be followed exactly!29 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

30 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.33. Push the release device onto the corresponding motor and move the axis in the desired direction.The directions are indicated with arrows on the motors. It is necessary to overcome the resistance of the mechanical motor brake and any other loads acting on the axis.

Procedure Moving the manipulator with the brake release device:

1. Switch off the robot controller and secure it (e.g. with a padlock) to prevent unauthorized persons from switching it on again.

2. Connect the brake release device to the base frame of the robot:Unplug connector X30 from interface A1. Plug connector X20 of the brake release device into interface A1.

3. Select the brakes to be released (main axes, wrist axes) via the selection switch on the brake release device.

4. Press the button on the hand-held device.The brakes of the main axes or wrist axes are released and the robot can be moved manually.

3.6.7 Labeling on the industrial robot

All plates, labels, symbols and marks constitute safety-relevant parts of the in-dustrial robot. They must not be modified or removed.

Labeling on the industrial robot consists of:

Identification plates Warning labels Safety symbols Designation labels Cable markings Rating plates

Moving an axis with the release device can damage the motor brake. This can result in personal injury and mate-

rial damage. After using the release device, the motor must be exchanged.

If a robot axis has been moved by the release device, all robot axes must be remastered. Serious infuries or dam-

age to property may otherwise result.

Use of the brake release device may result in unexpect-ed robot motions, especially sagging of the axes. During

use of the brake release device, attention must be paid to motion of this kind in order to be able to prevent physical injuries or damage to property. Stand-ing under moving axes is not permitted.

The following procedure must be followed exactly!

Further information about the brake release device can be found in the documentation for the brake release device.

Further information is contained in the technical data of the operating instructions or assembly instructions of the components of the indus-trial robot.Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

3 Safety3.6.8 External safeguards

The access of persons to the danger zone of the industrial robot must be pre-vented by means of safeguards. It is the responsibility of the system integrator to ensure this.

Physical safeguards must meet the following requirements:

They meet the requirements of EN 953. They prevent access of persons to the danger zone and cannot be easily

circumvented. They are sufficiently fastened and can withstand all forces that are likely

to occur in the course of operation, whether from inside or outside the en-closure.

They do not, themselves, represent a hazard or potential hazard. The prescribed minimum clearance from the danger zone is maintained.

Safety gates (maintenance gates) must meet the following requirements:

They are reduced to an absolute minimum. The interlocks (e.g. safety gate switches) are linked to the operator safety

input of the robot controller via safety gate switching devices or safety PLC.

Switching devices, switches and the type of switching conform to the re-quirements of Performance Level d and category 3 according to EN ISO 13849-1.

Depending on the risk situation: the safety gate is additionally safeguarded by means of a locking mechanism that only allows the gate to be opened if the manipulator is safely at a standstill.

The button for acknowledging the safety gate is located outside the space limited by the safeguards.

Other safety equipment

Other safety equipment must be integrated into the system in accordance with the corresponding standards and regulations.

3.7 Overview of operating modes and safety functions

The following table indicates the operating modes in which the safety functions are active.

Further information is contained in the corresponding standards and regulations. These also include EN 953.

Safety functions T1, CRR T2 AUT AUT EXT

Operator safety - - active activeEMERGENCY STOP device active active active activeEnabling device active active - -Reduced velocity during pro-gram verification active - - -

Jog mode active active - -Software limit switches active active active active31 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

32 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.33.8 Safety measures

3.8.1 General safety measures

The industrial robot may only be used in perfect technical condition in accor-dance with its intended use and only by safety-conscious persons. Operator errors can result in personal injury and damage to property.

It is important to be prepared for possible movements of the industrial robot even after the robot controller has been switched off and locked. Incorrect in-stallation (e.g. overload) or mechanical defects (e.g. brake defect) can cause the manipulator or external axes to sag. If work is to be carried out on a switched-off industrial robot, the manipulator and external axes must first be moved into a position in which they are unable to move on their own, whether the payload is mounted or not. If this is not possible, the manipulator and ex-ternal axes must be secured by appropriate means.

KCP The user must ensure that the industrial robot is only operated with the KCP by authorized persons.

If more than one KCP is used in the overall system, it must be ensured that each KCP is unambiguously assigned to the corresponding industrial robot. They must not be interchanged.

Faults The following tasks must be carried out in the case of faults in the industrial robot:

Switch off the robot controller and secure it (e.g. with a padlock) to prevent unauthorized persons from switching it on again.

Indicate the fault by means of a label with a corresponding warning (tag-out).

Keep a record of the faults. Eliminate the fault and carry out a function test.

Modifications After modifications to the industrial robot, checks must be carried out to ensure the required safety level. The valid national or regional work safety regulations

In the absence of operational safety functions and safe-guards, the industrial robot can cause personal injury or

material damage. If safety functions or safeguards are dismantled or deacti-vated, the industrial robot may not be operated.

Standing underneath the robot arm can cause death or serious injuries. For this reason, standing underneath the

robot arm is prohibited!

The motors reach temperatures during operation which can cause burns to the skin. Contact must be avoided.

Appropriate safety precautions must be taken, e.g. protective gloves must be worn.

The operator must ensure that decoupled KCPs are im-mediately removed from the system and stored out of

sight and reach of personnel working on the industrial robot. This serves to prevent operational and non-operational EMERGENCY STOP devices from becoming interchanged.Failure to observe this precaution may result in death, severe injuries or con-siderable damage to property.Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

3 Safetymust be observed for this check. The correct functioning of all safety circuits must also be tested.

New or modified programs must always be tested first in Manual Reduced Ve-locity mode (T1).

After modifications to the industrial robot, existing programs must always be tested first in Manual Reduced Velocity mode (T1). This applies to all compo-nents of the industrial robot and includes modifications to the software and configuration settings.

3.8.2 Transportation

Manipulator The prescribed transport position of the manipulator must be observed. Trans-portation must be carried out in accordance with the operating instructions or assembly instructions of the robot.

Robot controller The prescribed transport position of the robot controller must be observed. Transportation must be carried out in accordance with the operating instruc-tions or assembly instructions of the robot controller.

Avoid vibrations and impacts during transportation in order to prevent damage to the robot controller.

External axis (optional)

The prescribed transport position of the external axis (e.g. KUKA linear unit, turn-tilt table, positioner) must be observed. Transportation must be carried out in accordance with the operating instructions or assembly instructions of the external axis.

3.8.3 Start-up and recommissioning

Before starting up systems and devices for the first time, a check must be car-ried out to ensure that the systems and devices are complete and operational, that they can be operated safely and that any damage is detected.

The valid national or regional work safety regulations must be observed for this check. The correct functioning of all safety circuits must also be tested.

The passwords for the user groups must be changed in the KUKA System Software before start-up. The passwords must only be com-municated to authorized personnel.

The robot controller is preconfigured for the specific in-dustrial robot. If cables are interchanged, the manipula-

tor and the external axes (optional) may receive incorrect data and can thus cause personal injury or material damage. If a system consists of more than one manipulator, always connect the connecting cables to the manipulators and their corresponding robot controllers.

If additional components (e.g. cables), which are not part of the scope of supply of KUKA Roboter GmbH, are integrated into the industrial robot, the user is responsible for ensuring that these components do

not adversely affect or disable safety functions.

If the internal cabinet temperature of the robot controller differs greatly from the ambient temperature, condensa-

tion can form, which may cause damage to the electrical components. Do not put the robot controller into operation until the internal temperature of the cabinet has adjusted to the ambient temperature.33 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

34 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.3Function test The following tests must be carried out before start-up and recommissioning:

General test:

It must be ensured that:

The industrial robot is correctly installed and fastened in accordance with the specifications in the documentation.

There are no foreign bodies or loose parts on the industrial robot. All required safety equipment is correctly installed and operational. The power supply ratings of the industrial robot correspond to the local

supply voltage and mains type. The ground conductor and the equipotential bonding cable are sufficiently

rated and correctly connected. The connecting cables are correctly connected and the connectors are

locked.

Test of the safety functions:

A function test must be carried out for the following safety functions to ensure that they are functioning correctly:

Local EMERGENCY STOP device External EMERGENCY STOP device (input and output) Enabling device (in the test modes) Operator safety All other safety-relevant inputs and outputs used Other external safety functions

3.8.3.1 Checking machine data and safety-relevant control configuration

It must be ensured that the rating plate on the robot controller has the same machine data as those entered in the declaration of incorporation. The machine data on the rating plate of the manipulator and the external axes (optional) must be entered during start-up.

The practical tests for the machine data must be carried out within the scope of the start-up procedure.

Following modifications to the machine data, the safety configuration must always be checked.

If changes are made to the machine data when checking the safety con-figuration (regardless of the reason for the safety configuration check), the practical tests for the machine data must be carried out.

If the practical tests are not successfully completed in the initial start-up, KUKA Roboter GmbH must be contacted.

If the practical test is not successfully completed during a different procedure, the machine data must be checked and corrected.

General practical test

If practical tests are required for the machine data, this test must always be carried out.

The following methods are available for performing the practical test:

The industrial robot must not be moved if incorrect ma-chine data are loaded. Death, severe injuries or consid-

erable damage to property may otherwise result. The correct machine data must be loaded.

Information about checking the safety configuration is contained in the Operating and Programming Instructions for System Integrators.Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

3 Safety TCP calibration with the XYZ 4-point methodThe practical test is passed if the TCP has been successfully calibrated.

Or:

1. Align the TCP with a freely selected point. The point serves as a reference point. It must be located so that reorien-tation is possible.

2. Move the TCP manually at least 45 once in each of the A, B and C direc-tions.The movements do not have to be accumulative, i.e. after motion in one direction it is possible to return to the original position before moving in the next direction.The practical test is passed if the TCP does not deviate from the reference point by more than 2 cm in total.

Practical test for axes that are not mathematically coupled

If practical tests are required for the machine data, this test must be carried out when axes are present that are not mathematically coupled.

1. Mark the starting position of the axis that is not mathematically coupled.2. Move the axis manually by a freely selected path length. Determine the

path length from the display Actual position on the smartHMI. Move linear axes a specific distance. Move rotational axes through a specific angle.

3. Measure the length of the path covered and compare it with the value dis-played on the smartHMI.The practical test is passed if the values differ by no more than 10%.

4. Repeat the test for each axis that is not mathematically coupled.

Practical test for couplable axes

If practical tests are required for the machine data, this test must be carried out when axes are present that can be physically coupled and uncoupled, e.g. a servo gun.

1. Physically uncouple the couplable axis.2. Move all the remaining axes individually.

The practical test is passed if it has been possible to move all the remain-ing axes.

3.8.3.2 Start-up mode

Description The industrial robot can be set to Start-up mode via the smartHMI user inter-face. In this mode, the manipulator can be moved in T1 or CRR mode in the absence of the safety periphery.

If the X11 interface is used:Start-up mode is always possible if all input signals have the state logic zero. If this is not the case, the robot controller prevents or terminates Start-up mode.

If the Ethernet safety interface is used: If a connection to a higher-level safety system exists or is established, the robot controller prevents or terminates Start-up mode.

Hazards Possible hazards and risks involved in using Start-up mode:

A person walks into the manipulators danger zone. An unauthorized person moves the manipulator. In a hazardous situation, a disabled external EMERGENCY STOP device

is actuated and the manipulator is not shut down.35 / 237Issued: 22.01.2013 Version: KSS 8.3 END V1 en (PDF)

36 / 237

KUKA System Software 8.3Additional measures for avoiding risks in Start-up mode:

Cover disabled EMERGENCY STOP devices or attach a warning sign in-dicating that the EMERGENCY STOP devi