Korean War Dissemination of Combat Info 10 Sept 53

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UNCLASSIFIED

OFFICE, CHIEF OF ARMY FIELD FORCESF o r t Monroe, Virginia

ATTNG-26 350. 05/U(DOCI)(C)( 10 Sep 53) 10 S ep t embe r 1953

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1. In accordance with SR 525-85-5, Proces s ing of Combat

Information, th e inc losed EXTRACTS a re forwarded for evaluat ionand neces sa ry act ion. I t may be appropr ia te , in ce r t a in case s , totake act ion upon a single ext rac ted i t em; in others , i t may be d e s i rable to develop.a c ros s - sec t ion of accumula ted ex t r ac t s on a pa r t i cul a r subjec t before ini t ia t ing a c t i ~ n ;and, often the, ext rac ted i tem se rvesto reaff i rm our doct r ines and t echniques .

2. Copies a re furnished to other mil i ta ry agenc ies to keep themi n fo rmed concerning t hea t e r p r o b l ems f rom th e front l ine through thelog is t ica l command. ,

3. These EXTRACTS a re der ived f rom r epo r t s which a rec lass i f ied SECRET. F o r th e grea t e r convenience of th e u s e r, th i sOffice ass igns each ext rac ted i tem th e lowest classif icat ion compatiblewith secu r i t y. No effor t i s made to pa raph ra se o r delete any por t ion ofthe ext rac ted r e m a r k s , so tha t none of the or ig ina l intent i s los t .

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4. Combat in format ion EXTRACTS which are applicable to t r a ining a t th e company/ba t te ry leve l appear in Ar my Fie ld F o r c e s TRAININ G BULLETINS.

FOR THE CHIEF OF ARMY FIELD FORCES:

LOG #1 Inc1 .A . B. CHATHAM

Ext rac t s , I tems L ' 8 R ' A t I ~ o ¥AG C 53- 9- 59 =itNo 29 th ru 60 Ass t Adjutant Gene r a l

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DISTRIBUTION: 3 ACOFS, G .. l , DA 10 The Surgeon Gene ra l3 ACOFS, G - 2 , DA 4 Chie f of Tr a n spo r t a t i o n

15 ACOFS,G - 3 , DA O C A F F

20 ACOFS, G-4, DA 1 G l

1 The Adjutant G e n e r a l 1 G22 Chie f of Chaplains 20 G3

10 Chie f Chemica l Off ice r 2 G4

10 Chie f of Eng inee r s 5 DT2 Chie f of Finance 1 Chap2 Chief of In format ion 1 C m l

2 · The Inspec tor Genera l 1 Compt2 The Judge Advocate Genera l 1 E n g r2 Chief of Mil i ta ry His tory 1 Info2 Chief , Nat ional G u a r d Bure au 1 M ed

10 Chie f of Ordnance 1 O rd2 Th e P r o v o s t Ma rs h a l G e n e r a l 1 PM

10 The Q u a r t e r m a s t e r Gene ra l 1 QM

2 Execut ive fo r R e s e r v e and 1 Sig

ROTC Affa i r s 1 Tr a n s

10 Chief Signal-Off icer

COPIES FURNISHED:134 TAG (4 0 CG, US A r m y F o r c e s , F a r E a s t (Main), 44 CINC,

US A r m y, E u r o p e ; 10 ea CGls , other m a j o r o v e r s e a c o mmands)

CGls2 F i r s t A r m y2 Second A r m y2 T h i r d A r m y

10 F o u r t h A r m y2 Fi f th A r m y

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2 Six th A r m y4 A r m y AA C o m m a n d2 Mil i ta ry Dis t r i c t of Washing ton c ·

c2 Tac t i c a l A ir Command ,. 2 The A r m o r e d Center

2 The Ar t i l l e ry Center2 T he Infantry Center1 Mounta in & Cold Weather Tng C o m m a n d

1 Chai rman, Jo in t Chie fs of Staff

1 Chie f of Staff, Dept of the A r m yChie f of Naval Opera t ions , Dept of the Navy2

2 Comdt , US Marine C o r p s

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A. TTNG-Z6 350 .05 / I I (DOCI) (C) SUBJECT: Dissemina t ion of Combat In format ion

COPIES FURNISHED: (Cont). Z Chief , A r m y Advisory Gp, Air Command and Staff School,

A ir Univers i ty1 A F F LNO, A r m y C m l C enZ Comdt of Cadets , US Mil i ta ry Academy

C o m d tI A r m e d F o r c e s Staff Col legeZ Marine C o r p s SchoolZ USAF Air-Ground Opera t ions SchoolZ Counte r Intel l igence C o r p s SchoolZ The Provos t M a r s h a l Genera l ' s SchoolZ A r m y W ar College

Z CGSCZ A r m y G e n e r a l Scho,olZ The Armored SchoolZ The Ar t i l l e ry SchoolZ The In fan t ry SchoolZ A r m y Aviat ion SchoolZ A s s t Comdt, The Art i l le ry School

AA&GM B r a n c hZ Chief , . Army Secur i ty AgencyI Off ice r in Charge , Atlant ic F l e e t Intel l igence Cen,

Attn: Ground F o r c e s Off ice rI

D i r e c t o r , Weapons Sys tems Eva lua t ion Group, Secy ofDefense , Attn: Col Tra inP r e s

1 Bd No 1, OCAFFI Bd No Z, O C A F F1 B d No 3, OCAFF1 Bd No 4, O C A F F1 CO, Arct ic Te s t Branch , OCAFF

Chiefs1 A F F HRU No 11 A FF HRU No Z1 D ir of Spec ia l Weapons Developments , A F F

O C A F F1. DCOFSZ Combat Deve lopments4 Combat A r m s Advisory Gp~ Br i t i sh Lia i son OfficerZ Canadian Lia i son Officer

14 G3(Z6)1 AG Records

11 Ext r a C opie s" 3

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(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 29

F L A M E THROWERS IN TANKS. - The only mechanized f lamet h rower s ava i lab le in Korea a t p r e s e n t a r e obso lescen t M3-4-3 mode lswhich w e r e des igned for mount ing in the M -4 s e r i e s t anks . A s a l l tankuni ts of this divis ion a r e equipped with M-46 t anks i t was not poss ib leto ut i l ize these f lame t h r o w e r s . The value of mechanized f lame t h r o w e r smounted in t anks , pa r t i cu l a r l y in offensive opera t ions , was thorough lyp r o v e n in World War II an d they could be employed effect ively i n K o r e a .R e c o m m e n d tha t in tens ive effor t s be made to develop m e c h a n i z e d n a m eth+owers of l a rge capac i ty su i t ab le for mount ing in the M-46 and l a t e r

model t anks . (Command Repor t - 4nth Inf Di v - M ar 53 )

(CONFIDENTIAL)

r O C A F F Comment : In tegra l and non- in tegra l f lame t h r o w e r sfo r M-47 and M-48 t anks and a r m o r e d in fan t ry c a r r i e r s a re beingdeve loped and tested..: '?


FAMILY O F UNITED NATIONS DECORATIONS. - A family ofUnited Nat ions decora t ions is urgen t ly needed . The s y s t e m fo r and

l imi ta t ions in prov id ing US decora t ions for personne l of UN cont ingen ts l eaves much to be d e s i r e d . The Divis ion Commander cannoti s s u e a n lion the spo t" a w a r d for h e r o i s m to a KATUSA so ld ie r e v e n

though a l l o ther m e m b e r s of h is squad or pa t ro l a r e decora ted anddesp i te the fac t tha t often he h a s th e longes t per iod of s e r v i c e of anys o l d i e r in th e group . S i m i l a r r e s t r i c t i ons prevent any prompt r e c ognit ion of hero ic act ion by p e r s o n n e l of fo re ign uni t s . Relaxat ion ofr e s t r i c t i o n s on the award of th e Silver Star and Bronze Star Medal(Va lorous ) would prov ide an exped i t ious bu t t empor a ry so lu t ion . UnitedNat ions -decorat ions a re the p r o p e r a n s w e r. (Command R e p o r t - 7thIn f D iv - M ar 53)


E M P L O Y M E N T O F DIVISION RECONNAISSANCE CO IN ST ABILIZED SITUATION. - The uni t was divided into two e lements , fo rwardan d r e a r . The f o r w a r d C P w as s i tua ted approx imate ly 2000 y a r d s in

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•the r e a r of the MLR. In conjunct ion with the Division G-Z, the fo rwarde l emen t main ta ined 6 sc reen ing p a t r o l s dai ly during the hours of d a r kn e s s for the purpose of sa feguard ing the Division MLR aga ins t poss ib lein f i l t ra t ion by the e n e m y. Three dayl ight outposts were es tab l i shedapproximate ly ZOO yar.ds in th e r e a r o f the MLR for the purpose ofde tec t ing poss ib le enemy inf i l t ra t ion and civi l ian l ine c r o s s i n g . Onn u m e r o u s occas ions th e fo rward e l e m e n t dispa tched reconna issancepa t ro l s to r epo r t on the a r e a control led by th e 3 dayl ight outpos t s .(Command Repor t - 40th Recon Co - M ay 53)

r OCAFF Comment : This i s on e of the effect ive methods ofemploy ing the Reconna issance Company, Infantry Divis ion, in a s t ab il i zed situation.: ,? .

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 3Z

AMMUNITION S U P P LY DURING HEAVY FIRING WITH 15S-MMHOWITZER. - Dur ing the f i r ing in defense of outposts Vegas and C a r s once r t a in problems were encounte red in the supply of ammunit ion fo r thep i ece s .

The new type powder cans (no type o r model number avai lable)appea r s to be wel l des igned bu t unhandy to u s e . The can has a locking

l ip of i nc r ea sed d i ame te r with rece s s ed locking-lug wel ls , and a l ight ly ..m a d e locking handle with a b r a s s locking s c r ew.

When th e can i s opened :rapidly, the cap locking m e c h a n i s m oftens t i ck s and f requent ly bends o r b r eaks before the th ree locking lugs canbe disengaged from the can l ip . In th i s si tuat ion, the lugs cannot beknocked loose rap id ly because they a re r ece s sed below the sur face ofthe lip of the can . (The older model can, wi th a s t r onge r locking m e c han i sm and protruding lugs , i s e a s i e r to handle a t the piece) . The r e su l tw as f requen t de lay in p repa r i n g powder c h a rg e s while seve ra l powdercans were handled, in success ion . B e c a u s e of i t s i nc r ea s e d s ize , fewerrounds (I e s s than bas i c load) can be packed into each ammuni t ion wel loi l th e MS t r a c to r, fo r t r an s po r t a t i on with the piece .

Som.e powder is be ing rece ived with a p r i m e r packed i n the can .Where f i r ing i s conducted a t rap id r a t e s such as in close defense , th i sp a c l ~ . i n gi s unsu i tab le .

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. Te s t s show t h a t i t t a k e s f r o m 45 to 60 seconds to e x t r a c t thep r i m e r f rom i t s pro tec t ive pack ing . I f the No 1 m a n (who i n s e r t s

th e p r i m e r ) does this a s a n add i t iona l job. abou t 1 - 1 / 2 m i n u t e s a r e

r e q u i r e d to f i re e a c h r o u n d . I f th e No I m an i s not u s e d , an add i t iona lm a n i s r equ i r ed on e a c h c r e w so le ly to p r e p a r e p r i m e r s . The ne t r esu l t of th i s type of pack ing i s e i t he r to r e q u i r e add i t iona l manpower o r

to reduce the piece f i r e p o w e r f rom 50 % to 67 % a t the t ime i t i s m o s tneeded . (The u se of ba t t e ry p e r s o n n e l fo r th i s job i s not d e s i r a b l e ,s ince nonf i r ing p e r s o n n e l a r e a l r e a d y employed on o t h e r p h a s e s ofa m m u n i t i o n s u p p l y. )

Malfunc t ions of "canned" p r i m e r s ca n be a lmos t e l imina ted i f

they a r e . kep t d ry and covered a t a l l t ime s when not in u s e . (CommandR e p o r t - 90th F A B n - M ay 53 )


DEFICIENCIES IN BLOOD RECIPIENT SET (STANDARD ITEM3 -103 -615'). - The type of d i s p o s a b l e , bloodrec ip ien t se t now in u s e{Stock N u m b e r 3-103-615} is s u b j e c t to the following objec t ions :

a . Supplementa l in jec t ions canno t be made th rough the p l a st ic tub ing wi thou t produc ing a l e a k .

b . Due to the conformi ty of the needle and of the adap tor,appos i t ion be tween needle and adap tor i s often poor and l eakage c o mm o n .

c . The ine las t i c i ty of the tubing m a k e s i t vi r tua l ly i m p o ss ib le to ob ta in a re f lux of blood upon s ta r t ing i n t r a v e n o u s t h e r a p y toa s c e r t a i n w h e t h ~ ro r not the need le l i es with in the l u m e n of the vein.

R e c o m m e n d t h a t the blood r e c i p i e n t s e t d e s c r i b e d above be r eplaced b y a type which will c o r r e c t the ob jec t ions l i s t e d . (CommandR e p o r t - 25 th Med B n - M ay 53 )

r O C A F F C o m m e n t : The def ic ienc ies in Standard I t em 3-103-615 ,BloodRec ip i en t Set , D i s p o s a b l e , a re known and e x p e r i m e n t a l w o r k i s inp r o g r e s s to c o r r e c t the de f i c i en c i e s . 7

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SURGICAL HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT AND PERSONNEL P R O BLEMS. - In field use , the Heidbrink appara tus i s super ior to theMcKesson appara tus in ra te of gas flow, durabi l i ty of macbine , p r e s ence of pop-off valve a t I I y l l piece to which mas k i s at tached and m o reeffect ive m a s k and heads t rap combinat ion. One outs tanding omiss ionin both machines is an e m e rg e n c y bypass f lush oxygen valve by whichthe rebrea th ing bag m ay be rapidly fil led with oxygen.

r OCAFF Comment : The tw o types of anes thes ia appara tus mee tthe mi l i t a ry cha rac t e r i s t ic s for this type e q u i p m e n t ~however th e mi l i

t a ry cha rac t e r i s t i c s a r e under s tudy witha

view to el iminat ing thediff icul t ies enumera t ed .7

P r e s e n t endot rachea l se t s are inadequate while the uti l izat ion ofone type of l a ryngoscope and on e type endot rachea l ca the te r i s bet te rthan nothing.- The presence of newer, m o r e adaptable l a ryngoscopesand newer types of plas t ic and thin wal l endot rachea l ca the t e r s makethe equipment now on hand obsolete and has resu l ted i:{l in fe r ior anest h e s i a .

r OCAFF Comment : New types of endot rachea l se t s a re beingstudied and the dec is ion on whether or not td uti l ize plas t ic i s expec tedin the ne a r future . /

The use of sma l l high pre s su re e l ec t r i c autoclaves for rap ids te r i l iza t ion would cut to a minimum the amount of wrapped s te r i lei n s t r umen t s on hand. Also the use of a smal l regular e lec t r ic autoclavewould serve to s te r i l ize a l l p a c k s . The pre sen t method of superhea teds team and drying by baking would be abol ished at a saving on l inens andrubber gloves. Also the safety fac tor in an e lec t r ic autoclave would bei nc r ea sed .

Th e rev is ion of ins t rument se t s to include basic requi rements

fo r the surgeons would be a saving. There i s an excess of unusedspec ia l ins t ruments and l ack of rout inely used i n s t r um en t s .

The addition to the T /O&E of a s m a l l overhead opera t ing lamp fo ruse o v e r the operat ing table i s recommended .

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Por tab le l ight meta l packing case s with col lapsible l egs wouldi nc r ea se the mobil i ty and proficiency of the unit .

r OCAFF Comment : The opinion of the Medical Boar d whichstudied packing case s w as tha t col lapsible l egs were too eas i ly b ro k e nand were. not prac t icab le . :7

The laundry, mobile , two- t r a i l e r type, stock #66-L-155 , shouldbe used in l i eu of l aundry uni t , por tab le , stock #66-L-3Z0. This l a t t e runit r equ i r e s to o much space , t ime , and l abo r to prepa re fo r movement .(Command Repor t - 47th Surg Hosp - M ay 53)

r O C A F F Comment : Laundry r equ i r emen t fo r th i s tY..fe of uniti s under rev iew and the two- t r a i l e r t y p ~will be c ons ide r ed . : /


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REPAIR O F BOOTS, COMBAT RUBBER, INSULATED ... Themethod author ized by the t echnica l manual for r epa i r of rubbe r footwearh as proved unsa t i s f ac to ry fo r r ubbe r insu la ted combat boo ts as thepa t ches do not prope r ly s ea l to the boot . To r emedy t h i s si tuat ion, ex ...

pe r imen t s were conducted using hot p a t ches . A j ig p r e s s , having s i mi l a r c h a r a c t e d s t i c s to a t i r e tube vulcanizing pre s s , w as manufac tured .The su r f ace around th e damaged a r e a was roughened by the use of a

wire b rush ; one coa t of r ubbe r c em en t was appl ied to the a r e a . theboot w as placed on the j ig p r e s s and a hot pa tch was appl ied to the damaged a rea ; the p r e s s w as t ightened down to i n s u r e prope r adhes ion tothe boot . th e magnes ium d isc on the patch w as ignited; and th e pa tchr ema ined p r e s s e d fo r ten minutes . This method has proved sa t i s fac .

t o ry.

R e c o m m e n d tha t OQMG· conduct a study to d e t e rm ine the m o s teff ic ien t method of repa i r ing th e rubber insu la ted combat boot . (Comm a n d Report . . : 55th Q M B a s e Depot .. May ?3 )


FUMIGATION OF WINTER CLOTHING ANQ EQUIPMENT. - Q uar"t e r m a s t e r clothing and equipment being r e t u rned f rom K o rea to Japani s requi red to be fumigated with methyl bromide pr io r to being evacuatedt o p r even t the sp r ead of any infect ious disease , l ice o r insec t tha t may

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have contamina ted the clothing. P o r t a b l e fumigat ion vaul ts have b e e nused to fumigate th i s clothing a t the rec lamat ion ins ta l l a t ion . Clothingwas removed f rom the c a r s , segrega ted , loaded on t r ucks and t aken toth e fumiga t ion a r e a th ree mi les away. There the clothing w as unloaded,fumiga ted , re loaded on t r u cks and t aken to the quayside where they wereloaded fo r sh ipment to J a p a n fo r d ry c lean ing . Under a new methodadopted, methyl b romide capsu les a re placed in the r a i l c a r s while thec a r s a r e i n the m a r s h a l l in g y a r d . T h u s , when the c a r s a r e moved tothe r a i l s iding, the fumigat ion p r o c e s s has been comple ted and i m m ediate f inal p r oce s s ing take s place .

Recommend tha t , in subsequen t si tuat ions requ i r ing fumigat ion,the clothing and equipment be fumigated while enrou te to the r e c l a m at ion ins ta l l a t ion by p lac ing methyl b romide capsu les in the r a i l c a r s a t

the t ime of sea l ing the c a r s a t the salvage col lect ing points . Thisprocedure will effe c t e conomie s in manpowe r and t r an spo r t a t i on . ( C o mm a n d Repor t - 55th QM Base Depot - May 53 ) .


US E O F SENTRY DOGS. - Three w a r - w e a r y scou t dogs of the26th In fan t ry Scout Dog Pla toon were u t i l i zed for augment ing thes ecu r i t y by u s e of " runn ing l e a sh es " a t tached to s tee l cab les anchoredin concre te , and loca ted so tha t the 'dogs can p a t r o l the en t i re length ofth e r a t i on i s sue a r e a . P r i o r to ut i l izat ion of the dogs , in t rus ions werea lmos t a night ly occur rence , de spi te a double - a p r o n ba rbed - wi r e fence,t r i p f la res and t h r e e walking sen t r i e s . Since the g u a r d dogs were employed, only a re la t ive ly fe w a t tempts to en t e r the supply po in t haveo c c u r r e d (on two occas ions , the a t tempted in t rus ions o ccu r r ed on nightswhen the guard dogs could not be used because of broken cab les o r" runn ing l e a shes " ) . Although sa t i s fac tory r e su l t s have been obtainedf rom the use of scou t dogs, s en t r y - t r a i ned guard dogs would probab lybe m o r e effec t ive .

Recommend tha t the T /O&E for the Quar t e rmas t e r Company bechanged to p rov ide a minimum of t en sen t ry dogs (dogs t r a i n ed to

accompany walking guards ) to be used to guard C l a s s I , C las s II I andClas s II and IV supply ·points. No addi t ional personne l will be r e q u i r e d ,a l though a t l e a s t four en l i s ted personne l should rece ive spec ia l t r a i n ing as dog handle rs and t r a i n e r s . (Command R e p o r t - 3d QM CoM ay 53 )

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r O C A F F C o m m e n t ; The u se of sen t ry dogs fo r guard ing supplyinsta l la t ionl? is cons idered sound; however. i t i s not cons idered d e s i r ..

able to include dogs in the T /O&E of this type uni t . When the si tuat ioni s such t h a t dogs c a n be u s e d they should be obtained a s C l a s s IV i t e m s . 7


USE O F E L E C T R I C F E N C E S AS A SECURITY MEASURE ATSERVICE CENTERS. - E l e c t r i c fences a re being, o r have been e r e c t e da t e a c h s e r v i c e c e n t e r to reduce the secur i ty p r o b l e m . The fencess e r v e a twofold p u r p o s e in keep ing unauthor ized p e r s o n n e l out ande l imina t ing ex i t f rom the s e r v i c e c e n t e r o t h e r than th rough au thor izedp a s s a g e s . No acc iden ts have o c c u r r e d a s a r e s u l t of u s i n g t h i s m e a n sto enhance s e c u r i t y. The low c o s t and effec t iveness have made e l e c t r i c

fencing the m o s t e c o n o m i c a l and des i rab le m e a n s of cur ta i l ing i l l ega le n t r i e s and ex i t s with t h e i r a t t endan t p i l f e r a g e s . (Command R e p o r t :.

5 0 l s t QM B n - M ay 53 ) .

r O C A F F C o m m e n t ; Secur i ty of s e r v i c e and supply ins ta l l a t ionsi s a con t inuous p r o b l e m in act ive t h e a t e r s . C o m m a n d e r s of se rv icetype uni t s m u s t prov ide s e c u r i t y f r o m s o u r c e s ava i l ab le to t h e m withouth a m p e r i n g th e p e r f o r m a n c e of t h e i r p r i m a r y miss ion . :}


DEFICIENCIES IN NEW M-SERIES l / 4 - T O N TRUCKS. - The newM - s e r i e s l / 4 - t o n t r u c k s a re not s tu rdy enough to absorb the cons tan tshak ing they r e c e i v e f r o m th e " w a s h b o a r d effe c t" on the s u r f a c e of d i r tr o a d s . T he cable connect ing the two 1 2 - v o l t ba t t e r i e s and the g e n e r a t o rcab le have b r o k e n while the veh ic les were in opera t ion . The b r a c k e tholding the s p a r e t i r e h as c r a c k e d and in m a n y c a s e s b r o k e n off. ( C o mm a n d R e p o r t - 2l2 th M P Co - M ay 53)

r O C A F F C o m m e n t : In format ion f rom Office , Chie f of Ordnanceind ica tes a stu.dy is be ing conduc ted to d e t e r m i n e m e a n s of c o r r e c t i n gthe above def ic ienc ie s .

A modi f ica t ion w o r k o r d e r concern ing s t reng then ing of th e s p a r et i r e b r a c k e t wil l be publ i shed in the n e a r future .7

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DEFICIENCiES IN M-SERIES VEHICLES. - Deficiencies r ep o r t edin the new M - ser ie s vehicle s include fai lure s of th e s p a r e t i re mountingbracket , windshield f r ame , and bat te ry cable on th e 1 /4 - ton utili tyt ruck" M38Al , c lu tch fa i lu res on the 5-ton t ruck , M4l , -and numerousshee t meta l fa i lu res on the 2- l /2 - . ton t ruck , M211 and 5- ton t ruck , M41.(Command Repor t - 60th O rd Gp - A pr 53)

r OCAFF Comment : See Comment , I tem No 39 .7


P R O B L E M S WITH TRUCK 1/4-TON, M 3 8 A l . - Inspec t ions haveind ica ted tha t a number of the M38AI vehic les have c r acked f r ames .Some of th i s may be due to the bad r oads i n K o rea . The t i re racks onthe r e a r of the vehicle s requi re constant r epa i r. This p rob l e m couldposs ib ly be e l imina ted i f bol t s were i s s u ed to hold the r ack in place .(Command Repor t - 5th Cav Regt - Apr 53)

r OCAFF Comment : See Comment , I tem No 3 9 .7


DEFENSIVE MEASURES FOR INDIVIDUAL TANKS. - P r e s e n t

c lose - in defens ive m e a s u r e s for individual tanks a re not adequate; tankguns cannot dep re s s enough to engage th e enemy a t close r a nges . Fi r ingweapons o r throwing hand grenade s f rom the t u r r e t have proven inef - ...

fect ive when a tank i s sur rounded by enemy infan t ry. Tanks f i r ing a teach other and the ut i l i za t ion of VT a r t i l l e ry f i re m ay be effec t ive ins o m e c a s e s , but f requen t ly t h e r e are dead spaces which m ay be t akenadvantage of by the enemy. I so la ted tanks m u s t re ly a l m os t en t i r e l yon f r i end ly a r t i l l e ry f i re fo r c lose- in pro tec t ion .

A r equ i r emen t ex i s t s fo r the deve lopment of a m e a n s of c lo se - inpro tec t ion of t anks aga ins t enemy ant i tank pe r sonne l . The device shouldhave the following cha rac t e r i s t i c s ~

a . Provide comple te a l l - r ou n d pro tec t ion of th e tank for a

dis tance of 25 ya rds .

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b . Be designed to p e r m i t re load ing f rom within the tankwithout exposing th e crew, and be capable of prov id ing protect ion fo ri n t e rmi t t en t per iods up to a to ta l of th ree hours .

c . D e v i c e should be simple and e a sy to maintain, and ins ta l led so tha t i t would not take up space in th e tank fighting compa r tment . (Command Repor t - E i g h t h A r m y - Dec 52 )


US E O F SMOKE POTS: A new method for the employment of thes m o k e pot (M4A2) w as used in conjunct ion with a " Ta n k Shoot" s tagedin P o r k Chop Valley.

A pro tec t ive sc r een was reques ted in this posi t ion fo r th e d e p a rtUre of the tanks as the m o s t vulnerab le pa r t of the t anks were exposedto e n e m y f i r e .

Five minutes p r i o r to depar t ing , 6 smoke pots w e r e igni ted togive this coverage .

The tank crews a l so igni ted 2 smoke po t s each and l e t them dropalongside of t anks , the reby increas ing the effect ivenes s of th e s m o k e .

The opera t ion prov ided suff ic ient coverage so the tanks could

l eave thea r e a

without being sub jec ted to e n e m y f i r e . (CommandRepor t - 71s t C m l (SG) Co - May 53 )

r O C A F F C o m m e n t : This opera t ion i s in conformi ty with doc t r ineand i l lus t ra te 5 the principle of using a r e a smoke to c o v e r assembly, o rganizat ion and in i t i a l dep loyment of f r iendly t r o o p s .

F o r l and opera t ions th e b e s t smoke pot i s the 30-pound M5 type,i f avai lable , r a t h e r than th e M4 which i s a floating type designed fo ruse in wa t e r. 7


SNIPERSCOPE BATTERIES. - Sniperscopes i s s u ed have been oftwo-types , M -2 and M - 3 . T h r e e types of ba t t e r i e s have-been i s s ue d(M..;l, M -2 and M-3) for use with these scopes . The M - l and 'M-2

12

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ba t t e r i e s a re not in te rchangeable with the M -3 ba t t e r i e s . Fu r the r, th eM-Z ba t t e ry r e cha rg ing racks wil l not take the M -3 ba t t e r i e s . Twicei n r ecen t months , M-Z r acks packed and l abe led as M -3 r acks have

been rece ived by a1rl i f t . Fi e ld exped ien t r e cha rg ing of M -3 sn ipe rscopes has been neces sa ry. However, l ack ing p r o p e r adapte r f i t t ings,the" methods neces sa ry a r e so complex as to r e q u i r e a cen t r a l faci l i ty.t igh t ly con t ro l led in o r d e r to r e cha rge bat ter ie .s without excess ivel o s se s f rom d a m a g e . This funct ion has been pe r fo r m e d with cons iderable succes s by an improv i s e d bat te ry r e c h a rg ing facility cons t ruc tedand ope ra t ed by maintena"nce sec t ion o f h e a d q u a r t e r s and s e r v i ce c ompany. However, much l o s s of th e u se of . sn iperscopes by using uni t sr e su l t ed p r i o r to th i s improvisa t ion , and unwarran ted t r ave l and t r ans ..po r t a t i on of ba t t e r i e s a r e nece s s a r y in th i s method of alle viat ing th i scr i t ic al s i tuat ion.

Recommend tha t on e type of sn iperscope be a d op t ed and i s sueduni formly to a l l infantry divis ions a t the ear l ie s t p rac t icab le date , andtha t in future de velopment of the sn iper scope , e very poss ib le e ffor t bemade to re ta in in te rchangeabi l i ty of pa r t s with older type s, par t icu lar lyba t t e r i e s and bat te ry r e cha rg i ng f a c i l i ti e s . (Command Repor t - 65th

•E n g r C m b t B n - M ay 53)

(RESTRICTEO) ITEM NO 45

US E OE. 7-TON UTILITY TRAILERS AS MOBILE SPARE PARTSTRAILERS. - Difficultie s have been encounte red in the col lect ion,s to r age and re ten t ion of serv iceable 2d eche lon engineer ~ n dordnancespa re p a r t s fo r suppor t of the l a rge number of vehicles and engineerequipment i t ems in the bat tal ion. As a r e su l t of ea c h move, c r i t i c a l 'spa re p a r t s were los t o r damaged beyond sa lvage . Excessi .ve de laysr e su l t ed while pa r t s were unloaded f rom any avai lable t r an s p o r t a t i o n a teach dest inat ion, so r t ed , and r e ad i e d for i s s u e . Recent ly, to r e t a ine s sen t i a l mobil i ty of the ba t ta l ion and to provide a m e a n s of overcomingt h e se ..d i ff icul t ies , tw o 7- ton uti l i ty t r a i l e r s , i s su ed fo r t r a n sp o r t a t i o n oft r uck -moun ted c r ane ex t r a a t tachments , were conver ted to l a rge mobilespa re p a r t s t r a i l e r s , on e e a c h for engineer an d ordnance p a r t s . Non

e s s en t i a l c r ane spa r e a t tachments were t u r n ed in . The re sul tant sav ingsin c r i t i ca l spa r e pa r t s plus th e abi l i ty to i s sue pa r t s immedia te ly uponreaching any des t ina t ion a re cons ide r e d ex t r eme l y valuable .

Recommend tha t Z t r uck o r t r a i l e r mounted vans containing necess a r y bins be provided in the T /O&E of the Engineer Combat Ba t ta l ion ,

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Divis iona l , fo r s t o r a g e and t r anspor ta t ion of e n g i n e e r and ordnances p a r e p a r t s . T h e s e vans should be w e a t h e r p r o o f and capable of p o s it ive s e c u r i t y f r o m pi l fe rage . (Command R e p o r t - 65th E n g r C m b t B n

M ay 53 )


NEED FO R I N T E R P R E T E R PERSONNEL IN T Y P E B UNITS.The language b a r r i e r s e e m s to be the g r e a t e s t p r o b l e m . The uni t h asa l lev ia ted th i s p r o b l e m somewhat th rough the in tegra t ion of E n g l i s hc l a s s e s in to the da i ly t r a in ing s c h e d u l e . F u r t h e r , a l l d r i l l i s given i n

E n g l i s h and the t r a i n e e l e a r n s abou t h is t r u c k , us ing the Elfgl ish n o m e nc l a t u r e . One civi l ian t r a n s l a t o r and one A r m y i n t e r p r e t e r a r e be ingut i l i zed to the fulle s t in t r aining and in b re ak ing down the languageb a r r i e r . T o t each p e r s o n n e l to d r ive and c a r e for a vehicle the s izeof a S - t o n d u m p t r u c k i s a s low pr 'ocess . Add to tha t the fact tha t noneof the s tuden t s e v e r drove any kind of vehicle b e f o r e . The only so lu t ionto th i s p r o b l e m i s long and de ta i l ed p r a c t i c a l e x e r c i s e on e v e r y phaseof dr iv ing f rom shif t ing g e a r s to main tenance respons ib i l i ty.

R e c o m m e n d t h a t Type B uni t s in the future be a u t h o r iz e d m o r ei n t e r p r e t e r p e r s o n n e l . (Command R e p o r t - 595th E n g r Co (Dump •Truck) (Type B) - M ay 53 )


CLEARING PAT H THROUGH A P MINE F I E L D . - A re la t ive lysa fe exped ien t me thod of c lear ing a p a t h th rough A p mine f ie lds wasd e v i s e d . The technique cons i s ted of fas ten ing two long b a r b e d w i r es t e e l picke t s to the nose of a b a n g a l o r e t o r p e d o . Working f rom a

t r ench , s u c c e s s i v e five foot sec t ions of b a n g a l o r e a r e added unt i l 80 ',to 10 0 a re ex tended . Th..e funct ion of the picke t s is to exp lode t r i p

mine s which migh t o the rwise cause p r e m a t u r e de tona t ion of the to rpedo .A f t e r de tona t ion of the b a n g a l o r e to rpedo , a c l e a r e d pa th two to fourf e e t wide i s ob ta ined fo r p a s s a g e of p a t r o l s . The f i r s t t ime the i m p r o

vised nose was used in an ac tua l opera t ioni t

w as s u c c e s s f u l in tha t i texp loded a mine without detonat ing the b a n g a l o r e to rpedo . Afte r thef i r s t opera t ion , f u r t h e r t e s t s r e s u l t e d in the picke t s be ing weldedtoge ther ins tead of l a shed , and the addi t ion of swep t back runnerS madef r o m 24" bol t s sa lvaged f r o m a m m u n i t i o n boxes . The r u n n e r s w e r ewelded to the f ron t p icke t to p r e v e n t the gooseneck nose f rom tu rn ing

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o n i t s s ide while the b a n g a l o r e was be ing pushed out . T h i s methodproved sa t i s fac tory and e l imina ted the danger inheren t in handr e m o v a l . (Command R e p o r t - 65th E n g r C m b t B n - M ay 53 )


DITCHING PROCEDURES. - Sect ions of road which w e r e boundedon e i t h e r o r bo th s ides of r i c e padd ies w e r e diff icul t to s tab i l i ze . T h i swas main ly due t o the cont inued ponding of w a t e r in the paddy and ther e suI t ing high w a t e r t a b l e . Afte r se v e r a l methods w e r e t r i e d , i t w asfound tha t combin ing a dike and di tch gave exce l len t r e s u l t s . A dike ofe a r t h i s bui l t i n the paddy p a r a l l e l to the l ine of the r o a d and a suff i c ien tdis tance away f r o m the shou lder to al low a t l e a s t a 3 ' x 3 ' di tch to be dug .SpOil f rom the di tch i s u s e d to bui ld up the dike . Th i s dike con ta ins the

w a t e r i n the paddy, and al lows the w a t e r in the subbase to flow out anda long the di tch a s run-off . Some e x t r e m e l y sof t r o a d h as b e e n s u c c e s s

ful ly d r a i n e d and s tab i l i zed by th i s me thod . (Command R e p o r t - 6Z dE n g r C o n s t B n - .May 53 )


ENEMY BOOBY TRAPS. - Immedia te ly a f t e r the r e c a p t u r e of outp o s t P o r k Chop e n g i n e e r s engaged in the recons t ruc t ion of defens ivepos i t ions d i scovered a booby t r a p in on e of the communica t ion t r e n c h e s .

The demol i t ion cons i s ted of twelve 1# b locks of T N T. The twof i r ing s y s t e m s e a c h c o n s i s te d of a none lec t r i c cap. t ime fuze. and a

f r i c t ion ign i to r. The t i m e fuze has a white covering on i t . The burn ingr a t e of th i s fuze i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y four seconds p e r inch .

The c h a rg e w as placed in the t r e n c h to give th e a p p e a r a n c e of a nabandoned s a t c h e l charge (see ske tch) . The charge w as par t ia l ly bur ieda s i t might conce ivab ly be by d e b r i s and e a r t h . One f i r ing sys tem w asly ing in an obvious pos i t ion a c r o s s the top. The second f i r ing s y s t e mw as bur ied , the pul l r ing a t t ached with communica t ion wire to f ixeds takes such tha t a m o v e m e n t of the charge would cause the de tona t ion

sequence to be in i t i a ted . (Command R e p o r t - 13th E n g r C m b t B nM a r 53)

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SKETCH OF BOOB Y TRAP

Fr i c t i onIgni tor

Stake

" ' - - l - - _ Caps

Time Fuze

_ _ Fr ic t ion Igni tor

C o m m a Wi r e

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(RESTRICTED)ITEM NO 50

ENEMY MINE TACTICS. - In ea r ly March , t anks of the 73d TankBat ta l ion s t r uck enemy m in es immedia te ly in f ron t of the M LR while ona t r a i l they had used numerous t im es before . The mine c lear ing ope rat ion which immedia te ly followed resu l ted in the discovery of four R u ss ian box m i n e s (TMD-B) . T h re e of these mines were blown in placean d the fourth r e cove red .

The r e cove red mine was in good condi t ion. The outside of themine showed only sl ight s igns of de t e r i o r a t i on . The meta l l ic fuze r ecove red f rom th i s mine w as f ree of r u s t o r other signs of pro longedexposure to the e l emen t s . The condi t ion of the mine . indicated i t hadnot been in the ground for m o r e than two months .

These enemy mines had been placed along, a known tank t r a i l andnot a c r o s s i t . Var ia t ions in th e rou te of advance, th rough a given a r e aa r e es sen t i a l to a succe s s fu l opera t ion . (Command Repor t - 13th E n g rC m b t Bn - Mar. 53)

(RESTRIC TED) ITEM NO 51

BUNKER P R O B L E M S . - The Mar ine bunker design provedinadequate to sa t i s fy the var ie ty of demands . To m ee t the r equ i r emen t s fo r CP, fighting, aid s ta t ion and opera t ions bunkers , a familyof bunkers was developed which uti l ized s tandard p a r t s . These p r o vided adequate pro tec t ion as wel l as space , and were adaptable tor ap id m a s s product ion.

T o f u r t he r speed up cons t ruc t ion , units were asked to s t anda rdize pr inc ipa l ly on two s i z e s , 11 ' x 18 ' fo r CP and aid s ta t ion use and8 ' x 8 ' for f ight ing and pe r s onne l use .

These bunkers were designed with s imi l a r pos t s , roof b e a m s andfooters . The s imple exped ien t of i n c r e a s i n g length of caps and furn ishing add i t iona l pos t s yielded a longer bunker.

During construct ion, the p r i m a r y problem encounte red w as theweigh t of r o o f b e a m s and p o s t s . I t was diff icul t , and requi red cons ide:a.·able manpower to t r anspo r t the p r e f a b r i c a t ed bunkers to forward

17~ " " , _ , , , _ . ~

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outpos t s . However, the pro tec t ion furnished upon comple t ion morethan off se t this hal"'dship. (Command R e p o r t - 65th E n g r Cmbt BnM ay 53 )


WEAKNESSES IN ORGANIZATION O F THE GROUND. - Pr inc ipa lw e a k n e s s e s a r e :

a . Limi ted s t rength prevents occupat ion of pos i t ions n e a rthe fo rward base of hi l l s to obtain the bes t f ie lds of f i re , espec ia l lyf lanking and graz ing f i re .

b . Many bunkers fo r au tomat ic weapons a re not we!1. designed;fe w a re s i t ed or employed to provide f i re to f lanks. Genera l ly they a reused only to f i re to the f ron t . Rare ly a re they dug down so tha t the n o rm a l s lope of the t e r r a i n can be re 's tored upon comple t ion . As a r e s u l t ,m o s t bunkers have a dis t inc t profi le and consequent ly offer choice t a r

ge ts fo r enemy des t ruc t ion .

c . Tr e n c h e s vary f rom shal low to to o deep . Many have longs t r a i g h t sect ions that i n c r ea s e the haza r d s f rom enfi lade fi1"e in c l o s ein f ight ing. Very few have overhead cover excep t a t points w h e r e f ighting or s leep ing bunkers join. Many of p rop e r depth (6 1 to 6-1 /2 1) cont a in no f i r ing s t eps . In m o s t case 's , no effor t has been made to c o v e r

sandbags wi th na tura l ea r th to improve concea lment . Few t r enche sex i s t on the r e v e r s e slopes; thus t h e r e i s a l ack of secondary f i r ingposi t ions to the f lanks and r e a r .

d. Fight ing bunkers , in addi t ion to many s t ruc tu ra l weak ..

nesses" a re f requen t ly loca ted so that they give a false sense of s e cur i ty fo r c lose- in fighting and become dea th t r aps . This a l so appl ie s tot1;le numerous sleeping bunkers which a r e in tegra ted with the fightingt r enches .

e . ' Pro t ec t i ve wire needs improvement . The m o s t c o m m o n

w e a k n e s s e s a re : (1) Fa i lu r e to r epa i r ex is t ing wi re , (2) Insuff ic ientnumber.o f bands of wire , (3 ) Outside band within grenade range oft r e n c h e s and (4 ) Dependence on concer t ina r a the r than s ingle anddouble - a p r o n fence .

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f . Communica t ion wire i s inV"ariably poor, du e to fa i lure tob u r y i t in t r e n c h e s and a p p r o a c h e s . This c a u s e s g e n e r a l fai lure of wirecommunica t ions dur ing a t t a c k s and i s highly waste fu l .

g . The c o n c e a l m e n t effor t has been inadequa te , and fa r belowtha t of th e e n e m y i n qua l i ty. Many ins ta l l a t ions a r e openly exposed to th ef ront ; o t h e r s a r e poor ly camouf laged . There has been l i t t l e o r no a t t e m p tto p r e p a r e d u m m y pos i t ions .

h . Minef ie lds a r e i m p r o p e r l y r e c o r d e d . Apparen t ly s u cc e s s i v e uni t s have placed m i n e s without insur ing tha t loca t ions w e r ep rec i s e ly plot ted and made known to re l i ev ing t r o o p s . E n e m y f i re h a sfu r ther u p s e t s u c h lo c a t i o n s . In consequence , nl ines a r e no w c o n s i de r e d to be m o r e h a z a r d o u s to f r i end ly f o r c e s than to the enemy, and

t h e r e i s a re luc tance to la y addi t ional on e s .

T he e s s e n c e of improv ing th e t echn iques in this f ie ld revo lvesa;round the following points , wi th due cons idera t ion fo r avai lable un i t s ,m a n p o w e r and f i repower :

a . Carefu l se lec t ion and deve lopment of pos i t ions , b a s e d onthorough s tudy 'o f o b s e ~ v a t i o n ,f ie ld of f i re , concea lment , obs tac le s' andc o m m u n i c a t i o n s . Deve, lopment of pos i t ions fo r ac tua l a l l - a r o u n d d e f e n s e .

b . B r o k e n t r e n c h t r a c e s to m i n i m i z e a r t i l l e r y and s m a l la r m s enfi lading f i re . F r e q u e n t c o v e r e d s e c t io n s of t r e n c h and s h e l t e r sto p e r m i t cover f rom e n e m y m o r t a r and a r t i l l e r y f i re on pos i t ions .Adequa te dep th to t r enche s , ins ta l l a t ion of f i r ing s t e p s , and re s to ra t ionof n a t u r a l e a r t h and s lope s insofa r as p r a c t i c a b l e .

c . Sight ings of au tomat ic weapons to th e f lanks for m a x i m u meffec t to provide f inal protect ive f i re and m a x i m u m coverage of i n t e r

vening t e r r a i n .

d . Con's t ruct ion of p r o p e r l y des igned b u n k e r s to m i n i m i z eany changes to con tours o r prof i l e of n a t u r a l t e r r a i n .

e . Separa t ion of s leeping (l iving) bunkers to reduce absenceof m e n f r o m f i ri n g pos i t ions dur ing p e r i o d s of c lose combat .

f . Loca t ion of protect ive wi re beyond grenade t h rowingd i s t a n c e and with due r e g a r d to be s t f inal protect ive l ine of au tomat ic

19

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weapons. Wire mus t cons i s t of mult iple bands of single o r double-apronfence i n t e r spe r sed with f la res and when prac t icab le , personnel mines .

g . Careful ly se lec ted emplacements for search l igh ts , an t ia i r c ra f t and antitank (tank) weapons . Dummy emplacements a re alsodes i r ab l e .

approach .h . Well def i laded communicat ions t renches an d rou tes of

i . Bur ied o r sandbagged wire l ine s .

j . Good dis t r ibu t ion and s torage of a l l types of ammunit ionand essent ia l suppl ies .

k . Reasonable sani ta ry a r rangements .

1. Improvemen t of concealment , camouflage, an d d i sp e r s i on .

m . F u r t h e r effort to r eco rd exist ing mine f ie lds .

n . Continuing and sys temat ica l ly planned improvement of a llpos i t ions .

Recommend tha t expanded ins t ruc t ion in th e techniques of organ

i za t ion of the ground be inst i tuted a t appropr ia te s e rv i ce schools . Newlya r r ived off icers give l i t t le evidence of being well-grounded in th i s subj e c t and state that they have rece ived minimum ins t ruc t ion in th i s subjec t ' a t serv ice schools . (Command Repor t - 7th In f D i v .. M ar 53)

r OCAFF Comment : Let te r, ATTNG-24 353/151(1 Ju l 53).OCAFF, 7 July 1953, subject : "Model Defensive Pos i t i ons , " s t r e s s e s

th e main points enumera ted above and adds the requi rement tha t modeldefensive posi t ions be buil t a t each ins ta l la t ion where infantry, a rmored ,a r t i l l e ry, o r engineer rep lacements a re being t ra ined , where G ene ra lReserve Divisions o r RCT ' s a re stat ioned, an d at The Infantry, Armored ,

Art i l le ryand

Eng inee r Schools. Ins t ruc t ionin

prope rmethods of con- .

s t ruc t ion and uti l izat ion of defensive posi t ions wil l be included in a p p ropr ia te s e rv i ce school cour se s . 7

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PLASTIC BAGS USED AS EXPEDIENT WITH AN/PRC-IORADIOS. - Dur ing u se of th e AN!PRC-IO in the r ice paddies and ra inywea the r i t w as found tha t by covering the to p of the se t an d the handse twith plas t ic bags , which b a t t e r i e s come in , i t is poss ib le to keep thewate r and dampness out of these i t e ms and so keep th e se t ~ n opera t ion .The handse t -works per fec t ly through th e plas t ic bag . (Command R e p or t ..

49th F A B n - M ar 53)


US E O F AA A AUTOMATIC WEAPONS IN GROUND S U P P O RT.M - 1 6 ' s w e r e uti l ized for pat ro l s u p p o r t . ' When employed in th i s ro le ,

. the squad l e ade r of the M-16 was in cons tan t communicat ion with a

F A forward obse rve r who, in tu rn , w as in communica t ion with th epa t ro l l e ade r. The quad 50, M-16 was then able ' to prov ide cover ingf i re fo r th e pa t ro l by f i r ing sporad ic overhead bur s t s with f i re shif t inga t the d i r ec t i on of th e pat ro l l eade r. (Command R e p or t - 3d AAAAW Bn (SP) - M ay 53)


VERSATILITY OF AAA AUTOMA TIC WEAPONS IN THE GROUNDR O L E . - A pos i t ion w as r equ i r ed from which a .5 0 ca l machine guncould f i re on the Sta r Hill group a t a range of approximate ly 6 ,000 y a r d sSO tha t the prope r plunging effect could be obtained. Hil l 430 s a t i s f i e dthe r equ i r emen t s since the range to the Star Hill group was 5,900 ya rds ,and th i s m e m b e r of the group could be seen f rom the pos i t ion . I t w asthen poss ib le to del iver d i r e c t . 50 ca l machine gun f i re which would havea n angle of fal l of 611. 3 mi l s as comp ar e d with the angle of fa l l of 116 .3mi l s a t a range of 2,800 ya rds . Another advantage of employ ing th i stype of f i re i s th e fact that a m u c h l a rg e r a r e a is cove r e d due to the d i s

pe r s ion of the rounds a t ne a r maximum r ange . A ta

range of 5 ,900ya rds the 82% bea ten zone of a .5 0 ca l machine gun i s 11 4 ya rds longand 15 ya rds wide a s compar e d with a bea ten zone of 76 y a r d s long and5 ya rds wide a t a range of 2, 800 y a r d s . With this . dispers ion i t wasfound tha t by f i r ing a l l four guns of the M-16 at , the top of Star i t w asposs ib le to h i t the t r enche s on both the fo rward and r e a r s lopes with oneb u r s t . (Command Repor t - 3d AA A A W Bn (SP) - May 53)

21

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- - - - -~ " " , f. . . . t C ~ . . . .

w;...NCLASS\F\ED

r OCAFF Comment : This employment of M-16 ' s i s a good e x a mple of the ve r sa t i l i t y of AAA automatic weapons in a ground suppor t ro l e .The high angle of fa l l and i nc r ea sed d i spe r s ion of the M-16 a t ne a r m a x

imum range were used to advantage in a t tack ing enemy t r enches on bothf o rwa rd and r e a r r idge s lope s .7


INDIVIDUAL ROTATION IMPACT ON INFANTRY REGT. - Thecons tan t s t ruggle to main ta in the bas ic t ac t ica l e l emen t impa i r s theeff iciency of the unit as a whole. Only cons tan t r e t r a i n i n g , r epe t it ion of effor t , and correc t ion will keep the u n i t ' s s t anda r d un an evenplane . The no rma l p rob l em s of control , operat ion, t e ~ r a i n ,and season ,which ordinar i ly a re so lved by t ra in ing and e x p e r i e : r i c e ~a re never c o mple te ly se t t l ed . The bas ic t e a m, the squad o r tank crew, by the t ime i t

h as been t ra ined and has l earned by exper ience to surmount obs tac les ,i s b roken up by individual ro ta t ion . Thus , the m a jo r unit m u s t r e tu rnto i t s e l emen ta ry goal and r e fo rm ins tead of p r og re ss ing forward tothe next higher l eve l of eff iciency. (Command Repor t - 224th In f RegtMay 53)

r O C A F F C o m m e n t : The implementa t ion of the ove r sea f ou rm an t eam r ep l acemen t sy s t em fo r in fan t ry (S R 600-150-10) shouldr educ e many of the p rob l e ms "created by i n d i v i d u ~ lro ta t ion in in fan t ryr eg imen t s . The infantry r i f le platoon packe t r ep l a cem en t s y s t e m willbe in i t i a ted on an expe r imen t a l bas is a t F o r t Jackson, SC , in the n ea rfu ture . 7


ACCRUED LEAVE. - Recommend tha t Depa r tmen t of the A r m yes t ab l i sh a policy in r e g a r d to l o s s of leave t ime fo r personnel se rv ingin Korea and e lsewhere who a re not p e rmi t t e d to take advantage ofaccumula ted l eave . Leave accumula ted under these condi t ions shouldbe permi t ted to acc rue beyond sixty days so that an individual wil l not

be"made to suffer loss of leave, or e l se a moneta ry ad jus tment shouldbe made . (Command Repor t - 3d TMRS - D ec 52)

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vt-" 'nld; . . . . . . ' - '

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UNFUSED NAPALM IGNITION WITH ARTILLERY DELIVEREDW P . - One planned opera t ion was to uti l ize unfused napa lm to sa tura tea n e n e m y posi t ion and then i g ~ i t e ,i t ,wgh white phosphorus m o r t a r anda r t i l l e r y f i r e . This , in conjuhct ioh 'with psychological w a r f a r e b r o a dcas t s , was to be used for the purpose o (ob ta in ing pr i sone r s . ( C o mmand Repor t - 7th Div Arty - M a r 53 )


SEARCHLIGHT FOR TARGET DESIGNATION FO R NIGHT CLOSEAIR S U P P O RT. - An exper iment was conducted by the 1 st Marine Div is ion in the use of search l igh ts ,for designat ion of t a rg e t s fo r v i sua l nightc lose a i r s u p p o r t as follows: .

Two 24- inch search l igp ts , f rom pos i t ions surveyed in to prov ide"on -ca l l " l ight . were beamed to i n t e r s e c t on a t a rg e t a t an angle ofabou t 1600 m i l s . An L-19 c a r r i e d the a i rborne cont ro l le r, an a r t i l l e ryFO , who rap id ly ad jus ted th e b e a m s . The cont ro l le r ident i f ied the t a r ge t to a fl ight of two F 7 F a i r c r a f t flown by pilots who were exper iencedin night flying t echn iques .

The a i r c r a f t at tacked f rom 6000 ft al t i tude on a gl ide angle of35-40 deg ree s , approach ing the t a rg e t down on e of the b e a m s , andpul l ing out a t abou t 2,000 f t above the t a rge t . The b e a m over which thea t tack w as made i l lumina ted dangerous t e r r a i n beyond, and the c r o s s beam prov ided a hor izon r e f e r ence . I t was found that r eve r se s lopescould be a t tacked success fu l ly when the fo rward slope was i l lumina ted .Flak s u p p r e s s i o n w as f i red by ar t i l l e ry as for a dayl ight m i s s i o n .

The ove r- a l l effec t iveness w as equal to dayl ight visual bombing,and t a rge t ident i f icat ion was more posi t ive than c u r r e n t dayl ight methods .Some diff icul t ies were encountered with the improvised communica t ionswhich l inked FSCC,

con t ro l l e r, .and search l igh ts . While m u c h r e m a i n s

to be developed, this technique for n ight close a i r suppor t i s en t i re lyworkab le and offe 'rs to extend grea t ly the effect ivene ss of a i r - g r o u n dopel"ations. (Eighth A r m y A r t y Info Bullet in No 6 - June 53 )

23

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SAFETY'TESTS - PORTABLE FLAME THROWER. - A natura lfear of mos t pe r sonne l who use the por tab le f lame t h rower i n combati s that they wil l be ser ious ly burned or k i l l ed i f a bullet , par t icu lar lyt r a c e r , or she l l f ragment should penet ra te the fuel tank while thef lame t h rower i s on t hepe r son1s back. To determine what would happ en in the event of such a penet ra t ion a t e s t was made of a m ix ofnapalm thickened fuel and two cans f i l led with l iqUid gaso l ine . Sev e r a lhundred rounds of .30 ca l bal l and t r a c e r ammuni t ion were f i red a tthese cans f rom a machine gun a t a range of approximate ly 30 0 ya rds .

Penet ra t ions of b o ~ hcans with both types of ammunit ion were obtained.No igni t ion of e i ther napalm fuel o r l iquid gasol ine was obtained whichindicate s tha t a f lame t h ro w er o p e ra t o r would be safe a s f a r a s f i re .

i s concerned i f the f lame t h rowe r fuel t anks were penet ra ted by b a l lo r t r a c e r ammun i t i on o r she l l f r a gmen t s . (Command Repor t - X C o rps -

Jan 53 )

r OCAFF Comment : Chemica l t e s t s show tha t there i s no grea tdange ; - to the w e a r e r i f the fuel tanks a re rup tured pr io r to being p r e s su r i zed . I f a ruptUre occurs , the f lame th rower should be discardeda t once in orde r to p reven t th e w e a r e r f rom becoming wet with fuelwhich could be igni ted -from t r a c e r s o r other f lame t h rower s . Ruptureof the fuel tanks af te r being pres su r i zed inc reases the haza;rd sl ight lybecause the fuel tends to spray an d igni tes mor e eas i ly. Danger f romf l ame because of rup ture of the p re s su re bottle i s highly r e m o t e . Thereis more danger because of rup ture of the highly s t r e s s ed s tee l . 7

L I B R A R Y

SEP 291953

ARMY WAR COLLEGE

.2 4".

Documents

Korean War Dissemination of Combat Info 10 Sept 53