Kingdom Protista

Protists

Can be divided into plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like groups

Important members of the phytoplankton and zooplankton

We will concentrate on plant-like and animal-like

Plant-like Protists

Algae Aquatic (freshwater or marine)

Found anywhere you find tiny drops of water Photosynthetic Cell walls containing cellulose Can be green, red or brown

Color reflects concentration of pigments in chloroplasts

Diatoms Dinoflagellates

Green Algae

Phylum Chlorophyta Majority live in freshwater Reproduce asexually and sexually Most unicellular Ex: Sea Lettuce (Ulva)

Marine algae Resembles a large leaf of lettuce Reproduces sexually

Red Algae Phylum Rhodophyta Primarily marine, found in warm oceans Red pigment masks green color of

chlorophyll Can grow on rocks and other algae & plants Some can be parasitic Important uses:

Agar-used for culture media for growing bacteria Irish moss-used to make a type of pudding Porphyra-used to make sushi, soups, seasonings

Brown Algae

Phylum Phaeophyta Marine, found in cooler water & along shores Yellow pigment masks green chlorophyll Can be microscopic to 100 meters in size Reproduce sexually Ex: rockweed, kelp Important uses:

Algin-used in cosmetics & food industry Iodine- concentrated in kelp tissues, harvested

for table salt

Diatoms

Phylum Bacillariophyta Unicellular Microscopic Freshwater & marine Mainly reproduce asexually, reproduce

sexually when reach a certain size Provide much of the world’s oxygen Yellow pigments that mask chlorophyll

Cell walls formed by double shell, 2 halves (frustules) fit together like box Shell made of silica (glass-like material)

Can’t be decomposed and recycled by bacteria

Shells accumulate on bottom of sea, may form sedimentary rocks & deposits called diatomaceous earth

Deposits mined & used for swimming pool filters, silver polish, toothpaste

Dinoflagellates

Phylum Pyrrophyta Unicellular Armored in stiff cellulose walls 2 flagella used in locomotion Contain chlorophyll Reproduce asexually Some produce powerful toxins, are

parasites, or symbionts

Animal-Like Protists

Known as Protozoa Mostly heterotrophic Abundant in damp soil, fresh, and

marine water Include: Amoeba, Foraminiferans,

Paramecium, Radiolarians

Amoebas

Unicellular Found in mud & sandy bottoms of

marine habitats Move by pseudopodia- “false foot”,

push forward in finger-like projections of cytoplasm Use to surround & engulf prey

Reproduce by binary fission

Foraminiferans

Shelled amoebas Shell made of calcium chloride, has many

chambers Many small openings through which pseudopodia

project Marine Reproduce sexually & asexually Shells of dead foraminiferans make up

special sediments Some is brought to surface & forms chalk deposits

Ex: White Cliffs of Dover, English Channel

Radiolarians

Shells made of silica Small openings w/ pseudopodia

projecting outward Reproduce sexually Marine

Live throughout the different zones of the oceans

Paramecium

Phylum Ciliophora Unicellular Marine & freshwater Distinct anterior & posterior ends Move by cilia

Short, whip-like extensions that beat in rhythm