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KINGDOM PROTISTA
Plant-like- Algae
Animal-like- Protozoa
Fungi-like- Slime Molds
PHYLUM CHOROPHYTA(GREEN ALGAE)
GREEN ALGAE
• CHLAMYDOMONAS• Movement- two flagella
(swimming type motion)• Pyrenoid- synthesizes starch• Red eyespot• Chloroplasts• Sexual and asexual
reproduction• Cell wall
• SPIROGYRA• End-to-end chains of cells or
filaments• Attach to rocks and other
objects• Ponds and streams• Ribbonlike appearance• Sexual reproduction-
conjugation• Chloroplasts
CONTINUED GREEN ALGAE
• ULVA (sea lettuce)• Chlorophyll a and b• Stores reserve food as starch• Thallus- body of two cells thick• Alternation of generation- next generation identical copies
VOLVOX
• Well-known colonial green algae
• Hollow sphere with thousands of cells with watery interior
• Cells cooperate with flagella beating in a coordinative fashion
• Asexual reproduction
• Daughter colony resides within the parent colony for a time
PHYLUM RHODOPHYTA(RED ALGAE)
RED ALGAE
• GRACILARIA AND GELIDIUM• Ocean habitat• Simple filaments to complex branches with feathery, flat
ribbon-like appearance• Commercially- agar, vitamins, drugs, dental impressions,
cosmetics• Red in color• Agar for growing bacteria cultures• Gelatin for jams and jellies
PHYLUM PHAEOPHYTA(BROWN ALGAE)
BROWN ALGAE
• LAMINARIA (KELP)• Largest sea weed in ocean• Holdfasts- holds kelp to ocean
floor• Bladder- allows blades to float
to ocean surface• Chlorophylls a and c• Commercially- human food,
fertilizers, ice cream, sherbet, cream cheese
• Other types:• Macrocystis• Fucus
PHYLUM CHRYSOPHYTA
• DIATOMS• Some golden-brown algae and
some yellow-green algae
• Freshwater and marine environments
• Resemble hat box (two part shell- top and a bottom)
• Asexual and sexual reproduction
• Cell wall of silica (commonly used to make glass)
• Diatomaceous earth- remains of diatoms on the ocean floor
• Commercially- filters, polishes, toothpaste, soundproof materials
PHYLUM PYRROPHYTA(DINOFLAGELLATES)
• Chlorophylls a and c
• Yellow-green and some brown
• Locomotion- Two flagella
• Bioluminescence (produces light)
• Food for small animals in ocean
• Some lack chloroplasts and are heterotrophic
• Overpopulation can cause “Red Tide” (gives the appearance of the water appearing red) which can cause massive fish kills
• Humans who consume shellfish that have fed during Red Tide can get ill from toxic poisons
PHYLUM EUGLENOPHYTA(EUGLENA)
• Some autotrophs and some heterotrophs (no chloroplasts)
• Locomotion- flagella• Eyespot to sense light• Ponds and ditches• Some photosynthetic• Contractile vacuoles • Nucleus
PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGOPHORA(ZOOFLAGELLATES)
• Heterotrophic protozoans• Some parasitic-
Trypanosoma transmit African Sleeping Sickness as the tsetse fly becomes the carrier
• Disease causes infection of WBCs and inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain
PHYLUM CILIOPHORA(CILIATES)
PARAMECIUM
• Phylum Ciliophora• Locomotion- cilia• Free living/ no diseases• Found in ditches and ponds• Trichocysts- oval capsule
under the pellicle• Food and contractile vacuoles• Oral groove and gullet• Binary fission/conjugation• Macro- and micronuclei
STENTOR
• PHYLUM CILIOPHORA• Vase-shaped • Expands to consume
paramecium• Cilia lines the top
PHYLUM RHIZODOPA(AMOEBA)
• Locomotion- pseudopod• Phagocytosis• Most common- amoeba
proteus• Food and contractile vacuole• Nucleus• Cytoplasm in plasma
membrane• Entamoeba histolytica- lives in
human intestines and causes amoebic dysentery (can be fatal)
PHYLUM ACTINOPODA(FORAMINIFERAS)
• Made of calcium carbonate • Multi-chambered• Locomotion-Pseudopod• Dead foraminiferas collect on
the bottom of the ocean floor and are indicators of oil deposits
• Millions of years ago they collected and formed the White Cliffs of Dover in England
• Some found in pyramids the size of silver dollars
• Some also found in Mississippi
PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA(SPOROZOANS)
PLASMODIUM
• Immovable except by host• Causes malaria• Life cycle alternates sexual and asexual phases• Anopheles mosquitoes are the carriers• Release toxic substances into the blood that
invade the red blood cells• Replicate in red blood cells and burst open • Symptoms: fever, chills
Pneumocystic carinii
• Type of pneumonia seen in AIDS patients
• Cysts form in lining of air sacs
• Cysts containing spores divide until bursts open and spores released
SLIME MOLDS
• PHYLUM MYXOMYCOTA
• Sporangium- reproductive structure that produces spores
• Feed on phagocytic decaying plants in forest areas or agricultural fields
• Spores can survive dry areas until moisture is sufficient for them to germinate
• Reproduces with spores
• PHYLUM ACRASIOMYCOTA
• Common in soil where they feed on bacteria and yeasts
• Pseudoplasmodium• Reproduces with spores