Kingdom Protista: Part 2

Photosynthetic Phyla (the algae)

• Myzozoa- dinoflagellates.• Euglenozoa- euglenoids.• Cryptophyta- cryptomonads.• Haptophyta- haptophytes.• Chlorophyta- green algae.• Rhodophyta- red algae.• Heterokontophyta- heterokont algae.

– Phaeophyceae- brown algae.– Chrysophyceae- golden-brown algae.– Bacillariophyceae- diatoms.

Cryptophyta- cryptomonads

• Characteristics– Unicellular.– Chlorophylls A & C, phycobilins.– Food reserve- starch within 2 chloroplast

membranes.– Thylakoids in 2.– Eukaryotic nucleus.– 2 flagella, both with hairs (dbl. & single).– No cell wall, proteinaceous periplast

plates.• Habitat- marine & freshwater.• 200 species.• Examples- Cryptomonas.

Haptophyta- haptophytes

• Characteristics– Unicellular.– Chlorophylls A & C, fucoxanthin.– Food reserve- chrysolaminarin in

vesicles.– Thylakoids in 3.– Eukaryotic nucleus.– 2 whiplash flagella and 1 haptonema.– No cell wall, covered with scales of

cellulose or calcium carbonate.

• Habitat- marine & freshwater.• 300 species.• Examples- Prymnesium &

Phaeocystis.

Chlorophyta- green algae

• Characteristics– Unicellular and multicellular.– Chlorophylls A & B, carotenoids.– Food reserve- starch in chloroplast.– Thylakoids in 3-6.– Eukaryotic nucleus.– Highly variable; 0, 2, 4, multi-

flagellated; whiplash when present.– Cell wall cellulosic.

• Habitat- marine & freshwater.• 17,000 species.• Examples- Ulva, Codium,

Chlorella, Volvox, Chara, Chlamydomonas, Closterium.

Charales- Coleochaete

Rhodophyta- red algae

• Characteristics– Multicellular.– Chlorophylls A & D, phycobilins.– Food reserve- floridean starch in

cytoplasm.– Thylakoids occur singly.– Eukaryotic nucleus.– No flagella.– Pit connections.– Cell wall with cellulose & galactans.

• Habitat- marine & freshwater.• 6,000 species.• Examples- Polysiphonia, Porphyra,

Batrachospermum, Corallina.

Heterokontophyta- heterokonts

Phaeophyceae- brown algae• Characteristics

– Multicellular.– Chlorophylls A & C, fucoxanthin.– Food reserve- mannitol &

laminarin in sac.– Thylakoids in 3.– Eukaryotic nucleus.– 2 flagella, 1 tinsel & 1 whiplash.– Cell wall cellulosic with alginate.

• Habitat- marine.• 2,000 species.• Examples- Fucus, Macrocystis,

Laminaria, Nereocystis, Ectocarpus, Sargassum.

Chrysophyceae- golden-brown algae

• Characteristics– Unicellular, colonial.– Chlorophylls A & C, fucoxanthin.– Food reserve- chrysolaminarin in

vesicle.– Thylakoids in 3.– Eukaryotic nucleus.– Most= 2 flagella, 1 tinsel & 1

whiplash.– Cell wall cellulosic, silica, or none.

• Habitat- marine and freshwater.• 1,000 species.• Examples- Dinobryon, Synura.

Bacillariophyceae- diatoms

• Characteristics– Unicellular, colonial.– Chlorophylls A & C, fucoxanthin.– Food reserve- chrysolaminarin in vesicles.– Thylakoids in 3.– Eukaryotic nucleus.– No flagella, or 1 tinsel on male gamete.– Cell wall is silica and made of 2 frustules.

• Habitat- marine and freshwater.• 100,000 species.• Examples- Acnanthes, Bacillaria,

Licmophora, Navicula, Coscinodiscus.

Frustule Morphology