REGIONAL COPPER-NICKEL STUDY

LAKE PHYTOPLANKTON\

Minnesota Environmental Quality BoardRegional Copper-Nickel Study

Authors: David Z. Gerhartl~ ,

Nancy S. SatherJudith E. Baxter

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This document is made available electronically by the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library as part of an ongoing digital archiving project. http://www.leg.state.mn.us/lrl/lrl.asp

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLES AND FIGURES LIST

ABSTRACT '

INTRODUCTION TO THE REGIONAL COPPER-NICKEL STUDY

INTRODUCTION

METHODSStudy AreaMethods for Stratigraphic Analyses

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: SURFACE WATER SAMPLESWater ChemistryPhytoplankton Cell Counts

Dominance and diversity of algal groupCharacteristic algaeIndicator species

Comparisons With Other Regional Lake Studies

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF FOUR LAKESPollenDiatoms

Comparison of water and surface sediment samplesPresent status of the four lakesStratigraphy

SUMMARY

REFERENCES CITED

FIGURES

TABLES

APPENDIX A--Tables of abundance of dominant taxa ~n summerand October samples, 1976 and 1977.

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447

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1111131516

191920202122

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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

PAGE

Figure 1.Figure 2.Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Aquatic biology' lake study sites.Stratigraphic position of samples analyzed.Classification of study lakes based on totalphosphorus concentration.Comparison of surface sediment samples withaverage composition of water samples, based onpercent of all frustules belonging to dominanttaxa. .

Figure 5. Stratigraphy of selected dominant diatom taxain four study lakes.

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Table 1.Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Table 6.Table 7.

Table 8.

Table 9.

Table 10.

Table 11.

Table 12.

Frequency of collection of phytoplankton samples. 33Physical and chemical characteristics of lakessampled biologically and reasons for sampling. 34Physical and chemical characteristics of StudyArea lakes. 36Lake groups based on total organic carbon andcolor. 37Lake groups based on summertime measurements ofchlorDphyll a. 38Thermal stratification of Study Area lakes, 1976. 39Chlorophyll a concentrations (ug/l) in primarylakes, 1976.- 40Dominance for algal groups in summer samples fromStudy Area lakes. 41Phytoplankton species diversity (number of speciesobserved) in Study Area lakes, summer samples,1976 and 1977. 42Characteristic phytoplankton algae of StudyArea lakes. 43Proportion of diatoms in surface water phytoplanktonand proportion of dominants within diatom samples. 44Summary of percentages of planktonic and benthicspecies contributed by the top ten diatoms insurface sediment samples. 45

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ABSTRACT

A survey of the phytoplankton commun1t1es in 25 lakes of northeasternMinnesota was conducted as a part of the Minnesota Regional Copper-Nickel,Study in 1976 and 1977. The lakes fall into relatively narrow ranges ofconductivity (26-153 umhos/cm), total alkalinity (8-71 mg/l CaC03), andhardness (10-81 mg/l). As a group they are highly colored and contain con­siderable amounts of dissolved organic matter. Measurements of chlorophyll~ and total phosphorus indicated that most are mesotrophic or eutrophic.

Summer phytoplankton samples were almost always dominated by the Cyanophyta,Chrysophyta, or Bacillariophyta. Even the most oligotrophic of the lakeswere occasionally dominated by the Cyanophyta. Seasonal patterns of domi­nancewere quite variable not only from lake to lake, but within the samelake from year to year. With few exceptions, the Bacillariophyta was themost diverse group, followed by the Chlorophyta and then the Cyanophyta. Asmany as 40 to 50 species of diatoms were identified in one lake on one date.The Cryptophyta, Pyrrhophyta, and Euglenophyta were the least diverse of thealgal groups and were never numerically dominant. There are clear differen­ces between these phytoplankton communities and those of the ExperimentalLakes Area of northwestern Ontario.

Phytoplankton species composition was remarkably similar in the study lakes.A group of "characteristic species" was identified based on their frequencyof occurrence in the samples. These were: Bacillariophyta-Asterionellaformosa, Cyclotella bodanica, Fragilaria crotonensis, Melosira ambigua, M.distans, Nitzschia sp., Tabellaria fenestrata; Chlorophyta-Ankistrodesmusfalcatus, Botryococcus Braunii, Oocystis sp.; Cyanophyta-Agmenellumquadruplicatum, Aphanocapsa delicatissima, Coelosphaerium Kuetzingianum;Chrys9phyta-Dinobryon bavaricum, D. divergens, D. sertularia var.protuberans; Cryptophyta-Cryptomonas erosa; Pyrrhophyta-Ceratiumhirundinella. This list could be lengthened or shortened depending on thecriteria used for inclusion of species. A number of these species are con­sidered by other authors to be oligotrophic indicators. However, a com­parison of the existing diatom flora with the diatoms of the sedimentaryrecord from other Minnesota lakes supports the notion that these lakes aregenerally mesotrophic or eutrophic.

Attempts to separate the lakes into trophic subgroups using indicator spe­cies were unsuccessful, although Melosira granulata may have some value asan indicator of trophy. In addition, the lakes contain a number of algaecharacteristic of acid water, and Binuclearia sp. may have value as an indi­cator of high levels of organic matter.

Analysis of two or three samples of diatoms in sediment cores from fourlakes was consistent with the analysis of surface wa~er samples andsuggested that the lakes have not changed dramatically in trophic statussince human settlement in Minnesota.

The combined evidence from surface water phytoplankton samples, chlorophylla and phosphorus data and diatom stratigraphy suggests that most of theStudy Area lakes are now mesotrophic or eutrophic and have been so for sometime. A few lakes, however, (e.g., Tofte, Clearwater) appear oligotrophic.

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INTRODUCTION TO THE REGIONAL COPPER-NICKEL STUDY

The Regional Copper-Nickel Environmental Impact Study is a comprehensiveexamination of the potential cumulative environmental, social, and economicimpacts of copper~nickel mineral development in northeastern Minnesota.This study is being conducted for the ~linnesota Legislature and stateExecutive Branch agencies, under the direction of the Minnesota Environ­mental Quality Board (MEQB) and with the funding, review, and concurrenceof the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources.

A region along the surface contact of the Duluth Complex in St. Louis and"-"'Lake counties in northeastern Minnesota contains a major domestic resource

of copper-nickel sulfide mineralization. This region has been explored byseveral mineral resource development companies for more than twenty years,and recently two firms, AMAX and International Nickel Company, haveconsidered commercial operations. These exploration and mine planningactivities indicate the potential establishment of a new mining and pro­cessing industry in Minnesota. In addition, these activities indicate theneed for a comprehensive environmental, social, and economic analysis bythe state in order to consider the cumulative regional implications of thisnew industry and to provide adequate information for future state policyreview and development. In January, 1976, the MEQB organized and initiatedthe Regional Copper-Nickel Study.

The major objectives of the Regional Copper-Nickel Study are: 1) tocharacterize the region in its pre-copper-nickel development state; 2) toidentify and describe the probable technologies which may be used to exploitthe mineral resource and to convert it into salable commodities; 3) toidentify and assess the impacts of primary copper-nickel development andsecondary regional growth; 4) to conceptualize alternative degrees ofregional copper-nickel development; and 5) to assess the cumulativeenvironmental, social, and economic impacts of such hypothetical develop­ments. The Regional Study is a scientific information gathering andanalysis effort and will not present subjective social judgements onwhether, where, when, or how copper-nickel development should or shouldnot proceed. In addition, the Study will not make or propose state policypertaining to copper-nickel development.

The Minnesota Environmental Q~ality Board is a state agency responsible forthe implementation of the Minnesota Environmental Policy Act and promotescooperation between state agencies on environmental matters. The RegionalCopper-Nickel Study is an ad hoc effort of the MEQB and future regulatoryand site specific environmental impact studies will most likely be theresponsibility of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and theMinnesota Pollution Control Agency•.

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PURPOSE

This regional characterization is intended to describe the dominant taxa

of the region ~nd their relationships, as well as the similarities and

differences between the sites sampled. It provides a basis for assessing

the potential impacts of copper-nickel development. It does not, in

general, provide the baseline data necessary to detect impacts of develop­

ment at particular sites. Techniques for developing such a baseline and

ways in which these data might be used in planning a baseline monitoring

program are discussed in a separate report, Biological Monitoring of

Aquatic Ecosystems (Regional Copper-Nickel Study 1978).

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INTRODUCTION

The phytoplankton algae are generally the most important primary producers

of lake ecosystems. ,Through the process of photosynthesis they capture the

energy of sunlight, transforming it into the energy of organic compounds.

Thus, in spite of their microscopic size, they form the base of the lake

food chain upon which fish and other aquatic animals depend for their

-;~rvival. To a large extent the productivity of the phytoplankton

determines the characteristics of a lake: its appearance, the kind and

numbers of animals present, and even some of its chemistry. Indeed, the

photosynthesis of phytoplankton algae, together with that of other aquatic

plants, literally makes possible the existence offish and the abundant

invertebrate life we associate with the lake environment.·

A survey of the phytoplankton communities in lakes of the Regional

Copper-Nickel Study Area (Study Area) was conducted during 1976 and 1977.

Its purpose was to characterize these lakes in terms of phytoplankton

species composition and abundance, identifying groups of lakes having

similar or differing characteristics. Since the abundance and spec~es

composition of the phytoplankton are directly related to the chemical

composition of lake water, analyses of phytoplankton and water chemistry

data were combined to provide ~ coherent picture of the trophic status of

lakes. This characterization may then be used to help predict and evaluate

impacts of industrial activities on lake ecosystems in the Study Area.

In addition, stratigraphic samples of pollen and diatoms from sediments of

four lakes for which Cesium-137 data were available were examined to

ascertain the relationship of the present diatom floras to those in the

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recent past and suggest how they may be changing 1n the absence of

copper-nickel development.,

In the past several attempts have been made to characterize the lakes of

Minnesota on the basis of chemical characteristics, trophic status, and

.. P.~ytoplankton communities. Eddy (1963) summarized early attempts to

classify Minnesota lakes. In the case of the soft-water lakes of

northeastern Minnesota, he included three lake types:

1) Lakes with maximum depths of 20 to 60 m. These lakes are typically

oligotrophic with well-defined summer stratification and no hypolimnetic

oxygen depletion. They have low turbidities and relatively small littoral

areas. Secchi disk values frequently approach 7 m. The phytoplankton are

characterized by a scarcity of blue-green algae and an abundance of

diatoms, especially Tabellaria, Fragilaria, and Asterionella.

2) Lakes with maximQm depths of less than 15 m. These lakes are more

productive than the former, and many show a tendency toward eutrophication.

They have larger littoral zones and often show some hypolimnetic oxygen

depletion.

3) Small acid bog lakes and ponds. These small bodies of water are

dystrophic and are frequently surrounded by floating sedge mats.

Many Study Area lakes fall into Eddy'~ second category.

Bright (1968) discussed the surface water chemistry of Minnesota lakes in

some detail. He noted that lakes of northeastern Minnesota have about

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equal equiva~ent proportions of Mg++ and 804=' about equal equivalent

proportions of carb~nates and Ca++, and slightly higher concentrations of

Ca++ + carbonates than Mg++ + 804=. These lakes have low pH, low

salinity, and low residence time for ions but relatively high

concentrations for some minor elements (e.g. Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu). Nitrogen

and phosphorus concentrations are also low. Tabe11aria and Asterionel1a

are the'dominant planktonic diatoms, but Melosira is important in a few

lakes. In terms of the ecological groups of diatoms of Hustedt (1938),

lakes of northeastern Minnesota have relatively high proportions of

acidophilous and indifferent species and low proportions of alkaliphilous

species. These ecological groups (Hustedt 1938) are defined as:...

acidophilous - most abundant in water with pH <7, especially around pH 6

indifferent - equally abundant in water above and below pH 7

alka1iphilous - having widest distribution at pH >7

The northeastern lakes studied ~y Bright were not chosen to be

representative of this area but rather to include the widest possible range

of physical, chemical, and geological lake types.

In a study of phytoplankton assemblages in Minnesota lakes, Tarapchak

(1973) found that the total number of taxa, the number of desmid taxa, the

relative abundance of the Araphidineae, and various indices of species

diversity are higher in the northeastern lakes than in other lakes in

Minnesota. The compound phytoplankton quotient (Nygaard 1949) was found to

be lower in the northeastern lakes than in other lakes. Tarapchak also

identified algal indicators of oligotrophic and meso-eutrophic conditions.

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Other recent studies of phytoplankton ecology in Minnesota lakes include

those of Bradbury (1975) who correlated diatom species composition in seven

lakes to enrichment associated with human activities, and Schults et al.

(1976) who compared the limnology and phytoplankton communities of Shagawa

and Burntside lakes, both located in northeastern Minnesota. The latter

authors found that oligotrophic Burntside Lake and eutrophic Shagawa Lake

contained many of the same species and that blue-green algae and diatoms

were important in both lakes. While the expected oligotrophic indicators

Tabellaria and Dinobryon were conspicuously present in Burntside Lake,

approximately fifty percent of the algae in late summer were blue-greens

with Chroococcum, Coelosphaerium, and Oscillatoria dominating. In Shagawa

Lake blue-green blooms dominated in mid to late summer, accounting for 60

to 80 percent of the algae. Densities of most taxa were ten times higher

in Shagawa than in Burntside. However, Shagawa is not a typical eutrophic

lake for this area, as it receives sewage effluent from the city of Ely.

METHODS

Study Area

The Study Area includes 2130 sq. mi. (5516 km2) of Lake and St. Louis

counties to the south and east of Ely, Minnesota. This area is divided

into two major watersheds by the Laurentian Divide. Water north of the

Divide flows to Hudson Bay while water south of the Divide flows to Lake'

Superior. Many of the lakes in the Study area are relatively shallow and

contain waters which are stained brown by humic compounds. However, some

deep, clear water lakes are also found in this region.

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The lakes studied (Figure 1) were classified as primary or survey to

indicate sampling intensity (Table 1). Five primary lakes were selected on

the basis of their potential for impact; one lake with high potential for

impact and one lake with low potential for impact were chosen from both

north and south of the Laurentian Divide. Birch Lake was chosen as the

fifth primary lake because of its high potential for impact and its

importance in the Study Area. A further criterion for primary lakes was

that their ecological .classification by the Minnesota Department of Natural

Resources (MDNR) be similar. All primary lakes were soft-water walleye

lakes except for Colby Lake which was a centrarchid-walleye lake (Regional

Copper-Nickel Study 1978). Two stations were located on each primary lake

except Birch lake which, because of its length, had four stations. Survey

lakes were selected to include lakes of varying sizes, depth, and

surrounding soil types from twelve watersheds. Single stations were

located on these lakes. Characteristics relating to choice of lakes are

shown in Table 2.

In 1977 fourteen of the original twenty-five lakes were chosen for repeated

sampling (Table 1). The lakes retained were chosen to include a range of

values of pH, alkalinity, and total organic carbon (factors affecting

susceptibility to impacts) and a range of morphometric types. Single

stations were located on all lakes except Birch Lake where two stations

were sampled.

Field collections of phytoplankton were made in conjunction with

chlorophyll studies and employed a PVC integrated pipe sampler. In most

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cases the top four meters of the water column were sampled with this

apparatus to provide a single composite sample. An integrated sampler ~as

"used so as to sample a large proportion of the euphotic zone.

Spectrophotometric determinations of chlorophyll ~ were performed using 90

percent acetone extractions (APRA 1976). Two replicate 120 ml

"'~p'hytoplankton samples were preserved with Lugol' s solution and shipped to

Ecology Consultants, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado, for taxonomic analysis.

Laboratory analysis of sedimented samples employed the inverted microscope

technique described by Utermohl (1958) and outlined by Vollenweider (1974).

Units were counted in sedimented samples at 56, 140, 280, 560, and 1400 X

using Whipple grids. The counting units utilized were:

Unicells - each cell

Diatoms - each complete frustule (2 valves)

Filaments - 100 microns length

Discrete colonies - each 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 cell colony

Indiscrete colonies - every 8 cells

Dense colonies - every 50 cells

Cells per counting "unit" were recorded for discrete and indiscrete

colonies. Examples of discrete colonial forms include Pandorina, Volvox,

and Oocystis. Indiscrete colonial forms include Agmenellum (Merismopedia),

Chroococcus, and Crucigenia. Examples of dense colonies are Microcystis,

Aphanothece, and other coccoid blue-greens. In 1977 the number of cells

per unit was recorded whenever there were multiple cells per unit. Diatoms

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were subjected to sulfuric acid-potassium dichromate digestion and

identified from permanent Hyrax slide mounts prepared from the sedimentedt,

material.

For calculations of dominance the mean density of each taxon (in units/ml)

was calculated for all replicate samples at all stations in a lake on one<~ : .. : ·.,...·... jl

date.

Methods for StratigraFhic Analyses

Stratigraphic analyses were performed by project staff using samples from

cores collected by the Leaching/Pathways Study staff. Cesium-137 analyses

were performed by Dr. David Edgington of Argonne National Laboratory.

Pollen samples were prepared by standard methods (Faegri and Iverson 1964),

and mounted in silicone oil. All grains on a coverslip 18 rom square were

counted at a magnification of 400X. Sediment samples for diatom analyses

were digested in cold Chromerge solution for one week and identified from

permanent Hyrax slide mounts. Complete details of all analytical

procedures including taxonomic criteria used in the diatom analyses of

stratigraphic materials are found in the Aquatic Biology Operations Manual

(Regional Copper-Nickel Study 1977).

To assure that one sample from each lake predates modern settlement, two

stratigraphic levels per lake were analyzed for the percentage of Ambrosia

(ragweed) pollen. This weed increases in abundance whenever land is broken

for agricultural purposes. Its pollen can be distributed by wind for

hundreds of miles; therefore, a rise in Ambrosia pollen is used as a

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time-marker reflecting the beginning of agriculture on the Great Plains as

well as in the loca~ area. Rises of a few percent are typical for

northeastern Minnesota lakes (Bradbury and Megard 1972).

Depths of the two pollen samples were chosen to frame broadly the probable

depth of the Ambrosia rise as calculated from deposition rates based on

Cesium-137 data, assuming the Cesium-137 peak corresponds to 1963.

Stratigraphic levels of the diatom samples were then chosen to assure at

least one sample above and at least one below the Ambrosia rise.

Stratigraphic levels of samples analyzed for pollen and for diatoms are

illustrated in Figure 2 along with Cesium-I37 profiles for the cores.

Since not all diatom taxa preserve equally well in the sediments, one set

of counts was made as near as possible to the surface sedim~nt, which

should most clearly reflect the present diatom flora. These counts of

surface sediments help to separate the effects of differential breakage and

corrosion from those of actual differences in floristic composition through

time.

RESULTS AND BISCUSSION: SURFACE-WATER SAMPLES

Water Chemistry

The Study Area lakes are listed in Table 3, together with their physical

and chemical characteristics, in order of increasing values for Schindler's

(1971) ratio. As a group the lakes fall into relatively narrow ranges of

conductivity, alkalinity, and hardness. They are soft-water lakes (only

Tofte has a total alkalinity greater than 50) with pH values generally near

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the neutral point (7.0). The lakes appear less similar when their sulfate

(range=3-30 mg/l) a~d silica (range=0.4-9 mg/l) contents are examined, and

-it seems. possible that silicon might occasionally limit diatom growth in

lakes such as Triangle, Long, Turtle, Pine, and Seven Beaver. The lakes as

a group are highly colored and contain considerable amounts of dissolved

organic material. Three distinct subgroups of lakes may be recognized on

the .basis of total organlc carbon content (Table 4). Since dissolved humic

compounds appear to play a role in complexing metals and ameliorating their

toxicity, it i~ likely that the phytoplankton communities of lakes in these

subgroups will respond quite differently to pollution by heavy metals (e.g.

see Gerhart and Davis 1978).

Vollenweider (1968) has attempted to correlate the total phosphorus content

of lakes with their trophic condition. He describes the following

categories:

TROPHIC CONBITION - -- -- Total P (ug/l)

ultra-oligotrophic

oligo-mesotrophic

meso-eutrophic

eutrophic

hypereutrophic-

<5

5-10

10-30

30-100

-- ->100

By applying these categories to summertime average data from the Study Area

lakes (Figure 3, hatched bars), one finds that only Tofte falls in the

oligo-mesotrophic range while 14 lakes are classified as meso-eutrophic and

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10 as relatively eutrophic. Data from October, 1976, (Figure 3, dark bars)

show the same basic, pattern with Tofte as oligo-mesotrophic, 17 lakes in

the mes~-eutrophic category, and 4 in the eutrophic category. The greatest

difference between summertime and October values appears on Clearwater Lake

which was only sampled twice. This suggests that the high summer value for

total phosphorus in Clearwater may have been due to sample contamination.

Other data from Clearwater Lake, particularly chlorophyll data (Table 5),

suggest that the October value for total phosphorus is more accurate. On

this basis Clearwater Lake would be at the low end of the meso-eutrophic

category. This classification of lakes by phosphorus content is tentative

because it is based on so few samples.

The fact that most of these lakes do not stratify in summer, or stratify

only weakly (Table 6), contributes to increased productivity S1nce

nutrients are not trapped in the hypolimnion where they are unavailable to

algae. Data on dissolved inorganic nitrogen suggest that nitrogen

limitation may also be important in some lakes (e.g. Tofte, Triangle, Big,

Bass, Turtle, Sand, Long, and South McDougal). At the moment these sorts

of conclusions must be drawn with extreme caution since the data in Table 3

were derived from only a few measurements.

In Table 5 the lakes are grouped into three categories based on their

summertime chlorophyll ~ concentrations. Again, most of the lakes fall

into mesotrophic/eutrophic categories. It is likely that there is some

correlation between summer chlorophyll levels and Schindler's ratio, but

the chlorophyll data are too few to warrant a detailed analysis. The

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classification of the lakes presented in Table 5 must be viewed as a~

tentative one since, 'only one or two summertime chlorophyll measurements

were made on the survey lakes. It should also be noted that the use of an

integrated pipe sampler on stratified lakes may pose pro~lems ~n the

interpretation of chlorophyll results if this sampler extends into the

metalimnion or hypolimnion. During summer stratification sedimenting cells

may concentrate in the metalimnion or hypolimnion, or blooms may occur in

the metalimnion.

In 1976 chlorophyll measurements on the primary lakes were made more

frequently (Table 7). Chlorophyll maxima generally occurred in August and

September in these lakes, and concentrations were similar in all of the

primary lakes during these months. -In contrast, se:veral of the survey

lakes (Bear Island, Triangle, Perch, Bass, and Turtle) had significantly

higher chlorophyll concentrations ~n October than in July. With the

exception of Turtle, all of these lakes stratify during the summer, and the

fall blooms are probably related to the breakdown of stratification and

subsequent mixing of nutrients or cells from the hypolimnion.

Phytoplankton eell eounts

f)ominance and Diversity of Alga16roups--The summer phytoplankton samples

were generally dominated (in terms of· total units counted) b'y··"the

Cyanophyta, Chrysophyta, and Bacillariophyta. Only a few lakes were

dominated by the Chlorophyta (Table 8). There was no clear relationship

between the dominant groups and the trophic condition of the lakes. For

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example, Tofte, Clearwater, and Bass lakes, probably the most oligotrophic

of the Study Area lpkes,were all occasionally dominated by blue-green

algae. This finding contradicts generally accepted ideas about

oligotrophic lakes but is in agreement with the information on oligotrophic

Burntside Lake reported by Schults et ale (1976).

In 1976 five samples were collected from the primary lakes during the

ice-free season, prov~ding some information regarding the seasonal

succession of algal groups in these lakes. In spite of the presence of

similar species and other limnological similarities among the primary

lakes, no consistent pattern of succession emerges from the data. In Birch

and White Iron lakes large midsummer populations of blue-green algae

declined in the autumn and were replaced by blooms of diatoms. Gabbro Lake

was dominated by diatoms throughout the summer, while blue-greens and

flagellates increased in abundance in September and October. Colby Lake

was dominated by Chrysophytes (Dinobryon) until October when blue-green

algae become dominant. Autumn data are not available for Seven Beaver

Lake, but blue-greens and diatoms were dominant during the summer. It is

likely that patterns of dominance are quite variable not only from lake to

lake, but within the same lake from year to year. For example, of the

fourteen lakes sampled in July, 1977, only six had the same dominant algal

group that was present when the lakes. were sampled in July or August, 1976.

In most cases dominance was shared by several or many algal species, but

occasionally a single algal genus or species showed exceptionally strong

dominance. This was especially true of the Chrysophyte Dinobryon (e.g.

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Pine, Colby, and Bearhead lakes, summer 1976) and the green alga

Chlorococcum humicoli (Wynne and White Iron lakes, summer 1977).

An examination of species diversity (number of species found) within algal

groups yields a much clearer picture for the Study Area lakes than the

analysis of dominant groups (Table 9). With few exceptions, the diatoms

were the most diverse group, followed by the greens and then the

blue-greens. As many.as 40 to 50 species of diatoms were identified 1n one

lake on one date. The green algae, while usually quite diverse, were

usually not dominant in these lakes; the reverse was true of the

Chrysophytes. Extremely low species diversity in Wynne and Perch lakes

during the summer of 1977 was accompanied by the presence of Chlorococcum

humicoli as a dominant green alga in both cases. The Cryptophyta,

Pyrrhophyta, and Euglenophyta were the least diverse of the algal groups

and were never numerically dominant.

Characteristic-Algae--The dominant species within each algal group for all

summer and October samples are tabulated in appendix A, with densities

(units/ml) given only when a taxon is dominant on a date. The total

density of each group is also tabulated. Dominant species are defined as

the five most abundant species in the groups Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta,

Cyanophyta, and Chrysophyta, and two most abundant in Cryptophyta and

Pyrrhophyta. The species composition of the phytoplankton samples were

remarkably similar in the lakes studied and it is possible to identify a

group of "characteristic species" based on their frequency of occurrence in

the samples (Table 10). This similarity of algal communities is likely due

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in part to the relatively similar conditions of alkalinity, hardness, and

pH found in these lakes, although many of the species listed in Table 10

are widely distributed. This list is an arbitrary one in that it includes

only those spec1es present in more than two-thirds of the lakes during at

least two sampling seasons. This criterion could be made either more or

less restrictive, thus shortening or expanding the list. For example, if

the two-thirds criterion were relaxed to, say, one-half, species such as

the following would be included: Bacillariophyta-Rhizosolenia eriensis,

Synedra delicatissima, Achnanthes spp.; Chlorophyta-eosmarium sp.,

Crucigenia tetrapedia, Scenedesmus quadricauda; Cyanophyta-Anabaena spp.,

Aphanocapsa elachista, Coelosphaerium Naegelianum; Chrysophyta-Synura

avella, eentritractus belanophorus, Dinobryon cylindricum and sociale,

Mallomonas akrokomos, Mallomonas sp. However, for the purpose of

identifying future changes in species composition in this region, the

shorter list in Table 10 is probably more useful.

In examining Table 10 it becomes apparent that the percentages in both the

"Dominant" and "Present" columns are generally higher in 1976 than in the

same sampling season in 1977. The reason for this phenomenon is not known,

but it may be worth noting that the two years were very different in terms

of precipitation. The year 1976 was extremely dry and many lakes

experienced low water levels; precipitation in 1977 was·more typical for

the region. Precipitation may affect phytoplankton communities by

providing plant nutrients through runoff and from rain falling directly on

a lake's surface; and, especially in small lakes, it may have a

1-· ~ ~RELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO ~.~J~~ R~~-ISI-ON DO NOT QUOTE!

15

considerable effect on a lake's flushing time. It seems possible that t~e

lake environments, and hence phytoplankton communities, may be more similar

in dry years. Contributing to the difference between the frequency of

species presences in 1976 and 1977 is the difference in sampling intensity;

:·-;~in 1976 two replicate samples were analyzed from two or more stations in

primary lakes. Rare species were thus more likely to be sampled in 1976

than in 1977 in pr1mary lakes.

Indicator Species--Although an exhaustive study of indicator species was

not made, attempts to separate the Study Area lakes into trophic subgroups

using indicators were generally unsuccessful. This is perhaps not

surprising since most of the lakes appear to fall near the middle of the

trophic spectrum. Thus, the eutrophic indicators Anabaena flos-aquae and

Aphanizomenon flos-aquae were present in lakes from all three of the

chlorophyll categories in Table 5. The same was true of Aphanocapsa

elachista, which Tarapchak (1973) considers an oligotrophic indicator in

Minnesota lakes, and of Chroococcus dispersus, which he considers a

mesotrophic-eutrophic indicator. An attempt to separate the lakes based on

the number of desmid species also proved futile. The only species which

appeared to have some value as an indicator of trophy was the diatom

Melosira granulata. In the summers of 1976 and 1977 this species was

present only in Colby, Birch, Seven Beaver, White Iron, Gabbro, Long, Fall,

Wynne, Sand, and Bear Island lakes. It is a generally accepted indicator

of eutrophy (e.g. Lowe 1974).

A number of species characteristic of acid waters are found in these lakes.

These include Ankistrodesmos falcatos, Binuclearia sp., Cyclotella

1--- -. -. ~RELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO ~.~~.~.~ RE~-I~I-ON DO NOT QUOTEL

, . 16

bodanica, Centritractus be1anophorus, and Aphanocapsa delicatissima.

Binuclearia sp. may, have value as an indicator of organic matter (Prescott

1962). In the Summers of 1976 and 1977 it was present as a dominant only

in Cloquet, Greenwood, Pine, South McDougal, Slate, Big, and Bearhead

lakes. It was also observed in several other lakes but was absent in lakes

of the lowest TOC category in Table 4.

eomparisons-With ether-Regional Lake-Studies

A number of regional lakes studies have been conducted which include

attempts to classify algae according to their trophic distribution.

Unfortunately, the results of these studies are rarely consistent.

Tarapchak (1973) listed thirteen species as characteristic of oligotrophic

Minnesota lakes. Of these, Aphanocapsa elachista, Chrysosphaerella

longispina, Synura uvella, and Cyclotella comta (=bodanica?) are common ~n

the lakes discussed in the present study. Since most of these lakes are

definitely not oligotrophic, the use of these species as oligotrophic

indicators may be questioned. Similarly, Rawson (1956), in his study of

lakes of western Canada (including the Great Lakes), presented lists of

oligotrophic and mesotrophic algal species. Asterionella formosa,

Tabellaria fenestrata, Dinobryon divergens, and Melosira granulata were all

considered oligotrophic species, while Fragilaria crotonensis, eeratium

hirundinella, eoelosphaerium Naegelianum, Anabaena spp., and Aphanizomenon

flos-aquae were considered mesotrophic. Although his mesotrophic category

is consistent with the results from the present study, his oligotrophic

category is not. Based on species occurrences in the Great Lakes, Stoermer

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

17

(1978) found the distributions of Melosira distans, ehrysosphaerella

longispina, Dinobryon bavaricum, and Cyclotella comta (=bodanica?) to be

primarily oligotrophic, while the distributions of Melosira granulata,

Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Cryptomonas erosa, and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae

were primarily eutrophic. Ubiquitous forms included Asterionella formosa,

Fragilaria crotonensis, Rhizosolenia eriensis, Botryococcus Braunii,

Dinobryon divergens, and Anabaena flos-aquae. Finally, in studies of

Finnish lakes Jarnefelt (1952) classified Agmenellum quadruplicatum,

Dinobryon divergens, and fiinobryon bavaricum as oligotrophic indicator

species. Clearly, there ~s much disagreement on this subject, especially

with regard to oligotrophic indicators. Many species considered

oligotrophic by these authors are common or even characteristic of the

moderately productive lakes of the Study Area. Rawson (1956) discussed the

problems of identifying reliable oligotrophic indicator species and

suggested that most of the species in oligotrophic lakes are not

distinctive of that condition but in fact are widely tolerant forms. An

alternative explanation, also considered by Rawson, is that many

physiological varieties of algae have developed which we are unable to

distinguish morphologically.

In spite of these problems concerning specific indicator algae, it is

possible to distinguish the phytoplankton communities of lakes of the Study

Area from those of other geographical regions. Bright (1968) and Tarapchak

(1973) have indicated differences in species composition between lakes of

northeastern Minnesota and those of central and southwest Minnesota.

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

18

Bright, for example, points out that while Tabellaria, Asterionella, and

Melosira are important diatoms of the northeast lakes, the nutrient-rich

lakes of southwestern Minnesota are characterized by Fragilaria, Synedra,

and Melosira.

It is perhaps not surprising that such differences occur when comparing

lakes of the paririe with those of the northeastern forests. However, the

Study Area lakes also differ in species composition from lakes of the

Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) of northwestern Ontario, Canada (Schindler

and Holmgren 1971). These Canadian lakes have considerably lower

conductivities (10-35 umhos/cm) and bicarbonate concentrations (0.2-9.9

mg/l HC03-) than lakes of the Study Area. Most of the ELA lakes were

dominated by the Chrysophyta. The Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta appear to

be less abundant in the Canadian lakes than in Study Area lakes, while the

Chrysophyta, Cryptophyta, and Pyrrhophyta appear to be more abundant. In

terms of number of species, diatom diversity may be somewhat less, while

dinoflagellate, cryptomonad, and chrysophyte diversity are clearly greater

in ELA lakes. Some species are common to both lake groups (e.g.

eoelosphaerium Koetzingianum, erucigenia tetrapedia, Dinobryon spp.,

Asterionella formosa, Tabellaria fenestrata, Rhizosolenia eriensis, and

Botryococcus Braunii), but many of the important ELA algae are rare or

absent in the Study Area lakes.

A preliminary survey of diatom communities in nineteen lakes of the

Sylvania Recreation Area of the Ottawa National Forest, Michigan, was made

by Crumrine and Beeton (1975). Important diatoms included Asterionella

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

19

formosa, Tabellaria flQcculosa, Fragilaria pinnata, and Fragilaria

erotonensis. Non-diatoms were also important, but these were not examined

quantitatively. Based on the occurrence of Tabellaria flocculosa (Stockner

1971) and the relatively high secchi disk values for these lakes

(average=4.3 m), it is likely that they are significantly less productive

than those-of the Study Area. The same may be said for the ELA lakes.

RESBLTS AND-BISeUSSleN:--STRATI6RAPHle ANAlYSES GF-FOBR-lAKES

Pollen

Work completed to date suggests that an Ambrosia rise is present in the

following three lakes between the listed depths (Figure 2):

Clearwater - between 7-8 cm and 28-29 cm

Gabbro - between 7-8 cm and 29-30 cm

White Iron - between 15-16 cm and 30-31 cm

Ambrosia pollen in Birch Lake is constant at 0.6 percent at depths of 8 to

9 em and 26-27 cm. A Cesium-137 peak at 3 cm suggests a deposition rate of

0.2 em per year in Birch Lake. This suggests a rise in Ambrosia pollen

(presumably around 1900) should occur at 12-13 or 13-14 cm (Bradbury and

Megard 1972). However, the pollen does not show a rise above this level.

Birch Lake behaves very much like a river, with a flu~hing rate of 5.5

times/year. Prior to impoundment (between 1895 and 1905) the water level

was six feet lower than at present. The dam was washed out in 1952,

allowing the water to drop to its previous level, but has since been

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

20

repaired. The high flushing rate and the washout may have modified the

sedimentary record" 'accounting for the anomalous pollen data.

IHatoms

eomparison of Water-and Sorface-SedimentSamples

The percentage of dominant diatom taxa in water samples was averaged to

compensate for seasonal population peaks and this average was compared with

percentages of the same taxa in surface sediment samples (Figure 4). In

this discussion the term "dominant diatoms" refers to the ten most abundant

diatoms in any sample under discussion. All species that occur in the list

of ten most abundant taxa in any of the averaged surface water samples or

surface sediment samples are listed in Figure 4. The top ten diatom

species account for between 60 and 70 percent of all frustules in the

surface sediments of all four lakes and between 80 and 97 percent of all

frustules in the water samples (Table 11). (The integrated water samples

include only planktonic forms, while sediments include benthic forms as

well.) Thus the dominant diatoms comprise the bulk of the diatom

communities.

All the dominant species in the water samples (except for Rhizosolenia in

Clearwater Lake) are among the dominant species in the surface sediment

samples, though the relative abundances vary consideraply between water

samples and surface sediment samples. Most of the dominants occur in

higher percentages in the water than in the sediment because of the benthic

forms included in the sediments. Melosira italica and M. granulata v.

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

21

angustissima are exceptions to this trend and are much more abundant in the, ,

surface sediments than the water samples, probably because they are better

preserved in the sediments than other taxa. Two taxa appear particularly

under-represented in the surface sediments: Rhizosolenia spp. (especially

in Clearwater Lake), and Asterionella formosa. Rhizosolenia is well known

for its poor preservation in sediments (Tarapchak, personal communication)

and Asterionella also appears to be poorly preserved in these slightly

acidic lakes.

Despite the differences in preservation between species, 6 of 7 diatom

species characteristic of the region (Table 10) are included in the

dominant diatom species found in the cores (Figure 5). The only

characteristic diatom species found in water samples but not sediments was

Nitzschia, which was never dominant 1n water samples from the four lakes

sampled for stratigraphic analysis.

In general, sediments of the four lakes are dominated by Melosira italica,

Melosira ambigua, Tabellaria fenestrata, Melosira distans and Melosira

granulata. M. distans and T. fenestrata are considered by some authors

(Rawson 1956, Stoermer 1978, Tarapchak 1973) to indicate oligotrophic

conditions, and Melosira granulata is 'generally considered an indicator of

eutrophy. M. granulata never appeared in the water samples of the less

productive Study Area lakes. The importance ,of ~. granulata and its

varieties in Birch, Gabbro, and White Iron is consistent with the surface

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE, •• II..

· 22

chlorophyll data (Tables 5 and 7) and the phosphorus data (Figure 3) in

placing these lakes ,in a meso-eutrophic category. Study Area lakes appear

to be acidic as suggested by the presence at low percentages of one or more

species of Eunotia in sediments of all four lakes. Members of this genus

are acidophilic littoral forms.

Examination of figures 4 and 5 reveals that Clearwater Lake differs from

the other three lakes both in species composition and relative abundance of

certain species. The difference shows specifically in the presence in

Clearwater of Rhizosolenia and the importance of Tabe1laria fenestrata,

eyclotella glomerata, and Cyclote11a bodanica along with the absence of

Melosira granulata, Stephanodiscus astraea and Fragilaria capucina and

unimportance of Fragilaria crotonensis. Together these differences suggest

that Clearwater Lake is more oligotrophic than the others. Table 11 shows

that Clearwater Lake also has a much higher percentage of frustu1es of

littoral species among the dominant forms than do the other lakes. Since

the other lakes have a much greater shoreline development than Clearwater,

it seems likely that the higher percentage of littoral diatoms in the

sediment represents a lower planktonic production of diatoms in Clearwater.

This is consistent with the chlorophyll ~ data from water samples (Table 5)

which shows L1earwater Lake in the least productive group, and Gabbro,

White Iron, and Birch in the most productive group.

Stratigraphy

Diatom assemblages in the sediments of all four lakes are dominated by

Melosira ita1ica and Melosira ambigua to a depth of 30 cm (Figure 5). The

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

, . 23

presence of Melosira granulata and its variety angustissima in both the

surface and basal sediment samples of Birch and White Iron lakes suggests

that they have always been more eutrophic than Gabbro and Clearwater lakes.

The increase of these two species of Melosira and of Fragilaria crotenensis

in the surface sediment of Gabbro lake may indicate a recent trend toward

eutrophication, but a more detailed analysis of the core would be necessary

before any conclusion could be drawn. Clearwater Lake appears oligotrophic

at all three stratigraphic levels examined.

These data are too sketchy to allow much generalization about the history

of these four lakes. However, aside from the possible indication of a

shift to enrichment in Gabbro Lake, it appears that White Iron and

Clearwater lakes have not undergone any dramatic shifts in diatom flora

since human settlement. In Birch Lake Melosira italica and Melosira

ambigua were difficult to distinguish; hence more weight should be placed

on the nearly constant percentage of Melosira granulata as an indication of

little change. In any case since no clear Ambrosia rise could be detected

in Birch Lake, the sediments may have been disturbed.

One other stratigraphic study has been done in the Study Area, on Shagawa

and Burntside lakes (Bradbury 1978). Shagawa Lake was undoubtedly

mesotrophic or eutrophic in its natural condition. Its presettlement

diatom communities were dominated by Fragilaria capucina, Melosira ambigua,

and other Melosira species, including~. granulata. All of these species

are characteristic of relatively high nutrient conditions. As cultural

1--···· -.... -I PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTEI

. L-_

·24

enrichment became progressively more severe, beginning in the late l800s,

the diatom flora became dominated first by Melosira ambigua, then by'.

Fragilaria crotonensis, and finally by Stephanodiscus hantzschii under

conditions of severe eutrophy. After 1954 when sewage treatment facilities

were improved, dominance returned to species such as Fragilaria

crotonensis, Asterionella formosa, and Melosira spp. In contrast the pre-

settlement diatom flora of Burntside lake was dominated by Tabellaria

flocculosa and eyclotella spp. Although this lake has remained largely

unaffected by human activities, significant and consistent increases in the

spring and fall maxima of Asterionella formosa have occurred since 1949.

Bradbury believes this change is related to cultural enrichment. (In this

regard, care must be taken not to confuse the occurrence of a species in a

lake with its presence as a dominant. Asterionella formosa occurs

regularly under quite oligotrophic conditions but seldom exhibits strong

population peaks in oligotrophic lakes. Indeed, this species was present

throughout the sedimentary history of Burntside lake.)

In the Study Area lakes, the most abundant diatom species in water samples

are Asterionella formosa, Fragilaria crotonensis, Melosira ambigua, and

Tabellaria fenestrata. Thus, the observations of Bradbury in Shagawa and

Burntside lakes are consistent with the idea that Study Area lakes

generally fall into mesotrophic and eutrophic categories.

SUMMARY

Surface water samples from 25 lakes 1n the Study Area showed most lakes to

be meso-eutrophic, primarily on the basis of total phosphorus

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE•._ 41. _

I~

I

.25

concentrations, summer chlorophyll concentrations, and phytoplankton

species composition. The presence of Melosira granulata was associated''.

with the more productive lakes. Stratigraphic analysis confirmed that

Clearwater Lake was less productive than White Iron, Birch, and Gabbro

lakes and indicated little evidence of change in these lakes since human

settlement. Clearwater, Tofte, and Burntside are examples of more

oligotrophic lakes in the Study Area.

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26

REFERENCES-CITED

APHA. 1976. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater,APHA, Washington. 1193pp.

Bradbury, J.P. 1975. Diatom stratigraphy and human settlement in Minnesota.Special Paper 171. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado.74pp.

Bradbury, J.P. 1978. A paleolimnological comparison of Burntside andShagawa lakes, northeastern Minnesota. Ecological Research Series,u.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/3-78-004. 50pp.

Bradbury, J.P. and R.O. Megard. 1972. Stratigraphic record of pollution inShagawa Lake, northeastern Minnesota. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., Vol. 83:2639-2648.

Bright, R.C. 1968. Surface-water chemistry of some Minnesota lakes, withpreliminary notes on diatoms. Interim Report No.3. LimnologicalResearch Center, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis. 58pp.

Crumrine, J.P. and A.M. Beeton. 1975. Limnology of lakes of the SylvaniaRecreation Area, Ottawa National Forest. Special Report No. 24.Center for Great Lakes Studies, Univ. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. 34pp.

Eddy, S. 1963. Minnesota and the Dakotas. p. 301-315 In Frey, D.G. (ed.),Limnology ~n North America. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison. 734pp.

Faegri, K. and J. Iverson. 1964. Textbook of pollen analysis. Hafner,Press, New York. 237pp.

Gerhart, D.2. and T.E. Davis. 1978. Effect of heavy metals and sulfurdioxide on phytoplankton. Final Report submitted to the RegionalCopper-Nickel Study, Minneapolis. 44pp.

Hustedt, F. 1938. Systematische and okologische Untersuchungen uber dieDiatomeen-flora von Java, Bali and Sumatra. Arch. Hydrobiol,Supplement, Band 15 and 16. p. 248.

Jarnefelt, H. 1952. Plankton als Indikator der Trophiegruppen der Seen.AnnIs. Acad. Sci. Finn., Sere A. IV BioI. 18. 29pp.

Lowe, R.L. 1974. Environmental requirements and· pollution tolerance offreshwater diatoms. Environmental Monitoring Series, U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-670/4-74-005. 333pp.

Nygaard, G. 1949. Hydrobiological studies of some Danish ponds and lakesII. BioI. Skr. 7:293.

Prescott, G.W. 1962. Algae of the western Great Lakes area. Wm. C. BrownCo., Dubuque, Iowa. 977pp.

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27

REFERENeES-CITED (contd;}

Rawson, D.S. 1956. Algal indicators of trophic lake types. Limnol.Oceanogr. 1:18-25.

Regional Copper-Nickel Study. 1977. Aquatic biology operations manual.Regional Copper-Nickel Study, Minneapolis.

Regional Copper-Nickel Study. 1978. Lake fishes. Regional Copper-NickelStudy, Minneapolis.

Schindler, D.W. 1971. A hypothesis to explain differences and similaritiesamong lakes in the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario.J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 28:295-301.

Schindler, D.W. and S.~. Holmgren. 1971. Primary production and phyto­plankton in the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario, andother low-carbonate wters, and a liquid scintillation method fordetermining C-14 activity in photosynthesis. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada28:189-201.

Schults, D.W., K.W. Malueg, and P.D. Smith. 1976. Limnological comparisonof culturally eutrophic Shagawa Lake and adjacent oligotrophicBurntside Lake, Minnesota. American Midlnd Naturalist 96:160-178.

Stockner, J.G. 1971. Preliminary characterization of lakes in theExperimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario, using diatom occurrencesin sediments. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 28:265-275.

Stoermer, E.F. 1978. Phytoplankton assemblages as indicators of waterquality in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc.97:2-16.

~rapchak, S.J. 1973. Studies on phytoplankton distribution and indicatorsof trophic state in Minnesota lakes. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Minnesota,Minneapolis. 161pp.

Utermohl, H. 1958. Zur Vervollkommung der Quantitativen Phytoplankton­methodik. Mitt. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 9:1-38.

Vollenweider, R.A. 1968. Scientific fundamentals of the eutrophication oflakes and flowing waters, with particular reference to nitrogen andphosphorus as factors in eutrophication. Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development, DAS/CSI68.27, Paris. 192pp.

Vollenweider, R.A. (ed.) 1974. A manual on methods for measuring primaryproduction in aquatic environments. IBP Handbook No. 12, 2nd Ed.Blackwell, London. 225pp.

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XEROXED COpy, REGISTRATION IS NOT ACCURATE

lL~@i~IfiIIQ)

IE

LB 0 - B EAR HE ADL AK ELBG-BIG LAKELBI-BEAR ISLAND LAKELBS-BASS LAKELCT-CLOQUET LAKELCW-CLEARWATER LAKELF -FALL LAKELGD-GREENWOOD LAKELL -LONG LAKELO -LAKE ONELPH-PERCH LAKELPN-PINE LAKELSD-SAND LAKELSM-SOUTH MC DOUGALLST-SLATE LAKELTF-TOFTE LAKELTG-TRIANGLE LAKELTL-TURTLE LAKELW -WYNNE LAKELWF-WHITEFACE

RESERVOIR

L&lf"BI RC H LA K ELCY-COLBY LAKELGO-GABRO LAKELSB-SEVEN BEAVER LAKELWI-WHITE IRON LAKE

1:422.400

IlE--LTF-1/PZ/QN1 SL I SN 1761771

® PRIMARY 1976

• PRIMARY 1976 & 1977

o SURVEY 1976

• SURVEY 1976 & 1977

SL-SITE LOCATION &CLASSIFICATION

SN-SITE NAME & NUMBER

76177 -SAMPLE TYPEBY YEAR

QI-BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES,QUALITATIV

PZ-PHYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON.QUANTITATIVE

QN-PHYTOPLANKTON, ZOOPLANKTON ANDBENTHIC INVERTEBRATES, QUANTITATIV

QT-PHYTOPLANKTON. ZOOPLANKTON ANDBENTHIC INVERTEBRATES TRANSECT,QUANTITATIVE

DP-PHYTOPLANKTON AND BENTHICINVERTEBRATES. QUANTITATIVE

PRIMARYLAKES

SURVEYLAKES

(SECONDARY)

LCT-1/P

AQUATIC BIOLOGY LAKE STUDY SITESFIGURE 1.

'-----,FIGURE 2.Stratigraphic position of samples analyzed. Arrows represent samples analyzed for diatoms.:esium-137 generally peaks in 1963.

N\0

(Pci/Gl

WHITE IRON

0.94

.~

AMBROSIA I 131 CS

~

GABBRO

5%

I AMBROSIA 1137 CS

CLEARWATER

2 4 6 8 10 I 5

-..1.0 Ei

• • q"

137 CS (PCI/G) I AMBROSIA I 137 CS

BIRCH

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0.6611~

~OCATION OF DIATOM SAMPLES I emm::::i:::iii3 % AMBROSIA POLLEN I V????? Cs- 1371N (PCI/G)1 1111 1 I I I I I I 1 1111 1 I I I I I I j i I I I IIIII1 I I I I I I I ill I I I I I I Io

12345678

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30

Figure 3. Classification of study lakes based on total phosphorusconcentration. (after Vollenweider, 1968)

,t,

100

Total phosphorus, average values,tsummer samples, 1976 & 1977. t(1-3 samples per station) t

o 10 30: i :: Oligomeso-: Mesoeutrophic : Eutrophic.. . .

: trophic :. if'

jjjjji :

:::::~

1[1::~Mj~.;.:.; I

i;!(~r.~~

1I~=~: I

Bass

Triangle

Bear Island

IBearhead

Long

ILakes

lTofte

Turtle

Colby

WYnne

-White Iron

IGabbro

iPine

Big

iBirch

iFall

Perch

iWhitefaceiISandI

IGreenwood

lOne

!Cloquet

IS. McDougal

ISeven Beaver

ISlate

I Clearwater

o

31

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6

003 1.0 I !; .:...~..~...:~:~::.: ".' :t.~l~ IT,. m ~ ~~:::.;~;;;;;I , l 1.0 I di:+.---"-r-1--r-~"T-r""""'----r-T..,..,-I-r--r--r-r--- -T"""T""-r-r~'---r-~-r-T'--~...,..-r-+--r-r.,.-,.-

t 1 20 010 20 1

PERCENT OF TOTAL DIATOMS

Inmmml-sURFACE WATER SAMPLE~ -SURFACE SEDIMENT SAMPLE

... CLEARWATER GABBRO

LAKE LAKEDIATOMS

Asterionella formosa

Melosira granulata

Melosira ambigua

Rhizosolenia spp.

Melosira italica

Fragilaria crotonensis

Tabellaria fenestrata

Cyclotella glomerata

Fragilaria capucina

FragiIariaconstruens v. venter

Melosira ~ranulatav. angust1.ssima

Cyclotella bodanica(including ~. comta)

~elosira dis tans

Stephanodiscus nia arae(including~. astraea

Figure 4 Comparison of Surface Sediment Samples with Average Composition ofWater Samples, Based on Percent of all Frustules Belonging to DominantTaxa. Missing Columns Mean the Taxon is Absent.

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

32

, Figure 5. Stratigraphy of Selected Dominant Diatom Taxa in Four Study Lakes

15 - 16 em

28 - 29 em

------1GABBRO

1 - 2 em

29 - 30 em

j------BIRCH2 - 3 em

I 27 - 28 emI

:------I

!WHITEIRON1 - 2 em

15 - 16 em

I 30 - 31 em

<

>

?

<

>

<

>

>

<

r- ....j

o a 16 24 32 0 8 16 24 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 160 8 160 8

PERCENT OF TOTAL DIATOMS

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

33

Table 1. Frequency of collection of phytoplankton samples.

YEAR: 1916 1911Lake MONTH: May June/July Aug. Sept. Oct. April July Oct.

Pri.ma:rY::Birch X X X X X X X X

Seven Beaver X X X X X X

rlhite Iron X X X X X X X X

Colby X X X X X X X X

Gabbro X X X X X

Survey:

Pine X X X X X

Bass X X X X X

Bearhead X X X X

Perch X X X X

Sand X X X X X

Greenwood X X X X

Tofte X X X X X

Turtle X X X X X

Wynne X X X X X

Bear Island X X X X X

Fall X X

Long X

Big X X

Slate X X

So. l·!cDougal X X

One X X

Cloquet X X

Triangle X X

Whiteface X

Clearwater X X

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

"

"""..f:'. . .- .-0:0 Table 2. Physical and chemical characteristics of lakes sampled biologically and reasons for sampling.mr- POTENTIAL FOR~ TSlb- SURFACE DEPTH CU-NI I}U'ACTSZ LAKE WATERSHED AREA-Km2 (m) pHs COLORs ALl<ALINITY8 CONDUCTIVITYs (P) DIRECTc INDIRECTd REASO~ FOR SAMPLtNGe

»:0 Birch Birch

I 25.62 4.15 7.1 54.9 23.4 68.6 49 high high 1

-< Colby Partridge 2.24 3.13 7.1 133.75 33.0 152.65 51G..1bbro Isabella 3.63

,3.66 7.25 100.25 17.75 48.25 48 low low 2, 10

CJ Seven:0 Beaver St. Louis • 5.63 1.46 6.5 172.5 13.67 47.75 54 rned med I, 3» \-,111 te Iron Kawishlvi 13.85 6.00 6.95 73.75 17.15 51.25 49 high med 1

" Bass R.1nge .68 5.51 8.15 6.5 32.0 79.5 47 low low 3-I Bearhead Vermilion 2.74 4.49 7.85 26.0 23.5 68.0 40 low low 3, 9(J) BeLIr

C Is13nd Be<1t." Island 8.64 8.74 7.4 39.5 15.5 44.25 47 low low 3

OJBig Partridge 3.21 -- 7.6 14.0 25.0 62.0 61 med med 3, 4, 7

C- Clearwater Ka\Jishiv1 2.61 7.44 6.7 2.0 16.0 39.0 54 low low 4, 7

m Cloquet Cloquet 0.74 .85 7.2 90.0 21.0 54.0 55 low low 3

0 Fall Fall 8.93 3.99 6.7 45.0 16.0 43.0 51 med low 3, S

-I . Green....ood Stony 5.06 1. 27 6.65· 170.0 8.0 50.0 60 low med 3Long St. Louis 1. 79 .50 7.1 30.0 14.0 46.0 46 low med 4, 7

-I One Ka .... ishiwi 3.55 3.14 6.7 27.0 15.0 27.0 52 low low 3, 40 Perch Bear Island 0.44 2.30 6.5 82.5 7.5 28.5 51 low low 4, 7

~Pine St. Louis 1.77 2.34 7.8 102.5 18.0 59.5 52 low med 4, 7Snnd Stony 2.05 1. 45 7.25 80.0 21.5 63.5 60 low med 3» :Slate Stony 0.93 1. 51 6.8 180.0 21.0 51.0 -- low med 4

C-o South

0 . HcDougal . Stony 1.12 .51 6.7 260.0 11. 0 36.0 55 low med 4:0 Tofte l-toose Lake 0.47 10.73 8.55 3.0 70.5 147.5 38 low low 4, 9. 10:0 Tri;lng1e Mooge Lake 1. 32 3.99 7.7 2.0 34.0 65.0 46 low low 9

m Turtle Isabells 1.36 1.13 6.85 30.0 8.5 26.0 50 low low 4, 9

< ! \o,'hi teface- 1 Res. Whiteface 17.22 3.15 7.05 137.5 19.75 57.5 low loW' 1, 3, SI(j) 'Wynne Embarrass -- 11. 1 7.2 110.0 42.5 139.0 43 low low 3-0Z

00Z0-I

0C0-4m

35

Table 2 (contd.)

aSunnnertime averages, {June, July, and August data} from Water QualityPrograms.

bTSI (P) = Carlson's Trophic State Index based on median total phosphorusconcentrations.

CPotential direct impact: Lake may receive effluents either directly frommining operation or tailings basin, or receives water from a directlyimpacted watershed.

dPotential indirect impact: Lake may receive impacted water "second hand,"or is in area likely to receive air-borne contaminates.

e l .2.3.4.

5.6.7.8.9.

10.

Likely to be impacted by copper-nickel developmentNot likely to be impacted ("control")Represents a particular watershedChosen because of a prevailing soil type and/or percent predominantslopeReceives water from large watershedReceives water from small watershedNo inletNo outletNeither inlet nor outletChosen because of greater maximum depth

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

~+Ao Ao Max. Color Seechi Condo Total Total Total. N06-N + DissolvedLake V Depth (Pt-Co Disk pH (pnili0s/ AlkDlinity Hardness TOC p 1: 7-N NH4-N S04 Silica

(rel. ) (kn2) (m) unit::» (m) em) (mr.-II CDC01) (m'"r/]J ~~Lll_ J!:;!l) (m:>: 1) (mf"ll ) (n f7j]J (n,,:/l)

Tofte 0.4 0.47 22 J 5.3 8.6 1h8 71 31 6 9 0.009 0.01 8.4 0.8

Clearwater 0.6 2.61 14 2 4.0 6.7 39--16--- 24 7 50* 0.050 0.03 4.0 0.5

-- --- --- ------~

~ar Island 1.2 8.64 22 40 2.9 7.4 45 16 12 18 0.027 0.04 6.2 3.6---- --- -Dear~lcad L3 2.74 14 26 1.B 7.9 68 24 31 11 17 0.030 0.03 8.9 5.8

-- - ----'l'ri arl61e 1.3 1.32 12 2 3.8 7.7 65 34 81 7 20 0.010 0.03 4.3 0.4

- _._--_ .. -- ---- -Big 2.5 3.21 5 14 3.0 7.6 62 25 22 11 30 0.010 0.01 8.1 2.7---- f------- ------ -Perch 3.6 O.W~ 9 83 1.3 6.5 29 8 12 16 33 0.017 0.01 4.2 1.9B3.SS 3.6 0.68 11 7 5.0 8.2 80 32 41 6 20 0.010 0.02 11.0 3.4Fine 4.0 1. 77 4 103 L4 7.8 60 18. 25 29 29 0.050 0.01 7.8 1.6

5.0---

L8'I'urtle 1.36 3' 30 6.9 26 9 11 13 22 0.010 0.01 3.1 1.0

I.:-.ite face 6.5 17.22 9 138 1.0 7.1 58 20 42 30 33 0.089 0.09 9.1 6.2--Cloquet 10.4 0.74 2 90 - 7.2 54 2l 32 22 40 0.020 0.02 11.0 8.7.3a.'1d 111.4 2.05 12 80 1.4 7.3 64 22 - 28 37 0.009 0.01 8.0 6.0

Grccnuood 17.2 5.06 2 170 1.1 6.7 50 8 - 31 38 0.024 0.01 9.8 2.5

One 19.3 3.55 11 21 2.4 6.7 21 15 10 11 40 0.010 0.04 4.2 3.9

Scyen Beaver 19.6 5.63 2 168 0.0 6.5 49 13 23 28 43 0.042 0.06 5.4 1.6- - ----- -

Birch 23.6 25.62 8 55 1.9 7.1 69 23 37 14 30 0.073 0.10 8.9 4.9

L0~ 26.0 1. 79 2 30 2.6 7.1 46 14 18 14 11 0.008 - - 1.6

·.·.'jnne 29.4 1.15 16 110 1.9 7.2 139 43 - 25 24 0.130 0.02 29.0 8.6-

Ku. te Iron 32.6 13.85 15 72 1.1 7.0 52 11 22 14 26 0.031 0.10 8.6 5.2Colby 47.7 2.24 11 136 2.4 7.1 153 33 60 22 23 0.022 0.09 29.8 . 6.5---- I-

So. l'~cDougal 67.6 1.12 2 260 0.9 6.7 36 11 17 23 40 0.010 - 6.0 5.2~_. ---

Gabbro 78.2 3.63 15 100 1.4 7.3 48 18 25 15 27 0.037 0.05 4.3 7.3

45 1.8- -- -

0.06Fall 106.4 8.93 10 6.7 43 16 24 13 30 0.030 5.4 4.5----Slate 322.8 0.96 3 180 - 6.8 51 21 22 27 5CJl~ 0.060 0.02 5.6 5.8

"'0':0mr-s:Z~

:0-<o:0:t>-n--IencOJC-m(')--I--Io~»C-

O:0

:0m<enozoozo--I

oCo-Im'

* contaminated?

table 3 .. Physical and chemical charaoteristics ot stu~ area lakes. Lakes are arranged in orderor increasing values tor. Schindler's (1971) ratio Ad +Ao/V. (Ad.. area or terrcstri:llportion of lake's drainage; Ao • surface area ot la.1{e; V • volume of lake.) Water chem1strrvalues are averages for summertime samples, 1976 and 1977. For survey lakes only one ortloJO measurements were made.

W0\

37

Table 4. Lake groups based on total organic carbon and color'." (TOO values are mg/l; color values are Pt-Co units.)

Toe = 6 - 1 TOO = 11 - 16 TCC = 22 - 31

Color = 2 - 7 Color = 14 - 100 Color = 80 - 260

Tofte One Colby

Bass Bearhead Cloquet

Cleanm.ter Big So. l-lcDougal

Triangle Bear Island Wynne

Turtle Slate

Fall Seven Beaver

vlhite Iron Sand

Long Pine

Birch Whiteface

Gabbro Greenwood

Perch

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

38

'.Table , •. -Lake groups based on surmnertime measurements o:f

chlorophyll a. (No data are available for'Whiteface Reservoir.)

Max. Chlorophyll ~ (pg/l)

0-4 I 5 - 10 II - 20

Tofte Bear Island Green~vood

Clearwater Bearhead Seven Beaver

Bass Triangle Birch

Big H~nite Iron

Pine Colby

Turtle Gabbro

Cloquet Slate

Sand Perch

One

Long

\-lynne

So. McDougal

Fall

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

"JJmr-~

z»:0-<o:0 1».-n-IC/)

Ctoe-mo-I-Io~»c...o:0'

:0m<(j)

ozoozo-I

oCo-Im

Table 6. Thermal stratification of study' area lakes, 1976.

June-July August

Strong Weak None Strong Weak None

White Iron Seven Beaver Colby \-lhite Iron Gabbro(Sta. 1) Gabbro

(Sta. 1) BirchPrimary Colby vJhite Iron White IronLakes (Sta. 2) (Sta. 2)

Birch Seven Beaver

One Fall Clearwater

Bass Big Cloquet

Tofte Bearhead Pine

Survey Triangle Perch Long No DataLakes Wynne Whiteface Slate

Bear Island Reservoir So. McDougal

Sand

Greenwood

Turtle

W\0

40

Table 7. Chlorophyll 2; concentrations (P.g/1) in primary 1ake&, 1976.

Lake Station Hay June August September October

~"." 1 5.6 6.0 10.5 12.0 -Birch 2 5.3 6.5 14.0 11.4 il.O

3 6.0 7.6 14.0 10.9 12.5

4 7.4 8.0 11.1 11.4 14.7

White Iron 1 4.9 4.4 11.4 13.4 13.62 4.9 6.7 12.9 15.4 7.1

Gabbro 1 6.2 8.7 10.4 li.1 10.0

2 4.0 8.0 14.4 15.3 6.5

Seven Beaver 1 9.6 12.0 12.3 - -2 8.5 8.5 11.8 - -

Colby 1 4.9 3.3 li.1 li.l 7.32 3.3 4.4 12.9 12.3 5.3

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

41

Table 8. Dominance for algal groups in summer samples from study lakes •.Data for p!imary lakes during 1976 are from August samples.

Number of Lakes Showing Dominance byAlgal Group Each Algal Group*

1976 1977

Cyanophyta 9 5

Chrysophyta 7 5

Cabillariophyta 7 2

Chlorophyta 1 2- -

Total number oflakes sampled 24 14

*Dominance is based on total unit concentrations, not cellconcentrations, for each group in each sample.

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

42

Table 9. Phytoplan.l(ton species diversity (number of species observed) in studylakes, StU:lITlcr sallples, 1976 and 1977. Data for primary'lakes during1976 are from August samples. No summer samples ~rere collected for~fuiteface Reservoir.

Number of SpeciesLake Bacillario- Chloro- Cyano- Chryso- Crypto- P";rrho- Eugleno-

phyta phyta phyta phyta phyta phyta phytaTotal

Pri.r.1ar"/:

Bi~h '76 31 32 21 7 1 2 3 91'71 16 8 9 5 1 3 1 43

Seven Beaver 176 45 37 19 6 1 1 5 114'77 22 22 11 4 1 1 0 61

~lhite Iron 176 26 19 18 6 2 1 0 72'77 10 6 6 7 0 1 0 30

Colby '76 28 12 10 6 2 3 0 61'77 28 9 5 4 1 1 1 49

Gabbro '76 27 16 16 6 2 2 2 71

Survey:

Pine 176 26 11 5 7 1 3 1 54'71 12 14 4 6 0 3 1 40

Bass 176 11 10 9 4 1 1 0 36'17 12 9 8 0 1 1 1 32

Bearhead 176 15 12 3 1 2 5 0 44'71 11 13 7 4 1 2 1 39

Perch 176 18 11 1 1 1 3 2 43177 0 7 2 3 0 0 0 12

Sand '76 29 9 4 7 2 4 0 55'71 10 7 2 3 1 1 0 24

Gre~t;009. '76 11 16 5 4 1 1 2 40'71 18 13 5 6 0 0 1 43

Tofte '76 12 1 4 3 1 0 0 21'71 12 9 1 1 1 0 0 30

Turtle '76 22 16 8 2 1 6 1 56177 24 16 12 4 0 4 0 60

\<f.ynne 176 19 7 5 4 3 1 0 39'77 3 3 1 1 0 0 0 8

Bear Island '76 19 13 12 4 2 2 2 54'77 12 19 7 4 1 0 2 45

Fall '76 22 15 6 7 2 2 0 54Long '76 44 12 4 7 1 2 0 70Big '76 20 24 14 4 J 3 1 69Slate '76 50 7 2 2 J 2 1 67So. McDougaJ. '76 46 11 5 3 2 1 2 70One '76 16 11 8 11 1 3 0 50Cloquet 176 33 25 12 4 3 4 2 83Triangle '76 14 6 9 4 1 3 0 37

I Clenrwater 176 11 14 9 6 1 2 0 43

Note: Where samples were collected at several stations in a lake, these ~re pooled.Apparent differences in species diversity betvreen 1976 and 1977 in primary lakesare artIfacts since they result from Doolinr; different m.unbc-rs of samples.

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

43

Table 10. Characteristic phytoplankton algae of study lakes. Alga€ included in thetable are those which were present in more than two-thirds of the lakesduring at lea::3t tr~ sampling seasons and ..mch 'trere present as dominantson at least one occasion. For the Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta,and ChrJsophyta dominant species are defined as the 5 most abundant speciesin each group in a given sample. For the CT"jptophyta and Pyrrhophytadominant species are defined as the 2 most abundant species. The number o£units (not cells) of a species was taken as the measure of its abundance.

Percent of Lakes in which Species was Dominant or Present

Species Summer 1976 Summer 1977 Fall 1976 Fall 1977(24 lakes sampled) (15 lakes sampled) (23 la~es sampled) (12 lakes sampled)

Dominant Present Dominant Present Dominant Present Dominant Present:

Bacillariophyta

Asterionella formosai 75 96 53 80 96 J.OO 83 92Cyclotella bodanica 33 75 13 60 13 78 0 17Fragilaria crotonensis 71 96 67 93 48 87 33 61Melosira a~bigua 29 19 21 53 74 91 58 83Helosira dista'1s 50 1J. 27 61 39 70 8 25Nitzschia sp. 46 88 21 67 17 87 33 58Tabellaria fenestrata/ 61 96 41 100 61 83 75 J.OO

Chlorophyta

Ankistrodesmu.s falcatus \/including varieties 75 96 40 81 61 9J. 50 75acicularis u mirabilis

Botryococcus Braunii 2J. 88 " 27 40 4 87 8 8/

Oocysti 5 sp. 54 88 20 81 43 87 8 42

Cyanophyta

Agmenellum ouadruDli-catum (= l'~eris:noDedia 71 19 61 81 43 70 17 J.1glauca)

Aphanocaosa delicatissimaJ 88 92 60 80 78 83 58 67Coelosohaeriun Kuetzing- 50 88 20 27 43 91 8 17ianum

Chrysophyta

Dinobryon bavaricum 92 92 60 73 70 87 33 33Dinob~{on diveT2ens 75 75 60· 60 70 87 50 58Dinobryon sertularia var. 58 71 60 67 30 65 17' 25protuberans

Cryptophyta

CryptoITlonas ~./ 79 8) 60* 67* 74 78 92 92

Pyrrhophyta

Ceratiurn hirundinella 50 88 7 47 17 74 8 8

*Cryptomonas spp.

PRELIMINARY-D~AFTSUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTEL-- ._ .. .#<. •• •. .,.. ~

r-----1

I :\!1

Table 11. Proportion of Diatoms in Surface Water Phytoplankton and Proportion of Dominantswithin Diatom Samples. ~

~

--0':xJm'r--~

z»::0-<o::0 1

»'-n-ICJ)

COJ

,C-

~ m()-I-I

'0~»c-O::0 1

:0m<CJ)

ozoozo-I

oCo-I

~ m'

Diatoms as percentage of totalphytoplankton cells in surfacewater samples t July or Augustand October t 1976.

Percentage of frustulescontributed by top 10 diatoms

- in surface watersamples

- in surface sedimentsamples

Clearwater

6.4%

81%

69%

Gabbro

7.6%

89%

63%

Birch

13.0%

98%

68%

White Iron

11.4%

84%

62%

45

Table 12. Summary of percentages of planktonic and benthic speciescontributed by the top 10 diatoms in surface sediment samples.

Planktonicdominants

Benthic~ ···:·dominants

Total percentcontributed bytop 10 diatoms

CLEARWATER

44.1%

24.9%

69.1%

GABBRO

49.9%

13.1%

63.0% .

BIRCH

62.0%

6.3%

68.3

WHITE IRON

53.4%

8.8%

62.2%

..- ....1-- PR~~IM;NARY-D;AFTSUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTEIL-~--_._. . ._-

46

Appendix A

Tables 1 through 20 summarize the abundance of 'dominant' taxa in ea'ch

of the algal divisions in lakes sampled for the Regional Study in summer

and fall, 1976 and 1977. Dominants are defined as the five most abundant

taxa in each of the group Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, and

.....~~rysophyta, and the two most abundant taxa in Cryptaphyta and Pyrrhophyta.

Taxa are included in the tables if they appeared as dominant in any of the

lakes in the sample period tabulated. The abundance of dominant taxa is

given in units/mI.

Counting units utilized were:

Unicells - each cell

Diatoms - each complete frustule (2 valves)

Filaments - 100 microns length

Discrete colonies - each 4,8,16,32, or 64cell colony

Indiscrete colonies - every 8 cells

Dense colonies - every 50 cells

Cells per counting 'unit' were recorded for discrete and indiscrete colonies.

Examples of discrete colonial forms include Pandorina, Volvox, and Oocystis.

Indiscrete colonial forms include Agmenellum (Merismopedia), Chroococcus and

Crucigenia. Examples of dense colonies are Microcystis, Aphanothece, and

other cocoid blue-greens.

For taxa present but not dominant in a lake on that date, the entry is a P.

For 1976, when 2 samples were analyzed from more than one station per lake

for many lakes, the numbers given are averages of all samples collected and

analyzed from that lake, that date.

TOTALS GIVEN ARE TOTAL UNITS FOR THE GROUP, INCLUDING ALL TAXA, NOT JUST INTHE TABLE.

f-' ....j

PRELIMINARY-D~AFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTEI

. L-__----

4T

Samples were collected with a 4 meter integrated sampler tube during

the time intervals shown below:

All Lakes

Sample Period

Summer, 1976

October, 1976

Primary Lakes ('76)

June 15 - June 24

October 5 - October 14

Survey Lakes ('76)

July 7 - July 15

October 18 - October 25

Summer, 1977

October, 1977

July 6 - July 12

October 12 - October 14

l~··· ~R~L1M;NARY-D~AFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE...../A _ ~ - ~......... ~.,. ~

'wI­o::::>aI­oZ

oozoen

I>'.w~cc"'-,f; CC~o,:J ..,

~<t:'2~

tr.I C

~ ~ 0 .~8 ....>'0.0 '0 ....

0,W ;..,co::::>en....u.<t:CCo>­CC<t:Z

~--J,w

a:a.

U'l '0 11le <ll ..0.-1<114.1 0...0ctl e e

..... ctl :JQtr.lZ

.. \4.<\4) 0,...0\ OJ...... u_ C

ctl .. ctl4.1 >. "'0>,..-1 C.c :J ;:lQ...., .0o ctl

..... 1-11-1 0 4.1ctl s::

..... CJ CJ

.-I s:: III

..... ;:l ~

(J ..., 1-1ctl P.

a::l C ¢J- ..... '"'

.......~io4

.-

ctl4.JI1l

'"'I1l 4.J'r4 til ,.J'"' CJ -(ctl s:: t-o

.-i <ll 0

..-I4-l t-oOJ

.0ctl

ctl'"' Q.-0 III<llF

J.....tiltfI.....4.JI1l(J

'r4ctl .....

'"' <ll'0'0CJ

~

Ul:J(J

v: ctl..... III'0 I1la ""c 4.1ctl tfI.t: ctlQ.<ll

ctlctl 4.J

..... CJc:: tfIQJ .r4

..... tJ)

o Ctil 00 .....N....

I1l Ul..........s:: UlCJ C

..., OJa 'r4til '"'a QJN

'r4.t:

I1lctl 'r4

'r4 '"'Po .c: ctl(J Q. ..... Q.

III III III ;:l IIIN s::4.1 s::

I1l..... tilctl <ll

.c: -0Q. 'r4OJ a(J .....o ctl .....4.1 ..... QJ

ctl Q. ctl;:l ctl 4.1 ctl..... >- ..... Q. ...... ;:l .....;:l '"' ;:l;:l ;:l (J ;:l(J (J (J f30 (J III (J

.r4 ..... 'r4 .r4

~ ~. ~ ~

ctl(J.....

ctl .....1-1 ctl

..... 4.1III .....a.....QJ

ctl4.Jctl

M;:l

ctl s::'"' ctl'r4 1-1III eoa.....OJ

Uls::ctl

ctl 4.J1-1 Ul..........Ul'Oa

M

ctl:J00

ctl 'r41-1..0..... eUl ctla.....

Ul.r4ms::Q)

ctl C..... a'"' 4.Jctl aM 1-1..... (J

00ctl1-1

Uls::Q);:l

ctl 1-1..... 4.J1-1 enctl s::

M 0..... (J00ctl

'"'

ctls::

ctl .....'r4 (J1-1 ;:lctl Q.

..... ctl..... (J

00ctl

tfI.....~o

4-l'r4.....;:l(J

ctl 'r4..... >..... ctlQJ s::

!

ctlctl ctl '"'..... ctl (J ~

en ..-I en ctl 'r4 ctl OJ~ ~ 0 ..... s:: ..... 'r4

.t: g e ..-I ctl ..... ..-14.1 <11-0 ~..-I

s:: f30 .... 0 4.1 0 4.1 ~

ctl II) ,",4-1 0.0 04.1s:: <ll ..... ..-1 m

.t: 4.1 (J (J~ U IIJ '" '" G ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ :i: l2: Z Z Z Z p,; ~ ~ Vi til· til' ~< < u u-_... _-

Greenwood - 218 - - - - - 42 P 26 - - - - - - 42 - P - - - - 48 413Colby 3 7 - - - - - P P P P P - P - P P P P - P - 2.0 3.0 33Bass - P 19 - 4 - - 276 21 - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 330Bear Island P 4 12 P - - - P P P P 9 - - - - 4 P P - -' - - 12 73

Birch P 27 P P - - - P - 46 100 - - P - P P - P P 26 - P 18 501

Bearhead - - P 4 - - - 4 9 - - - - - - P 10 - - - - - P 4 50

Seven Beaver - 153 P P P - - 173 P P 166 - P P - 58 P P - - P - P 230 1054Pine - 53 11 P P - - p p - - P P - - - 27 - 32 - - - - 11 171Perch - 76 P P P - - p P 21 - - - - - - 13 - 60 100 - - - P 434

Tofte - 5 - - - - - 106 - - - - - 5 5 P P - - - - - - P 136Sand - P P P - - - 82 21 107 P P P - - - 56 P 33 P - - - P 431Wynne P P - P P - - 5 - P P P 5 - - 3 5 - - 5 - - - P 37White Iron P 74 P P P 7 P 51 45 P P P P P P P P 22 250 -- - - - - PTurtle P 9 12 - P - - 4 P - - - - P - - 5 P P - - - - 142 193Gabbro P 175 P P - - - 58 P 400 215 - - P - P P P P p p - P 85 1102Triangle - 79 3 - - - - 76 P - - - - p - - P - 18 P - - - 24 224Fall p p p - - - - 147 55 P 281 P P P - - P - 52 - - - - 139 912Long - 244 - P - ~ - 63 63 P 39 - P P - P 34 p P P - - p p 719One P 42 21 P - - - - P 42 - P - - - - - - 26 90 - - P P 348

Cloquet P 8 - - - - - 8 76 P - - P P - P 34 10 - - - - - P 227Clearwater P 2 12 - - - - p - - - - - 4 - p - - 47 - - - P 65 136S. McDougal - 45 P p P P - 34 P 26 - P P - - p 3 p - - - - - 37 261Slate p p p p - 16 38 P 52 10 - P - P - P P P - - - - - 10 142

Big - 77 49 P - - - 146 - 58 - - - - - - p - p - p - p 140 523

-,

OJ~

I'.1

I

i

:_J\.

49

istrodesmusalcatus

istrodesmusalcatus. acicularisistrodesmusalcatus• mirabilisistrodesmuspirales

hrodesmusalfsii

hrodesmusriangularis

ryococcusraunii

amydomonusp.

bus inarebissonii

ucleariap.

p.marium

cigenapiculata

cigeniarregularis

cigeniap •

cigeniaetrapedia

cigeniaruncata

cigeniauadrata

tyosphaeriumulchellum

oystisigas

ocystisp.

enkiniaadiata

chneriellaontorta

ractiniumusillum

ystisp.

iastrumetras

AXA

Cd en~ n n 0 I:"" "11 ~ C') ~

~~ en ~ "'d ." en tld tld t;Ill l:J:l n C') I:"".... ... ~ ~ ~ 0 I» "'1 I» c: '< I» 0 ~ .... ~ (1) .... ~ I» 0 "'1 I»

OQ Dl ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ .... cr "'1 ~ ~ ~ '"" "'1 ~ <: I» "'1 III (/) ~ ~ ~

'" :x I» .tJ OQ ~ III cr '" '" ~ Q. '" (') ~ (1) "'1 (') "'1 (/) a' ~ (1)

C' (') ( c: :J "'1 ~ (1) (1) (1) ::7' ~ ::7' ::7' '< ~ (/)

0 (1) OQ 0 (1) (1) 1-1 C0 I» '" ... H tld PI III 0c: '" C' P1 C' C. ... 0

OQ ~ 0 ~PI C.., P1 ;S ~... ftl C....

T

- - - - Ank"'d I I N ." ." "'d ." 00 "'d N I "'d ." I I.W ." ." 00 V1 ." ." ~ ."f

V1 - N ~ N - N I.W - - Ank"'d 00 "'d '" I '" ." \0 V1 0 I '" w - I w N - ." I 00 I ." ." f

var

I "'d I I I I N N I I I w I I I ." I ." ." ." I ." Ank\0 ..- V1 \0 N f

":'IT

I "'d ." ." I I I 1 I I 1 1 I 1 N 1 I 1 I I 1 I I I Ank- 5

I , ." I I I ." 1 ." I I ." I 1 I 1 I ." ~ 1 1 I ." I Artr

, I I ..... I I -I I I I I I 1 I 1 1 1 ." 1 I I I 1 1 Artt

I I I 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 I w I I I I I I 1 1 Barnb- -N - w I N I ." I 1 I ." I I 1 I ." - I I I I I I V1 Bin..- ~ N ..- - \0S-00 I V1 ." ." ." ." ." 00 "'d - "'d "'d I "'d W "'d "'d "'d I V1 "'d I "'d Botb

1 I 1 I I "'d I "'d I I 1 1 I I 1 I I ." I I I I I ." ChIs

00 I 1 ." ." ." I ." ." "'d ." ." I ." ." V1 I ." "'d ." "'d ." I "'d CosS

00 ." "'dN Cru

I ..... 1 I I I "'d "'d I I I I I I ." I I I I I ~

a

I I I I "'d I I 1 I I I I 1 1 I I 1 I I I I w I I CruV1

i

I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I "'d 1 1 I I 1 1 I ." I I w I Crus

." I 00 N "'d - "'d."'d "'d I ..., I I "'d "'d I I "'d 1 I ..... Cru~ 00 - ..... 00 0 ~

t

I I "'d I I I I 1 1 N I ." I 1 1 "'d I "'d 1 I I I I I Cru0

t

N I "'d I V1 "'d 1 N 1 I "'d 1 I "'d I I "'d I I I I I 1 "'d Cru'" 0 ..-

q

I , 1 1 1 1 I 1 I "'d I 1 I 1 I I I "'d 1 "'d 1 "'d "'d I DicP

I I I 1 1 1 '" ..- Gle1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I 1 I I N I "'d I I 0 I

g

I , 1 I "'d I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 I I I w 1 I Gle0

s

I I , 1 "'d I I 1 I I I 1 I 1 I I ..- I I "'d 1 1 I I Gol'" r

." I I I "'d I 00 I 1 I I 1 I I I 1 I 1 1 I I I I 1 Kirc, , I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I "'d 1 I 1 I 1 1 I 1 I 1 1 I MicP- - N "'d "'d "'d - ." "'d V1 V1 "'d I I ~ "'d N N I "'d w Ooc

'" V1 0' W 00 V1 00 0 0 w .....5

, , ~ PedI 1 I 1 I 1 I w 1 "'d I I 1 , I ." 1 ." I I "'d 1t

Table 2. ChlorophytaSampled in June or July, 1976, by RCNSNumbers represent abundance of dominants in units/mI •

... ...

wr-

°:Jar­oz

°oz

.0.... -~enqI -.:: >§ wc: 0:.....

0:o...,«,~

or-....ow .....,~

co:Jen....LL«0:o>­0:«z~

~4.1C

tI.l t'Il

:z cu .....c:r:: e

o>'"d

.0 .....~ 0

\0,...., QJC\ C).... c

.. eo>'"0.... c::=' ::l...,.0

co

...JW0:C.

~

o 4.1c::

Q) Q)c:: II)::l Q)

..., ~

c­eo c:: Q)4J ..... ~

>...c::"t:llllo.aJ~0 .... aJI:: 0..0co e e>. co ='UtI.lZ

MQI....

.A

~

eo eoII) 4.10.(1)eo-.-4C)..c::o tJI:: eo ..-iCil..-i Cil

CilE

-.-4II)

E II):::l '.-4

'.-4 4.1"0 IJJ•.-4 I::e bOj., I::

'.-4-.-4e

'.-4W

Cil..c::>'aJ.obObOCilI::

e:::l E

•.-4 ::l Cilj., I:: .....W Cil ..c::Cil '.-4 C)

..e..-i .....o..aJ j.,II) eo 4.1o W 0

..-i Cil aJ 0.

eE :::l:::l I::

-.-4 ('Ij~ -.-4W bO('Ij I::

..e -.-4o..NII) 4.1o W

..-i :::l~

IJJW IJJ IJJ (J) :::ltJ :::l ;::l ;::l tJW tJ IJJ tJ '.-4

..e tJ ~ C) 4.14.1 o aJ o aJ0 tJ 0.. tJ I::I:: o IJJ o ECil 0. 0-.-4 0·.-4

aJtJ II)

W I::..e eoU..-io ;::lI::"t:leo .....

I::

eoII)

0..eotJoI::Cil 0.

..e

II)II)

'.-44.1e ('Ij

=' tJ4.1 •.-4co ..-i cotJ W E

-.-4 ('Ij I:: "0 •.-4..-i II) W tJ o W (J)0.. -.-4 ('Ij '.-4 (J) (J)('Ij I:: ('Ij Cil (J)

E ::l ..-i ::l I:: W W(J) W ::l (J) -.-4='"0 ('Ij 0" 0 "0 "o(J) E 0" 0..4.1

..-i-.-4 eo I:: Cil co eo 4.1 Cil -.-4 Cil ·.-4Cil Cil o Cil Cil Cil

..-i ~ 1::-.-4 I:: I I:: tJ I:: 0 I:: O~ I:: N I tJ tJaJ"t:l aJ C) aJ (J) W I:: aJ ~ aJ j.,C) aJ ..... (J) 0'.-4I:: eo eo ~ ('Ij 0 eo ('Ij Cil '.-4 Cil-.-4 eo I:: 0 I::..-iaJ =' .0-.-4 .o..-i .o..-i .0 0...0 0.. .0 0. Cil..-i Cil aJ~ - - ."" - .... ....---. - .. - ...... v .. -.., '01"_ ...., \II .....- --r ....... ·v _ __ .....--.- ....... '01# _ V .... r--, w ~ \U..... V \lJ ~......, v "'" .-...- \,&I ....

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ D D 8 8 a $ f ~ r3~~:-"_---+--+---t--1

Greenwood 414 - - - - - 32 - 117 - - - - - 875 - - - - - 1443

Colby P 45 95 - P - 30 86 P - - - - - P - - - - - 448

Bass - - 30 18 - - P 26 53 - - P - P 21 P - - - - 158

Bear Island 95 P 19 P - - P - 55 - - P 35 19 P P - - - 9 257

Birch 144 P P P P P P 1727 1394 P - P - - P 675 - - - - 9231

Bearhead 60 - - - - - 5 2 - - - - - - - P - - - - 67

Seven Beaver 2820 P - p - - P P a7500 P 8363 P P P P 1938 - - - - 8409

Pine 127 - - - - - 5 - 27 - - - - 5 21 - - - - - 185

Perch - - - - - - - - 3 - - - - - - - - - - - 3

Tofte - - - - - - 26 - 80 P - - - - 5 - - - 366? 477

Sand 98 - - 19 - - - - 40 - - - - - P 2 - - - - 159

Wynne - - 21 - - - - 8 3 - - - 3 - 5 P - - - - 40

White Iron P 115 - P 55 - P 76 275 P - - - - P P - - - - 1844

Turtle 63 - P - - - - - 23 P - - 179 P - - - 14 - 67 360

Gabbro 178 P P P 305 P P P 763 950 - P P P P P - - - - 8649

Triangle - - 24 P - - P 10 10 P - - 10 - P P 32 - - 10 109

Fall 34 - - - 29 - - 26 60 P - - - P 63 P - - - 10 222

Long 218 - - - - - 10 - 92 - - - - - 32 - - - - - 352

One 175 - - - - - P - 32 - - 69 P P 133 P - - - - 429

Cloquet 220 - - - - - P - 83 - - - P 16 108 P - - - 5 493

Clearwater 207 - P - - - P - 93 - 26 - - - 19 - - - - 77 446

s. McDougal 375 - 8 - - - 3 - 37 - - - - - 129 - - - - - 552

Slate 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 4

Big 121 P - - - - - P 184 - - P - 123 P 51 - - - 202 804

·-1

o,Lt"\

;..'

j

LJ\.

Wt-O:Jat-OZ

00

z0-en->LUa:

I a:0..,<t:

111~

'"' 0>- ,,t:0. t-o~

0 t-.....6 ()

w"i..,~ coc: :J0u en-

N t-CIl U.

..... <t:.0 I~ 0:

0

>-0:<t:Z-~

--'wa:C.

,..;(Ij

eOJ~

S OM=' 4J

oM til"0 (Ij.... ,.0..c:,o4J ='

§ s~ ::l

"0 SQ) ....til I:l~ oM

s a=' ::l~ K4J 0til "0(Ij (Ij~ ~::l (Ij

SOMtilo S

,..; ='>,~

"tJ (Ij~,..;

tiloM oM4J ~

til OJ>,4JU Q)o 0~ ~

Q)..c:(Ij U

(Ij (IjOM OM (Ij~ ~ ~Q)°M Q)Q)"O>'"ObOQ) (Ij Q) OMO"tJ 0 ~~ =' ~ Q)

(IjStiloNo~Q) •(Ij 0.

til='StilQ)

"0Q)~ 0.

(Ij"0

til ='=' (IjS Util oMOJ ~"0"0Q) (Ij

~ ='

til='4J

til (Ij=',..;S ='til UOJ ...."04J

OJ ~~ <lJ

til=' tilS ~til (IjOJ "0

"tJ ~Q) ='~,o

(Ij ....,..; ~

::l Q)bON.... ~~ ....

"0 ~

~o

"0o

S (Ij• =' ~~ til 4J4J (Ij OJtil ~ 4J(Ij 4J

.... OJ •~ "tJ,",~ (ljo. 11I (Ij Q)"tJ Q) 0' Q) til ..c: til ..c:..., ..c: til ..c: til \J ..... 'u ..... ... = I-' UI '0U U U U 0. U U 0. 0. '"' Q) til: :> 6- t/) t/) t/) t/) t/) t/) (J) t/) t/) t/) E-4 ><: E-4-_ ....--

Greenwood P - - - P - P - - 32 P - - P 435Colby - - P - P P - - 2 - - - - - 56Bass - P - P - - - 18 - 12 23 - P P 133Bear Island 4 P - P P P - - - - p - P - 74Birch - P P - P P - - 7 42 - - - - 165Bearhead 4 5 - 10 - - - - - - - - - - 55Seven Beaver - - - - 77 - - - - p p P - - 589Pine P 11 11 P P - - - - P - P P 111Perch 21 - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 63Tofte - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21Sand p - - - 5 - - - - - - - P - 82Wynne - - - p - - - - - p - - - - 39White Iron - - - - 9 P - - P P P - - - 192Turtle P 7 - 19 P - - - - - -- - p - 94Gabbro - - - - - P - - - P P - - P 481

Triangle - - - p - - - - - - P - - - 39

Fall p - - - p - P - - 71 P - - P 229Long p 8 p - p - - - 10 - - - p - 94One P 16 - - p - - - - - p - - - 92Cloquet 68 197 P P P P P - - - - - P - 784Clearwater P P - - - - P - - - 12 - P - 149S. McDougal P - - P P - - - - - - - - 5 93Slate - - - - P - - - - - - - - - 34Big P .P - P P - 44 - P - - - 81 - ~77

I .....I'"

,.

1

II

1_. j

52 ~.J

tritractuse1anophorus

ysosphaerellaongispina

obryanavaricum

obryany1indricum

obryanivergens

obryanociale

obryanociale.· amer~canum

obryanertulia• protuberansobryanp.

lomonaskrokomoms

lomonasseudcornata

lomonasp.

iocytinumicuspididatumiocytinumupitatum .• Iong~son~num

iocytinump.

pitacoccuspiculatis

p.

uravella

uradamsii

ura

bonemap •

a1

AXA

en n n §> t"" "91 ""l c;") ""l ~ ~ en ""l '"d '"d en t::I:' t::I:' tlI1 os n c;") t""Cd ~ >'1 I» c: '< I» 0 ltl ~ ltl ltl ~ ro III 0 '1 I».... .... .... .... 0 I»< I» '1 I» 1Il .... ltl ;0;-

00 OJ ro 0 III ::;) .... ~ C" >'1 ~ ::;) ::;) .... >'1 ::;)ltl

" ::.t I» ..0 OQ .... I» C" " " ::;) e- " (') ro ltl >'1 (') >'1 1Il C" ltl::;) >'1 .... ltl ltl III ::r ::l ::r ::r '< ::l ctI

III (') ( c: CI::' III OQ 0 III III 1-4t::I:' OJ ctI 00 I» " .... 1-4III ~ .... 0c: " III '1OJ I» ~OQ III 0

::l < :sOJ '1III ~.... '1

T

, , I '"d '"d '"d I I I '"d I ..., I I I '"d '"d I '"d .... CenN VI VI N .... b

ChrI , I I I '"d • I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1

.- VI ..... .- .- Din- VI I 0- .- VI \".l '"d ..... ....... ..... 0- co '"d .... I .... ~

\D 0 VI .- ~ 0- N \".l ....... ~ 0- ....... ..... VI VI ....... 0- N \".l N b....

'"d I I DinI I I I I '"d ~ I I '"d I I I I I I I I I~

..., VIC

\".l .- .- .- N w DinN, ....... VI ~ ~ co I I I N co 0- N '"d I W I..., I.oJ I.oJ VI N \".l N 0' 0- VI VI 0' \0 ~ VI ~ 0 d....... DinI I I I I I' I .- I I '"d I I 0 I I ..... I I I I I..., 0 0 0- N

S

I I I ..., I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J I Din0 s

varVI Din.- I '"d ....... '"d .- I ...,

~ VI '"d ~ I I I VI N I ..... J J~ co N co \".l N ~ 0- 0' VI ..... ~ co s

. varD.in

I I I I '"d .- I I '"d I .- I J J I I J I IVI \".l \".l co N \".l V1 S

I I I I J I I J I I I I I I J J J I I I I I MalVI ...,

a

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J I I I I I I I I I Malp

.... .... ..... 0- N MalI 0- I V1 V1 '"d \".l I.oJ '"d .- I ~ \".l I I '"d V1 "'d ~ '"d I I .... .-

S

I I I I I I I I I "'d I '"d I I I I I \0 I I I J J I Ophb

I , I I J '"d .... I I I J I I "'d I I J I I J JOph

I.oJ VI VI VI cvar, I I I I I I I I "'d I '"d I I I I I I I I I I I I

Ophs

, , I I I I I I I ..... I I I I I I I I I I I I I I StiN

a

I , I I I I.oJ I I I I I I I I I I J I I I I I I I Syn...,a

~ .... .t:- ....., I I I J \0 \0 ~ ..... ....... I \0 J I.oJ I J co 0- J I J SynI.oJ ~ N 0- \0 0- VI ~ \0 ~ ~ .......

N U

, I I I J J J J J I I J I I I I I I I J I I 1 ISyn

sI I I J I J I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J Tri

s.... .... ....I.oJ .- \".l N N ....... co VI ..... N ....... N \".l .- W N \".l TotI.oJ N co co N 0 ....... ....... ~ \0 VI 0- \0 VI .- ~ .- co ....... \".l \0 N ~ .........., 0- 0- \".l 0 0' co VI 0' .... co N VI 0' N \0 \0 \0 ....... .... 0- ~ \0

Table 4. ChrysophytaSampled in June or Jury, 1976, by' RCNSNumbers represent abundance of dominants in units/mI.

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE'" ..

53

roemonassp.

tal

yptomonaserosa

yptomonas

i:o~~flexayptomonasmarsonii

yptomonasovata

NOFLAGELLATES

ratiumhirundinella

stodiniuminers

enodiniumpenardinforme

enodiniumoculatum

sp.

tal

GLENOPHYTA

AXACRYPTOPHYTES

glenasp.

acusacuminatus

tal

achelomonassp.

acussp.

'lchelomonasvnlvocina

enodiniumsp.

ymnodiniumsp.

ridiniuminconspicuum

ridiniuumwisconsinenseridinium

tp en ~ n n 0 r-- ""1 ~ C') ~ ~ :r: CJ) ~ otl "tl CJ) t:l:l t:l:l tll1 t:l:l n C') r--.... ~ ~ t-' ::l 0 lU f'1 Ql c.: '< lU 0 ~ I-'- ~ ~ .... ~ Ql 0 f'1 Ql

00 II) ~ 0 ~ ::l t-' .... 0" f'1 I-'- ::l ::l '"" f'1 ::l <: Ql f'1 Ql U1 t-' ~ jll;'"

" :x tJ· .0 OQ t-' Ql 0" " " ::l 0- " ("l ~ ~ f'1 ("l f'1 U1 0" ~ ~

a> ("l

~c.: ::l f'1 t-' ~ ~ ~ ;;T ::l ;;T ::r' '< ::l U1

0 ~ OQ 0 ~ ~ I-l ~

0 Ql " ..... I-l ta:l lU en 0c: " ~ '1 ~ Po .....

10

00 ~ 0 II) lU PoII) '1 :s < ::l... ~ Po

'1T

1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I 1Ch, I I I I 1 -I 1 I 1 1

w ~ 1 ..- 1 \0 a- t ~Cr..., \J1 - N - \0 ..- - w I ~ 1 ~ N ..-

~ (X) w a- (X) .... \0 ..., - a- ..... ..- a. \0 0 (X)

OJ

- I w 1 VI 1 1 I 1 VI otl w ..- N I 1 1 - I a. 1 I ~ 1 Cr~ ~ N OJ ..., 0 \0

va

1 I I I ..- 1 1 I I I I I I I 1 I 1 1 ..... 1 "tl 1 I I Crw

~ - 1 I 1 I 1 ..- I ..... I a. (X) I I I I ..., I ~ \0 I - 1 CrN OJ a. 0 N VIN

N - N N W \0 ..- .... w .... ~ \0 ..... N ..- W .... N N - - a. a- ~ ToVI ..., - - a- dJ w \0 W N W W a. ..... .... ~ w 0 0 0 ~ CP..., a- 0 N CP

Dr

"tl I VI I "tl - "tl w w I I "tl "tl otl "tl "d "'d "d "'d "tl N VI I VI Ce-VI 1 I N I I I I I I I 1 1 I I I 1 I "d I 1 I I 1 Cy

I 1 1 I I I 1 I 1 1 I - I I I I I 1 1 I I I I I Gl

1 I 1 I I I 1 1 w 1 I 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I Gl

1 - 1 \0 VI 1 I ..- I ..- VI w I I I I .... ~ .... I I I I I Gl0 w .... \0

I I I 1 VI I I I I I I I I I I I I I "d I w I I I G

I ~ I I I I 1 I - I "d I ..- - I w VI I ..- I I I I I Pe0 0 0'1 N 000 VI

..., I 1 I 1 "d "d 1 otl I ..- I I "d I a. VI I "tl I I I I I PeN 0

I 1 1 1 N ~ ..- I 1 I 1 I I 1 I 1 I I otl I I I - I Pe- 00 0

.... ~ VI ..- w a- .... .... .... - N ~ - N 0 W N ~ ..- - VI VI ..- VI To~ ~ .... ~ ~ W 0'1 a. VI 0 N \0 .... VI- ..-

EU

I w otl I I otl 1 I "tl .... N I I I I otl I "tl I otl I 1 otl VI Eu

• 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 I otl I 1 I 1 1 I .1 I 1 -' 1 I 1 I Ph

N I otl I I otl otl I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I otl "tl 1 1 VI Ph

I I I I w 1 I 1 I 1 1 I I I I N I I 1 1 1 1 I 1 Tr,a.

I I VI 1 w 1 otl 1 I I 1 1 I I I I VI N I otl VI 1 I 1 Tr

N w (X) 0 a. 0 0 0 0 - N 0 0 0 0 N VI W 0 ..- OJ 0 0 -\0 0 To

Table 5. Cryptophyta, Pyrrophyta. EURlenophytaSampled in June or July, 1976, by RCNSNumbers represent abundance of dominants in units/!DX!_

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

..JW0:10.

Wt­O:;)

aI­oZ

oozoen>

~W

.eo:l/)

~o:§ 0

-,«,::20­l-I­oW 'Ii

-,co:;)

enl­Ll.«0:o>­0:«Z

~

III -0 IIIe Col ~0 ..... CiJ~ 0....0

~ ij ~ecn:z:;

iI

I

LJ

\Q

<U......0asfo4

~I

III~

t:(Ijc::

1-.-4e

U) 0z-oucx: ....

o>..

..0 <UtJ

- .C::r.l \0 r.l~,....">.0' c::.c .... ='0.. ..0o • ~

-.-4 ~

~ QJ ~

r.l..o c..... 0 GJ..... ~ III0.-4 U QJU 0 ~(Ij 0..

l:Q C CJ--.-4~

.....(Ij

(IjW

(Ij (Ij-.-4 ~

~ ~(Ij III

..... <U

..... c::QJ QJ

l/)

='tJIII

-.-4 QJ-0 (Ijo ~c: (Ij(Ij bO

..c: (Ij0..-.-4

c:

(Ij-.-4c:: IIIQJ -.-4

..... IIIo c:III QJ0-.-4N ~

<U

(Ij~ (Ij

(Ij (Ij -.-4 (IjW III ..... c:: w(Ij (Ij (Ij -.-4 =' (Ij QJ QJ

(Ij ..... (Ij tJ -.-4 ~ (Ij (Ij (Ij S -.-4 ..... III~ =' ~ -.-4 ..c: (Ij .......... ..... (Ij ..c: 0-.-4

-.-4 c:: -.-4 ..... tJ <Il =' =' =,..c: tJ III bOIII (Ij III (Ij III c:: tJ 0.. tJ..o III o c::o ~ o ~ N -.-4 -.-4 =' -.-4 =' N 0.. N 0

III(Ij c::~ (Ij

-.-4 ~

III III0-.-4.....

,.

l/)l/) -.-4c: UJ

(Ij (Ij (Ij QJ (Ij c:UJ -.-4 c: -.-4 =' -.-4 QJ (Ij

-.-4 ~ -.-4 ~ ~ ~ c: (Ij ='QJ (Ij tJ (Ij ~ (Ij 0 ~ bOc: ..... =' ..... til ..... ~ -.-4 -.-40 -.-4 0.. -.-4 c: -.-4 0 lIl..o

..... Q. bO(Ij bOO bO~ o S

(Ij..........QJ •to..

(Ij (Ij..... ~..... ::3QJ c::

..0-.-4e

(Ij.....

l/) ..... (Ij (Ij<U <U (Ij ..... tJ.c c: l/) ..... -.-4~ o 0 QJ c:c: 0.-4 S ~ (Ij(Ij ~ ~ 0-0c: Q. QJ 0 ..... 0~ ..r;; Ul &..I~ U,.C = C ~ Ul Po III Cll U Cll U Cll U r-1 Cll f'*1 ·u r-1 OU r-1-"" ......... ;> ~ ;> Ul ... Ul .,.., ...... .,.., .... .... ... ""t;j- 0tJ III >.. >.. -.-4 ~ ~ ~ QJ QJ <U QJ -.-4 (Ij (Ij 0.-4

~ ~~

------ < < U U U t=l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :£:: ~ Z :z :z :z U) E-< E-<

Greenwood - 186 - - - P - - P 54 10 - - - - - 5 - P P 44 330Colby P 50 P P P P 29 - 81 53 P 8 - - P - P - - P P 254Bass - 159 16 P - - P - 80 212 P - - - - - P - P P 122 647Bear Island P 144 P P P P 71 - P 80 P 134 P - - - P - P P P 628Birch p 2538 P P P P - P P 371 170 P - - - - P P P 102 89 3462Bearhead - 1092 P - 5 - - - P 29 - - - - - - P - - 3 16 1158Seven Beaver NOT SAMP EDPine - 121 P P - P - - 34 P - - 16 - P P P P 39 P 32 299Perch - 133 53 - - - - - P 32 P - - - - - P P 181 - 483 945Tofte - 172 P P - - - - 86 P P - - - - - P - 11 - 11 289Sand - p P P - 5 - - 992 P 11 P 11 - - - P P P P 159 1193Wynne p 50 - - - - - - 312 - 5 10 P - - - - p P P 16 420White Iron P 1042 P P P P P - P 859 100 P - P P - P 62 - P 62 2316Turtle - 48 11 - - - - - 122 - - - - - 11 - - - p - 281 473Gabbro P 298 P P P - P P 34 47 134 P - - P - P 18 P P P 602Triangle 5 467 - - - - - - 159 58 - - - - - - - - - P 117 807Fall p 173 P - - P - - p P 147 l' 236 - P - P - 94 P 74 1047

l-lhiteface Res. - 10 - - - - - - 16 76 - 3 - - - - p - - - 16 142One P 144 P - P - - - - 321 68 P 118 - - - P P 12 - P 915Cloquet P 368 P 13 - - - - 58 113 p - - p p - 47 - - - P 860

CleaI1Jater P 80 P - - - - - P 74 - - 106 - P - P P 16 P 143 664

s. McDougal P 313 P P - P - 64 P 64 80 P P P P P P - - - 58 876

Slate - 160 - - - - - - - 3 - - - 3 - 3 5 - - - - 188

B1g -- 158 P P P - - - 128 148 P P P - - - 112 P P P 244 1129

~an

-:l

..­\0...,(7\

Cl"'<

F;Zen

~

~.....III

'"(")::r.....o.,o

't1::r'<

"III

enIIIa

't1.....IIICo

....:;:l

g>"oCl"III.,

zc:~III..,III.,III

't1..,III01III::s"~c::;:l0-

~nIII

oH\

0­o13.....::sIII:;:l

"III......::sc:::;)....."01­a.....

nedesmusenticulatus

ogoniump.

goetiap.

chmeriellaunaris

nedesmusbundans

katothrixelatinosa

orinalegans

ystisp.

drigulafitzeri

cigeniaetrapedia

cigeniaruncata

marj,ump.

cigeniapiculatn

cigeniarregularis

cigeniauadrata

istrodesmusalcatus

istrodesmusalcatusacicularisistrodesmusa lcatU"'limIrabl. sryococcusraunii

aerozosmap.

ndlyos1W1llanum

nedesmusuadricauda

roederiaetigera

roederiaudayi

urastrutllp.

raedron1nimum

tellaotryo1des

al

AXA

-If ~-.

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0 III M'l ()Q 0 III III .... C0 III " III ..... .... to III III 0c: " n III ., III 0- ..... 0

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WesI I I I I I I I I I t t I , I I Vt I t I I t Ib00

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Cll.-41-0 OJ .-4=' > Cll

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Cll 81-0 Cll=''0

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'ri Cll~ c::>-'0U 1-0o U..-f='

IIICllc=og.-40.

IIIIII ='c= Cll 8

o c= 0:>-. o~1-0 8 0

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III(:1 ..-f

C'OC'O ·ri'rll-o (:1I-oQJ QJ

(:1 QJ c: Cl1D (:1 4-l0.-4 0.-1::3 04-l:>-. CI1 :>-. ='~ :>-. 0I-o·ri 1-0 ~o I-o..c:

..0 U ..0 1-01-0 ..0 (:1o 0 0 OJo. 0 C'O

IIIc=c= QJ

o be:>-'1-01-0 QJ

..0 >0 ....

8='U....

c: 1-00'0:>-'(:11-0 'ri

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8='c= u

0 ....:>-.1-01-0 CI1

..0 >o Cll

IIIIII ='=' 1-0~ 0u..c:Cll 0.1-0 0~ c:.... Cll1-0.-4~ OJ~ c=..o c=..o c= u c='O c= III c= III c= > (:1 III .-4 Cll .-4 III ..c:8 c: Cll ~;;, ~OJ .... .... .... .... ..... .... ..-f

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tf) ~.- U Q Q Q Q Q ~ Cl Cl U')

Greenwood 2 47 - - - - - - - 28 - - 7 84Colby - 8 1 27 - 2 - - - - - - - 37Bass p p p p p p - - - 5 - - - 5:Bear Island - p 2 P - - - - 17 - - - 16 66Birch 1 24 p 24 - - - - - 1 1 - - 51Bearhead 8 8 108 228 - 299 - - 34 p - - P 690Seven Beaver ~OT S OOLE

Pine 8 45 5 121 - 21 - 5 - 5 - - 5 215Perch 5 133 - 21 - 5502 - - - 16 - - P 5677Tofte 3 p - 138 12 - - - 5 20 - - - 176Sand P p - P - P - P - - - 5 37 42Wynne - - - 102 - - - - - p - - 446 548White Iron 1 76 - 8 - - - - - P - - - 85Turtle - 361 - 1618 - 11 318 32 - - - - - 2340Gabbro P 9 4 71 30 P - - - 3 - - - 120Triangle - 32 - 1040 - P - - 53 - - - 16 1141Fall 3 184 - 26 - P - P 10 - - - 24 247

Whiteface Res. -- - - - - - - - 16 - - - - 16One P 50 18 76 - P P P - 8 - P 16 176Cloquet 8 47 - p - p - - 129 P - - 5 189

Clearwater p 11 11 32 - 707 154 P - P - - P 920

S. McDougal 42 - - - - - - - 16 - - - - 58

Slate 3 8 - 291 - P - - 58 8 - - 3 371

Big - 79 - 12 104 39 - - - p - - - 234

\0lI'\

I

i

t__J\.

L.wt­O::>aI­oZ

oozo

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0:,a.

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""'0g...,:5~,e

~.g ~u

;:0 0 ·~'ClJ I-~~ l-

\.,:) ro r-

~-g () ~.... ~ W ~~co ...,

~~ enB ~ ::>~ ~ C/)

Cl.

~ ~ ~ I->'"0 ttl U..r:. CJ l-lgo ........ ~~ ~-2 0:>. Ill;;l 0U '41);;;::

>­0:«Z

~

CD

QI.....,rJ

"...

l/l.....l/l0.o III

"..-l +J"0 co:8 ~ .-l

0. 0.::3 Cll

e;:)4J111 I1l e(.J 13 S ;:) 3 s"1"'4 I1l c: "1"'4 ;:) c: "1"'4..... (lI (.J o (lI l/l ..... I1l "..-l ;:) l/l o..-l co 1110. I1l "1"'4 c: I1l I1l l/l 111 111 C1l l-l ".~ l-l c: Ul ;:) l/l l/l e "..-l 0..-l13 ;:) ::3 c: C1l ::3 l/l "..-l Ul 4J (.J Ul OJ ()() OJ co ;:) (.J ;:) ;:) 0..-l l-l I1l l-l S;:)"0 0" 0 e 0" 0.4J o.l/l OJ I:: co I:: C1l "..-l (.J "..-l (.J Ul C1l o 4J 0 ::3..... "1"'4 III C1l co 4J o 111 111 C1l 111 o..-l ..c 111 ..c -..-l ..c ..... (.J 4J U l-l ..c +J I1l 4J .......... l-l c: I I:: U N I U (.J u..c 4J ..... o.N 0.C1l o C1l o C1l 111 l-l C1l c: C1l "0(lI"O (lI l/l (lI c: ..... Ul o 0..-l o (.J o :::l Ul +J Ul ()() g ~ U 0. >'C1l ..... 0..-l ..... 0..-lc: III C1l 0 co co I:: 0 1:: ..... I:: co 1::"0 o (lI o C1l o Ul .0 ()() ..... 13 ..... e(lI ::3 .0 ..... .a ..... co ..... co C1l 111 ..... Cll ..... ..... ::3 ..... Cll o 0..-l 0 ..... ODCll "1"'4 (lI ..... 0.~ '" ....

~- ~ ~.......... ,.<;; -0 .,J;:; 'U .,J;:; I=i 'U..:.:; OJ I=i l-l..-i l-l'O 1:: ..... U ()() U l/l o UJ 11l tJ ""'00 0. P- o. P- o 0 ..c ..c

~l/l l/l ..c 2 0< <: <: <: <: u u u u 0 0 p... E-<-_.---

Greenwood 5 - P - 9 - - 7 p 2 - - - - - - 23Colby - P - 190 6 - - p P - - - - P 5 P 239Bass P 11 138 1284 p - - p p p - - - - - - 14338ear Island 90 P P - 61 P - 65 33 P P - - - p - 324Birch 42 - - p 169 - - 10 P - - - - - 52 P 364Bearhead p P - P 18 3 - 34 P - - - - - - - 55Seven Beaver NOT SAHpl EDPine 3 - - - 3 P - P P P - - - p - - 6Perch 53 - - - 32 - - 16 - - - - - p - - 106Tofte - 24 P 236 268 P - P - 53 - - - - 29 - 642Sand P 5 P - 16 - - 16 p - - - - - - - 37\.lynne - P - 18 - - - p p - - - - P - - 18\.lhite Iron 62 - p 40 33 61 P P P - - - - p p P 491Turtle 58 - - - 32 69 - 74 - P P 26 - - - - 280Gabbro P P P 322 101 - - P P - - - - 58 - 18 606Triangle - 37 5 292 26 P - P 5 - - - - p - - 365Fall 116 - P 58 184 P 1 P 68 P P - 87 - - - 620

\.'h1 teface Res. - - - 501 - - - - 5 - - - - - - - 506One P - P P 10 - - 10 3 P 3 - - 3 - - 29Cloquet 105 - - - 158 26 - 45 P 18 P - - p - - 399Clearwater p P - - 26 37 16 16 P 16 P - - - - - 148s. McDougal - 5 - - - - - P - - - - - - - - 16Slate - 5 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23Big 37 - 24 23 150 60 P P P P - - - p - - 310

......an

1_ ..\.

VI00

....III4.1

fIlIIIeo5o.....al.c:.u Q.III fIl

coIIIe IIIo es~o u

..... 0co al :>::l • .c: .....u Q. U 0III fIl Ill:>

enw~g;~.

ozW..Jt:l

....III4.1

!3::lu

S ~ S::l Q. ::l~ U) ~ ~

e e C al~ 0 ~ ....'tl () 'tl r-4~ d ~~... ~ ... )

3~

e~

-0o~

5::l~

C•.-4"0odal

3~

c~ (f)-0 ...o OJ

4.1 dU)~

iIfu units/ml...........ale.~

5"0::l e~ ::l4.1 ~

Ill~

I-l.c:

Cryptophyta, Pyrrhophyta, Euglenophyta.Samples in October, 1976 by RCNSNumbers represent abundance of dominerts

~

(f) (f) ~ (Il ~ (Il (f) jIII III Ill'~ III -0 III III ..Jexec Cal c elll tt.lo alOO 04.1 0 Ox e"

S ~~ 5 ~ S~ Sill 5~ j4.1 0 al 4.1'" 4.1'" 4.14.1 4.1 ~ ~ ~0. L4 ~ 0. cc 0. 0 o.cc 0. OJ ~ 0>. al >. 6 >. e >.:> >.... .., z

(Il

IIIeo6 IIIo (f)4.1 00.L4>'al

entt.l~

>­:I:Cl.o~Cl.>-

~tJ

"

Ta.ole 10.

... ... . ... ... ... ...~

.... al >. ..... >. al al 0 :s .c: ... ... 0u u :>u u u u 0 u U e" e" ~ ~ ~ tt.l ~ ~ ~ ~..

Greenwood 54 - 28 - - - 82 P - - - - - 0 p - - 0Colby - 4 - - 14 - 18 - - - - - - 0 - - - 0

,Bass 64 - - - 5 5 74 5 - - - - - 5 P 16 P 16Bear Island 50 - - - 2 - 52 P - P - - - 0 P 16 P 21 ,

Birch - 10 - - 53 - 62 1 - - - - - 1 P - - 0Bearhead 26 - 39 - - 26 109 P P P P P - 0 - - - 0Seven Beaver NO SAHJ LED NOT SAMPI ED ~OT SP iHPLEIPine 58 - 13 - - - 71 P P 5 - 3 - 8 - - P 0Perch 11 - P - - - 11 P - - - P P 0 - P - 0Tof te . 17 35 P - - 11 70 5 - - 2 - - 7 - - 3 3Sand P 21 - - - 5 26 P - - - P - 0 P - - 0Wynne 60 26 - .,. - - 86 P - - - P - 0 - - 3 3White Iron - 1 - 1 14 - 16 P - - - - - 0 - - - 0Turtle 74 26 - - 16 - 116 - - - - 90 P 9 - - P 0Gnbbro - 8 - 13 46 - 67 - - - - - - 0 - - - 0'Triangle 85 58 - - - P 159 P - - - - 5 5 - 5 - 5'Fall 44 3 - - 45 - 92 3 - - - - - 3 - - 5 5!\'!hiteface Res. - - 79 - - 10 89 - - - - - - 0 - 3 - 3

One 21 - - - - 3 24 P - - - - - 0 P - 13 13

Cloquet 10 P 3 - - - 13 P - P P - - 0 - P P 0Clearwater 32 - - - - P 32 P P P - - - 0 p - - 0;S. McDougal 90 - 42 - - P 132 - - - - - - 0 - - - 0

Slate 84 - 74 - - 3 161 - - - - - - 0 - - - 0

Big 32 10 - - 16 P 67 P 2 2 - - P 4 P - 18 20

":0mr-~

z»JJ-<oJJ»."-IenCOJC-

~ mo-I-I

'0!::.»C-

OJJ

:0m<enozoozo-I

oCo~

m

r--:II!I

,

""D':0m'r~

z»:JJ-<o:JJ»"T1-f(f)

COJC-

~ mo-f

-f'0i~,»

C-

O:JJ

:0m<-(f)

ozoozo-f

oCo-Im

~\0

.-Icu..,

CU~ C1l

"'0 CQJ.-IC :l

CU..,cu !il

'.-4 ~~ ..,.!il fJl

.... Q)

.-I CQJ QJ

.0'+-4

It!S....(11en......,!il

!il tJ~ ...."'0.-1QJ QJC'tl

C1l....c (11Q) ....

.-I eno CfJl Q)0·...IN ""•.-4 QJ

C1l....~Q)

C1l til.... .t:~ 0.!il fJl

.... 0:l ~

l:l CJt:: It!

c.c.(11

C1l !ilC1l U ....~ .... .t:

.... .-1 tJ(11 til fJl0·'" IN

r-4 .... ..,

C1l..,C1l

CU.-l~ :l

.... CfJl !ilo ""r-4OD

(11C1l l:l~ til.... ..,en eno 'J'1r-4't1

CUC1l :l~ co.... ....en.oo S

r-4 (lj

~m~Q) ..,

C (11o :l

.t: coo.cS III

Q)!il

C1l ........ ~~ Q)!il.t:

.-I U~ Cco tilIII :>

en~(11

til C~ Q)~ C!il 0........

.... 0co~(lj U

sQ) :l:l ..,C tilQ) co.., C

o!il ....S Q)o.., .CO >

C1l C1l.-I U.-I~Q) C.., !il0"'0

.-I 0u,tJ

CU.-I.-IQ) C1lC eno 0~ s)..< )..<

41 0iJ~

"

Table 11. Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)Sampled in July, 1977, by RCNSNumbers represent abundance of dominants in units/ml.

~~

01 en41 en.t:~..,..,C :::l!il Cc~

.I: S~ u ...~

>.~ ~. ~ ~.

~ ~Q) Q) Q) .... ....

~>. til >. 0

< u 0 ~ ~. ::E:: ::E:: ~ z p... til E-l til E-l- --

Greenwood p 31 - 203 23 P - - p - p 34 - - - 23 P 411

Colby 78 - - P 36 - P P P P P 15 - - - P 20 222

Bass - p 34 83 36 P - - - ... - p - - - P 45 236

!lear Island - p 42 28 P - - 17 P P - - - p - 80 - 235~

Birch-) - 171 P P 99 - - 94 p 39 P p - p - 216 - 689

Birch-l - - p p - 78 - - 28 44 34 p - p - 28 - 286-Bearhead - 13 p - 16 - - - - - - p - 10 :.- 10 - 93

Seven Beaver - 166 p p p - - 171 p - 42 36 - p - 42 - 641

Pine - 6 - 6 21 - - p p - - 16 - - - p - 75

Perch - P - - - p - - - - - - - - - p - 0

Tofte P - - 4 P 16 3 - - - ... p 3 - - p p 36

Sand P P P - 134 - - p 60 p 12 - - - 8 p - 265

Wynne - 174 - P P - - - 75 - - - - 251- - - -White Iron P 214 p - 445 - 71 2lq p 71 - - - - p - 1123-Turtle 83 8 - 21 P - - - - - - - p - 249 P 365

-Ir­

I

11' '"

3J.ono lON 00 NOISIJ\3~ ~orvV\l 011,~ ~ ~f'1 .... ::l!"t'- M :J_ ltl ltl

ltlHf'1g

----------,

fr~8~ls~1=ll8~a{E~~~~I1~...8d .Jc.r?nltlltl., no.,tDt:7'ltl (1)

(1):::r ::s:::r:::r:::r -<=' Ul'(1) I I H C

ttllU ~l...)fIl 0

~ Q.. ~ &.< ='ltl Q.f'1

TAXA

..;

~~(1)

....N

, " >,;1 (X) >,; >,;IN >,; '"ell_ I...) >,;1- >,; I~ N ~ ~ ~

", - 'I>,; , I I' I ,I>,; I '" I I

(X)

Ankistrodesmusta.l.catus

v. acicularis

Ankis trodesmusfalcatus

v. mirabilis

~

..:-.....

~tn

~~~~9fIlQ.~

of'1 .... f'1(1) =' 0

~~-g.(1) c: '<(/) ~ r?(1) '< II)=' ..r? ­lU \0c:r.....,c: .....,=' ..Q. cr~'<o :::0(1) Q~tnQ.oe....='~r?en....='§....r?en......e~

I I

>,; I

N "tI

"N'lJ, ,

>,; ,

I ....(X)

I I

>,; I

, ­(X)

>,; I

.....,~

(X)....l'J

I

NVI

N

I 'I I 0\(X)

I "tII"tI "tI

I I I I "tI

I ~I I I­.....,, 'I' ,, 'I I ,

I ~I>'; ~Ul

.....,. " I ,

I ~I~ ~

I I I I "tI

>,; I 1"tI >,;

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VII ,

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I I VI

, I>,;

I I I

"til Ul

11 I

'I I

I >,; I ,

, '"I NIN

, 'I I

(X) I I I

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I >,; I I

I I I I

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I...)

~

I...)....

"tI

N-

Arthrodesmus sp.

Binuclearia sp.

Botryococcusbraunii

Chlorococcumnumicola

Closteriumceratium

Crucigeniaapiculata

Crucigeniaguadrata

Crucigeniarectangularis

Crucigeniatetrapedia

Dic'tyosphaeriumpulchellum

Elakatothrixgelatinosa

I ,

, ,

>,; "tI

II' "tI 11 I I ..... 1 I I >,;1 I N Io

1" , >,;1 I I ~I I I ~II I I

"tII"tI ;X; 'I "tI ~ 1\ "tI "tI 1\>'; >,; >,;

Mougeotia sp •.

Oocysdsparva

Oocys tis sPl"'

- >,;(X)1I"tI I '1"tI "tI >,;I"tI I "tI1 I I I pediastrum tetras v.

tetraodron

II I "tI ~1 0 ~ >,;1 I , ~I"tI I IN "tI-, , 'I I , I I I , II I 'I 11- , I

Quadrigulapfi tzeri

Selenastrum spp.

.----r II' - I TTl I I I I Scenedesmusbalatonius

N - "til I.... (X)

, "til >,; "tI (XlI "tI (X) "tI I I - I

I ,

>,; "I:l

II' ,

II >,; ,

'I' "tI I I "tI VI 'I I ..... "tI

II' "tI 111"11 N>';

Scenedesmusdenticulatus

Scenedesmusquadricauda

'"Scenedesmusserratus

I I

VI I

'I ~ "tI II>,; I

V:I s:- s:- ~I >,; Io

II I , 'II , I

>,;1 Ul ;X; 0\ 1~ I C;

""S cenedesmus sp.

Sphaerocyst!sschroeter!

VII I I >,; 1"I:l I -0\

"I:l "tI

s:-_ (X)

N "Q\ N

'I' ,~..~

~I ~ ~

,I>,; 'i'

N1...)1..... ~~ _ Ul

N ~ 00\1 ~ \0 0 I"o (X)Uls:-O

N

~ ~

Sphaerozosma spp.

Total

09

61

1. 0'\ N (Xl C1'I C1'I ...:T 0 N ,..., \0 If'\ N If'\ ~ \00 .... .... 0 \0 C1'I \0 .... ...:T N ...:T N \0 If'\\0 ...:T .... (Xl ,..., ,..., .... ~ N

(Xl1 1 p... 1 1 I 1 I 1 1 1 1 I ~ p...

.... IIf'\

1 I 1 I I 1 1 I 1 .... N I I

0 1 .... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 p... 1

N:J I 1 1 N 1 I I 1 1 I I 1 1 1 1

.... ,..., ..;:t N\0 If'\ N \0 (Xl C1'I

:J C""l 1 If'\ p... .... (Xl If'\ C""l .... I I 1 1 .-4 .-4

:J I I I I I N I 0- I I I I I I

N..;:t (Xl

~:J 1 1 .... I I""l I 1 1 1 1 I 1 p... 1

(Xl..;:t ...:T 1.1"\

N N p... p... p... p... I p... .... I -.:t 1 1 I .-4

I""l.-4

..;:t 0y. I I -.:t 1 1 I 1 0'\ I 1 1 1 1 1 I""l

0Y I 1 1 .... 1 I N 1 I I 1 1 1 I 1

I""l-.:t

0 0 .... (XlY If'\ .-4 1 I""l I I .... ,..., p... 1 N 1 1 p... .-4

If'\ ...:T 00 \0 0'\ \0 If'\ -.:t \0 \0

YN 1 p... .... p... p... co ...:T N ,..., ,..., 1 1 I""l N

,...,N I""l

Y I I N I ,..., p... P- I I I C""l I p... p... I

If'\ I""l'I 1 p... I \0 I P- p... I I 1 1 p... If'\ 1

II.

1 I I p... 1 p... 1 1 1 1 .... 1 1 1 1

I""l0'\ 0 C""l

I 1 If'\ I N N 1 I I 1 .... I I I p...

co ....\0 ,..., .... co ...:T If'\ (XlC""l ,..., p... i-< p... C""l N If'\ \0 \0 1 .... I .... p....... \0

.r. ...~ <IIc:: > c::

"tJ co co 00 .... "0 <II ...0 Ul C""l .... al I:Q t-4::r t-4 I 1 <U <II

en c:: >. .s:: .c .c c: .s:: <II <II <II ....<II <II ..0 Ul ~ U U ~ eu <II U u "0 c:: ., u

.,:,I. <II .... Ul co ~ ~ l1l :> c: ~ .... c: c: ~ ...co ... 0 co <1l ~ ..... <1l <II ~ <1l 0 I1l ~ § ='~. C U IZ:1 1IQ I:Q IZ:1 I:Q Vl p... p... ~ Vl ~ ~

aenbe-solleuaeq-euy

sn;:q:~auUl'H

sn~:>o:>o.1tp

stnua~

epo:re1n~sO

e~eut:Ula8

epo~enl:>s

Sl.1~ sn:>eTlDnl.1aeqdsoqdwo

mnplnedmnl.1aeqdsoTao

vxv

re~o

mnue11a8aeumnl.1aeqdsoTao

mnue18ulz:Jan')flDnl.1aoqdsoTao

snS.1adS1Psn:>~o:>oo.1tp

emlssne:>napesde:>oueqd

aenbe-soTluouaUlozlu-eqd

odds a:>aq:Joueqd

mn~e.1q~eT;)

e:>aq:Joueqd

e~slq:>ela

esde:>oueqd

esse.1:> • .I-eSapl0.11ds euaeq-euy

mn~e:>lldnpl.1penb

lDnllauaU1~

PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO MAJOR REVISION DO NOT QUOTE

":0mI

~

Z»:0-<o:0»."~

(J)

cOJC-

~ m()~

~

'0t~

»C-

O:0

:0m<-(J)

ozoozo~

oco-1m

0\N

r-4CIl~

o

Q.Ul

II)CIlooeo

r-lr-lCIl

. e> =' eu

..-l r-le e 0 .-4='='..-l CIJ

'r1'" 0. >~CIl Ul ='>,l.J 'r1(J'r1 tlO CIlo o.c: '"'

..-lCll 0 =',.cUr-4 r::0. >.

(J)

~ mo 0O.!ll:e 0o '"'r-l.!ll:

r-l ro~

CIJII) r-l0 eu e

'CIl ..-l ='... (J 0QJ o CIl Q.

.0 Ul (J Ul=' ..-l~ o CIJ o I-< 00 Or-l o CIJ 0I-< >'CIl >'S >.0. ....... I-< CIl '"'.0 (J .0 .0o 0 0 0:> r:: (J) r:: :> C

eu....I-<CIl

.-4='~...QJ

III Uloo CIJ 0

o tlO 0

~ ~ ~.0 > .00 .... 0C"l:l C

oM "M

~(J....I-<

0"0o 0>,..-l... .-4.0 (Jo >.c UM

3o (J0 ....

~~.0 >o 1Il0.0

....~

III CIlCIl"OI-< 0C1J.c(J (J

0,.4

eu........CIJ euI-< 0C1J ....CIl 0..c UlUl ....o tlOUl 0>'01-<.-4

o

Table 14. ChrysophytaSampled in July, 1977, by RCNSNumbers represent abundance of dominants in units/mI.

"

0.II)

euI-<CIJeu.c0.II)oII)>.I-<

J;'.~ u 0 Q Q Q c::l, c::l a j5 j5 ~ 0 C/} i ~--- -

Greenwood - - P 18 P 13 13 - - - - i- 5 - 53Colby - - - 34 - 22 - 11 - - - - 1 68Bass - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0Bear Island - - - 36 - 13 94 - - - P - 34 - 177

Birch-3 - - ... 44 - 34 P 73 - - I- - 8 159Birch-1 47 49 530 553 II> 10 ~189 -- - - - - - - -Bearhead - - 2 104 - 312 - - - 2 - I- - - f'-I20Seven Beaver - - P 21 - - 47 - - - - 10 5 - 83Pine - - - - 103 ,P 131 - - - 1 2 1 - 739Perch 8644 523 - P - - 797 - - - P i- - - 9964Tofte - - 1 - - - - - - - - I- - - 1Sand - - - 1 - 1 1 - - - - tp - - 3

Wynne - - - - 50 ... - - - - - I- P - 50White Iron - - P P p 124 89 142 107 - I- P 18 r;>86Turtle - - 2 262 - - 452 - - 21 - I- - - t737

-Ir-IIi

31.0nO LON 00 NOISIA3C1 ClorvlI\I OJ. J.Q3ranS l~VCla AtlVNlLAJI13C1d _J

ota!

hacus pyrum

UGLENOPHYTA

rachelomonus spp.

rachelomonasvolvocina

uglena sp.

hacuscaudatus

otal

eridiniumwisconsinonse

eridiniumaciculiferum

eridiniuminconspicium

eridiniumwillei

lenodinium sp.

eratiumhirundinella

lenodiniumgymnodinium

otal

AXA

CRYPTOPHYTAryptomonas

Spp.

PYRRHOPHYTA

~'-

~~ en '"0 '"0 en tD tD t:lII tD n C') t"4.., tD

C '< lU 0 It> r'- It> It> ~. .... n> lU 0 "" lU

'1 .... ::l ::l ..... '1 ;:::l <: lU '1 "" lU III ~ III "..

" " ::l Cl. " n n> n> '1 () n '1 (II C" ttl II>~ ttl ttl n> ::r :;l g ::r ::r '< ::s (II

ttl I I H CH tD III .... I..) CIl 011 ttl Cl. ~ 00 lU lU Cl.::s < ::l

ttl Cl.11

T

I I I I ICl

~ N I N \It N \It ....., ....., ....0- .- 0- .-

0 0 0 ~ N 0 0 N \It N VI ....., ....., - 0 Te

'" .- '" ....

P'

i ." '"0 I ." ." I I '"d I '"d I N I I C

>d I I I I I I I N I I I I I I-c

\It I I N IG:- ~ 1 I I .... I I I..) I

(Xl I..)

I I I I I I ." I I I I I I IP

~

." I I I I I I I I I IP

N VI N I.- .-

." >d I I I.p

I I I I ." N t I I I

VI I I I I I I >d I I I I IP

Vl I

- - 0 ~ 0 0 W VI ~ W N 0 N I..) 0 T~ (Xl 0 0-

E

." I I I I I I I ." '"d '"d I I - ." E

I I I I I I I I I N I IP

w I N

-I I I I I I - I I I I I I I I F

I I I I I '"d I I .... I I .- ..., I IT

0

I I '"d ..., I I I I I I Vl - I I I T

0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 N .Vl N I..) .- NT

toi

~~

II>

....VI.

zenn§ lU '1

8'<C"'t:l't:lttl ~ M''1 ttl 0CIl Cl.'t:l::r'1 .... '<ttl ::s M'

't:l lU'1 c.... ..ttl CCIl~>d

~ ttl'<'<::s • '1l"t '1_::rlU \0 0C" .....,'t:lc.....,::r::s .. '<Cl. M'lU C" lU::S'<n ~ttl :;l:l C

noooz~Hlenttl

::sCl. 00 'C8 ::r.... '<::s l"tlU lU::sl"tCIl

....::s§...."CIl.....Ii~

£9

3.LOnO lON 00 NOISIA38 80rVII\I 01 l~3r8nS !.:!V80 A8VNIV\j113Hd_..I

a1

lotellaodanica

hnanthes1inearis

hnanthesminutissima

hnanthessp.

phipleuralindheimeri

terionel1aformosa

cconeisplacentu1a

agilariacrotonensis

viculacryptocephala

vicu1asp.

tzschiasp.

izosoleniaeriensis

mphonemaolivaceum

losira:'lmbigua

losiradis tans

losira~ranulata

losiraitalica

auroneis~p.

ephanodiscusniagarae

ephanodiscussp.

nedrae lica tissimaangustissimaellariaenestrata

'AD.

ynedrasp.

..-,1~ :t:: ~ H >"d 1J'l b:l til' b:l n C') t4

c: ':3 0 ..... ,(i) .... ro III 0 ... l\lr; .... g. .... ::s <: ... III til .... ro ~rt rt =:I rt (l) ro n ., til cT (l) (l).... III III III :;:l ::r '< ::l CDIII H C

H b:l CD 0... ro .... 00 III II> Q.

=' < =' I(l) Q....T

I I >"d ~ I '"0 I I I I >"d ..... Ac0-

AcI I'd I I I I I'd w I I >"d I

V1

I I N I I I I I I I >"d I Ac

I I I (Xl I I I I I I >"d Am

~ N N ~ I (Xl W N V1 W '"d " As~ 0\ W 0 (Xl " .- 0\

N "I '"d I I I I I '"d I .- '"d '"d Co

0

I I I ~ 'g. I w '"d '"d '"d 0- '"d Fr0-

'"" I'd '"d I I I I I I '"d I I Go

I " '"d '"d .... I .... 0- (Xl 0\ '"d .... Hew ~ N V1 (Xl N (Xl

0\ 0 ,

I I I '"d I I I '"d I I W I Me

I '"d 0\ I I I I ..... .- " I '"d Me" (Xl (Xl

I I I I I I I I'd I I w I Me

I '"d N I I '"0 '"d I I I '"d '"d Na

I I I'd I I I '"d '"d '"d I " '"d Na

I .... I -g I >"d \0 '"d I I " N Niw ~ 0

~Rh

I I I I w I '"d I '"d I I~

I I I I w I '"d I I I I Syt~

!

~ I I I I '"d I I I '"d I St

:g I I (XlI >"d I '"d .... '"d I I St(Xl

I (Xl N Ul(Xl >"d >"d '"d V1 I I '"d St0\ ~

I I I I I ~ I \0 I ISy- I

~ 0 0 v.

~ N N ~~ ..... ~ '"d ..... '"d '"d "Tab

~ (Xl 0- \0 .... ..... f\0

I I I '"d I I I >"d I I I 1Cye

b

:::: NN

~ N N " " w .... V1 W

~ ~w

~~V1 " .... \0 \0 V1 0 Tot

~0- 0- 0 W 0\ a. V1

­0'.

~

~~III

2cnt::l

~ m~cT '0 rtIII ~o... III 801 Q. lD

....... ­III =' b:l

"C III... onIII n ....lD,.,. ....III 0 ....=:I 0- III,.,. (l) ..........Ill" 00- "Cc:: -::T=:I 'l:)'<p. -...J rtIII -...J III=:I .. .....,nIII 0­

'<oHl:;a

nQ.2o ena....='II>='rt01

~

§....,.,.01.......a....

'..:---.."

'*

+]9

~/t ~

3.LOnO lON 00 NOISIJ\3C1 ClorvV'J 01 1~3r8nS 1~VClO AClVNIV'Ill13C1d

iastrumoryanum

iastrum

E~f~~odondrigulafitzeri

strump.

hrocytiumgardhianum

ystisaeustris

istrodesmusaleatus

ystisarva

ystisusilla

ystisp.

nedesmusbundans

nedesmuspoliensis

nedesmusuadricauda

izochlamysp.

roederiaetigera

istrodesmusalcatusaeicularisistrodesmusalca.tvsmlrabl.lishrodesmusriangvlussUbtrlangularisryocoecusraunii

amydomonasp.

mariump.

cigeniaetrapedia

cigeniaruncata

midiumrevelii

katothrixelatinosa

'AXA

>-'J ~ :<:~

H >'d "II) b' t::lt1 b' (j C") ~c: '< 0 .... .Itl .... Itl III 0 ... I»1'1 .... ;) I'-Il ;) <: ... ~ Ul .... t'\) 'X'M' rt ;) P- M' t'\) It 0 1'1 Ul 0" t'\) t'\).... t'\) t'\) t'\) ;:l ::r '< =' Ult'\) H C

H b' Ul 01'1 t'\) .... 00 Cll III 0-=' < ::J ,

t'\) Q....1

>'d I "'tl I I \0 N "'d "'d I I I Ank~ w f

I ~Ank

I I "'tl , I - "'d I I If

~w

Iv."'tl I "'tl I "'tl I I I w N I I Ank- ....

Iv. f

, I I I I I .... "'d'!Art

I I I IIv. t(Xl

I W I I I I I I I , I I Bot.... b

0 0 ~hlI I I I I I "'tl I I Iw w S

I "'d I I I N "'d I I I ~ I CosS

P- Cru"'tl P- I I OJ I "'d - - I I N.... (Xl N t

I I - I I I I "'d "tl I I I Cru00 t

I I - I I I I I I I I I Desl0 g:

OJ w I I I I I "tl "tl "tl I I Ela0\ g

I I I I I I I I I I I .... Euas

I I N I I I I I I I I I Nepa

I i I I I - , "tl I I I I Doew 1

I I I I I 00 I I I I I I Doep

~Doe

I N I I I I I I I I I~ P

I I I I "tl I U1 >'d "tl I "tl I Does

I I I I I N I "tl I I I I Pedb

I "'d I I CJ) I "tl I "'tl I I I Pedv t

I \J1 , I I I I I "'tl I , I Qua....p

I I I I I I I "'d ISeew I I- a

~ I I ISee

I I .... "tl I I IW a

I "'d N 'd ~ooSee

I I VI "'d I I Wq

;; I I I ISch

I I I I I IS

I I I N I I I I I I I Sch111

li0"....t'\)

.........Zc/)(jc:: ~ ::rS i3 ....0" "Q 0t'\) .......1'1 t'\) 0Ul C. "Q

::r1'1 .... '<t'\) ==' M'

"Q ~1'10t'\) 0Ul M't'\) 0==' 0"rtt'\)

1'1111 ..0"c:: ~==' \0Q. ....~ ....==' ..ot'\) 0"

'<o'"":xl

(jQ.Z~ C/)

....=='~rtUl

~c::=='....rtUl.......S....

rt'"

S9

3.LOnO lON 00 NOISI1\3tJ CfOrVII\I 01 1~3r8nS l=:JVtJO Al:tVNIV'J113tJd

ylosiumnum

astrumatumanctonicumsphaeridiumpitatum

aedronnimum

hiscia

astrumaurogeniaeforme

hisciaanulata

ellatryoides

1

'AXA

-i ~ ~ ~.~ "I:l 1.J'l txl l:lIl txl (') 0 r0-

c: '< 0 .... let' .... Il) III 0 t1 Ql

~ ..... ;j

~..... ;j < 01 III til .... 10 ?:",.,

" ;j " Il) ct· n 01 til t1' 10 10... Il) It. 10 ::;l ;:r' '< ::s IIIIl) ~ c

~ tXl III 0t1 III .... 00 III III Pop < ::s I

10 Q.t1

'I

I ~ I I I I I I I I I I Spo....p

StaI I I I I I I I I I I N 1

v.I I I I I I I I 0\ I I I Sty

s

I I I I I I .- I I I I ITet

0 m

~ "'C N I I I '"d "'C I I I ITet

s

I I I I I I I I I I I .... Tro,g'

~ I I I I I I I I I' ITro,

51

I I I \.oJ I I I I I IWe5'

.- bl'oJ ~ .- .- N 0

'r~t.~ 5; Ln~ :;; ~ 0- .- ....

~ \00- 'oJ \0 W (Xl W

~~10

.........­nop,.,....,

,;

99

3l.0nO iON 00 NOISIA3CJ CJorvV\l Oll~3r8nS l=:lVCJO ACJVNIv-J113Hd -J..J

losphaeriumaegelianum

a1

illatoriap.

illatoriaenuis

oococcusinor

anocapsalachista

rmidiump •bdodermaineare

gbyaordguardii

illatoriaeminata

losphaeriumuetzingianum

mphosphaeriaponina

phosphaeriaacustris

acystisp.

menellumuadriduplicatumanizomenonlos-aquae

anocapsaelicatissima

abaenaplanctonica

abaenaflos-aquae

abaenap.

'AX,A

~ ~:;::

~ H "tl 1J) t:xl t:xl t:xl ("') C) t4c

~0 ~ ,/'0 ..... /'0 I» 0 11 I»

1'1 ~ ~ ..... :::I < 1'1 I» til t-' f1I ,....,.," :::I ,., /'0 l'O () ,., til 0" /'0 /'0

t-' /'0 /'0 /'0 ::J ::r '< ~UI

/'0 HH t:xl III 011 l'O .... 00 I» I» Co::s < ::J I/'0 Co

11

'I

, , , Vt , , , , , , , , An.;

, , , , , I , "tl , w I I An.-...I

1\D

I , I I N I I "tl N - I .... An.0l

I I I I I I I I Vt I I I An.:

I I I I I I .... I N I I I AgIQ'\

c

I I I I I I I w I (Xl I IApl

(Xl (Xl :-...I

~ Vt I ~- N I "tl N I I - Apl0\ - CI::'- -

I I I I - I I I I I I I ApI0 4

~ I I I I I Vt N I I I I Ch:-...I I

I N I I I I I "tl I I I I C041

I N I I I I N I I I I I COl

•

.... - I I I N I I I I I I Com~ 0 1

I I w I Vt I I I I I I I Lynn

Vt :' I N I I "tl I I I I ascw g

.... (Xl I I I I ~ I I I I asc(Xl w

t

N I I I I -...Iasc

I I I I IS

I I I I I I I N I "tl VtPho

_C::

... I I I I I t I t I I I Rha~ 1

I t I I I t 0\ I t I I Coe-...I

n

~'-J _ -~ - N N - - N 0 -...I

~ - (Xl w W \D W 0\ Tot;:> 0 w ....w

>

....CD

~I»a"....f1I

zenn§'~ ':0" '0 :::I/'0 .... 01'1/'0'0rnp..::r

'<1'1 ~,.,

/'0 :::I I»'01'10/'0 ()(I) ,.,

/'0 0:::I a'"/'0

11I» ..a'C ....:::I \Dp.."I» ":::I ..()/'00'

'<oHl~nQ.zo ena~

:::I

~"(I)~:::I

§~

"(I)......a....

_''--''H.

",

L9

3.LOnO .LON oa NOISIA3CJ CJorvV\l O.L .LQ3ranS .L.:IVCJO ACJVNIv--J113CJd_J

.-1

eobotrysp.

lomonaskrokomos

ioeytiumarvu1um

rospararassier

udokephurionntzii

uravella

a1

rysolykosplanctonica

AXA

repyxissp.

cerasehodat1.

nobryonbavaricum

nobryondivergens

nobryonertularia

nobryonertulariaprotuberans

nobryonoeiale

obryonabellariae

...:J ~ ~ ~ H "d "Vl tI' tI' to n c;') ~c: 0 ..... 1ft) .... ft) II) 0 ~ CD'i ~ ;j g. ..... ;j <: l'1 til CIl .... Cll 'l'"

'"' n ;j '"' ft) ft) n 'i CIl 0'" Ib Cll.... Ib Ib Ib :J :r '< ::s III(ll H C

H to CIl 0~ Ib .... 00 II) CD 0.=' < ::s IIb 0.

11

I

I I I I I N I I I t I I Chl

I

I I 0 I I I I I I I I IDel

w ~

..... ..... I NCD N I N N I I I Die0 '" '" e

\Jl I I I I N I W I s:- I IDi

N .......\,.oJ

w I 0 I '" I-" I ..... N I I IDi

N N 0W 0\

I I I I I I I ....... I I I IDi

I ..... I I I I I "tl I I-" I IOir

'" 0 ~

v.

I I I I I \,.oJ I I I I "tl IOir

I-"~

~ I I I I I I I I I I IOfr

t

I I I I I-" I I N I I I I Gle00

e

I N. I 0\ , I , I-" \,.oJ "tl I I MalN N .....

G

~ I I I I I I I I I I I Micc

I I I I I I 00 I I I I I Opll

P

I I I I I I N I , I I I Psee

~ I I l.nl I , "tl , "tl I I Syn~ u

~ W 0 ~ CD \,.oJ ..... N \,.oJ '" 0 0 Totlr> s:- ~ CD ~ 0 " \Jl N

,

....\0

.-i

~....Ib

zenn§ ~ ~0'" 't;l '<Ib .... CIl~ Ib 0Cll 0. '0

::r'~ ~'<Ib =' n

't;l II)~ 0Ib 0Cll nIb 0=' 0'"nib

~II) ..0'"s:: I-"

=' \00. .......II) .......

=' ..o1b0'"

'<ot-tI:;o

no.zo ene~

='~nCll

~

='§~

nCll

Ea....

r'

89

69

.,,""'-.-....-:'

,

~olN 0 0 N co tJ"I 0 \0 0 0 \0 0

1\

ell .... , , N ~ tJ"I , I I I N I

1\

ell .... , I , I I I I I I , I

::>ell , I , , I , , N I , I ,S

N II I , , , , , N , ,e4d ,eda'1 , I , , \0 I , I I I , I

S

8n3 I , I ,~ I I N , I N I

Dna

("'l

:l°l 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N 0 0 0 In

S

lad , I , , , I N , I , I In

S C;WAD I I I I I I I I I 0 I I

4la::> I I I I I , , N I I , ,

NIO

co ..... ("'l r--- ..;t r--- ex> ('<"l ~ 0\ 0

=l°l..;t N .... r--- N N .... 0- \0 .... In ~('<"l ("'l ('<"l \0 ("'l ('<"l In ..;t

Pr---, , , ~a=lS .... I I ,

~,

~ ~

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