21

HAPTOPHYTES

14

15

Flagella, Haptonema

8

Haptonema Function

1) Obstacle Avoidance

2) Adhesion

3) Phagocytosis

1

External Covering

24

2) Organic Scales1) Naked

Figs. 10.7, 10.8 in Graham et al. 2008

Organic Scale Formation

External Covering

3

5

3) Coccoliths

“Coccospheres”

Heterococcolith Formation

Fig. 10.10 in Graham et al. 2008

Holococcolith Formation

Figs. 10.9, 10.11 in Graham et al. 2008

Coccolith Function

1) Focusing Light

2) Limit Access byBacteria, Viruses

3) Retard Herbivory

4) Buoyancy Regulation

Fig. 10.13 in Graham et al. 2008

Fig. 10.14 in Graham et al. 2008

Chloroplast Structure

Haptophyte Chloroplast Origin

Cell Division

Fig. 10.15 in Graham et al. 2008

Haptophyte Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

Holococcoliths (n) Heterococcoliths (2n)

Prymnesium Species A (n)

25

Prymnesium Species B (2n)26

Evidence for Holococcolith (n) as Gametes, Heterococcoliths (2n) as Zygotes

28

Haptophyte Significance

Isochrysis

29Pavlova lutheri

Phaeocystis is a Haptophyte. It forms a gelatinous colony. It is believed that their decaying remains are the cause of the foam on the sea shore.

10

Phaeocystis Colony

11

Haptophyte Significance

27

Chrysochromulina

26

Prymnesium parvum

Haptophyte Significance

22

Phaeocystis Colony

Emiliania

Fig. 10.16 in Graham et al. 2008

Haptophyte Significance

DMS (Volatile) Production

6

Oceans = 2/3 of Earth’s SurfaceCarbonate Deposits = ½ of Ocean Floor

Haptophytes Contribute ¼ of Carbonate on Ocean Floor7

Haptophyte Significance

Haptophyte Significance30

Haptophytes Contribute at least 25% of Vertical Carbon Transport to Ocean Floor (Graham et al. 2008)

12

13

Isle of Wight Chalk Cliffs

17

Haptophyte Significance

Haptophyte Phylogeny

1 http://img.search.com/thumb/d/d1/Emiliania_huxleyi_3.jpg/ 250px-Emiliania_huxleyi_3.jpg

2 http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~inouye/ino/h/phaeocystis.gif

3 http://www.b-s-p.org/bspnews/981/images/981-05a.png

4 http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/algae/phaeocystis450.jpg

5 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chromista/coccolith.gif

6 http://hjs.geol.uib.no/marinemicro/maps/0-0-2-map- sediments-facies.jpg

7 Graham and Wilcox 2000

8 Fig. 10-3 in Graham and Wilcox 2000

9 http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/hadleycentre/models/carbon_cycle/ CDIAC_glob_c_cycle.gif

11 http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~inouye/ino/h/phaeocystis.gif

10 http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/algae/ phaeocystis450.jpg

12 https://www.biomedia.cellbiology.ubc.ca/cellbiol/media/images/lrg625/1130048723_Akaroa_Bay-NZ-coccolith_of_Gephyrocapsa_oceanica-Apr-05_m05-2.jpg

13 Fig. 10-7 in Wilcox and Graham 2000

14 http://www.jochemnet.de/fiu/bot4404/Hapto_haptonema.jpg

15 http://www.jochemnet.de/fiu/hapto1.gif

16 Fig. 10-11 in Wilcox and Graham 2000

17 http://www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/bioref/Habitats/Needles_DSC_3524.jpg

18 http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/lm/sugars/cellulose.GIF

19 http://www.nature.com/news/2001/010118/images/cellulose_200.jpg

20 http://www.2spi.com/catalog/analytical/images/3d/calcium% 20carbonate%20crystals.jpg

21 http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/ina/graphics/stampdetail.jpg

22 http://www-gte.larc.nasa.gov/img/able1.jpg

23 http://www.uth.tmc.edu/bmb/images/faculty-mary-marsh-fig2.jpg

24 http://www.uth.tmc.edu/bmb/images/faculty-mary-marsh-fig2.jpg

25 http://www.scielo.cl/fbpe/img/imar/v35n1/fig09-02.jpg

26 http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/water/environconcerns/hab/ga/ images/p_parvumbuzan.jpg

27 http://www.jochemnet.de/fiu/bot4404/Hapto_Chrysochromulina2.gif

28 http://www.ag.auburn.edu/fish/image_gallery/data/media/32/oyster_food.jpg

29 http://www.lib.noaa.gov/korea/korean_aquaculture/algal.files/microalgal002.gif

30 http://www.e3alive.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/carboncycle.png