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7/24/2019 Kick Detection fadfadf3
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CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3
Detection of KicksDetection of Kicks
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Minimizing the amount of inuxMinimizing the amount of inux
signicantl inc!eases the chance of asignicantl inc!eases the chance of a
successful "ell cont!ol o#e!ation$successful "ell cont!ol o#e!ation$
In order to detect a kick in its earlieststages, we must be aware of theindicators that can warn us that thewell is flowing. If one or more of
these warning signs is observed, itshould be assumed that the well could
be flowing.
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WARNING SIGNS
In order to detect a
kick in its earliest
stages, we must beaware of the
indicators that can
warn us that the
well is flowing.
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Kick %n&icato!sKick %n&icato!s
Penetration Rate
Flow Rate Change
Pit Gain or Loss
Flow with the pump of
Pump Speed or Pressure Change
Oil Show or Increase in BackgroundGas
Improper Fill mounts
String !on"t Pull #r$
String !eight Change
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Penetration Rate Change:An abrut change in the rate
of enetration usuall!indicates a formation change,
often encountered while
drilling.
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Flow Rate Increase:
#hen the um isrunning at a constant
rate, it dislaces a
fi$ed amount of fluid
into the well. %he rate
of flow at surface is
measured. &ormation
fluid ma! be feeding in
if an increase in fluid
volume is seen 'moreflow out then we um
in( while the um rate
has not changed.
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)
Flow Rate #ecreaseFlow Rate #ecrease
#hen there is a decrease in flow rate,
assume there is lost circulation.
* +ost circulation lowers the fluid in thewell #hich lowers h!drostatic ressure
in the well #hich makes a kick morelikel!
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Volume Gain: &ormationfluid entering the well will
dislace fluid out of the hole,
resulting in a gain in it
volume.
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Volume Gain: ot alwa!s a
true indication that a kick isin the well.
1. /a! be transferring fluid fromone it to another.
2. Adding barite
3. Adding water or oil
4. %urning solids control
e0uiment off.5. #ash water
6. ain water
". #ater leaks in e0uiment
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Pit Loss: ot alwa!s a true
indication that a kick is in the
well.
1. %urning solids control
e0uiment on
2. uming a it or tra
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Flow Pump !!: If a
drilling break or a reversebreak is encountered, it is
recommended to erform a
flow check. If flow ceases,then drilling will robabl! be
resumed. If the flow ersists it
ma! be assumed the formation
is kicking and the well must be
shut in.
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The!e can 'e cases of o"The!e can 'e cases of o"
f!om the annulus not &uef!om the annulus not &ue
to the fo!mation kicking(to the fo!mation kicking(% Charging pump that did
not shut down when the
rig pumps were turned of%B% &'(u)ing o* hea+ier ,uid in
the string to the annulus%
C% Flow )ack o* mud due to-)allooning.
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Spee"#Pressure Change: An
influ$ of formation fluid will
usuall! decrease the densit! ofthe fluid column. As this occurs,
the h!drostatic ressure e$erted
b! the fluid decreases. %he fluid
in the string tends to *tub into
the annulus. As this occurs, the
um ressure will decrease and
an increase in um seed ma!
be noted.
%his could also indicate a
washout in the drill string.
uring a washout, the casing
ressure would remain fairl!
stable.
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Flow Pump !!: If a drilling break or
a reverse break is encountered, it is
recommended to erform a flow check.
If flow ceases, then drilling will robabl!
be resumed. If the flow ersists it ma!
be assumed the formation is kicking and
the well must be shut in.
%here can be cases of flow from the
annulus not due to the formation kicking.
%hese include
1. harging um that did not shut down
when rig ums were turned off.
2. *tubing of heavier fluid in the string to
the annulus.
3. &lowback of mud due to ballooning.
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Gas#il Shows Circulating: In man! areas
and activities, a gas detector is re0uired to
monitor the fluid returning from the well, and to
hel detect abnormal ressure trends. #hen anincrease in gas is detected, oil or gas ma! be
feeding in because of insufficient ressure
imosed on the well.
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1"
Improper Fill Amounts: %riing out of the hole
'or striing out( ma! be the most ha7ardous time
on a rig and one of the most common causes of
kicks. ontributing factors include +oss of
circulating ressures, swabbing, and imroer fill*
u that reduces h!drostatic ressure.
String Won$t Pull %r&: #hen triing out, it is
ossible for the formation fluid to enter the well at a
rate great enough to revent the fluid inside the ie
from falling.
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'ic(s ut o! )he *ole: #ell kicks occurring
when out of the hole often began during the tri out
but were not noticed. %he kick ma! have started
during the earl! art of the tri out. /ore likel!, the
kick started when the hole was not filled fre0uentl!enough towards the end of the tri or while handling
the collars.
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I* well is not taking theI* well is not taking the
proper amount o* ,uid toproper amount o* ,uid to/ll0/ll0(he trip should )e suspended(he trip should )e suspended Sta) -Full Open Sa*et$ 1al+e.Sta) -Full Open Sa*et$ 1al+e.
Close 1al+eClose 1al+e Check *or FlowCheck *or Flow
i i A i i i h ll i h ld di l
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%isplacement )rip In: As ie is run into the well, it should dislace
fluid out e0ual to ie8s dislacement if no floats are in use. If ie is
lowered too fast, fluid ma! be forced into the formation ahead of the ie
due to surge ressures. %his can result in lowering the fluid column and
reduction of h!drostatic ressure.
String Weight Change: If a string weight increase is noticed, the
increase could be due to an influ$ of formation fluid decreasing the
densit! of the fluid surrounding the ie. As the fluid densit! decreases
buo!anc! is reduced, resulting in an increase of weight that will benoticed at surface.
'ic(s While Logging or Wirelining: #ell kicks that occur while
logging and during wireline activities are the resule of
9%he swabbing action of the tools being ulled through a tight section of
the hole
9%he swabbing effect of tools being ulled to fast
9&ailing to kee the hole full during such activities
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'ic(s While Running Casing: :icks that occur while running casing
are similar to kicks while triing. An imortant oint to remember
about kicks while running casing is that rig oerations are oriented torunning casing, not to detecting a kick or shutting in a well.
'ic(s While Cementing: :icks that occur while cementing are theresult of reducing the mud column ressure during the oeration. %his
reduction of mud column ressure can result from light cement slurries,
lost circulation, imroerl! weighted sacer or the mechanics of the
cement setting u.
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Reasons to 2uickl$ RespondReasons to 2uickl$ Respond
to a 3ickto a 3ick 4inimi5e kick si5e4inimi5e kick si5e
4inimi5e well pressures 6Casing4inimi5e well pressures 6Casing
Pressures7Pressures7 Reduce time needed to kill the kickReduce time needed to kill the kick
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Positi)e %n&icato!s of aKick
8% Increase in Pit 1olume9% Increase in Flow Rate
Recommen&e& Action(Immediate action should )e taken to
shut'in the well whene+er theseindicators are e:perienced% It is notrecommended to check *or ,ow a*ter apositi+e indicator or has )een identi/ed%
* & % &i f
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*econ&a! %n&icato!s of aKick8% #ecrease in Circulating Pressure
9% Gradual Increase in #rilling Rate;% #rilling Breaks
or isa)out to kick% (hese indicators should ne+er )eignored% Instead> once reali5ed> steps should )etaken to determine the reason *or the indication
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%n&icato!s of A'no!malP!essu!e8% #ecrease in Shale #ensit$
9% Change in Cuttings Si5e and Shape;% Increasing Fill on Bottom *ter a (rip
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*umma!*umma!
3ick detection is e+er$)od$"s3ick detection is e+er$)od$"s
responsi)ilit$% Rigs ha+e )eenresponsi)ilit$% Rigs ha+e )een
lost )ecause o* a *ailure to alertlost )ecause o* a *ailure to alertthe super+isors that the wellthe super+isors that the well
ma$ )e ,owing% It is importantma$ )e ,owing% It is important
to recogni5e warning signs o*to recogni5e warning signs o*kick%kick%
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THETHE E+DE+D
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%etectiono! 'ic(s+inimi,ing the amount o! in!lu- signi!icantl& increases the
chance o! a success!ul well control operation.
In order to detect a kick in its earliest stages, we must be
aware of the indicators that can warn us that the well is
flowing. If one or more of these warning signs is observed, itshould be assumed that the well could be flowing. %he correct
action at this oint is to check for flow. If the well is flowing
and the mud ums or off, then that8s a sure sign that a kick is
in rogress. ever tr! to e$lain warning signs as beinganother t!e of roblem until it is roven that the well is not
kicking.
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Penetration Rate Change:
An abrut change in the rate
of enetration usuall!indicates a formation
change, often encountered
while drilling.