Kenya. Mt. Kenya East Pilot Project for Natural Resources Management (Upper Tana Catchment)

International Annual UN-Water Conference ;Zaragoza,Spain

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INTERNATIONAL UN-WATER CONFERENCE-ZARAGOZA,SPAIN

• 8TH TO 10TH JAN.2013

• PRESENTATION BY: FAITH MUTHONI LIVINGSTONE-KENYA.

• Case of Mt. Kenya East Pilot Project for Natural Resources Management ( Upper Tana Catchment).


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Country water context

A sustainable, secured water supply is the foundation for any human development. In Kenyan constitution, “everyone is entitled to clean and safe environment”-of which water is included.

Kenya is water scarce.Land size is 582,646Km2 of which 11,230 KM2 (1.9%) is water and water per capita is 500m3.

There is rapid deterioration of environment in Kenya’s five water towers due to human activity(deforestation, Soil erosion and encroachment into fragile ecosysthems).


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INSTITUTIONS UNDER WATER ACT 2002

1.MOWI(Policy level) 2.Water Service Trust Fund(Funding) 3.Water Management & Water Services (WARMA;WSRB-

Regulatory bodies) Catchment Area Advisory Committees-CAACs and

Service Providers(Service ) Water Resources Users Associations (WRUAs );Users and

Consumers. NB: Before Water Act 2002,the ministry was responsible

for all: policy, management, service and regulation.


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THE SIX WATER CATCHMENTS• Rift Valley • Lake victoria N• Lake victoria S• Ewaso Nyiro• Tana• Athi

Ewaso Ngioro

Rift Valley

LakeVictoriaNorth

LakeVictoriaSouth

Tana

Athi


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TANA BASIN

• The Tana basin covers an area of 126,026 km2 = 22% of Kenya’s area;• The basin has 34% of Kenyan surface water, and 24%

of Kenyan groundwater• Tana River is the biggest and longest in Kenya, with a

length of 1,012 km;• 70% of Kenya’s electricity requirements are

produced from Tana (Hydro);• 80% of Nairobi city fresh water comes from

Tana Basin (Ndakaini and Sasumua Dams).


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Key Actors

• Public sector institutions (govt depts;state authorities; CAACs;WUAs;WSTF;WAB

• Interested parties ( settlers, institutions, environmentalists)

• Polluters( coffee factories, municipalities, industries, sand harvesters etc)

• Lead and Enforcement Agencies (WARMA;NEMA;WRUAs;Judiciary;Public Health,Provincial Admin)


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Community level management Institution-WRUA

• This is an association of water users, riparian land owners, or other stakeholders who have formally and voluntarily associated for the purposes of cooperatively sharing, managing and conserving a common water resource.

• Purpose:To• Promote controlled and legal water use activities; • Promote good management practices to make efficient and sustainable use of

the water resource;• Spearhead water conservation practices to ensure sufficient water reserves

that meet the demands of the environment, the wildlife, the livestock and all the communities who rely on the water resource;

• Work towards reducing conflict in use of the water resource and participate in solving those that arise; and

• Promote catchment conservation measures to improve water quantities and quality.


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Instruments for Cooperation

• Legislative Frameworks– EMCA 1999– Water Act 2002– Forest Act Act 2005– Land Policy 2009– Constitution 2010 Incentives for cooperation

Human rights and legal obligations Equity and sustainable access

Information exchange and joint monitoring and assessment


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Financing cooperation

• Water Service Trust Fund(Pool)• Donors• Government Departments• Companies (KENGEN;NWC)• Community


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Achievements of cooperation

• Formation and capacity building of WRUAs;• Legalization of WRUAs;• Institutionalization of Planning process through

participatory preparation of Catchment (and sub-catchment) Mgt Plans;

• Cooperation between farmers, regulators, policy, and financiers;

• Development of water sources (surface and sub-surface);• Improved equity, access, control, efficiency and

sustainability of interventions.


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Barriers to cooperation

• Community perceptions regarding water-a free gift of nature;

• Inadequate data/information to support decision making;

• Multiplicity of laws and Weak enforcement• Low community capacity (skills) compared to

new roles and responsibilities.


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Key Challenges

• Financial limitations( WSTF is dependent on donor support);• Inadequate statistical data/information for decision making;• Technological limitations (e.g. in water extraction,

distribution, application,;)• Poverty/Environment nexus • Customs/believes e.g bush-burning; low women and youth

access to/control of land;• Inadequate Land laws & weak enforcement • Climate change (global warming, droughts and floods)


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LESSONS LEARNT

• Participation of key actors is crucial• Data/information is crucial for decision making• Gender Equity central for sustainability;• Accountability is central;• Capacity building essential;• Participation of both upstream and down stream

(land mgt and water users) key;• Replicability of the pilot initiative to other basins.


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SOME PICTORIAL-MKEPP NRM


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Rain water harvesting


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Soil and Water conservation


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Human/Wildlife conflict


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Ground water development to augment surface water


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Water Quality Monitoring


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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

Documents

Kenya. Mt. Kenya East Pilot Project for Natural Resources Management (Upper Tana Catchment)