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The conquest of Vietnam by France began in1858 and was com!eted by 188"# It becameart of French Indochina in 188$# Vietnamdec!ared indeendence after %or!d %ar II&

but France continued to ru!e unti! its 1'5"defeat by communist forces under (o )hiMIN(# *nder the +ene,a Accords of 1'5"&Vietnam was di,ided into the communist

North and anti-communist .outh# *.economic and mi!itary aid to .outh Vietnamgrew through the 1'/0s in an attemt tobo!ster the go,ernment& but *. armed

forces were withdrawn fo!!owing a cease-re

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Two years !ater& North Vietnamese forces o,erranthe .outh reuniting the country under communist

ru!e# 3esite the return of eace& for o,er a decadethe country e4erienced !itt!e economic growthbecause of conser,ati,e !eadershi o!icies& theersecution and mass e4odus of indi,idua!s& many

of them successfu! .outh Vietnamese merchants -and growing internationa! iso!ation# (owe,er& sincethe enactment of Vietnams 6doi moi6 7reno,ationo!icy in 1'8/& Vietnamese authorities ha,ecommitted to increased economic !ibera!i9ation and

enacted structura! reforms needed to moderni9ethe economy and to roduce more cometiti,e&e4ort-dri,en industries#

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The communist !eaders maintain tightcontro! on o!itica! e4ression but ha,edemonstrated some modest stes towardsbetter rotection of human rights# Thecountry continues to e4erience sma!!-

sca!e rotests& the ,ast ma:ority connectedto either !and-use issues& ca!!s forincreased o!itica! sace& or the !ac; ofequitab!e mechanisms for reso!,ing

disutes# The sma!!-sca!e rotests in theurban areas are often organi9ed by humanrights acti,ists&

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but many occur in rura! areas and

in,o!,e ,arious ethnic minorities such asthe Montagnards of the )entra!(igh!ands (ocation?

.outheastern Asia& bordering the +u!f ofThai!and& +u!f of Ton;in& and .outh )hina.ea& as we!! as )hina& >aos& and )ambodia

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Tri,ias Vietnam is the !argest e4orter ofcashews in the wor!d& and the second!argest e4orter of rice#

Instead of be!!s& traditiona! gongsare used to ca!! the Vietnamesechi!dren to schoo!#

The most common surname inVietnam is Nguyen#

The Vietnamese ;ee otbe!!y igsas ets#

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Iced tea is free in most restaurants#

.ome ha,e hot tea@ others ha,eboth#

%hen Vietnamese drin; tea or water

7or anything& they a!ways !ea,e 5 to10 in the cu after drin;ing# Theydon

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Nobody resects edestrian

!anesB9ebra crossing here# Theya!ways ha,e to say a !itt!e rayerwhen they cross the streets or whenthey wa!; on the a,ement#

E,ery fami!y has C or moremotorbi;es and they are ar;ed onthe ground Door# The !i,ing room is agarage at the same time#

uou ran 7sna;e wine& a Vietnamesesecia!ty of rice wine with a ic;!ed

sna;e inside& a!!eged!y can cure any

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+o,ernment)ommunist state

Executive branch

Chief of state: resident Truong Tan .AN+@ Vice

resident Nguyen Thi 3GAN 7both since C5 Hu!y C00$ head of government: rime Minister Nguyen Tan 3*N+

7since C$ Hune C00/@ 3euty rime Minister Vu 3uc 3AM7since 12 No,ember C012& 3euty rime Minister (oangTrung (AI 7since C August C00$& 3euty rime Minister

ham inh MIN( 7since 12 No,ember C012& 3euty rimeMinister Vu Van NIN( 7since 2 August C011& and 3eutyrime Minister Nguyen Juan (*) 7since 2 August C011

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Legislative branch

Description: unicamera! Nationa! Assemb!y or Luoc (oi

7500 seats@ members direct!y e!ected by abso!ute ma:ority,ote with a second round if needed@ members ser,e 5-yearterms

Elections: !ast he!d on CC May C011 7ne4t to be he!d inMay C01/

Election results: ercent of ,ote by arty@ seats by arty- )V "58& non-arty )V-aro,ed 28& se!f-nominated "@note - 500 candidates were e!ected@ the "'/ )V and non-

arty )V-aro,ed de!egates were members of theVietnamese Father!and Front and were ,etted rior to thee!ection

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Judicial branch

Highest court(s): .ureme eo!es )ourt 7consistsof the chief :ustice and 12 :udges

Judge selection and term of oce: chief :ustice

e!ected by the Nationa! Assemb!y on therecommendation of the resident for a 5-year&renewab!e term@ other :udges aointed by theresident for 5-year terms

subordinate courts: )ourt of Aea!s@

administrati,e& ci,i!& crimina!& economic& and !aborcourts@ )entra! Mi!itary )ourt@ eo!es .ecia!)ourts@ note - the Nationa! Assemb!y can estab!ishsecia! tribuna!s

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.urage 18 years of age@ uni,ersa!

o!itica! arties )ommunist arty of Vietnam or )V Nguyen hu TGN+O )ommunism in Vietnam has !ayed a ;ey ro!e in theo!itics of Vietnam since indeendence# Mar4ism was

introduced into Vietnam with the emergence of threesearate communist arties@ the Indochinese )ommunistarty& Annamese )ommunist arty and the Indochinese)ommunist *nion& :oined !ater by a Trots;yist mo,ement !edby TP Thu ThQu# In 1'20 the )ommunist Internationa!

7)omintern sent NguyRn Si Luc to (ong =ong tocoordinate the unication of the arties into the Vietnamese)ommunist arty with TrUn h as the rst .ecretary+enera!#

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>ater the arty changed its name to

the Indochinese )ommunist arty asthe )omintern& under Hoseh .ta!in&did not fa,or nationa!isticsentiments#

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)urrent News

Vietnam hit by rare stri;e for a fthday at ma:or footwear factory#

Thousands of wor;ers are on stri;eand ha,e massed eacefu!!y insideand outside the factory owned by

ou Wuen

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Vietnam rotesting o,er socia!

insurance co,er& Thousands ofwor;ers at a ma:or factory insouthern Vietnam went on stri;e fora fth day on Tuesday in rotest o,ersocia! insurance co,er& in a rare showof !abour unrest in a countryositioning itse!f as a future Asian

manufacturing owerhouse#

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Thousands of cats smugg!ed from )hina buried a!i,e inVietnam

o!ice say three tons of !i,e cats intended for i!!ega! meat tradeosed an en,ironmenta! and hea!th ris;&,ietnameseauthorities ha,e buried thousands of sei9ed cats X manybe!ie,ed to ha,e been a!i,e at the time X after the fe!ines were

smugg!ed from )hina to feed the nations i!!ega! cat meattrade#A truc; containing three tons of !i,e cats crammed intobamboo crates was imounded !ast Tuesday in the,iatnamese caita! (anoi& with o!ice initia!!y undecided howto dea! with the anima!s#ut on %ednesday& a o!ice oYcerto!d AF they had been buried in accordance with Vietnamese!aw on smugg!ed goods#6The cats were from )hina& with nooYcia! origin aers and no quarantine&6 a o!iceman from the3ong 3a district en,ironmenta! o!ice said& sea;ing oncondition of anonymity#