Kashmir Cements

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT

For

1200 TPD (396000 TPA) CEMENT PLANT AT VILLAGE BHATYAN, KHREW, TEHSIL PAMPORE DISTRICT PULWAMA, JAMMU AND KASHMIR

by

Kashmir Cements

Prepared by: Enviro Infra Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 301 to 305, SRBC, Sector 9, Vasundhara, Ghaziabad (NABET Accredited Consultants having Accreditation No. NABET/EIA/1619/IA0018 valid upto November 09, 2019)

Final EIA Report – Kashmir Cements, Khrew, Pampore, Pulwama (J & K)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Title Page number

1 PROLOGUE 1 – 9

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Methodology 5

1.3 Structure of the report 8

2 PROJECT PROFILE 10 – 24

2.1 The project 11

2.2 The Industrial Unit 11

2.3 Utilities and Auxiliary Requirements 17

2.4 Sources and Nature of Pollution 20

3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 25 – 55

3.1 Meteorology 29

3.2 Air environment 32

3.3 Noise environment 40

3.4 Water quality 43

3.5 Land environment 47

3.6 Biological environment 52

3.7 Socio-economic environment 53

4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT

56 – 76

4.1 Determinants of environmental impacts 58

4.2 Environmental parameters 64

4.3 Impact identification 67

4.4 Quantification of significant impacts 72

4.5 Overall impact assessment 75

5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 77 – 93

5.1 Mitigation measures 77

5.2 Rain water harvesting 87

5.3 Management, staffing and capacity development 90


6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 94 – 94

7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 95 – 120

7.1 Public Hearing 95

7.2 Occupational Health and Safety 98

7.3 Disaster and Emergency Response Management 101

7.4 Off-site Emergency Management 107

8 PROJECT BENEFITS 111 – 112

9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 113 - 114

LIST OF TABLES

Table no. Title Page number

2.1 Growth of Indian Cement Industry 10

3.1 Monthly average range in dry bulb temperatures 30

3.2 Total monthly rainfall 31

3.3 Monthly average range of relative humidity 31

3.4 Monthly average wind speed 32

3.5 Distances and directions of ambient air quality monitoring stations w.r.t. site

33

3.6 Ambient air quality monitoring data 36

3.7 Noise monitoring data 42

3.8 Ground water characteristics 46

3.10 Soil characteristics 51


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure no. Title Page number

3.1 Topographical Map of the study area (1: 15000 scale) 26

3.2 Topographical Map of the study area (1: 50000 scale) 27

3.3 Satellite imagery of the study area 28

3.4 Ambient air quality monitoring locations 35

3.5 Ground water quality monitoring locations 45

3.6 Soil quality monitoring locations 50

LIST OF ANNEXURES 1. TOR approved from MoEFCC

2. Compliance of the approved TOR

3. Location map of the project

4. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site on a satellite imagery – Google earth map of site and surrounding area

5. Layout map of the project

6. Photographs of the proposed plant site

7. List of major industries nearby the project site

8. Map indicating the distance between project site and Dachigam National Park

9. NOC from Wildlife Department

10. Land Allotment Papers

Chapter – 1

PROLOGUE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

India, the fourth largest economy in the world, has been maintaining a GDP growth

rate of around 7 % for more than a decade. Analysts have projected that India has the

potential to almost double her present rate of growth with labor and capital

productivity improvements. Industrial development plays an essential supportive role

in improving labor and capital productivity. Investment in industrial sector is also an

indicator of economic growth in all market economies. Reform process in industrial

sector has garnered unprecedented momentum. With vast untapped opportunities,

India could well be the desired location for the industrial sector in the non-too-distant

future. A parallel can be drawn from China, which receives almost three times of the

FDI inflows in India.

Cement is an essential component of infrastructure development and most important

input of construction industry, particularly in the government’s infrastructure and

housing programs, which are necessary for the country’s socio-economic growth and

development. It is also the second most consumed material on the planet. The Indian

cement industry is the second largest producer of cement in the world just behind

China, but ahead of the United States and Japan. It is consented to be a core sector

accounting for approximately 1.3% of GDP and employing over 0.14 million people.

Also, the industry is a significant contributor to the revenue collected by both the

central and state governments through excise and sales taxes.

The characteristics of the Indian cement industry need to be discussed to understand

its structure better. Firstly, it is a combination of mini (more than 300 units) and large

capacity cement plants, where majority of the production of cement (94%) in the

country is by large plants. The conventional method of cement manufacturing used by

large plants (Rotary Kiln) needs high capacity, huge deposits of lime stone in its

vicinity, high capital investment and long gestation period. Hence, mini cement plants

based on Vertical Shaft Kiln technology and small Rotary Kilns, suiting the small

deposits of limestone are becoming popular. Also, they create less environmental

pollution. Against the requirement of Rs. 3500 per ton of capacity of large plants,

capital costs for mini-cement plants come to about Rs. 1,400 to Rs. 1,600 per ton.

The viability of the location plays a major role in the economics of cement

manufacturing. One of the other defining features of the Indian cement industry is that

the location of limestone reserves in select States has resulted in it’s evolving in the

form of clusters. The proximity of coal deposits constitutes another important factor in

cement manufacturing. Since cement is a high bulk and low value commodity,

competition is also localized because the cost of transportation of cement to distant

markets often results in the product being uncompetitive in those markets. There are at

present seven clusters, where Satna (Madhya Pradesh) cluster is the leader in capacity

as well as production. Others are Chandrapur (North Andhra Pradesh and

Maharashtra), Gulbarga (North Karnataka and East AP), Chanderia (South Rajasthan,

Jawad and Neemuch in MP), Bilaspur (Chattisgarh), Yerraguntla (South AP), and

Nalgonda (Central AP).

Jammu and Kashmir, located in northern India, has tourism as the bedrock of its

economy and a vibrant industrial and manufacturing sector. Govt. of India has given

special incentives in the form of Tax concessions to attract investments in the

industrial sector in industrially backward states likes Uttranchal, Himachal Pradesh,

Jammu and Kashmir etc. With the sole aim of making Jammu and Kashmir an

industrial hub, the government has been making higher allocations for this sector. In

the state of Jammu and Kashmir substantial and varied type of minerals deposits are

found in its all districts. Minerals which could be commercially exploited include coal

lignite, bauxite, limestone and gypsum etc. These minerals are available in the

different districts in the state. As regard to limestone and gypsum, sufficient deposits

are available in the districts of Anantnag, Baramulla, Kathua, Udhampur, Doda and

Pulwama. Cement industries have been set up in these regions due to the availability

of limestone and gypsum. The availability of limestone and gypsum decreases the

cost of production and hence the factor is attracting the local as well as outsider

entrepreneurs in the state for cement production. Cost of cement manufacturing at

factory gate is one of the lowest in the region. As regards the availability of limestone

for the cement manufacture is concerned, the same is provided by J K Mineral

Development Corporation Ltd. through leasing of limestone area to various lease

holders. Apart from limestone and gypsum, flyash is also required by the cement plant

which could be made available by the thermal power station located in outside states.

Setting up of large number of cement plants are necessary in the state to manufacture

cost effective cement for the creation of necessary infrastructure such as road, railway

tracks, bridges, over bridges, hydel projects, housing and hotels constructions to

accommodate large number of tourists equal to total population of the state visiting

every year in the state.

Kashmir Cements, a partnership firm duly registered with sub registrar, Srinagar

having Mr. Ovaice Ishaq Zaroo and Mr. Davinder Verma as its partners, intend to set

up a cement plant for the production of Portland cement with an annual installed

capacity of 396000 MT/annum or 1200 MT/day to be located at village Bhatayan,

Khrew, Tehsil Pampore, District Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir. The promoters of the

project will be getting the industrial unit registered with the Secretariat for Industrial

Assistance, Ministry of Industry, Govt. of India for the manufacture of Clinker and

Portland Cement (broad description of manufacture of Portland Cement, aluminous

cement, slag cement and similar hydraulic cements, and also in the form of Clinkers)

with a capacity of 396000 MT/annum. The cement plant is proposed to be set up using

Rotary Kiln Technology. The promoters of the project have already acquired 77

Kanals (3.89 Hectares) of land for the installation of complete cement plant including

area for plantation purposes. The estimated cost of the proposed project would be

around Rs 146.98 Crores. The industry would operate for 330 days in a year. The

cement plant would require a power input of around 9.0 MW which would be

available from state electricity supply. Manpower requirements for the cement plant

would be around 200 persons. The project would be installed and commissioned

within 18 months from the date of receipt of Environmental Clearance from the

Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, New Delhi.

The proposed project comes under the preview of Environmental Clearance and is

listed at S. No. 3 (b), under Category ‘B’ and S. No. 1 (a), under Category ‘B’, of the

schedule of EIA Notification, 2006 and its amendments. The site is located within 5

km of Dachigam National Park (Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life

Protection Act, 1972), so the project comes under Category – A. Keeping in line with

the requirements of Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of

India notification dated 14th September, 2006, M/s Kashmir Cements has retained M/s

Enviro Infra Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Vasundhara, Ghaziabad (NABET Accredited

Consultants having Accreditation No. NABET/EIA/1619/IA0018 valid upto

November 09, 2019) for the environmental clearance of their proposed cement plant

of capacity 396000 MT/annum or 1200 MT/day to be located at village Bhatayan,

Khrew, Tehsil Pampore, District Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir from Ministry of

Environment and Forests, New Delhi.

Salient Features of the Cement Plant Project

S. No.

Particulars Details

1. Nature & Size of the Project Clinker and Portland Cement plant having production capacity @ 1200 MT/day or 396000 MT/annum

2. Category of the Project S. No. 3 (b); Category ‘B’. Dachigam National Park falls within 5 kms. of project site and general condition is applicable, so the falls under Category ‘A’.

3. Location Details

Village Bhatayan

Tehsil Pampore

District Pulwama

State Jammu and Kashmir

Latitude 34°03'09.13"N

Longitude 75°01'07.96"E

4. Total Plant Area 3.89 Hectares/9.6 Acres.

5. Greenbelt / Plantation Area 1.28 Hectares/ 3.2 Acres, i.e. ~33% of the project area will be covered under greenbelt/ plantation

6. Environmental Setting Details

Nearest Village Bhatayan

Nearest Town & City Pampore (15 km from site)

Nearest National/State Highway NH 44 (15 kms.)

Nearest Railway station Pampore Railway Station (15 km)

Nearest Airport Srinagar (30 km)

National Parks, Wildlife Dachigam National Park falls within 5 km

Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves, Tiger/ Elephant Reserves

radius from the plant site.

River / Water Body No river/water body within 10 km radius of plant site

7. Products to be manufactured Clinker/Portland Cement @ 1200 MT/day or 396000 MT/annum

8. Raw Material Consumption

Limestone – 1470 MT/day Coal/Pet coke – 245 MT/day Clay – 306 MT/day Iron dust – 20 MT/day

9. Source of Water Ground Water @ 40 m3/day

10. Quantity of Effluent generation Domestic Effluent @ 9 m3/day

11. Disposal of treated effluent Treated domestic effluent to be used on land for irrigation purposes within the factory premises.

12. Details of process emissions Process emissions from crusher section, raw mill section, kiln section, cement mill section and emissions from roads

13. Proposed air pollution control device

Bag Filters for crusher section, raw mill section, cement mill section etc. and ESP for Rotary Kiln

14. Cost of the Project: Rs (in Crores)

146.98 Crores

15. Working Days 330 days / annum

1.2 METHODOLOGY

The methodology adopted for carrying out the rapid environmental impact assessment

study is based on the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Environment & Forests

(MoEF), Government of India. An effective EIA requires sufficient background data

on various environmental components through reconnaissance survey, sampling, data

available with the government departments, etc. The methodology adopted in

preparing the rapid environmental impact assessment report is described below.

1.2.1 Screening

The project is covered under Category 3 (b) - 3(b) – <1.0 million tonnes/annum

production capacity and all Stand-alone grinding units and S. No. 1 (a), under

Category ‘B’. The industry had applied to the MoEF for the approval of Terms of

Reference for the Environmental Impact Assessment study. Refer Annexure 1 for

TOR approved by MoEF. The company has got the approval of Terms of Reference

(TOR) from the Expert Appraisal Committee of Industrial Projects, Ministry of

Environment and Forests, New Delhi for the cement plant. Copy of compliance of

approved Terms of Reference (TOR) is enclosed as annexure – 2.

1.2.2 Scope of the study

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study was undertaken to incorporate the

environmental and social considerations into the project planning and design process

in order to ensure that the proposed cement plant project under consideration is

environmentally sound. The EIA report is based on data collected from primary and

secondary sources that include:

Collection of information on existing baseline conditions in order to identify the

existing environmental quality of the study area

Ambient air, water and soil quality and noise level monitoring

Identification of environmentally sensitive locations (if any) in the impacted area

Consultation with stakeholders

Assess the adverse impacts on the environment and to avoid the impacts, suggest

cost effective mitigation and management measures to mitigate the negative

impacts

Preparation of Environmental Management Plan, which will include associated

costs for execution of mitigation and enhancement, works; development of an

environmental monitoring program for construction and operational phases;

detailing of the requirements for administrative requirements and training.

Addressing the derived issues involving occupational health and safety, and

emergency/disaster management to limit/contain the adverse effects

1.2.3 The methodology

Methodology adopted for the Environmental Impact Assessment was in accordance

with the requirements of the TOR approved by the MoEF. The methodology adopted

for the EIA is discussed in the following paragraphs.

1.2.3.1 Environmental screening and scoping

Environmental screening exercise of the proposed project was undertaken to ascertain

the major environmental issues and define the scope of work (TOR) for conducting

environmental assessment. As per the recommendations of the MoEF, detailed

Environmental Assessment has been carried out for the proposed project.

1.2.3.2 Surveys for collection of baseline data

A reconnaissance survey of the study area was conducted to map the data collection

requirements. Baseline data collection has been planned as per the TOR finalized.

Baseline data describes the existing environmental status of the identified study area.

Site specific primary data has been monitored and it has been supplemented by the

secondary data available from various govt. and other agencies. Data was collected on

the various environmental components of soil, climate, geology, hydrology, water

quality, flora and fauna, habitat, demography, land use, cultural properties etc, to

establish the baseline environmental setup. Secondary data about the study area was

collected from published and other relevant sources. For baseline environmental

setting of the study, data collection (primary and secondary) has been done from 1st

October, 2018 to 31st December, 2018 (post monsoon season).

1.2.3.3 Environment sampling and analysis

In order to assess the environmental conditions of the study area, different locations

were identified for sampling and analysis (monitoring) of ambient air, soil, water

quality, noise level. Monitoring has been carried out at various rural/residential, and

sensitive locations to establish the baseline conditions of the project area according to

the standard accepted procedures.

1.2.3.4 Environmental impact assessment

The project details have been thoroughly assessed from environmental angle for

identification of significant environmental issues of concern (with emphasis on

potential environmental hazards), applicable statutory norms and their feasible

remedial measures (including avoidance, mitigation and enhancements). Potential and

significant impacts were assessed on the basis of analytical review of anticipated

significant environmental issues in relation to the baseline environmental setting.

1.2.3.5 Mitigation measures

To contain adverse impacts, as well as to enhance positive impacts, suitable corrective

options have been identified and implementable measures have been specified.

1.2.3.6 Environmental management plan

The EMP concentrates on effective implementation of mitigation measures, system

for controls and checks for achieving desired results. It covers detailed action plan

during the construction and operational phases of the project with an effective

management system for its successful implementation.

1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

The report has been divided into 9 chapters including this Prologue and Annexures.

Following paragraphs present an outline of the chapters.

Chapter 2 – Project Description. In this chapter, the project has been described

from an environmental perspective with applicable statutory norms and outline of

the pollution control systems.

Chapter 3 – Baseline Environmental Setting. The chapter gives details of

physical environment in the study area – geology and topography (including

drainage and drainage basins), water resources (qualitative and quantitative

characteristics), local meteorology, ambient air quality, soil characteristics, sound

and noise – biological and ecological conditions (including sensitive areas), socio-

economics and cultural resources (including unique areas, demographic

information), energy scenario, transportation pattern, and infrastructural services.

The data and information presented in the chapter is gathered from primary and

secondary sources.

Chapter 4 – Environmental Impact Assessment. This chapter identifies and

assesses various impact determinants and anticipated environmental impacts due to

the proposed project.

Chapter 5 – Environmental Management Plan. The chapter addresses the

requirements to contain adverse impacts. This covers detailed action plan on

proposed mitigation measures and their implementation, and monitoring of

environment, and also related sundry issues, such as, occupational health and

safety, emergency response planning, administrative mechanism for effective

implementation including budgetary requirements.

Chapter – 2

PROJECT PROFILE

2.0 The attempt to produce cement in India dates back to 1889 when a Calcutta firm

attempted to produce cement from Argillaceous (kankar). But the first organized

effort on mass scale to manufacture portland cement commenced in Madras

(Washermanpet), in 1904, by South India Industries Limited. However, it was in 1914

that the first commissioned cement-manufacturing unit in India was set up by India

Cement Company Limited at Porbandar, Gujarat, with an installed capacity of 10,000

tonnes per annum. Subsequently, two plants; one at Katni (M.P.) and another at

Lakheri (Rajasthan) were set up. The First World War gave positive stimulus to the

infant industry. The following decades saw increase in number of plants, installed

capacity and production. In 1927, Concrete Association of India was formed whose

two main objectives were to educate public about the use of cement and to play an

active role in popularizing Indian cement. In 1936, eleven companies merged to form

Associated Cement Company Limited (ACC). In 1937, Dalmiya Jain Group set up

five factories with installed capacity of 575000 tonnes and ACC added four more

plants. After the decontrol of cement industry by the Government of India in the year

1991, the Indian cement industry moved towards globalization, with increasing

emphasis on the exports. The expansion of the industry was evident after the

decontrol where capacity as well as production increased many folds. Growth was

seen from 91 plants and 43 million tonnes of production in 1989 - 90 to 132 plants

and 161.66 million tonnes production in 2006 - 07. Total capacity utilization for the

industry has also increased from 78% to 91% during the same period. The evolution

of the industry during various Five-Year Plans can be seen in the following Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

Growth of Indian Cement industry

End Year of the Plan Capacity

(MT) Production

(MT) Capacity

Utilization (%)

1st Plan (1955-56) 5.02 4.60 92

2nd Plan (1960-61) 9.30 7.97 86

3rd Plan (1965-66) 12.00 10.97 91

4th Plan (1973-74) 19.76 14.66 74

5th Plan (1978-79) 22.58 19.42 86

6th Plan (1984-85) 42.00 30.13 72

7th Plan (1989-90) 61.37 45.42 74

8th Plan (1996-97) 105.26 76.22 72

9th Plan (2001-02) 145.99 106.90 73

10th Plan (2006-07) 177.83 161.66 91

11th Plan (2007-12) 235.83 188.66 80

2.1 THE PROJECT

Kashmir Cements is a partnership firm duly registered with sub registrar, Srinagar

having Mr. Ovaice Ishaq Zaroo and Mr. Davinder Verma as its partners. The

promoters of the firm intend to set up a Cement plant for the production of Portland

cement with an annual installed capacity of 396000 MT/annum or 1200 MT/day to be

located at village Bhatayan, Khrew, Tehsil Pampore, District Pulwama, Jammu and

Kashmir. The cement plant is proposed to be set up using Rotary Kiln Technology.

The promoters of the project have already acquired 77 Kanals (3.89 Hectares) of land

for the installation of complete cement plant including area for plantation purposes.

The estimated cost of the proposed project would be around Rs 146.98 Crores. The

project would be installed and commissioned within 18 months from the date of

receipt of Environmental Clearance from the Ministry of Environment, Forests &

Climate Change, New Delhi. The industry would operate for 330 days in a year. The

cement plant would require a power input of around 9.0 MW which would be

available from state electricity supply. Manpower requirements for the cement plant

would be around 200 persons. The industry would employ local manpower for the

production process and no residential colony would be developed within the industry.

2.2 THE INDUSTRIAL UNIT

There are two different types of process methods, referred to as "wet" and "dry". The

essential difference between the two types is the medium used to mix the powdered

raw materials prior to heating, and the consequent degree of moisture in the materials

entering the kiln. In the wet method, water is added to the raw materials after milling

to promote thorough mixing, and the mixture is added to the kiln as slurry, containing

30-40% water. In the dry method, the powders are generally blended in a silo using

compressed air. Kashmir Cements would use the ‘dry method’ for the production of

clinker and cement. The different process steps involved in the production of cement

are discussed as under;

2.2.1 LIMESTONE

The proposed location of the project is within the Khrew Limestone area in District

Pulwama which is suitable for mining of lime stone. Besides this, the industrial unit is

having an area of 4.15 hectares of land for the mining of limestone for captive

consumption nearby to the cement plant site. The mining site is for captive use only

and the project proponent can extract the limestone @ 50000 MT/annum. Additional

limestone requirements would be met through the purchase of raw material from other

mine holders located in the nearby area.

2.2.2 CRUSHING OF LIMESTONE

The big boulders obtained from the mines would be crushed into crushers. The

crushing would be carried out in double stages by using primary crusher and

secondary crusher. Jaw crushers would be employed for reduction of size of limestone

boulders to a suitable feed size acceptable to the different types of grinding machines

installed in the plant. The crushed limestone would be transported to plant stockpile

with the help of belt conveyor/ropeway.

2.2.3 PREHOMOGENISATION

The crushed limestone would be transported to stacker reclaimer site with the help of

belt conveyor/ropeways installed at plant site. The crushed limestone would be pre-

blended with the help of stacker and reclaimer systems. The crushed limestone

travelling on the belt conveyors would be stacked in layers with the help of stacker

machine, which moves to and fro along the side of stacking yard. The stacked

materials would be then cut in slices with the help of a reclaiming machine which

mixes the layers of stacked limestone thereby reducing the variation in quality of

limestone as compared to the large variations obtained in the limestone obtained from

mines.

2.2.4 GRINDING OF RAW MATERIALS

The pre-blended limestone from stack pile would be transported to raw mill hoppers.

Raw mill hoppers would be provided with continuous weighing machines known as

weigh feeders in order to produce a suitable raw meal proportioned appropriately for

production of desired good quality of cement clinker. Vertical Roller Mill and Tube

Mill Grinding machines would be used for production of pulverized raw meal.

2.2.5 HOMOGENISATION

The raw meal ground in the raw mill would be thoroughly blended in vertically tall

blending silos. The blending would be performed pneumatically by introducing the

compressed air in the bed of fine raw meal fed to the blending silo. The blended raw

meal would be taken out of the silo with the help of air slides and would be fed in a

central discharge bin, which would be continuously aerated for accomplishing final

blending of raw materials. The characteristics of blending raw meal would satisfy the

requirement of standard deviation variation in the range of (+/-) 0.2% CaO of raw

meal. The moisture content of raw meal powder would be less than 1%. The properly

blended raw meal would now be ready for burning the same to produce cement

clinker in the cement kiln.

2.2.6 PYROPROCESSING

The modern pyroprocessing system comprises of three important sections namely

preheating and precalcining, clinkerisation and cooling. The preheating section is a

tall column and comprises of battery of cyclones arranged one over the other in series.

The preheaters would comprise of 5-6 stage of low-pressure cyclones. The riser ducts

of top stage cyclones would be connected with powerful induced draft fans also

known as preheater fans, smoke gas fans etc. Precalcining of raw meal would be

carried out in separate vessel vertically held and placed in between preheating and

clinkerisation section. The clinkerisation reaction would be carried out in a rotary kiln

furnace. The rotary kiln is a long cylindrical shell provided with refractory bricks

from inside which prevents the heat loss from the kiln and protects the steel shell from

any damage due to persistent high temperature maintained inside the kiln. In the

rotary shaft kiln, the kiln would be inclined at an angle of about 3-5o from horizontal

from preheating to the cooling end. The rotary kilns would be mounted on tires and

rotated at a speed of 2.5-4 rpm. The dry and properly blended raw meal would be

lifted mechanically by bucket elevator from the bottom of raw meal blending/storage

silo to the top of the preheater, and fed at the top stage of cyclone inlet duct with the

help of screw conveyor and rotary air lock. Raw meal weigh-feeders would be

installed for continuous weighment of raw meal for feeding the same to preheater at a

constant rate.

2.2.7 COAL GRINDING SYSTEM

The coal obtained in the form of lump containing upto 10% moisture would be

grounded to suitable fineness in closed circuit tube mills. The cooler exhaust/ part of

preheater gases would be used for driving away the moisture from coal while grinding

the same in the air swept tube mills.

2.2.8 CLINKER FORMATION

Conversion of raw meal into cement clinker would be accomplished in steps in

various zones of kiln circuit. The pulverized fuel (about 35-40% of total fuel to be fed

to kiln system) would be pushed into the burning zone of rotary kiln through a

specially designed burner pipe along with the carrier air known as primary air. The

high temperature persisting in burning zone makes the fine coal to burn near the tip of

burner pipe and helps in flame propagation.

The combustion gases generated from burning of purlverized coal in clinkerisation

zone of the kiln flow towards the inlet of PH fan under the influence of the induced

draft created in the kiln circuit. While flowing from burning zone towards the inlet of

fan after passing through Kiln Precalciner–Preheater circuit, the high temperature

combustion gas transfers its heat to the finally derived raw meal which would be fed

to the inlet duct of 1st stage twin cyclone and falls towards the bottom end of

preheater after passing through all stages of cyclones under the influence of hot gases

flowing in the circuit. The moisture and other volatile contents present would be

completely driven away and thus raw meal would attain a precalcination of about 35-

40% before reaching the precalcining vessel installed in between preheater and kiln.

The precalciner would be fired with 40-55% of total pulverized fuel for increasing the

precalcination degree of raw meal up to 90-92% before the same is fed to kiln for

accomplishing the clinkerisation reaction. The remaining 8-10% degree of calcination

of raw meal would be performed in the kiln before the meal enters into the burning

zone. Thus burning zone in rotary kiln would receive complete decarbonated material,

the part of which would be transformed into liquid after achieving appropriate melting

temperature of some of the raw meal components and powdery form of raw meal

would be converted into nodulized clinker form. The final clinkerisation of raw meal

would be achieved between the temperature range of 1250-1450oC depending upon

the raw meal characteristics. The high temperature clinker nodules varying in size

would then fall out of the kiln and enter the cooler.

The modern folax grate coolers would be provided with fixed and moving grate

plates. Below the grate would be provided number of air chambers which receive

atmospheric cold air with the help of number of high-pressure discharge fans in

different compartments. The pressurized air flows through the holes provided in the

grate plates and cools the clinker which would be travelling in the form of granules on

the grate plates. The clinker would be cooled down to a temperature of 100-150oC

while leaving the outlet end of the cooler. The cold clinker would be crushed

continuously in a suitable clinker crusher provided at the outlet end of the cooler

before the same is discharged on the clinker transportation system for transporting the

same to clinker storage Silo stock/Pile.

2.2.9 CEMENT GRINDING

In order to achieve the objectives of energy conservation, the clinker produced in

rotary kiln would be usually stored for few days before it is ground in cement

grinding mills along with appropriate quantity of gypsum and other additive materials

for production of finely pulverized cement with desired fineness. The ball mills along

with roller press would be used for clinker grinding in cement plant.

2.2.10 CEMENTS STORAGE, PACKING & DESPATCH

The pulverized different types of cements would be stored in different silos installed

with different capacities. Depending upon the market requirements the cement would

be loaded in bulk or packed in 50 KG bags with the help of conventional rotary

packages or electronic packages, loaded onto trucks and finally dispatched to the

required destinations.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF CEMENT

Limestone/Iron Dust/Clay

Coal

Raw Mill

Storage Silo

Pyro Process

Cooler

Clinker Stock

Cement Mill

Cement Silo

Gypsum

Packing

2.3 Utilities and auxiliary requirements

The various utility and auxiliary requirements for the cement manufacturing process

will include;

a) Raw materials

b) Transportation of raw materials

c) Storage of raw materials

d) Lubricant Oils

e) Electrical sub-station

f) D.G. Sets

2.3.1 Raw Materials

Lime Stone – Limestone is the main raw material for the production of cement. It

should have the following chemical composition/specifications (as per NCBM) for its

use in the cement industry.

Oxide components Acceptable range Limiting value benefication for blending

Cao 44 - 52 40

Mgo 3.5 5

SiO2 To satisfy LSF & S. Min. raw mix.

Al 2O3

Fe2O3

Khrew limestone area is rich in limestone. The quality of limestone available at

Khrew area is suitable for the production of cement. The limestone in the area is

divided into three bands based on chemical quality. All these bands show lime stone

content more than 50%.

Other raw materials - The other raw materials required by the unit are pet coke, clay,

iron dust and gypsum. The requirement of various components of raw material per

ton of clinker is computed after selecting modules for lime, silica and aluminum.

However, the general composition factor would be more or less as follows:

S.

No.

Raw Material Consumption per ton of cement

Share

1. Limestone 1.224 72%

2. Clay 0.255 15%

3. Coal/pet coke 0.204 12%

4. Iron ore/dust 0.017 1%

Total 1.700 100%

Coal of requisite quality is available for Kalakote in Jammu and Kashmir and Coal

Mines at Bihar and West Bengal. The calcinated clay is available for local and

adjoining areas. Iron ore/dust is available from Uri and Rambari mines and steel Re-

Rolling Mills at Jammu and outside the state. The other raw material viz gypsum, is

easily available locally from J & K Minerals Ltd, a State Corporation. The pet coke is

available from Reliance Industries, Jamnagar as well as IOC, Panipat. The

consumable stores and packing material i.e. HDPE bags, are easily available from

Jammu and Delhi Markets. As such, the unit is not likely to face any difficulty

regarding availability of raw materials and packing materials of required quantity at

maximum capacity utilization.

2.3.2 Transportation

The existing plant location is at Khrew. The unit will construct approach metal road

to connect the location of the industry with the nearby metalled road. Thus, the unit is

not likely to face any difficulty on account of transportation of raw materials and

finished goods. The limestone from the limestone mine(s) which are located nearby to

the sites would be transported through trucks to the limestone storage area. Gypsum

would be available at site from Anantnag, Baramulla, Kathua, Udhampur, Doda and

Pulwama areas through trucks. The other raw materials would be coal of requisite

quality which is available for Kalakote in Jammu and Kashmir and Coal Mines at

Bihar and West Bengal. In case of purchase of coal from Bihar and West Bengal, the

same would be transported through railway wagons upto Jammu, and from there it

would be transported by covered trucks up to the site. The calcinated clay is available

from local and adjoining areas and would be transported through trucks. Iron ore/dust

is available from Uri and Rambari mines and steel Re-Rolling Mills at Jammu. The

iron ore/dust would be transported to the site by trucks.

2.3.3 Storage of raw materials

The industry would construct covered areas for the proper storage of raw materials.

The sheds for the storage of raw materials would be coved from the top as well as

from the sides for the control of fugitive emissions. The section wise area to be

constructed for the storage of raw materials as well as product would be as follows;

S. No.

Particulars Length

(m)

Width

(m)

Area

(m2)

1. Raw Material Storage 50.00 10.00 500.00

2. Raw Material Storage Section

Lime Stone

Coal/Pet Coke

Clay

Additives

40.00

50.00

40.00

20.00

30.00

15.00

10.00

10.00

1200.00

750.00

400.00

200.00

3. Raw Mill Section

Raw Mill

MCC Room

30.00

15.00

25.00

10.00

750.00

150.00

4. Blending Silo 40.00 25.00 1000.00

5. Kiln Section

Kiln Section

MCC Room

30.00

10.00

15.00

05.00

450.00

50.00

6. Clinker/Gypsum Section

Clinker Section

Gypsum Section

40.00

15.00

20.00

10.00

800.00

150.00

7. Cement Mill Section

Cement Mill

MCC Room

40.00

10.00

10.00

05.00

400.00

50.00

8. Cement Silo and Packing 30 20 600

2.3.4 Lubricants and oils

The requirements will include hydraulic oil (for hydraulic operations), lubricant oils

(for machinery, in-house vehicles and DG sets), transformer oils (for transformers in

electrical sub-station), and coolant oil. The hydraulic oil will be used in closed loop

and needs to be rejected (to account for loss of its desirable properties) periodically.

The rejection, and hence, make-up, requirement will be about 1000 litre/year. The

overall waste lube oil generation will be about 500 litre/year. The transformer oil

rejection, and hence, make-up, requirement will be about 200 litre/year. There will be

no waste oil on account of coolant oil reject. To make-up for its consumption

(continuous application), about 50 kL/year of coolant oil is needed. To match bulk

application of coolant oil, it will be stored in 10 kL tank.

2.3.5 Electrical sub-station

Total electrical power requirement will be about 9.0 MW. The industrial unit will

setup 66 kVA main receiving station for receiving and distribution of electricity.

2.3.6 DG sets

The industry will have 2 x 2500 KVA DG sets as a back-up to state electricity supply.

The DG sets will be operated on hydrocarbon liquid fuel. The D G sets would be

housed in acoustic enclosures and would comply with the CPCB norms.

2.4 SOURCES AND NATURE OF POLLUTION

2.4.1 Water pollution

The industrial unit will use dry technology for the production of cement. Due to this,

the water consumption in the plant and mining site would be for dust suppression

only. No waste water would be generated from the water consumed for dust

suppression purposes. Total fresh water requirement for dust suppression would be a

maximum of 30 m3/day. To support drinking, cooking, sanitary, etc. requirements of

the workers, industry will need a maximum of 10 m3/day of fresh water, which will

contribute to about 9 m3/day of domestic sewage.

The average wastewater characteristics will be: BOD – 200-250 mg/l, COD – 450-

500 mg/l, TSS – 300-400 mg/l, TKN (as N) – 30-35 mg/l, and total phosphorus (as P)

– 10-12 mg/l.

The industrial unit will develop 33 % of the total land area as green area landscaped

by horticulture and plantation, regularly needing watering. The industry will use the

treated domestic effluent on land for irrigation purposes within its industrial premises.

2.4.2 Air pollution

The potential air pollution sources in the cement manufacturing process are;

a) Crusher section

b) Raw mill section

c) Kiln section

d) Cement mill section

e) Emissions from roads

2.4.2.1 Crusher Section

The mined limestone contains substantial quantity of fines. Beyond that, additional

fine matter gets generated due to the breaking of stones during transportation and by

impact during free fall of lime stones. Due to this, during unloading operations

significant quantity of fugitive emissions gets generated. The dust gets airborne and

spreads in the vicinity in the form of a cloud. These emissions are intermittent and

continue for a short duration of about a minute for each unloading operation. This dust

if not effectively controlled (suppressed or extracted), the cumulative effect of dust

emission may lead to substantial fugitive emissions. The dust emissions are substantial

when the limestone is dry, whereas the emissions are lesser with wet stones.

Fugitive dust emissions in the crushing section would occur at 3 stages - firstly during

feeding, secondly during crushing and thirdly during free fall on belt conveyor. The

magnitude of dust generation would depend on the hardness, moisture content and

feed size of limestone. During feeding, the dust would be emitted due to movement of

material and friction of the material resulting in breaking or loosening of particles,

thereby the fines getting air borne. During crushing, breaking of lumps would result in

generation of newer fines. During discharge of the material over belt conveyor, dust

would get air borne due to free fall of material through a height. During transfer

operation involving free fall of material from a higher to a lower level, emissions

would be generated. In addition, some fresh fine dust would also be generated as a

result of breaking of lumps due to impact during the free fall and by breaking due to

movement/conveying of material.

2.4.2.2 Raw mill section

In the raw mill section, the emissions generate from handling and crushing of coal and

handling of other raw materials.

The coal unloading operation would be intermittent and would generate substantial

quantity of fugitive emissions. The emissions would last for a short duration of a

minute or two during each unloading, but in terms of quantity of the emissions, it

would be substantial. Similarly, substantial fugitive emissions would be generated

during the coal crushing operation. The degrees of emissions would depend on

hardness, moisture content and size of feed. The shape and arrangement of breaker

plates & the circumferential velocity of rotor would also play a major role. Low

velocity would result in coarse product. With higher velocity, the size reduction

energy would be greater and the material would be broken into correspondingly

smaller fragments resulting in substantial fugitive emissions. The emissions would

also occur during feeding of coal into crusher and at the crusher discharge location.

Besides that, substantial fugitive emissions would be generated from the coal stockpile

during wind currents. The degrees of emissions would depend upon moisture content,

fines present in the coal.

In case of gypsum, due to high percentage of fines, substantial fugitive dust emission

would occur, especially during loading and unloading operation. The movement of the

pay loader and truck over the gypsum floor would lead to fugitive emissions. Fines

would also get air borne due to wind. During summer season, the wind carryover from

open stockpiles would lead to substantial fugitive emissions.

Handling and storage of additives would give rise to substantial fugitive emissions if

the material is dry. The emission would occur primarily due to operations like loading

and unloading, movement of pay loaders and due to wind currents, carrying away

fines from the stockpiles.

2.4.2.3 Kiln Section

The following descriptions of emissions refer to modern kiln plants based on dry

process technology.

Carbon dioxide - During the clinker burning process CO2 would be emitted. CO2

would account for the main share of these gases. CO2 emissions would be both raw

materials related and energy related. Raw material related emissions would be

produced during limestone de-carbonation (CaCO3) and would account for about

60 % of total CO2 emissions.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) - The clinker burning process would be a high-temperature

process resulting in the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The amount formed

would directly relate to the main flame temperature (typically 1850 - 2000 °C).

Nitrogen monoxide (NO) would account for about 95 % and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

for about 5 % in the exhaust gas of rotary kiln. Most of the NO would be converted to

NO2 in the atmosphere.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) - Sulfur would be an input into the clinker burning process via

raw materials and fuels. Depending on their origin, the raw materials may contain

sulfur bound as sulfide or sulfate. Higher SO2 emissions by rotary kiln systems in the

cement industry are often attributable to the sulfides contained in the raw material,

which become oxidized to form SO2 at the temperatures between 370 °C and 420 °C

prevailing in the kiln pre-heater. The sulfur input with the fuels would be completely

converted to SO2 during combustion in the rotary kiln. In the pre-heater and the kiln,

this SO2 would react to form alkali sulfates, which are bound in the clinker.

2.4.2.4 Cement mill section

Clinker Transfer Point - The fine dust associated/adhered with clinker gets loose and

would get air borne due to free fall from certain height during transfer operation. As

the clinker is dry in nature and the quantity of fines is substantial so significant

fugitive emissions would occur at transfer points.

Silo Vents - As only dry and finely ground material would be stored in silos it has the

great potential to generate fugitive emissions. The emission would escape through silo

vents or any other leakages. At times if some of the filter bags are torn, substantial

emission occurs from the bag house chimney also. Emission also occurs from the

bottom end of the silo during retrieval operation, through leakages if any.

2.4.2.5 Packing Section As cement contains substantial quantity of fines below 10 micron and it is in dry

condition, any leakage or spillage leads to fugitive emission. During conveying of the

cement bags emissions would be generated. As the cement bags are manually loaded

in trucks during which bags are dropped from a height, the activity causes emissions.

2.4.2.6 Emissions from Road

During movement of loaded vehicles on the roads, fine dust settled on the roads get

airborne and remains suspended for a long time. Repetitive movement of vehicles

throughout the day leads to substantial fugitive emissions.

2.4.3 Solid waste

The industry would not generate any solid wastes as whole of the process rejects

(solid wastes) would be reused for the production of cement.

2.4.4 Hazardous waste

Hazardous waste will include used/spent oils and lubricants [classifiable under

Category 5.1 of Schedule – I of Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and

Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008] – ~1000 litre/year.

The used oils will be in metallic drums inside a lined and covered room and will be,

ultimately, sold to the authorized recyclers.

Appropriate record of the hazardous waste shall be maintained as per Form 3

specified in of Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary

Movement) Rules, 2016. The industry shall submit annual return of the hazardous

waste, before June 30 of every year, in Form 4 specified in of Hazardous Wastes

(Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.

Chapter – 3

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

As a precursor for the prediction of various types of environmental impacts likely

to arise due to implementation of the project, it is essential to establish the baseline

environmental setting of the physical, natural and socio-cultural environmental

parameters along the project and within the project influence area. Details of the

baseline environmental parameters are required for decision making for the project

design, implementation and operation from the environmental point of views. The

data is to be generated through primary data collection (direct monitoring) and

secondary sources (published data). This chapter incorporates the description of

existing environmental status in an area encompassed within 10 km radius around

the proposed cement plant, to be located at village Bhatyan Khrew, Tehsil

Pampore, District - Pulwama (J & K) and the limestone mining site to be located at

village Zantrag, Khrew, Tehsil Pampore, District - Pulwama (J & K). The maps of

the study area (1:15000 scale and 1:50000 scale) are shown in figure 3.1and 3.2.

Satellite imagery of the site is shown as figure 3.3.

The environmental monitoring for the EIA Study, for the proposed cement plant

including mining area, has been conducted for the post monsoon season. Initially, a

reconnaissance survey of the study area was carried out and then field monitoring

for measuring meteorological parameters, ambient air quality, water quality, soil

quality and noise levels was carried out from 1st October, 2018. In addition, certain

aspects like land area, socio-economic status, past meteorological conditions, etc.,

have been analyzed based on secondary information available from sources like

district census reports, district gazetteers, Indian meteorological department, etc.

The baseline status of various environmental components is described in the

succeeding sections.

Map of the Study Area (1:15000 scale) Figure – 3.1

Cement Plant

Mine

Map of the Study Area (1:50000 scale) Figure – 3.2

Cement Plant

Mine

Satellite Imagery of the Site Figure – 3.3

Kashmir Cements

3.1 METEOROLOGY 3.1.1 Climatic conditions

The study of micrometeorological conditions of the region is an essential

requirement for the proper interpretation of the existing air quality status and for

the prediction of impacts on air environment through mathematical models.

Pollutants emitted into the atmosphere undergo transportation, dispersion,

transformation and finally removal from the atmosphere. Pollutants are transported

through the action of mean wind velocity whereas dispersion results from the

turbulent characteristics of the atmosphere and helps in diffusing the pollutants in

all directions. Since most of the pollutants are injected into the atmosphere near the

surface of the earth, the physics of the atmospheric boundary layer controls the

transport and dispersion of pollutants.

The data is used for measuring the capacity for dispersion and diffusion of

pollutants during the construction and operation stages of the project. This data

also plays a vital role in locating the construction plans to avoid or reduce the

pollution concentrations on the settlements during the construction stage of the

project. The meteorological data is also useful for the modeling of the air pollutant

levels during the operation of the project. Since the meteorological data show wide

variations with time, meaningful interpretation can only be drawn from the long

term and reliable data.

In the present study, the project is situated in the state of Jammu and Kashmir,

located in the far north of the Indian Republic. It is a mountainous area in the north

– west Himalayas, that shares international boundaries with Pakistan in the West,

China in the North and Tibet in the North-East. Punjab and Himachal Pradesh are

its neighboring states within the country. The state has three major territories, i.e.

Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh and all the three territories differ in terms of climate.

Cold desert like situation prevails in Ladakh and alpine, temperate and subtropical

type in the rest of the state.

The study zone lies in the alpine, temperate and subtropical type region with four

distinct seasons;

Spring – March to May

Summer – June to August

Autumn – September to November

Winter – December to February

In order to study the meteorology of the project area, site specific post monsoon

season meteorological data was collected from IMD station, Srinagar, located

around 20 kms. from the site.

3.1.2 Temperature

The site exists adjoining to the alpine and temperate region of the Jammu and

Kashmir state. Temperature varies considerably from month to month. The

minimum air temperature drops below 0ºC, at times, it can go down to -5 to -7ºC.

Ground frost is a common phenomenon during mid winter. The rise in temperature

is gradual when the air has high moisture content with the sky remaining overcast;

the rise is however steep when the sky is clear and there is less moisture content in

the air. The maximum air temperature goes up to 32ºC. In the study area, annual

minimum and maximum temperature range (of extreme variation) is -5 to 32ºC.

The monthly temperature (minimum and maximum) at site, during study period,

has been tabulated below (Table 3.1). It can be observed from the table that the

range of temperature variation was from 0.5-28.6ºC.

Table 3.1: Monthly average range in dry bulb temperatures (ºC)

Month Minimum Maximum

October 5.1 21.8

November 0.8 13.7

December -1.6 8.8

3.1.3 Rainfall

On annual basis, the maximum rainfall occurs in the months of July and August,

however the rainfall extends from June to September. The minimum rainfall occurs

in the post monsoon season (November and December). The average annual

rainfall in study area is about 700 mm.

The details of monthly total rainfall occurred, during study period, in the study area

is presented in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2: Total monthly rainfall

Month Rainfall (mm)

October 31.2

November 28.3

December 47.8

3.1.4 Humidity

The nature and characteristics of the pollutants will vary with change of the

humidity in the atmosphere. Fog provides possibility for suspended particles to

coalesce and also enhances chemical reaction of the gaseous pollutants.

On annual basis, it can be noted that high humidity occurs in the month of

December, January, July, August and September and low humidity occurs in the

month of May and June.

The details of the average monthly relative humidity (RH) recorded during study

period, is presented in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3: Monthly average range of relative humidity

Month Minimum Maximum

October 48.5 75.4

November 54.1 83.0

December 59.6 82.5

3.1.5 Wind speed and direction

Wind speed and wind directions have a significant role in the dispersion of

atmospheric pollutants and therefore, in the air quality of the area. Ground level

concentrations for the pollutants are inversely proportional to the wind speed in the

down wind direction, while in the upwind direction no effect will be observed and

in cross wind directions partial effect due to the emission sources is observed.

Annual trend indicates mean wind speeds to be highest in the months of March,

April, May, June and July (7.8-9.5 km/hour) and lowest in the month of October,

November and December (2.5-3.5 km/hour). Monthly mean wind speeds at site for

the post monsoon season are presented in Table 3.4.

Table 3.4: Monthly Average Wind Speed

Month 5.30 A.M.

8.30 A.M.

11:30 A.M.

14:30 P.M.

17:30 P.M.

20:30 P.M.

23:30 P.M.

2:30 A.M.

October 1.1 1.6 2.3 2.5 1.3 2.2 2.2 2.1

November 1.7 1.0 1.6 2.2 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.4

December 0.9 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.1 0.8 0.7

* All values of wind speed are in km/hour

The most predominant wind direction during the study period is from South-East.

3.2 AIR ENVIROMENT

The knowledge of ambient air quality plays an important role in assessing the

environmental scenario of the study area. The baseline studies on air environment

includes identification of specific air pollutants expected to have significant impact

and assessing their existing levels in ambient air within the study area. The

baseline status of air environment can be assessed through air quality surveillance

program with scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network.

Micrometeorological data collection is an indispensable part of any air quality

monitoring. The meteorological data collected during air quality surveys, is used

for prediction of impacts.

3.2.1 Ambient air quality monitoring stations

The following criteria were taken into account in the design of ambient air quality

monitoring network and fixing of monitoring stations;

Meteorology of the study area

Topography/terrain of the study area

Population density distribution within the region

Residential and sensitive areas

Proximity of industries

Representation of regional background

3.2.2 Ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM)

To establish the existing baseline status of ambient air quality, 8 AAQM stations

were selected based on the guidelines of network sitting criteria. The locations of

AAQM stations are presented in figure 3.4. Distances and directions of these

stations with respect to site are given in table 3.5.

Table 3.5: Distance and directions of ambient air quality monitoring stations

w.r.t. the site

S. No.

Location of AAQM station

Distance of AAQM station from site (km)

Direction of AAQM station w.r.t. site

1. At Site - -

2. Village Khrew 3.8 SW

3. Village Khunamoh 6.5 W

4. Village Zantrag 2.6 NE

5. Village Khanagund 5.8 SE

6. Village Wuyan 5.6 SW

7. Village Gundarbal 7.1 SSW

8. Village Mashawan 4.6 SSE

Various pollutants monitored were Particulate Matter (PM10 and 2.5), Sulphur

Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). The ambient air quality monitoring

for PM10 and 2.5, SO2 and NOx were carried out for 24 hours on continuous basis per

station, twice a week for the post monsoon Season. The ambient air quality

monitoring data of the entire study period is given in table 3.6.

3.2.3 Baseline status

During the study period, PM10 concentrations have ranged from 32 to 71 µg/m3.

Minimum PM10 concentration has been observed at village Mashawan and highest

PM10 concentration has been observed at village Khunamoh. The higher values of

PM10 at site is due to the presence of cement industries in that area

PM2.5 concentrations have ranged from 18 to 39 µg/m3. The highest value of PM2.5

has been observed at village Zatrang and the minimum values for PM2.5 has been

found in Khanagund.

SO2 concentrations at various ambient air quality monitoring stations have ranged

from 5.4 to 10.2 µg/m3.

NOx levels in the ambient air at different ambient air quality monitoring locations

ranged from 9.8 to 23.4 µg/m3.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations AA1 – At Site AA 2 – Village Khrew AA 3 – Village Khunamoh AA 4 – Village Zantrag AA5 – Village Khanagund AA6 – Village Wuyan AA7 – Village Gundarbal AA8 – Village Mashawan

Figure – 3.4

AA1

AA2

AA3

AA4

AA5AA6

AA7

AA8

Table-3.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data

Location – Cement Project Site Location - Village Khrew

Parameters Parameters

Date PM2.5 (µg/m3)

PM10

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NOX

(µg/m3) PM2.5

(µg/m3) PM10

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NOX

(µg/m3)

03-10-2018 35 61 5.9 18.2 32 57 7.2 16.9

06-10-2018 32 67 6.4 18.0 35 56 7.6 18.2

09-10-2018 34 60 7.9 17.7 31 58 7.5 18.3

12-10-2018 28 70 6.8 17.6 36 60 7.3 18.9

16-10-2018 31 65 8.2 18.1 32 61 7.4 18.6

20-10-2018 28 56 6.9 17.4 30 62 7.8 18.1

24-10-2018 31 58 8.8 17.7 32 58 6.9 17.3

30-10-2018 30 65 7.9 17.4 34 54 7.1 17.8

01-11-2018 25 69 8.4 17.2 37 56 7.4 18.2

04-11-2018 26 66 9.5 17.4 33 56 7.3 17.6

11-11-2018 28 63 6.4 17.5 30 58 7.6 18.2

13-11-2018 27 62 5.4 17.9 32 55 7.1 17.8

17-11-2018 26 66 6.6 17.2 35 58 7.2 18.2

21-11-2018 28 70 6.1 17.4 37 61 7.6 17.6

25-11-2018 30 68 7.4 17.2 35 64 7.8 18.1

28-11-2018 32 71 6.8 17.9 36 65 7.3 18.5

02-12-2018 31 67 8.4 18.1 34 62 7.4 18.2

06-12-2018 35 65 7.8 17.9 33 68 8.4 20.1

10-12-2018 36 64 6.8 18.0 32 65 7.6 17.4

13-12-2018 33 69 6.4 17.2 37 64 7.7 19.0

17-12-2018 31 65 8.2 17.0 34 63 7.3 17.9

21-12-2018 33 66 6.6 17.4 32 66 7.6 18.5

27-12-2018 30 64 6.1 17.5 35 60 7.4 18.6

31-12-2018 31 62 7.6 17.2 33 63 7.5 18.4

Maximum 36 71 9.5 18.2 37 68 8.4 20.1

Minimum 25 56 5.4 17 30 54 6.9 16.9

Average 30.4 64.9 7.2 17.6 33.6 60.4 7.4 18.1

Table-3.6 Contd……. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data

Location - Village Khunamoh Location - Village Zantrag


Date PM2.5 (µg/m3)

PM10

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NOX

(µg/m3) PM2.5

(µg/m3) PM10

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NOX

(µg/m3)

03-10-2018 24 44 6.1 13.2 24 55 9.5 23.4

06-10-2018 22 45 5.5 13.4 25 57 8.6 18.7

09-10-2018 21 50 5.9 12.9 24 57 7.9 18.0

12-10-2018 25 48 5.9 13.3 26 51 8.7 20.2

16-10-2018 20 40 7.8 15.4 20 53 7.9 17.7

20-10-2018 18 47 5.7 12.5 28 59 7.5 17.5

24-10-2018 20 46 6.7 16.9 27 60 7.6 17.8

30-10-2018 21 50 5.8 12.5 22 51 8.4 21.2

01-11-2018 25 50 5.5 11.7 26 54 8.9 22.1

04-11-2018 22 49 6.2 12.3 24 51 7.7 18.5

11-11-2018 23 44 7.5 13.9 22 57 7.5 18.3

13-11-2018 25 40 6.2 12.9 20 55 7.6 18.7

17-11-2018 21 40 6.4 13.3 24 58 8.8 20.8

21-11-2018 20 42 5.5 11.8 19 54 9.6 23.1

25-11-2018 19 41 7.6 14.5 21 59 7.9 18.8

28-11-2018 25 40 6.7 16.9 24 54 8.2 21.2

02-12-2018 22 42 6.1 12.5 29 60 7.8 19.5

06-12-2018 25 47 7.5 14.3 26 57 7.6 19.0

10-12-2018 23 49 8.5 16.5 27 55 7.9 18.6

13-12-2018 24 42 5.8 11.7 22 53 8.4 19.2

17-12-2018 20 50 5.5 12.9 22 57 7.8 18.3

21-12-2018 19 44 5.8 13.5 23 56 8.1 20.3

27-12-2018 18 48 6.8 13.2 24 58 7.8 17.2

31-12-2018 21 44 7.2 15.0 27 53 7.7 17.8

Maximum 25 50 8.5 16.9 29 60 9.6 23.4

Minimum 18 40 5.5 11.7 19 51 7.5 17.2

Average 21.8 45 6.4 13.6 24 55.6 8.1 19.4

Table-3.6 Contd…….

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data

Location – Village Khanagund Location - Village Wuyan


Date PM2.5 (µg/m3)

PM10

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NOX

(µg/m3) PM2.5

(µg/m3) PM10

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NOX

(µg/m3)

03-10-2018 25 50 6.4 13.9 27 58 7.1 18.2

06-10-2018 27 55 8.4 17.9 26 51 7.0 18.4

09-10-2018 22 51 9.5 16.8 24 53 7.4 18.6

12-10-2018 25 52 6.9 14.3 23 52 7.3 18.1

16-10-2018 24 57 7.9 15.7 25 59 7.2 18.5

20-10-2018 27 53 8.9 17.9 22 51 7.0 18.0

24-10-2018 25 51 7.5 16.6 23 55 7.1 18.1

30-10-2018 20 50 7.7 15.8 27 57 7.3 18.3

01-11-2018 22 51 7.8 14.6 26 53 7.4 18.8

04-11-2018 24 50 8.9 15.7 21 55 7.3 19.2

11-11-2018 21 50 7.6 15.9 22 60 7.5 18.9

13-11-2018 25 53 6.4 14.8 21 57 7.7 18.7

17-11-2018 23 50 8.4 17.2 28 55 7.8 18.6

21-11-2018 24 55 9.5 18.6 22 58 7.8 18.8

25-11-2018 22 50 6.9 14.5 23 53 7.5 19.1

28-11-2018 24 52 7.9 15.2 25 50 7.7 18.9

02-12-2018 27 57 8.9 16.9 21 53 7.9 18.7

06-12-2018 27 50 7.5 15.6 23 55 7.6 18.5

10-12-2018 26 54 7.7 14.9 31 57 7.4 18.3

13-12-2018 25 58 9.8 17.9 28 55 7.3 18.0

17-12-2018 23 50 8.8 16.7 22 56 7.1 18.6

21-12-2018 30 55 10.2 19.7 27 54 7.6 18.8

27-12-2018 25 50 7.8 13.9 26 53 7.7 18.3

31-12-2018 25 59 9.9 17.7 24 51 7.8 18.4

Maximum 30 59 10.2 19.7 31 60 7.9 19.2

Minimum 20 50 6.4 13.9 21 50 7 18

Average 24.5 52.6 8.2 16.2 24.4 54.6 7.4 18.5

Table-3.6 Contd……. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data

Location - Village Gundarbal Location - Village Mashawan


Date PM2.5 (µg/m3)

PM10

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NOX

(µg/m3) PM2.5

(µg/m3) PM10

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) NOX

(µg/m3)

03-10-2018 24 44 5.8 9.8 29 37 5.7 11.3

06-10-2018 22 45 8.8 15.6 25 38 6.6 12.9

09-10-2018 21 50 6.4 12.7 24 40 6.4 13.3

12-10-2018 25 48 5.5 12.3 25 41 5.5 11.8

16-10-2018 20 40 5.4 12.5 27 40 7.2 14.5

20-10-2018 18 47 6.7 13.2 22 39 8.1 16.9

24-10-2018 20 46 7.8 15.6 30 38 6.4 12.5

30-10-2018 21 50 6.6 14.9 27 33 7.5 14.3

01-11-2018 25 50 7.5 16.7 23 32 6.9 13.2

04-11-2018 22 49 8.2 17.9 28 38 5.8 12.2

11-11-2018 23 44 8.8 18.6 25 40 6.4 12.9

13-11-2018 25 40 6.4 13.5 30 41 5.8 11.3

17-11-2018 21 40 6.6 13.5 25 40 6.8 13.2

21-11-2018 20 42 5.9 10.7 24 39 7.2 15

25-11-2018 19 41 5.7 11.3 28 35 8.2 16.7

28-11-2018 25 40 6.8 13.2 30 39 5.9 11.3

02-12-2018 22 42 6.4 12.8 26 40 6.9 12.9

06-12-2018 25 47 6.6 11.9 24 37 7.3 14.6

10-12-2018 23 49 6.9 12.7 28 36 8.2 17.2

13-12-2018 24 42 7.2 13.4 25 35 7.4 15.6

17-12-2018 20 50 6.8 13.2 29 40 6.8 12.8

21-12-2018 19 44 7.7 14.7 24 39 5.5 11.3

27-12-2018 18 48 8.4 16.5 22 40 6.4 13.3

31-12-2018 21 44 7.9 14.8 26 38 5.9 10.7

Maximum 25 50 8.9 18.6 30 41 8.2 17.2

Minimum 18 40 5.4 9.8 21 32 5.5 10.7

Average 22 45.3 7.0 13.9 26 38 6.6 13.3

3.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency.

Noise, in general, is sound that is composed of many frequency components of

various levels of loudness, distributed over the audible frequency range. Various

noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of

an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different

loudness levels. The most common and universally accepted scale is the ‘A’

weighted scale which is measured as dB(A). This is more suitable in the audible

range of 20 to 20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to weigh various

components of noise according to the response of the human ear. The impact of

noise sources in surrounding community depends upon;

Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in

nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is

continuously varying in loudness.

The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in

residential area are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance.

The location of the noise source w.r.t. noise sensitive area, which determines

the loudness and period of exposure.

The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from noise

induced hearing loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise levels.

The environmental impact assessment of noise from the activity and vehicular

traffic can be undertaken taking into consideration various factors like potential

damage to hearing, physiological responses, annoyance and general community

responses.

The study area of 10 km radius with reference to the proposed cement plant to be

developed by M/s Kashmir Cements has been covered for noise environment. The

three zones, viz., residential, highways and silent zones have been considered for

noise monitoring. Main highway leading to site has been covered to assess the

noise due to traffic. Noise monitoring has been undertaken for 24 hours at each

location.

The main objective of noise pollution impact assessment in the study area is to

assess the impact of total noise generated by the existing domestic activities and

vehicular traffic in the human settlements within 10 km radius. The main objective

of the study is;

Assessment of background noise levels.

Identification and monitoring the major noise sources of the existing activity.

To assess the impact of noise on the workers as well as on the general

population.

3.3.1 Ambient noise monitoring locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise

generating sources in the area. Noise generating sources were identified with

respect to the activities, viz., traffic noise, ambient noise due to residential

population. The study area is not having any industrial or commercial activity

which may affect the existing ambient noise quality. The noise survey involved the

determination of noise levels in decibels at 8 locations.

3.3.2 Methodology of data generation

Types of sound fields

Free field : Free progressive sound waves have been described as sound waves

that propagate without deduction from source to the receiver. In the case of

spherical waves, the inverse square law holds good so that the sound pressure

level decreases by 6 dB as the distance is doubled. Such a field is known as

free field.

Near field : The near field in defined as that region close to the source where

the inverse square law do not apply. Usually this region is located within a few

wavelengths of the source and is also controlled by the dimensions of the

source.

Far field : This field consists of two parts, the free part and reverberation part.

In the free part of the far field, the sound pressure level obeys the inverse

square law. The reverberant part of the field exists for enclosed situation where

the reflected sound waves are superimposed on the incident sound waves. If

there are many reflected waves from all possible directions, a diffuse sound

field exists.

Method of Monitoring

A detailed noise survey was undertaken to study the levels of noise as the high

noise may cause adverse effect on human beings and the associated environment.

Noise level was recorded at every hour for 10 minutes continuously for 24 hours at

‘A’ response. Then the data was tabulated to get frequency table with different

intervals. The ambient noise levels measures for the study are given in table 3.7.

Table 3.7: Noise monitoring data

S. No.

Noise monitoring point Noise level dB(A) Leq (Day)

Noise level dB(A) Leq (Night)

1. At Site 45.2 40.2

2. Village Zantrag 63.9 47.8

3. Village Khrew 52.6 42.1

4. Highway near village Shar 58.4 43.4

5. Village Khanagund 46.3 38.2

6. Khrew Forest Area 42.2 37.3

7. Daichigam National Park 46.7 38.4

8. Village Khunamun 44.3 40.3

3.4 WATER QUALITY

Understanding the water quality is important in the preparation of environmental

impact assessment (EIA) to identify critical issues with a view to identify

appropriate mitigation measures for implementation. The purpose of this study is

to;

Understand the baseline characteristics

Identify critical parameters of water characteristics and their origin

Evaluate the extent of leaching to ground water

Identify water polluting sources

Predicting impact on water quality

3.4.1 Methodology

Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized

based on;

Topographical maps to identify water bodies

Likely areas which can represent baseline conditions

Flow direction of surface and ground water bodies

Location of industries/residential areas, their water intake and effluent disposal

locations

Surface water : River Jhelum flows more than 11 km away from the site. Other

than this, there is no other natural surface water body flowing within the study

area. Within the study area, there are certain natural khads for the flow of rain

water from the surrounding terrain. Rain water flows into the khads only during the

rainy season. The project authorities would neither be discharging nor withdrawing

water into/from the khads, so there would not be any impact of the project on it.

Ground water: The occurrence of ground water in the state is primarily confined to

five alluvial regions namely (i) Piedmont deposits of outer plain of Jammu, (ii)

Dune belt in the outer Himalayas, (iii) Isolated valley fill deposits in lesser

Himalayas, (iv) Fluvio-lacustrine deposits in Kashmir valley and Moraines and

Fluvio-glacial deposits of Ladakh. The piedmonts can be further divided into

Kandi and Sirowal belts. Ground water, except Kandi area where deep water table

conditions occur, is both under phreatic and confined conditions. Ground water

potential in the Dune belt is limited and yield of wells, 80 to 130 m deep is 3-6

m3/hr. In isolated valley fills, the yield from confined aquifer is about 3 m3/hr.

from well of 65 m depth. Dug wells in Kashmir valley have limited yield whereas

deep tubewells yield between 17-216 m3/hr. Ground water occur as perched water

table and gives rise to spring or unconfined conditions in Moraines and fluvio-

glacial deposits. In these areas, yield of tubewell varies from 36-54 m3/hr. The

ground water in hard rock of Jammu region is confined to weathered residium,

where the tubewells go dry during summer seasons. The quality of ground water is

generally potable.

The dependence on ground water is quiet considerable in the study area. Most of the

irrigation is done through pumping of ground water. The rest of the irrigation is done

by canal system. As per the Central Ground Water Board, whole of the state has got

total replenishable ground water resource of 2.70 BCM. Out of this, utilizable ground

water resources for irrigation purposes are 2.43 BCM. Existing ground water draft for

domestic, industrial and other uses are 0.33 BCM.

The stage of ground water development is 14 % and the site is located in the safe zone.

To assess the ground water quality of the study area, eight no. of ground water

samples were collected. The locations of ground water monitoring stations are

shown in figure 3.5.

Ground water samples were collected for the post monsoon season. Analysis of

water samples for physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters were carried

out. The samples were collected and analysed as per the procedures specified in

Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater published by

American Public Health Association (APHA), 20th edition.

Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples for

bacteriological analysis were collected in sterlised glass bottles. Parameters

analysed at site were pH, temperature, turbidity and dissolved oxygen using

potable water analysis kit. The analysis results of the ground water quality are

shown in table 3.8.

Ground Water Quality Monitoring Locations GW1 – At Site GW 2 – Village Khrew GW 3 – Village Khunamoh GW 4 – Village Zantrag GW 5 – Village Khanagund GW 6 – Village Wuyan GW 7 – Village Gundarbal GW 8 – Village Mashawan Figure – 3.5

GW1

GW2

GW3GW4

GW5GW6

GW7 GW 1

GW8

Table 3.8 : Ground water characteristics

Parameters Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 Limits

IS:10500

pH - 7.35 7.46 7.26 7.32 7.36 7.40 7.35 7.42 6.5-8.5

Colour Hazen <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 5.0

Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1.0

Total Dissolved Solids

mg/l 312 309 354 326 349 313 325 318 500

Total Hardness mg/l 118 123 139 141 145 124 137 119

Calcium as Ca mg/l 34.8 37.3 43.5 36.9 28.4 42.1 37.9 39.4 75

Magnesium as Mg

mg/l 26.3 23.4 30.2 28.2 26.6 29.7 28.4 29.6 30

Total alkalinity

mg/l 121.2 135.4 143.6 154.4 123.5 117.9 129.6 143.5 200

Chlorides as Cl-

mg/l 45.2 52.3 49.7 53.3 44.6 57.2 48.7 46.6 250

Sulphates as SO4

mg/l 31.6 28.7 33.5 32.6 29.9 32.9 28.5 31.3 200

Nitrate as NO3 mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 45

Sodium as Na mg/l 32.6 29.7 31.4 27.9 28.5 31.2 29.5 32.1

Potassium as K

mg/l 1.54 1.79 1.81 1.86 1.69 1.79 1.58 1.63

Total residual chlorine as Cl2

mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2

Phenolic compounds as C6H5OH


Iron mg/l 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.17 0.3

Fluoride mg/l 0.26 0.28 0.21 0.24 0.26 0.29 0.22 0.27 1.5

Zinc mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 5.0

Manganese mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.1

Cadmium mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.003

Total Chromium


Mercury mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.001

Selenium as Se mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01

Total Coliforms

per 100 ml

<2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2

E – Coli per 100 ml

Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

Note : N.T. – Not Traceable

GW1 – At Site GW 2 – Village Khrew GW 3 – Village Khunamoh GW 4 – Village Zantrag GW 5 – Village Khanagund GW 6 – Village Wuyan GW 7 – Village Gundarbal GW 8 – Village Mashawan

3.5 LAND ENVIROMENT

Land environment requires data regarding topography, zoning settlement, industry,

forests, roads and traffic, etc. The collection of data was done from various

secondary sources like district census handbook, revenue records, State and

Central Government offices, and Survey of India topographical sheets. The

purpose of land use studies is;

to determine the present land use pattern

to determine the temporal changes in land use pattern over a period of ten years

or so

to analyse the impact of change in land use due to the commercial complex on

the study area

to give recommendations for optimising land use pattern vis-a-vis growth in the

study area and its associated impacts.

3.5.1 Land use pattern

Pulwama district lies in the Himalyan Zone and its topography is well defined by a

series of hill ranges which rises in height towards north-east. The altitude varies

from 1500 meters to 3000 meters and high riches of the district are snow covered

throughout the year. The valley area of the district is extensively cultivated.

Pulwama District has a great variation in forests vegetation due to the variations in

the altitude, geological formations and climatic factors. The vegetation varies from

dry scrub forests at lower altitudes to Alpine pasture at higher altitude. In between

two extremities occur distinctive vegetation zones of Chil, Pine and mixed

coniferous forests.

To assess the land use pattern of the study area, land utilization within the study

area was identified. There are around 20 villages within the 10 km radius study

area. The geographical area of all the 20 villages covered under 10 km radius circle

is taken into consideration though a couple of villages are covered partially in the

study area.

According to 2011 census, the agriculture land is classified into three types, viz., -

area under cultivation, culturable waste, and the area not available for cultivation.

The land under irrigation is further divided into two types irrigated and un-

irrigated.

The land under cultivation includes all the agriculture land consisting of the wet

sown area including the current lands. Around 25 % of the study area is under

cultivation. Most of the agriculture is practiced on rain water and tube wells. There

is around 15 % hectares of land that has been kept un- irrigated within the study

area.

The cultivable waste includes land which was cultivated sometime back and was

left around 5 years back in succession. Such lands are either fallow or covered with

shrubs which are not put to any use. All grazing lands and village common lands

are also included in this category of the study area. About 5 % of total land belongs

to this category.

Land not available for cultivation is covered under the area which is not covered

under the above category of land use. More than 50 % of the land belongs to this

category.

3.5.2 Soil characteristics

The study area is predominantly an agricultural area with around 25 % of the land

use is for agricultural purposes. Besides the urban population, agriculture is the

major occupation of the people in the study area. Agriculture operations are carried

out in two spells i.e. Spring and Autumn. Hence, it is essential to assess the soil

quality of the study area. Soil in the study area is sandy loam in nature. Soil

analysis has been carried out to assess the agricultural and afforestation potential of

the soil.

Assessment of Baseline Data on Soil Quality

To assess the baseline status of the soil quality in the study area, eight soil samples

were collected from different locations. The physical and chemical properties of

the soil samples are given in table 3.9.

Baseline Status

The texture of the soil in the study area is sandy loam. Bulk density of soil samples

varies between 1.34 to 1.45 gm/cm3. The soils of all the sites are moderately

porous (porosities ranging between 55.7 to 59.2%).

pH of soil samples ranged between 7.48 to 8.19. The availability of nitrogen is of

prime importance to grow plants since they are dependent on adequate supply of

nitrates and ammonia. Total kjeldahl nitrogen available for different soil sample

ranged between 0.02 to 0.05%.

The potassium content in soil originates from the disintegration and decomposition

of rocks containing potassium bearing minerals. Available potassium concentration

ranged between 3.9 to 5.2 mg/kg.

Phosphorus has several essential functions in plant growth. The available

phosphorus concentration in the study area has varied from 2.3 to 3.5 mg/kg.

Soil Quality Monitoring Locations SQ1 – At Site SQ 2 – Village Khrew SQ 3 – Village Khunamoh SQ4 – Village Zantrag SQ 5 – Village Khanagund SQ 6 – Village Wuyan SQ7 – Village Gundarbal SQ8 – Village Mashawan

Figure – 3.6

SQ1

SQ2

SQ3

SQ4

SQ5

SQ7

SQ6

SQ8

Table 3.9 : Soil characteristics

SQ1 – At Site SQ 2 – Village Khrew SQ 3 – Village Khunamoh SQ4 – Village Zantrag SQ 5 – Village Khanagund SQ 6 – Village Wuyan SQ7 – Village Gundarbal SQ8 – Village Mashawan

Parameter Unit SQ1 SQ2 SQ3 SQ4 SQ5 SQ6 SQ7 SQ8

pH (1:2.5) -- 7.48 7.81 7.96 8.19 8.04 7.65 8.18 8.12

Water Holding Capacity

(%) 41.8 41.2 42.1 40.8 42.6 43.3 44.3 41.3

Bulk Density (gm/cm3) 1.35 1.40 1.38 1.34 1.42 1.44 1.39 1.45

Cation Exchange Capacity

(meq/100gm) 24.5 25.3 23.9 21.8 24.3 22.2 24.1 23.7

Phosphorus Kg/ha 2.3 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.5

Potassium (mg/kg) 4.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.2 4.7 4.4 4.7

Calcium (meq/100gm) 47.5 51.4 48.2 53.7 47.9 52.5 48.5 54.5

Magnesium (meq/100gm) 17.5 18.2 16.3 17.5 18.0 18.5 17.8 16.5

Iron (%) 2.9 2.1 2.7 3.3 2.9 3.4 3.2 3.5

Lead (mg/kg) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Cadmium (mg/kg) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Chromium (mg/kg) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Zinc (mg/kg) 1.3 1.0 0.94 0.78 1.12 0.98 0.86 1.08

3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The environment at any particular geographical location is the sum total of

physical (air, water, soil etc.) and biological conditions in the context of given

meteorological influences so exerted from within and outside the ecosystem. While

the habitat is the natural abode of plants and animals (including human being), the

ecosystem includes all the biotic communities with continuous interaction among

themselves. Fundamentally, there are two types of ecosystem, viz. the aquatic and

terrestrial. The ecosystem further constitutes the marine and fresh water, the two

type of subsystem; while the former is confined to oceans, estuaries, lagoons, etc.

and the latter consists of rivers, streams (biotic subsystems) and ponds, lake

reservoirs, impoundments (lentic subsystem).

The generation/regeneration and the existence of any particular type of flora and

fauna under any given environment, ecosystem or a place is long drawn process

and a complex phenomenon of a continuous interaction between meteorological

conditions and the location specific geo-topo-terrestrial/aquatic features, whereas,

the aforesaid natural interactions/processes are interwoven and interlinked directly/

indirectly with each other.

3.6.1 Fauna

The district is rich in animals and birds which includes some of the rare species.

The study area is near to the Dachigam National Park. The park covers an area of

141 sq. kms. It has varied terrain ranging from gently sloping grasslands to sharp

rocky outcrops and cliffs. Part of the park lies above the tree line and this area

displays its own kind of natural beauty with bare rock mountains and crevices. The

animals found in the area are – Hangul, Musk Deer, Leopard, Himalayan Grey

Langur, Leopard Cat, Himalayan Black Beer, Himalayan Brown Beer, Jackal, Hill

Fox, Himalayan Weasel, Yellow-throated Marten, Jungle Cat, Long-tailed

Marmot, Otter etc.

There is a variety of birds in the area like Cinnamon Sparrow, Black Bulbul,

Himalayan Monal, Golden Oriole, Minivet, Pygmy Owlet, Woodpecker, Babbler,

Redstart, Wagtail, Koklass Pheasant, Chough, Orange Bullfinch, Kashmir

Flycatcher, Tytler’s Leaf Warbler, Streaked Laughingthrush, Himalayan

Rubythroat, Wallcreaper, Black and Yellow Grosbeak, Himalayan Griffon,

Bearded Vulture, Tit etc.

3.6.2 Flora

Forests are one of the most important sources of the study area. Most of the forests

are covered under coniferous softwood (Pine) and non-coniferous soft wood. In the

coniferous category, there are Fir, Kail, Chir and Deodar. Besides this, a list of

plant species growing in the area are – Chinar, Poplar, Partal, Mulbery, Walnut and

other fruit trees. Grassy meadows in the forests provide fodder for the animals.

Medicinal herbs such as balladona, hyoseyamus, digitalis, menthol, artemisis,

polygola, podophyllum, rubus, trilliu, hops and kuth grows in this area.

3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Socio-economic status of the population is an indicator of development of the

region. Any developmental project of any magnitude will have a bearing on the

living condition and the economic bearing of the population in particular and the

region as a whole. Similarly, the proposed cement plant by M/s Kashmir Cement at

village Bhatyan, Khrew, Tehsil Pampore, Distt. Pulwama will have its share of

socio-economic influence in the study area. The section delineates the overall

appraisal of the socially relevant attributes.

The data on socio-economic aspects in the study area has been carried out through

the analysis of the secondary data available for the study area.

3.7.1 Methodology

The methodology adopted in the assessment of socio-economic condition is as

given below;

Evaluation of the parameters defining the socio-economic conditions of the

population.

Analysis of the identification of social attributes like population distribution,

sex ratio, occupational structure, available public utilities, etc., through

literatures like district census hand book.

public opinion for the future development in the study area.

Sociological aspects include human settlements, demographic and socio-economic

aspects and infrastructural facilities available in the study area. The economic

aspects include agriculture, industry and occupational structure of workers.

The socio-economic profile of the study area is given below;

Settlement pattern: The study area theoretically covers an area of 31,400

hectares with the proposed cement plant considered as the centre. This area is

covered under Pampore tehsil of Pulwama district. Altogether, there are less

than 20 villages in the study area. The Pampore tehsil is predominantly a rural

area with very low intensity of the population living in urban areas and the rest

of the population stays in villages. The area is not having any population

constituting schedule castes and schedule tribes. Agriculture is the main

occupation of the people living in the villages. The area is famous for saffron

fields, which people says produces the best saffron in the world.

Communications: Road transportation is the only source of communication in

the area. The area is having around 16 km of pucca roads.

Industry: Pulwama district is endowed with bountiful of resources of

water/hydel power, minerals, forests, cool and dust free climate. All these

factors provide favourable conditions for setting up industries in this district. In

order to boost industries in this district, the state government has provided the

infrastructure for the entrepreneurs by setting up industrial area and estates.

People in this area are involved in saffron plantation, wood carving, slate

industry, wool spinning and weaving and pottery etc.

Mineral and mining: The area is having limestone as natural minerals. Many

limestone queries exist in the area. In fact, the govt. of Jammu and Kashmir has

declared it as limestone industrial area.

Medical and public health: The area is connected with the medical and public

health facilities. In Pampore tehsil, there is 1 hospital having 25 beds capacity.

There is no scarcity of drinking water in the study area.

Education: The Pampore tehsil is having an average literacy rate of 59 percent

against the state average of 54.46 %. The male literacy rate is 69 % while that

of female is 49 %. In the study area, the villages have primary as well as high

schools for the education of children.

Demography: The male to female ratio of the population in Pampore Tehsil is

1000:942 against the state average of 1000:900.

Chapter – 4

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT

Prediction of impacts is the most important component of an EIA study. Many

scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict impacts on physico-

ecological and socio-economic environment. The prediction of impacts helps to

identify the gaps and implementation of environmental management plan during and

after the execution of the developmental activity to minimize the deterioration of

environmental quality.

The selection of the factors that require due consideration for environmental impact

assessment area;

a) The extent to which the action will cause environmental effects in excess of those

created by existing uses in the area affected by it

b) The absolute quantitative environmental effects of the action itself, including the

cumulative harm that results from its contribution to existing adverse conditions

or uses in the affected area

c) The extent to which the proposed action is consistent with local development

plans

In the present study, the most probable impacts on various components of the

surrounding environment due to the proposed development have been predicted. The

methodology involves comparison with “no action” option – not carrying out action at

all. The “no action” alternative represents an objective baseline against which all

measurements and comparisons are made.

The impacts studied have been classified as under;

a) Positive and negative impacts – an action will result in significant environmental

impacts all of which are either beneficial or adverse (undesirable).

b) Primary and secondary impacts – primary impacts cover those which are

direct fallout of the proposed project and that generally occur at the same time or

place as the action (and are generally obvious and quantifiable). Secondary

impacts are indirect or induced changes (as a result of chain of consequences) due

to the project/action. Secondary impacts span the potential effects of additional

changes that are likely to occur later in time or at a different place as a result of

implementation of a particular action. Cumulative impacts result from the

incremental impact of the proposed action on a common resource when added to

other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future action.

c) Scope of the impacts

i) Temporal – this analyse the impact on basis of its bearing on time scale

depending on persistence or duration of the impacts. The impact may be

immediate (immediate consequence of the action which may or may not

persist over time), term (takes place continuously over a period of time till

action continues), or chronic (get manifested at a later stage due to

accumulated effect over time).

ii) Spatial – the impact can affect immediate work area (within the complex of

the proposed project), in the vicinity – outside boundary, and far and wide

area around the project site.

iii) Frequency – whether the impact is continuous (always there during project

operation), sporadic (the impact is irregular due to some activity or situation

which is random or infrequent), or accidental (it may be due to some

uncontrolled happening resulting into accident).

d) Control/mitigation possibilities – these include various options for minimizing

damage to the environment, which include, avoidance (no action – mitigation by

not carrying out proposed project/action), minimization (mitigation by scaling-

down the magnitude of the project, reorienting the layout of the project, or

employing pollution prevention or cleaner production technology and procedures

that reduces factors generating the undesirable environmental impact),

restoration (mitigation by restoration of the environments affected by the action),

reduction (mitigation by taking control, prevention, or maintenance steps during

the course of the action), compensation (mitigation through the creation of

environments similar to those affected by the action).

e) Controversial status – impending public controversy (disagreement among the

public groups or concerned/affected individuals about the purpose, need, or

location of the action) or historical proneness to arouse public controversy is an

important aspect needing specific attention.

f) Sensitivity – the actions encroaching sensitive environmental resources need

specific consideration. Sensitive natural resources may be certain natural

environments (such as, major wetland complexes – inland or coastal, floodplains

of major rivers, wildlife reserves/habitats, large tracts of prime agricultural land,

or regions with extensive and important cultural, or unique resources) or

“sensitive receptors” in the affected area.

4.1 DETERMINANTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The project, during its life cycle, involves a large number of activities, the

consequences of some of which – direct or indirect – may be of significance in

underlining the potential impacts on the environment. The activities can be classified

under following significant environmental aspects;

a) Land alteration/regime modification

b) Land transformation and construction

c) Resource extraction and consumption/renewal

d) Processing/industrial activity

e) Waste treatment and emplacement

f) Demographic changes

g) Changes in transportation pattern

h) Requirement of civic amenities, public services and facilities

i) Accidents

4.1.1 Land alteration/regime modification

This covers changes in geologic profile of land as well as in existing land use.

The industrial unit has an existing land of about 38900 m2 of in village Batyan,

Khrew, Tehsil Pampore, District – Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir for the installation

of the cement plant. Besides this, the promoters of the project are having a mining

lease area of 4.15 hectares for the extraction of limestone for cement production

usage. The project developers would develop an approach road to connect the site

from the main road. The existing land has been developed from undulating terrain and

barren area (characterized by scattered wild grass and shrubs) with no activity,

agricultural or anthropogenic to land area usable for industrial purposes. The area is

characterised by typical hilly terrain and valley area. The project area falls within the

notified limestone Khrew area reserved for industrial activities only. As per present

planning, 33 % of the area (>12000 m2) will be landscaped into horticulture and

plantation belts. The storm run-off from the surrounding areas will be properly

channelised into seasonal nallah in the vicinity of the site. This will limit erosion of

the surrounding land.

Storm water management and harvesting arrangement (as discussed in § 5.3, Chapter

5) will be implemented for effective use of rain water and restrict run-off

contamination and surface erosion problem.

Practically, the land area for mining do not have any overburden which needs to be

handled during the mining of limestone. The small quantity of overburden generated

during the mining of limestone is used for the dressing of the adjoining land and

construction of approachable roads.

The significant concerns are;

a) Change in land use pattern

b) Alteration in storm water management

c) Geologic alterations in the vicinity due to secondary development triggered by the

proposed project

d) Commercials of realty and property

4.1.2 Land transformation and construction

This includes on site activities related to site development and construction, etc. The

construction activities, of significance, will include;

a) Site preparation – fencing, boundary and clearing of site

b) Excavation, backfilling and leveling

c) Sub-structural (digging, trenching, foundation work, etc.) and super structural

(mostly steel, concrete and masonry, works etc.) construction/erection operations

and their finishing

d) Construction of roads, drains, laying of utilities (water supply, wastewater, fuel

lines, compressed air lines, etc.)

e) Hauling and dumping/storage of construction materials and construction spoils

f) Clean-up operations and landscaping

The construction activities will be outsourced through specialized contractors. The

labour requirement will, preferably, be arranged from that locally available people.

Total time expected to be taken for the onsite construction work will be about 8-9

months. At any time, there will not be more than 100 labour/manpower on site. There

will be adequate provision for temporary accommodation (including their hygiene and

sanitation) of labor at the site.

The machinery and equipment required will include excavators, cranes, concrete

mixers, vibratory compactors, hoists, welding sets, etc.

Energy requirement during construction phase will be about ~25 kW and will be

satisfied through the use of state electricity supply/D.G. sets.


a) Noise during operation of construction machinery

b) Dust generation during construction operations

c) Maintenance of machinery and equipment

d) On-site vehicular movement

e) Accident and safety issues

4.1.3 Resource extraction and consumption/renewal

The resource use will take place during construction phase as well as operation phase.

The construction material requirement will include conventional building materials –

cement, sand, coarse aggregates, bricks, water and steel – which are easily available

locally. To meet water requirement, during construction (including that for domestic

consumption (for the camp office and labour camp), less than 20 m3/day of fresh

water will be needed, which will be sourced from ground water only.

The machinery and equipment, to be installed, will be of steel and alloys.

During operation phase, the planned fuel requirement will include coal/coke (@ 245

MT/day) and LDO/HSD for the operation of D.G. sets in case of electricity failure.

The coal would be transported through wagons upto the nearest possible location and

from there, it would be transported to site through trucks.

The proposed activity will involve use of limestone, gypsum, activated clay and iron

slag etc. Limestone would be made available from the indigenous mine of the

promoters adjoining to the site. Gypsum and activated clay would be made available

from the adjoining district of the state only.

The raw water requirement for industrial consumption will be 40 m3/day (or less than

13200 m3/year) which will be sourced from ground water.


a) Construction phase

i) Harvesting/processing of building materials – at respective production sources

ii) Energy requirement

b) Operation phase

i) Fuel requirement

ii) Energy conservation

iii) Efficient recycling of metal

4.1.4 Processing/industrial activity

The basic steps of the proposed project involve production of clinker and then milling

of raw materials in cement mill to produce cement @ 1200 MT/day. The

utilities/supporting facilities will include handling of coal, limestone, gypsum,

transport of materials through conveyor belts, oils and lubricants, flue gas cleaning,

ventilation of working area, wastewater, solid and hazardous wastes, etc.


a) Occupational health and safety issues

b) Local ventilation of critical work areas

c) Flue gas generation

d) Wastewater generation

e) Worker training

4.1.5 Waste treatment and emplacement

Wastes to be generated include;

a) Wastewater during construction phase – The wastewater generation during

construction phase will be from domestic consumption. The rate of generation will

be about 9 m3/day, which will be treated in a conventional septic tank and

disposed onto land for irrigation.

b) Wastewater during operation phase – The industrial activity will result in about

9 m3/day of wastewater. There will be appropriate wastewater treatment system in

place. The treated wastewater will be reused for watering of green area within the

complex.

c) Flue gas emissions – The manufacturing process will result in generation of

fugitive emissions and flue gas emissions. The fugitive emissions would result

from limestone unloading, transfer and crushing operations, coal unloading,

transfer and crushing operations, gypsum handling and storage, clinker transfer,

packing section etc. To control the fugitive emissions, both dry and wet methods

would be employed. In the wet method, water would be sprayed through nozzles

to control the fugitive emissions. In the dry method, the fugitive emissions would

be captured through I.D. fans and then after treatment through bag house filters,

the cleaned gases would be emitted into the atmosphere. Similarly, the process

emission generation would be from raw mill section, kiln furnace, cement mill

section etc. Adequate APCD would be installed to clean the process emissions

before its discharge into the atmosphere. The cleaned gas will have less than 100

mg/Nm3 of SPM. All the emissions will be discharged into the atmosphere

through a stack of appropriate height.

d) Solid waste – The cement processing will result in solid wastes generation from

various process steps. All the solid wastes generated from the process would be

reused for the production of cement.

e) Hazardous waste – Hazardous waste will include used/spent oils and lubricants –

~1000 litre/year of aggregate quantity. The used oils will be in metallic drums

inside a lined and covered room and will be, ultimately, sold to the authorized

recyclers.


a) Disposal of treated wastewater

b) Handling of flue gas emissions

c) Handling and disposal of solid wastes

d) Handling and disposal of hazardous wastes

e) Effect on ambient air quality

f) Housekeeping

4.1.6 Demographic changes

During the operation of the proposed project, maximum manpower requirement will

be about 200 persons. Semi-skilled/un-skilled work force will be arranged mostly

from that locally available. There are no plans to set-up any residential facility for

workers at site. Also, the nature of project does not warrant any major ancillary

industrial development in the surrounding area. Thus, there will not be any significant

demographic changes induced by the proposed project.

4.1.7 Changes in transportation pattern

The project site is situated in the limestone Khrew area, reserved for industrial

purposes by the Govt. of Jammu and Kashmir. Present peak traffic is about 100

vehicles/hour (~120 PCU/hour). There are around 5-6 existing cement factories

nearby the site. Most of the vehicular traffic is due to these factories only. The

proposed expansion will add less than 20 PCU/hour at peak level (~60% of which will

be heavy commercial vehicles). Hence, stress on traffic pattern, due to the proposed

project is insignificant.

4.1.8 Requirement of civic amenities, public services and facilities

The project will not require any additional civic amenities, public services and

facilities.

4.1.9 Accidents

The risk of accident may be there on account of;

a) Fire

b) Injury due to plant and machinery operation

c) Electrocution

The industrial unit will have elaborate occupational health and safety management

system as well as emergency response management system. Potential accidents and

hazards will be identified and suitable preventive and safety measures (conforming to

best practices in this kind of industry) will be implemented. The systems will be

periodically checked/reviewed internally as well as audited externally to ensure that it

is effective and up-to-date, and to overcome the limitations and drawbacks, if any.


a) Probability of accidental happenings

b) Area of influence

c) Safety and preventive measures

d) Emergency response management

4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

The project activities, as a result of interaction with various components of the

environment, are going to affect them – in a beneficial or adverse way. The

components, requiring consideration, are;

a) Atmosphere

b) Water (surface water and ground water) resources

c) Geology and topography

d) Biological conditions

e) Ecology

f) Sound and noise

g) Human resources

i) Social and cultural status

ii) Economic conditions

iii) Human interests and aesthetics

4.2.1 Atmosphere

Will the action result in emissions into the atmosphere of significant amount of

pollutants?

How and to what extent will the action affect air quality?

How and to what extent will it change its physical and chemical composition?

Will it affect the local climate?

Will it contribute to degradation/improvement in the quality?

4.2.2 Water (surface water and ground water) resources

How and to what extent will the action affect the availability, supply, use, and

quality of water?

Will the action contribute to a significant alteration of ground or surface water?


How change in water quality will affect its utility?

4.2.3 Geology and topography

How and to what extent will the action affect soil quality?


How change in soil quality will affect its utility?

How and to what extent will the action affect stability (or instability) of soils

and/or geology of the site?

How will the action interfere with natural drainage pattern?

How will the action alter erosion or run-off potential of the site?

Are there unusual risks from natural hazards such as geologic fault, floods,

volcanic activity, mudslides, etc., or other hazardous terrain features? Will the

action contribute to any alteration in these?

4.2.4 Biological conditions

Will the action result in significant alteration – the diversity, population, patterns,

behaviour, etc. – in vegetation or biological life (including micro-flora/fauna, wild

life, etc.)?

4.2.5 Ecology

Will the action significantly affect, beneficially or adversely, other forms of life or

ecosystems of which they are part?

How will the action cause changes in biological productivity and species

diversity?

How, and to what extent, the action will cause changes in food chain

(energy/matter flow) across ecosystems?

How will the action interact with ecological sensitive areas (wetlands, flood

plains, coastal zones, wildlife reserves/habitats, etc.), if any, in the impacted

region?

4.2.6 Sound and noise

Will the action result in creation of excessive noise, considering the proximity of

the likely effects of the noise on humans or other biological life?

Will the action result in kinds of noises and noise levels that will be disturbing or

a nuisance in immediate and overlying areas?

4.2.7 Human resources

Social and cultural status

How will the action have affect on areas of scenic or recreational value?

How will the action affect population density and congestion?

How will the action affect neighborhood character and cohesion?

Will the action cause displacement and relocation of homes, families, and

businesses?

How will the action affect public and civic amenities?

How will the action affect human and social welfare and well being?

How will the action affect traffic flow and congestion?

Economic conditions

How will the action divide or disrupt existing land uses?

How will the action alter the economic base of the area?

How will the action affect work and employment opportunities?

How will the action affect quality of life of the residents of the area?

How will the action affect commercial, industrial, or general economic growth of

the area?

How will the action affect revenues and costs to local governmental agencies?

How will the action affect development and use of different resources?

Will the action effect resource conservation?

Human interest and aesthetics

Will the action, in any way, affect human safety and health?

How will the action affect quality of life?

How will the action affect areas of unique interest or beauty?

How will the action alter the aesthetic qualities of the area?

How will the action alter unique areas – historical, archaeological, paleontological

sites?

4.3 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION

The impacts, favourable or adverse, have been assessed in terms of their nature

without actually quantifying these (at this stage). As a reference point, existing

background environmental setting and “no action” scenario have been used for

comparative assessment.

4.3.1 Land alteration/regime modification

Atmosphere No significant impact.

Water resources Limiting uncontrolled surface run-off and storm water management will have positive contribution to water scenario.

Geology and topography

Alteration in natural unregulated drainage taken care of by apt channelising storm water flow and limiting soil erosion.

Biological conditions

No significant impact.

Ecology Landscaping and plantation will improve local ecology.

Sound and noise No significant impact.

Human resources



Economic conditions

Increase in commercial worth of property in surrounding region.


Beautification of barren area.

4.3.2 Land transformation and construction

Atmosphere The modest construction activity will not have any visible effect on the local SPM, stressing beyond the AAQS.

Water resources Water requirement being marginal, there will be no significant impact.




No impact specific to the study area/site.

Ecology No impact specific to the study area/site.

Sound and noise There will be some noise due to construction machinery, but it will not be stressing beyond permissible limits.

Human resources



Economic conditions

The activity will generate extra employment and business opportunities.


Beautification of barren area.

4.3.3 Resource extraction and consumption/renewal

Atmosphere Processing for production of building materials will put some stress on air quality at the respective activity sites. These effects are marginal and not specific to the study area/site.

Water resources The ground water will be marginally stressed, but will be partially relieved due to improved storm water management.


The construction material requirement is insignificant. Effects of its harvesting on lithospheric character of respective source areas are marginal and not specific to the study area/site.

Sound and noise No significant impact specific to site.

Human resources



Economic conditions

The activity will conserve virgin resources and will generate extra job and business opportunities.



4.3.4 Processing/industrial activity

Atmosphere Gaseous emissions will have little local effect. There will be indirect improvement (due to production of cement, locally which would reduce the demand and supply gap).

Water resources No significant effect on local groundwater resource which is available in aplenty.




Appropriate personal protective equipment will eliminate the potential hazards to the workers.

Ecology There will be indirect improvement (due to responsible handling and recycling of the scrap metal and resource conservation).

Sound and noise Some noise from the industrial activity will be contained through appropriate noise reduction measures.

Human resources


Improved quality of life in surrounding area.

Economic conditions

The activity will generate extra employment and business opportunities.


No significant effect.

4.3.5 Waste treatment and emplacement

Atmosphere Appropriate mitigative measures (flue gas cleaning) will eliminate potential harmful effects.

Water resources Reuse of used treated water will improve greenery in the complex without stressing groundwater resources.




Appropriate mitigative measures (flue gas cleaning) will eliminate potential harmful effects.

Ecology Development of green area will be beneficial to terrestrial ecology.


Human resources



Economic conditions

No impact specific to the study area/site.



4.3.6 Demographic changes


Water resources No significant impact.





Ecology No significant impact.


Human resources


Improvement in quality of life.

Economic conditions

Improved job opportunities.


Gains for local bodies contribute to urbanized development of the area.

4.3.7 Changes in transportation pattern

Atmosphere Marginal addition to vehicular emissions.








Human resources



Economic conditions

Improved job opportunities.



4.3.8 Requirement of civic amenities, public services and facilities









Human resources



Economic conditions




4.3.9 Accidents

Atmosphere Any event of fire or explosions will harm the air environment of the area.





Worker exposure to hazardous working environment will be minimized through appropriate safety measures and personal protective equipment.



Human resources



Economic conditions

Any accidental incident will harm the industrial unit and its direct/indirect dependents economically.



4.4 QUANTIFICATION OF SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS

The only significant impact in context of the proposed project, that need to be

modeled and quantified, is release of flue gas emissions into the atmosphere and their

effect on ground level concentrations of different parameters – SPM, SO2, and NOx –

in the study area. Thus, modeling for GLC analysis of SPM, SO2 and NOx has been

done.

There are a large number of mathematical models available for the prediction of

impacts on air environment. These models deal with different types of atmospheric

sources, different types of air pollution sources, different topographic features and

cater to different types of requirements. Some of the available mathematical models

require large amount of meteorological data and computer resources to handle these

data, whereas some models could be used with less amount of data. Keeping in view

of the requirement and data availability, one has to identify a proper model suitable to

the specific project for predication of impacts on air environment.

The site for the proposed project site is situated on a flat terrain. There is one stack

which is identified as significant elevated continuous point source. A short-term

multiple point sources Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model (PTMTP) has been

identified as the suitable model for prediction of impacts on air environment.

The basic equations of the PTMTP model is given below.

For stable conditions or unlimited mixing;

Xp = Qg1.g2/(2n.ry.rz.u)

In unstable or neutral conditions and if rz is greater than 1.6 times the mixing height

(L), than;

Xp = Qg1/[(ry.Lu.(2n)2]

In all other unstable or neutral conditions, that is, if rz is less than 1.6 times mixing

height;

Xp = Qg1.g3/(2n.ry.rz.u)

the expressions used are;

g1 = exp(-0.5Y2/ry2)

g2 = {exp[-0.5(z-H)2/rz2] + exp[-0.5(z+H)2 /rz

2]}

g3 = Eø{exp[-0.5(z-H2NL)2/RZ2] + 0.5(z+H+2NL)2/RZ

2]}

Where,

Xp = Ground level concentration, g/m3

L = Mixing height, the top of the unstable layer (m),

Y = Crosswind direction (m),

Z = Receptor height above ground (m)

ry = Standard deviation of plume concentration distribution in lateral (m)

rx = Standard deviation of plume concentration distribution in vertical (m)

u = Wind speed, (m/s)

Q = Emission rate from point sources, (g/sec)

H = Effective height of the source, (m)

4.4.1 Micrometeorology

The wind speed and wind direction data were recorded from IMD station Srinagar.

The wind data was analysed to obtain predominant wind direction and average wind

speed for 1 to 24 hours, and the same data was used in the prediction of impacts on air

environment.

The hourly wind speed, solar insolation and total cloudness during day time and wind

speed and total cloudness during night time were used to determine the hourly

atmospheric stability class (Pasquill and Gifford) viz., A to F. Visual observations

were made for the cloud cover during study period. Mixing heights during night time

were considered to be zero as stable atmospheric conditions prevail during night. The

average meteorological conditions as observed during the study period have been

used for predication of impacts.

4.4.2 Air Quality Prediction

The point multiple point (PTMTP) model was used to predict the ground level

concentrations (GLC) of SPM and SO2 due to the proposed project. Predicted GLC of

the pollutant was superimposed on the existing baseline data to assess the overall

impact on surrounding air quality. The GLC was predicated on 24 hourly average

basis.

During the study period predominant wind direction was from SE direction.

Maximum incremental concentrations, predicted due to the stack emissions from the

proposed industrial facility within the study area, are 9.6 µg/m3 for SPM. Maximum

baseline values of PM obtained during the study period in NW direction was 62

µg/m3 in village Khunamoh. The PM concentration remains well within the limits

after the addition of incremental PM level due to the upcoming of the project.


proposed industrial facility within the study area, are 3.7 µg/m3 for SO2. Maximum

baseline values of SO2 obtained during the study period in NW direction was 10.7

µg/m3 in village Khunamoh. The SO2 concentration remains well within the limits

after the addition of incremental SPM level due to the upcoming of the project.


proposed industrial facility within the study area, are 2.4 µg/m3 for NOx. Maximum

baseline values of NOx obtained during the study period in NW direction was 18.6

µg/m3 in village Khunamoh. The NOx concentration remains well within the limits

after the addition of incremental SPM level due to the upcoming of the project

Therefore, maximum GLCs after superimposing on existing background level will be

well within the limits as prescribed by the MoEF.

4.5 OVERALL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

An effort has been made to objectively assess the overall environmental impact of the

proposed project. Impending impact (beneficial or adverse) due to various project

determinants on the environmental parameters have been assessed (refer Section 4.3)

and rated on a scale of –5 to 0 to 5. Higher negative value suggests severity of adverse

effect or disadvantageous state. 0 denotes no significant effect or no significant

change. Progressive positive values represent intensity of beneficial effects or

advantageous state. The assessment is comparative to “no action” scenario. Further, in

the context of project under study, each parameter has differing importance in their

relative contribution to overall impact. The concept of impact weight has been

introduced to rate the same. All the parameters have been assigned some numerical

value, aggregate of which (for all the parameters) is 100. The impact value for each

parameter is product of corresponding impact weight and impact rating assigned. The

summation of all impact values (for all the parameters/determinants) gives summary

impact value for the project, ratifying the impending environmental impact of the

project. A positive summary impact value favors the project, whereas, a negative

value asks for rejection of project from environmental perspective. The numerical

value denotes intensity of overall rating. The aggregate impact value, for the proposed

project, is 15. A good positive aggregate environmental impact value suggests that the

project has fair benefits and advantages. The harmful effects are mitigable and

manageable. Thus, the assessment favours realisation of the proposed project at the

suggested site.

Chapter – 5

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The environmental management plan (EMP) is meant to ensure that the adverse

residual environmental impact, if any, due to the regular operations of the project, are

completely checked or, otherwise, minimized. Further, the EMP also warrant

compliance with all the statutory requirements applicable to the project, from time-to-

time right from the conception.

While evolving an effective and feasible EMP, due consideration has been accorded

to the technological as well as the economic aspects. The EMP addresses the

following facts;

The appropriate mitigation measures

The monitoring of the state of physical environment, internal as well as external to

the industry

Steps to augment environmental capacity building

The house-keeping practices

The emergency/disaster management

The state of socio-economic issues

The plan is expected to cater to the environmental and other related issues of the

project, comprehensively, and manage its environmental performance.

5.1 MITIGATION MEASURES

As a result of the project related actions, some activities have significant

environmental concern. Appropriate mitigation measures are recommended to take

care of these concerns and minimize resulting damage to the environment.

Suitable management and control systems have been planned and measures have been

proposed to eliminate or mitigate the adverse impacts.

5.1.1 Prevention at source

Prevention and control, as near to the source as possible, increases the efficiency,

minimises costs and losses, prevents the spread of affect (of any untoward incident)

into adjacent areas. Further, every care should be taken to ensure that localised hazard

in the industry is not converted into an environmental or health hazard. The focus may

include;

a) Process control

b) Work practices

c) House keeping

5.1.1.1 Preventive control

The manufacturing process consists of a number of operations (refer art. 2.2).

Following factors may play big role in preventing or minimising losses, problems and

hazards, and improving production efficiencies;

a) All the dust emission sources should be properly enclosed and all work areas

should be properly ventilated (exhaust ventilation of at least 50-100 ACH for

work areas – depending on conditions)

b) The emissions from the clinker formation unit should be recuperated with

combustion air supply to effect energy efficiency in combustion systems

c) The solid wastes generated should be reused in the process as raw material

d) The potential areas oil leaks (onto ground) should be epoxy painted

e) Material handling and movement paths to be properly identified and marked

f) All efforts should be made to avoid direct human contact with any material

g) Appropriate provision of personal protective equipment for skin, eye and

respiratory protection

h) The emission sources should be interlocked with the flue gas cleaning system.

5.1.1.2 Work practices

The best health and safety system or any other type of well engineered system

designed to improve the working environment and reduce the instance of occupational

health, safety and accident problem can be easily defeated by bad work practices of

the operators or employees. Each person is different by nature, experience,

intelligence, attitude, etc. It is very important when a control program is initiated in a

factory that, at the same time, work practices of each employee be analyzed. There is

no easy method by which the work habits of all employees can be quickly changed.

Each one has to be dealt with so that within a reasonable time he begins to show

improvement. The key to making employees "safety conscious" is information and

training. Maintaining personal hygiene during/after work can not be neglected.

The work practices necessary in all parts of the plant are straight forward. These work

practices forbidding direct contact with material, respiratory protection, keeping

ventilation arrangement operational during regular working, frequent clean-up of any

waste generated during manufacturing, and enforcement of straightforward

regulations such as forbidding dry sweeping and the use of compressed air for

cleaning purposes. Needless to say, good work practices are as important as all other

efforts made in order to provide a safe working environment.

5.1.1.3 House keeping

Housekeeping is very important control method. Good housekeeping and work

practices require workers' time. Because they are labour intensive rather than capital

intensive, they can be used in plants working at any level of technology.

Work area should be cleaned through vacuum cleaning/wet sweeping instead of dry

sweeping. Littering of material – in-process, rejects, etc. – should be completely

avoided. The storage areas, for different materials, should be properly marked. The

storage for oils/fuels should have specific fire protection arrangement.

As in all other issues of health and safety at work, good housekeeping will only be

achieved if both management and workers are committed to it. It is important that

workers' representatives be involved in the discussions about housekeeping problems

and possible solutions.

5.1.2 Engineering control – fugitive and gaseous emissions from cement

production process

5.1.2.1 Fugitive Emission Control

Limestone unloading operation - For the control of fugitive emissions from

limestone unloading section the “dust containment cum suppression systems” would

be installed. A permanent shed would be installed over the dump hopper. For

containment of dumping sides, cut pieces of worn-out belt conveyors (flexible rubber

based) would be provided in a form like curtain on 3 sides of the shed. The curtains

would be provided upto the dumper top level from the shed ceiling.

For the purpose of dust suppression, water would be sprayed through nozzles during

unloading. Remote sensor based on/off switch arrangement for water sprays would be

installed. The sprays would get operational only during unloading operation and

would stop as the dumper moves away. The spray nozzles would be placed above the

unloading hopper at a height so that the spray covers the hopper cross section. A

regular maintenance schedule would be employed for cleaning and replacement of the

nozzles.

Lime Stone Crushing Operation - Dust generated during crushing operation would

be captured with dust extraction cum pulse jet bag filter type control system. The dust

collected in bag filter would be returned at immediate down stream location. At this

point, an extraction would be provided to suck the air borne fines back to bag filter.

Lime Stone Transfer Point - Dust extraction cum pulsejet bag filter type control

system would be adopted at limestone transfer points. The collected dust from bag

filter would be emptied over conveyor belt at a downstream point.

Lime stone Stacker and Reclaimer - To control emissions, a set of water spray

nozzles would be provided over the conveyor belt in the stacker feed point.

Coal Unloading Operation - The dump hopper would be enclosed in a shed. The

industrial unit will have dust suppression arrangement for suppressing the fugitive

emissions along with dry extraction cum bag filter. The spray nozzles would be

arranged either overhead or opposite to the side of unloading operation.

Coal Crushing Operation - Bag filter type control system would be adopted for

capturing the dust emissions. The collected dust would be recycled on conveyor belt.

Coal Transfer Points (Primary Crusher to Stacker/stockpiles) - Bag filter type

control system would be adopted for capturing the dust emissions. The collected dust

would be recycled on conveyor belt.

Coal Stacker & Reclaimer - To control emissions, generally a set of water spray

nozzles are provided over the conveyor belt in the stacker feed point.

Gypsum Handling and Storage – Gypsum storage would be provided in enclosed

storage area. Gypsum being highly hygroscopic in nature, water would not be spread

for dust suppression purposes else it would form lumps which further needs to be

broken and therefore dust suppression measure would not be practiced. The dry

extraction cum bag filter type system would be adopted for controlling the emissions.

Clinker Transfer Point (Clinker Cooler to Clinker Stock Piles) - The industrial unit

will have dry type dust extraction cum bag filter systems installed for transfer points.

Due to longer distances between transfer points, separate bag filters would be

installed for each transfer point. Pulsejet type bag filter would be employed. From all

these bag filters the collected fine dust would be recycled into the system at an

immediate downstream location.

Packing Section - Natural ventilation would be provided for dust dispersion in shop-

floor. Conveyor belts would be fitted with rubber flaps and brushes for continuous

surface cleaning of cement bags. The packer machines would be provided with dust

extraction cum bag filter arrangement.

Silo Vents - All the silo vents would be provided with bag filters.

Emissions from Road - The industrial unit would provide concrete paved road upto

its plant premises and within the industry. Wheel mounted mobile vacuum cleaner

would be procured for sweeping the road dust periodically. In addition, intermittent

wetting of roads would also be practiced.

Details of air pollution control system to be provided for the control of emissions

S. No.

Section Type of APCD

1. Limestone crushing section Pulse jet type bag house filter

2. Limestone transfer section Pulse jet type bag house filter

3. Coal crushing section Pulse jet type bag house filter

4. Coal transfer section Pulse jet type bag house filter

5. Kiln section Electrostatic precipitator

6. Blending section Pulse jet type bag house filter

7. Clinker storage section

Pulse jet type bag house filter

8. Clinker transport section Pulse jet type bag house filter

9. Cement Mill Section Pulse jet type bag house filter

10. Cement ventilation section Pulse jet type bag house filter

11. Cement Blending Section

Pulse jet type bag house filter

12. Packing Section Pulse jet type bag house filter

5.1.2.2 Flue gas cleaning from rotary kiln furnace

The air pollution control system, for the combustion emissions from kiln furnace, will

comprise of the following;

a. ducting arrangement to transport emissions to the APCD,

b. an APCD – Electrostatic Precipitator

c. an ID fan, and

d. a stack to discharge the cleaned flue gas at adequate height.

The rotary kiln furnace emissions will be conveyed into the APCD, the electrostatic

precipitator, where it will get cleaned (removal of SPM) before being discharged into

the atmosphere, through a stack of adequate height.

Electro-static precipitator

The ESP will have following technical specifications;

1. Gas flow – 150000 Nm3/hour

2. Temperature – 250oC

3. Maximum inlet dust load – 2.0 g/Nm3

4. Outlet emission dust load – < 100 mg/Nm3

5. Plate area – 5000 m2

6. Specific collection area – 88.93 m2/m3s

7. Velocity through ESP – 0.6 m/s

8. Treatment time – ~18 s

9. Migration velocity – ~6.5 cm/s

10. Number of fields – 3 mechanical, 3 electrical

11. Efficiency – > 99.5%

Collection electrode specifications;

1. Height of panel – 8.83 m

2. Total no. of plates – 294

3. Width of panel – 457 mm

4. Thickness – 18 SWG

5. Panels per plate – 7

Emitting (discharge) electrode specifications;

1. Height of electrode – 9.6 m

2. Total no. of electrodes – 273

3. Type – RIGITRODE®

4. Clearance between emitter & collector – 406 mm

5. Spacing between emitter & collector electrode – 203 mm

Electrical specifications;

1. TR sets – 2 nos.

2. TR control type – Microprocessor controlled

3. TR rating

Output voltage

–

120 kV DC

Output current – 3 x 300 mA

Rapping system specifications;

1. Collecting plate rappers – 21

2. RIGITRODES – 6

3. Gas distribution plate – 2

4. Type – Microprocessor based electromagnetic impulse gravity impact rapper system

5. Rapper impact force (max.) – 0-20 ft. lb. (adjustable)

Design pressure

1. Maximum – ± 300 mm WG

2. Maximum pressure drop – flange to flange – 20-25 mm WG

Power consumption

Maximum 36 kW – this includes corona (without losses), rapper, PA system,

insulator heaters, hopper heaters, RAVs.

Power consumption is at steady state for the rated inlet parameters in the basis of

design.

The flue gas cleaning system will achieve SPM removal efficiency of more than

99.5%, resulting in emission discharge with SPM concentration of less than 100

mg/Nm3.

5.1.3 Wastewater treatment and disposal

The industry would generate only domestic effluent from its industrial premises. The

quantity of domestic effluent generation would be around 9 m3/day. The average

wastewater characteristics will be : BOD – 200-250 mg/l, COD – 450-500 mg/l, TSS

– 300-400 mg/l, TKN (as N) – 30-35 mg/l, and total phosphorus (as P) – 10-12 mg/l.

The wastewater would be treated in a septic tank before its utilisation on land for

irrigation purposes.

Septic tank

The septic tank will provide and effective HRT of at least 48 hours, for maximum

daily flow, to biologically stabilize, partially, the organic pollution load. A two-

compartment septic tank will be used for the purpose. The stabilisation compartment

(first compartment) will have volumetric capacity of 20 m3/day, with aspect ratio

(length:width) of at least 3. Floor slope at 1:5 will be provided for sludge

accumulation. The effective submerged depth of tank will not exceed 2.5 m.

Provision will be made for periodic withdrawal (pumping out) of accumulated sludge.

The actual tank dimensions will be worked out to suit the process and site

requirements.

Disposal of treated wastewater

The industrial unit will generate a maximum of 9 m3/day of wastewater from the

proposed project. The treated wastewater will be used for watering/irrigation of the

green area (horticulture and plantation) within the project site. Area available for this

purpose is more than 12000 m2.

5.1.4 Solid waste management

The industry would not generate any solid wastes as whole of the process rejects solid

wastes would be reused for the production of cement.

5.1.5 Hazardous waste management

Hazardous waste will include used/spent oils and lubricants [classifiable under

Category 5.1 of Schedule – I of Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and

Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016] – ~1000 litre/year.

The used oils will be in metallic drums inside a lined and covered room and will be,

ultimately, sold to the authorized recyclers.

Appropriate record of the hazardous waste shall be maintained as per Form 3

specified in of Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary

Movement) Rules, 2016. The industry shall submit annual return of the hazardous

waste, before June 30 of every year, in Form 4 specified in of Hazardous Wastes

(Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.

5.1.6 Sundry measures

Sundry mitigative measures proposed to alleviate harm to the local environmental

concerns are as under;

Issue Mitigative measures

1. Safety during construction

All labour will be provided with personal protective equipment. Working hours and working conditions, as per ILO norms, will be strictly adhered to.

2. Construction material

The material to be procured from existing approved sources conforming to the applicable environmental provisions and should have valid consents/permissions/authorizations.

3. Equipment and machinery

All equipment and machinery will conform to the relevant BIS norms, other statutory provisions (in terms of performance, emissions, noise, etc.)

4. Noise control The industry will follow “buy quite” while selecting machinery and equipment with the aim of achieving employee daily noise exposures of or below an LAeq, 8h of 85 dB(A).

The hierarchy of noise control – elimination, substitution, isolation, and engineering control – will be used in workplace design.

Regular maintenance will also ensure noise control.

5. Ground water usage The ground water scene in the area is not exploited. To minimize the additional stress to meet the project’s water requirement, appropriate storm water management will be implemented. The annual ground water saving potential is more than 15000 m3.

Compliance with the requirements of Central Ground Water Authority is to be ensured.

6. Material transportation and handling

The vehicles should conform to Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. The covered transportation will be preferred. Due care to be taken during unloading.

7. Material storage All materials (raw material, fuel, lubricants, solid wastes, etc.) will be stored in covered area with lined floor. Any spillage/leakage of liquids will be immediately attended.

The storage areas will be protected from exposure to storm water run-off.

8. Drainage The industrial unit will have adequate storm water drains for the complex to prevent flooding of the complex as well as surrounding areas.

9. Green belt development

Plantation around plant area, in ash storage area, areas of critical GLC of pollutants.

Issue Mitigative measures

10. Occupational health and safety

The workers will be provided with suitable personal protective equipment and will be compulsorily made to wear them.

11. Accidents Adequate preventive measures to be implemented. An elaborate health and safety plan is already in place.

Personal protective equipment will be suitably provided.

Workers to be properly trained in on-site emergency response management.

12. Environmental conditions

Regular monitoring of air, water, noise, and soil quality, through self or an approved monitoring agency will be periodically undertaken.

5.2 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Rain water harvesting is the technique of collection and storage of rain water at

surface or in sub-surface aquifer, before it is lost as surface run-off. The augmented

resource can be harvested in the time of need. Artificial recharge to ground water is a

process by which the ground water reservoir is augmented at a rate exceeding that

under natural conditions of replenishment.

5.2.1 Need

a) To overcome the inadequacy of surface water to meet our demands.

b) To arrest decline in ground water levels.

c) To enhance availability of ground water at specific place and time, and utilise rain

water for sustainable development.

d) To increase infilteration of the rain water in sub-soil which has decreased

drastically in urban areas due to paving of open area.

e) To improve ground water quality by dilution.

5.2.2 Advantages

a) The cost of recharge to sub-surface reservoir is lower than that for surface

reservoirs.

b) The aquifer serves as distribution system also.

c) No land is wasted for storage purpose and no population displacement is involved.

d) Ground water is not directly exposed to evaporation and pollution.

e) Storing water under ground is more environment friendly.

f) It increases the productivity of aquifer.

g) It reduces flood hazards.

h) Effects rise in ground water levels.

i) Mitigates effects of draught.

j) Reduces soil erosion.

5.2.3 Design aspects

The important aspects to be looked into for designing a rainwater harvesting system to

augment ground water resources are;

a) Hydro-geology of the area including nature and extent of aquifer, soil cover,

topography, depth to water level, and qualitative characteristics of ground water.

b) The availability of source water, one of the prime requisites for ground water

recharge, basically assessed in terms of non-committed surplus monsoon runoff.

c) Area contributing runoff like area available, land use pattern, industrial,

residential, green belt, paved areas, roof top area, etc.

d) Hydro-meteorological characteristics like rainfall duration, general pattern, and

intensity of rainfall.

5.2.4 Design considerations

a) Storm water runoff from the roads and pavements will not be allowed to enter

rainwater harvesting structures. Separate drain arrangement will be provided for

this.

b) Average depth of upper ground water table – 30 m.

c) Critical rainfall intensity – 30 mm in 1 hour.

d) Run off factors;

i) Roof-top area – ~0.8

ii) unlined area (kucha area/area under green cover) – 0.2

iii) paved/lined/covered area – 0.5

e) Spatial coverage of the complex contributing to surface run-off (some of the area

does not contribute to the run-off at all);

i) Roof-top area – ~15000 m2

ii) unlined area (kucha area under green cover) – ~12000 m2

iii) paved/lined/covered area – ~11900 m2

f) Time of concentration – ~60 minutes

g) Maximum storm water available – 720 m3 in 60 minutes

h) Harvesting method/technique – storage in underground tank

5.2.5 The system

The proposed rainwater harvesting system will comprise of;

a) Storm water drainage and collection system

b) Water storage system

Whole of the complex area will be provided by a network of storm water drains. The

drains will link water storage systems. Special emphasis is placed on low intensity

rainfall (≤ 5 mm/hour) which is potentially polluting.

The drains will provide inlet to water storage system through a grating (screen).

Each water storage system will have three components (compartments);

a) Inlet water collection tank

b) Water pre-treatment unit

c) Water storage tank

The drain water will flow into inlet water collection tank. The tank capacity will be

suitably selected to store low intensity rainfall. The tank will be imperviously lined

from all sides.

For increased rainfall, the water will overflow into water pre-treatment unit. The pre-

treatment will be a multimedia filtration system.

The filtered water will be stored in a water storage tank of sufficient capacity to take

care of continuous wet weather conditions. The stored water will be used, during dry

weather, for various low-quality applications including that for irrigating green area

within the complex.

First rainfall of the season/low intensity rainfall will not be allowed to flow beyond

inlet water collection tank, and will be pumped into the ETP for treatment and

disposal.

5.2.6 Specifications

There will, in all, 4 sets of rain water harvesting interceptions (each comprising of

collection tank, pre-treatment unit, and storage tank) will be provided well distributed

throughout the area.

a) Volumetric capacity inlet water collection tank – ~30 m3

b) Volumetric capacity of water storage tank – ~1000 m3

c) Filter media (from top to bottom) – coarse sand (1.5-2 mm) layer – 0.3 m, gravel

(5-10 mm) layer 0.3 m, boulder (50-100 mm) layer – 0.3 m, freeboard at the top –

1 m, surface area – 10 m2.

d) Minimum tank depth – 1.5 m

The pre-treatment top layer will be required to be cleaned at least once a year

(preferably before monsoon).

The average rainfall in the area is about 600 mm/year. Assuming 50% of the total

actual rainfall as efficiency of the water capture system, about 15000 m3 of rainwater

will be collected which can be reused.

The terrain gradient will be appropriately used to the advantage of the system. The

water storage tank may be located in the areas of depression.

5.3 MANAGEMENT, STAFFING AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

The efficiency of a system, depends not only on the infrastructure but also on the level

of commitment from the facility management and the kind of manpower and

resources provided for its optimal working.

5.3.1 Staffing

The industry shall have an environmental, health and safety committee (from amongst

the regular staff of the industry), headed by a co-ordinator (a senior level functionary),

who will be adequately trained.

A trained and experienced full-time Manager (Safety, Health and Environment) will

be appointed to oversee and control executive authority over the concerning issues.

Trained manpower will be arranged for operation and management of pollution

control systems. Capability for routine monitoring of the control systems, for their

efficient operation, will be given due importance. It is planned to develop in-house

capacity for automated/manual monitoring of routine stack emission parameters.

Matters pertaining to safety are reported, in the level of decreasing hierarchy, Vice

President (Plant), General Manager (Labour & Industrial Relations) and subordinates.

One of them will always be available at the factory during the emergency and will

arrange the following;

a) To shift of victim(s) to the hospital, if required

b) To arrange vehicles to bring the persons/experts required to take care of incident,

like doctor

c) To get in touch with Civil Hospital/Nursing Home to get them prepared to take

care of the victims

d) To contact with other industries, if required

e) To inform the relevant government authorities

f) To have liaison with the government bodies

They will be assisted by the other supervisory staff of the factory who will contact

other factories, Civil Hospital/Nursing Home, Police Station, etc.

The above said person shall be responsible for controlling the disaster, shifting of

victims from the spot and provide the victims with first aid. The Co-ordinator, shall

take care of the incident at the site and take all necessary steps to normalise the

situation.

5.3.2 Training

Suitable training programs will be arranged for the manpower, which are directly

responsible for the pollution control systems and emergency response planning, in

their respective field/area of responsibility. The training aspects will include plant

start-up, shut-down, day-to-day trouble shooting, operational control and

management, monitoring requirements and techniques, etc., and more importantly, on

emergency response management including first aid. Information will also be

imparted on regulatory requirements applicable.

5.3.3 Budgetary allocation

The commitment has to be in terms of allocation of adequate financial resources, the

constraints in which, may result in failure of the overall environmental performance

as laid down in the environmental management plan. The facility management have

committed to satisfy the budgetary requirements needed to achieve the desired

performance levels, without any kind of compromise.

An estimated 5.7 % of the project cost, i.e., about Rs. 8.4 crores, has been earmarked

for implementation of environmental management plan.

Breakup of Capital Cost of Project

S.

No.

DESCRIPTION COST

Rs. in Lakhs

1 Cost of Land and Land Development 389.42

2 Civil Works 4510.80

3 Plant and Machinery Equipment 2570.26

4 Misc. fixed assets 4051.36

5 Total Pre-operative Expenses (Consultancy Charges, Start up Expenses, Project Management Cost, etc.)

1822.90

6 Contingencies 576.09

7 Margin Money for working 777.26

Total Project Cost 14698.09

Breakup of Capital Cost of Pollution Control Measures

S. No. DESCRIPTION COST(Rs. in Crores)

1 ESP for Rotary Kiln 3.00

3 Bag House Filters for other processes 4.50

4 Sprinkling System for control of dust 0.50

5 Plantation and Green Belt Development 0.20

6 Laboratory for analysis of environmental parameters 0.20

Total 8.40

Breakup of Recurring Cost of Pollution Control Measures

S. No. DESCRIPTION Cost/Annum(Rs. in Crores)

1 Electricity cost 1.50

2 Manpower Cost 0.30

3 Cost of repair and maintenance 0.20

4 Cost of management of green belt in scientific manner 0.05

5 Management and Handling of sprinkling system 0.10

Total 2.15

Chapter – 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

The environmental monitoring is meant to establish the state and quality of

environment, the adequacy of environmental mitigation measures, and the

performance of environmental management system in place. It helps in establishing

trends in the quality of the environment (its various components), and changes in the

same with respect to the baseline reference quality. It may further help in setting

overall performance benchmarks. The monitoring data and results will be

communicated to the appropriate authorities.

The monitoring can be done be the industry itself or through approved monitoring

agency.

The monitoring requirements are as under;

Environmental aspect Parameters Frequency

1. Ambient air quality RSPM10, RSPM2.5, SO2, NOx Monthly

2 Stack emissions SPM, SO2 Monthly

3. Ground water pH, TDS, hardness, chloride, alkalinity, sulphate, BOD, COD, microbiological quality

Quarterly

4. Treated wastewater pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD Quarterly

5. Soil quality (at ash storage site)

pH, alkalinity, conductivity, water holding capacity, SAR, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, nitrogen, available phosphorus, aluminum, nickel, iron

Annually

6. Sound and noise (at all source points)

Leq,day, Leq,night, Leq Annually

Besides this, as per the latest requirements of Central Pollution Control Board, the

industry will install online monitoring equipment at the stack for measurements of

various environmental parameters.

Chapter – 7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 PUBLIC HEARING

M/s Kashmir Cements intend to set up a Cement plant for the production of Portland



Kashmir.

Public hearing is applicable for the project as per Para 7(i) III (b) of the EIA

Notification, 14th September, 2006. The Public hearing was accordingly conducted by

the Jammu and Kashmir State Pollution Control Board on 18.05.2019 at 11:00 a.m. at

Town Hall, Pampore, District Pulwama. The public hearing process was supervised

and presided over by the Additional District Magistrate, Pulwama, District Officer,

J&KSPCB, Pulwama and Regional Director, J&KSPCB. The hearing started with a

welcome note from District Officer, J&KSPCB, Pulwama. He explained the

provisions of the above stated MoEF Notification and also informed the audience

about the proposal of M/s Kashmir Cements for the proposed Cement plant for the

production of Portland cement with an annual installed capacity of 396000

MT/annum or 1200 MT/day to be located at village Bhatayan, Khrew, Tehsil

Pampore, District Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir.

Thereafter, the District Officer requested the public present in the hearing to give their

comments/view/suggestions/objections on the project on by one. Thereafter, the

following queries/view/suggestions/objections were raised by the people and replies

given by the company;

S. No.

Name and address of the person

Opinion

1. Sh. Abdul Rehman Sheikh, Chairman, Aukaaf Committee

He endorsed the proposed establishment of the cement plant at Bathyan Khrew. He emphasized that the employment of local truck drivers directly depends upon the operation of cement factories. He discussed about the agreement made between the applicant and the aukaaf committee wherein certain assurances were made by the applicant to be fulfilled as part of CSR component has been circulated amongst the general public. He

further added that applicant has ensured establishment of pollution free plant. Further, he desired that the condition of the roads leading to Khunouh Area should be improved.

2. Mr. Mohammad Yosuf, President, Khrew Truck Drivers Association

He said he welcomes and support the installation of the plant because it will address the unemployment and other issues. He requests all to support the plant if they wanted to bring prosperity to the village.

3. Shreeraz Ahmed Dar, R/o Khrew

He said he was neither in support or against the installation of the factory and raised issues against the high level of pollution because of pretty good number of such units already existing.

4. Mohammad Mukaram, R/o Khrew

He brought into the notice of the audience that seven cement factories are already operational here. However, no such agreement on CSR support for rehabilitation and pollution control signed with the locals have been implemented till date by the owners of these factories. He expressed his opposition for the establishment of any new factory till earlier promises by the existing factories are not met.

5. Fayaz Ahmed Mir, R/o Khrew (Zamindar)

He said 7 factories are operational in the area. The persons who are against the establishment of the unit are basically govt. employees and those people have basically allotted land to earlier plant owners. He supported Aukaaf Committee for the establishment of the cement plant provided that it is pollution free.

6. Sh. Gulam Mohammad Wani, R/o Khrew, (Sr. Citizen Welfare Forum)

He strongly opposed for the establishment of the proposed cement plant. He further added that this is not for the first time they are opposing the establishment of the cement plant. In 1979, the first plant got established. He added that he was deprived of 40 Kanals of land allotted to J K Cement, which is a major source of pollution now. No PCD’s/PCM’s were installed in the plants for which the funds were allotted. He opposed the establishment of the plant because of the health and hygiene problems by way of dust etc. He further added that these units have destroyed their social life. No green belt seen in these units. He requested Deputy Commissioner to regulate the employment in these units for locals of Khrew. He also objected to the Pollution Control Board for the inspections conducted by them of the different cement factories. He expressed that their pasture lands have got destroyed because of these cement factories.

7. Mohammad Ashraf Bhatt, R/O Khrew

He urged the audience not to fight each other because it favors factory owners as they have earlier been divided. He said that they oppose those elements who play middleman role and also told that they want employment, progress but do not opposed the establishment of the unit. He also appealed to SPCB to visit the

sites and enquire about the illegal mining and condition of natural parks.

8. Noor Mohammad Bhat, R/o Khrew

He expressed concerns that factory owners make commitment with them for employing locals but these commitments have never been fulfilled.

9. Lateef Ahmed Lone, R/o Khrew

He raised concerns about the failed promises of employment and requested composition of committee to make an audit to these cement plants with regard to employment provided to local people. Secondly, he said that if any factory owner makes an agreement he should fulfill his promise.

10. Mohammad Maqbool Shah, R/o Khrew

He stated that people should not fight each other, as they have common gains to persue. He appealed to factory owners that people of Bathyan should be given priority in employment. He said that they shall support the establishment of the plant if the pollution control devices are implemented properly.

11. Sh. Iqbal Ahmed Lone, R/o Bathyan

He supported the establishment of cement plant.

12. Sh. Bashir Ahmed Chopan, R/o Khrew

He very vociferously voiced his objection to the establishment of new cement plant citing extreme pollution and non-employment of locals as the reason for the same.

13. Sh. Shaheed Manjoor (Zamindar)

He highlighted various issued due to pollution and loss of land of various land owners because of coming up of the cement plants.

14. Zahoor Ahmed Khanday, R/o Khrew

Claimed that agreement whatever made with the owners of Kashmir Cements shall be circulated among locals and be published as well.

15. Zamindar Association, Khrew

They strongly opposed the establishment of cement plant. They came up with their views after all the speakers had spoken and the dias was closed as the proceeding were being wound up. However, the statement was recorded on the spot, as per them around 200 Kanals of land belongs to them which is in the surrounding vicinity of J K Cement, Valley Cement and proposed Kashmir Cements. All the land is basically horticulture/saffron land. It will create lot of pollution if the cement plant gets installed. He told that the mandate of the Government is to ensure pollution free environment in the area but unfortunately, they have been living in the polluted environment. Education of their children had affected due to the fact that underage children have opted for driving of vehicles and are in the same field without properly obtaining licenses from the licensing authority. Drivers are ferrying trucks resulting in the wrong parking which put the people into great hardship and trouble. In a nutshell they opposed

to the establishment of the proposed cement plant.

The public hearing concluded amidst a lot of heated argumentations and altercations. Various

groups present there were equally divided for and against the setting up of the proposed

cement plant.

7.2 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

Even in the 21st century, millions of people are working daily in a dusty environment.

They are exposed to different types of health hazards such as fume, gases and dust,

which are risk factors in developing occupational disease. Cement industry is

involved in the development of structure of this advanced and modern world but

generates dust during its production. Cement dust affects lungs, stomach and colon.

Other studies have shown that cement dust may enter into the systemic circulation and

thereby reach all the organs of body and affects the different tissues including heart,

liver, spleen, bone, muscles and hairs and ultimately affecting their micro-structure

and physiological performance.

The main causes of occupational ill health are;

• Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)

• Skin disease, e.g. dermatitis

• Respiratory disease, e.g. occupational asthma

Generally in cement plants, the main causes of accident/ injury are found with reasons

due to ;

• Injured while handling, lifting or carrying

• Slipped, tripped or fell on the same level and/or falling from height

• Hit by moving, flying or falling object

7.2.1 Control of Musculoskeletal disorders

Risk assessment can help to identify the workplace hazards and who is at risk, to

decide on adequate preventive measures and risk monitoring. Assessment should be

based on a holistic approach and the total load on the body should be considered.

Normally there is no single factor that causes MSDs — for example, manual handling

alone is rarely the cause of back pain, there are many other factors that may contribute

to its development, such as stress, vibration, cold and work organisation.

Therefore, it is very important to assess the full range of MSD risks and to address

them in a comprehensive way. The risk assessment must be completed by a set of

appropriate actions targeted to elimination, where possible, or reduction of the risks to

musculoskeletal system. When deciding on preventive actions, a wide range of

possible changes should be considered.

Workplace — Layout should be improved to avoid workers performing tasks

requiring high force applications in awkward, static working postures.

Work equipment — Tools should be ergonomically designed. Powered tools

should be used to reduce the force required for a task.

Workers — they must be trained to increase their awareness of ergonomic factors

and to recognise and avoid unsafe working conditions. Furthermore, workers must

be convinced why it is important to pay attention to prevention and what happens

if this is neglected. They should also be made aware of the benefits of adopting

good practices and work methods in terms of reduced suffering and no lost wages.

Work task — one of the most important requirements is to reduce the physical

demands of the job by decreasing the levels of force, repetition, awkward postures

and/or vibration. This often necessitates the use of new tools or working methods.

Work management — planning the work better and implementing safe systems

of work should be adopted. It may be possible to reallocate tasks between workers

to reduce repeated motions, forceful hand exertions, and prolonged bending and

twisting.

At the organizational level — Practical solutions including developing

appropriate work/rest ratios to reduce fatigue, organising breaks and rotating jobs

should be adopted. At the corporate level, adoption of a policy to develop a strong

safety culture should be promoted to gain higher top-level commitment and

involvement in identifying and controlling MSDs risk factors, and to improve

safety and surveillance measures.

7.2.2 Control of Skin Diseases

In order to prevent the workers of the industrial unit for any kind of skin disease and

prevention of accident, following Personnel Protective Equipments would be provided

to them;

Goggles : The workers will be asked to use goggles who work on washing of bottles,

filling, cap sealing of bottles for protection of their eyes in case bottles are broken.

Rubber Gumboots : Full suit having hand-gloves, goggles, helmet and aprons will

be provided for the workers working in the factory premises.

Face Shield Helmet : The person deputed for welding work will be provided with

face shield helmet.

Medical Facilities : The Factory will be provided with the following medical

facilities to handle any emergency:

1. Well equipped First Aid Boxes will be provided in each Section of the factory.

2. The First Aid Boxes will be distinctively marked with a Red Cross on green

background and contain the following equipment/accessories:

a) Small sterilized dressings.

b) Medium size sterilized dressings

c) Large size sterilized dressings

d) Large size sterilized burn dressings

e) Packets sterilized cotton

f) Snake bite Lancet

g) Pair of scissors

h) Bottle of Potassium Permanganate

i) Bottle containing 2% of alcoholic solution of iodine.

j) Bottle of Sol. Volatile having the dose and mode of administration

indicated on the label

k) One copy of first aid leaf-let

l) Bandages

n) Adhesive plaster

o) Triangular bandage

p) Packets of safety pins

q) Supply of suitable splints

r) One tournequet

In case of need, factory will be having dispensary to give effective medical facility to

workers. In dispensary, sufficient stock of medicines will be available to provide to

workers in case of any major emergent situation. A vehicle will be always available to

shift the sick/injured person to District Hospital.

7.3 DISASTER AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE MANAGEMENT

Disaster, in this context, means a sudden, accidental event that causes many deaths

and injuries. Most disasters also result in significant property damage. Common

natural causes of disasters include earthquakes, floods, hurricanes and typhoons, and

tornadoes. Tsunamis (popularly, but incorrectly, known as tidal waves), volcanic

eruptions, wildfires, and landslides and avalanches rank among the other natural

forces that sometimes create disasters.

Not all disasters are produced by the forces of nature. The “man-made” disasters can

be traced to explosions, fires, uncontrolled release of hazardous substances/chemicals,

acts of war and terrorism, etc., unintentionally or intentionally, triggered by humans.

The disaster management approach entails a National Disaster Framework (a

roadmap) covering institutional mechanisms, disaster prevention strategy, early

warning system, disaster mitigation, preparedness and response, and human resource

development.

Major hazards can be generally associated with the potential of fire, flood, or

earthquake. Hazard control system is meant to ensure the avoidance of the hazards, or

in case of any mis-happening minimum possible impact on residents and surrounding

environment. Disaster, in this situation, may include incidences of flood, earthquake,

fire, or disruptive incidents of human extremism. While the incidences of natural

disaster are remote, these may result in significant loss of life and property.

Disaster, in this situation, may include incidences of flood, earthquake, fire, or

disruptive incidents of human extremism. While the incidences of natural disaster are

remote, these may result in significant loss of life and property. There is no fire

sensitive establishment within or vicinity of the industrial complex. Adequate, fire

fighting arrangement at micro level will be provided by the promoter.

Most of the situations are likely to be in the category of Level 1 Emergency (a local

incident with a likely impact only to immediate surroundings of local site, where the

impact radius may not be more than 15 m, such as, local fire, etc.) or Level 3

Emergency (an incident with likely impact area extending beyond the boundary limits

of the project area, such as, floods, earthquakes, etc.).

On site emergency management will meet the exigency created due to all Level 1

emergencies. Level 3 emergencies need off-site management plan.

The construction specifications adopted by the promoters significantly incorporate

fire-retarding properties. Adequate, firefighting arrangement at micro level will be

provided by the promoter. In case of mishap, suitable provisions for emergency

evacuation will be incorporated.

Regarding earthquakes, the structures of the project will be got designed designed to

include earthquake resistant features. These will be appropriately incorporated while

erection of the structures.

To contain the retrospective effects, only government authorities and agencies, at

local and state level got to be adequately prepared in its mechanism to contain or

minimize the losses arising thereof.

7.3.1 Planning for disaster

The management system, at industry level, needs to include;

a) Prevention and control at the onset

b) Setting up an authority, a core group, and control structure

c) Training and capacity building

d) Emergency planning for actions on site

e) Emergency planning for actions off site

f) Preparing a checklist of periodic requirements

g) Resource allocation

7.3.2 Prevention and control

Identification of hazards is the starting point for a system of prevention and control.

The causes and sources need to be delineated. The probability and extent (magnitude)

of their likelihood will also be estimated.

With this background information, every effort will be made to have a safest possible

system, under the given constraints. The identified hazards need to be taken care of

by;

a) Incorporating safety and precautionary features at design, execution, and

commissioning stages of development

b) Identifying and setting early warning indicators

c) Carrying out preventive measures periodically

d) Identification and regular monitoring of the potentially accident/hazard prone

domains

Additionally, selection/design of vessels, machinery, equipments, pipelines, etc., must

take care of the following;

a) Strict adherence to applicable standards and codes regarding performance and

safety

b) Selection of appropriate MOC

c) Adequate indicators, proper instrumentation and control system with warning and

safety triggering mechanisms

7.3.3 Response planning and management

The overall objectives of and emergency plan are;

a) To localise the emergency, and, if possible, eliminate it

b) To minimise the effects of the disaster on people and property

Emergency plans are separate for on-site and off-site matters, but that should be

consistent to each other.

On-site emergency plan includes the following issues;

a) Formulation of the plan and of emergency services

b) Alarm and communication mechanisms

c) Appointment of personnel and definition of duties

d) Emergency control centres

e) Voluntary organisations

f) Chemical/material information

g) Action on site

h) Rehearsing emergency procedures

i) Plan appraisal and updating

An off-site emergency plan will include the detailed information on following

aspects;

a) Organisation – details of command structure, warning systems, implementation

procedures, emergency control centres, details of the key officers.

b) Communications – identification of personnel involved, communication centre,

call signs, networks, list of telephone numbers, etc.

c) Specialised emergency equipment

d) Specialised knowledge

e) Meteorological information

f) GIS based database

g) Humanitarian arrangements

h) Public information

i) Assessment

7.3.4 Fire protection system

The following systems of fire protection are proposed to be provided for the cement

plant:

a) Fire alarm system

b) Fire containment

c) Hydrant system for the entire plant

d) High velocity water spray (HVWS) system

e) Carbon dioxide flooding system

f) Portable fire extinguishers.

7.3.4.1 Fire alarm system

A fire alarm system would be installed to provide visual and audible alarm in the

power station for fire detection at the incipient stage. This system would comprise

manual call points located at strategic locations in areas which are normally manned,

and automatic smoke and heat detectors located at important points such as the cable

vault, the control room, switchgear room etc., to detect fire at an early stage, and

provide visual and audible alarm.

7.3.4.2 Fire containment

Strategic areas in the plant would be separated by adequately rated firewalls. All

openings for switchgears and cable entry would be sealed by fireproof seals to prevent

spread of fire from one area to another.

7.3.4.3 Reserve water storage for fire demand

Reserve storage of 100 m3 will be provided in the raw water storage tank with a

suitable partition to cater to the water requirements of the fire protection system.

In view of the above, pump house elevation will also be suitably lowered at the

location of the fire water pumps as compared to the floor elevation at the location of

the raw water pumps.

7.3.4.4 Hydrant system

The hydrant system will comprise the following:

a) Four pumps, two motor driven and two diesel engine driven, each of 10 m3/hour,

capacity will be provided to keep both the hydrant and HVWS system mains

pressurized. These pumps will take the suction from the water storage tank.

b) External as well as internal fire hydrants in all areas of the industry.

7.3.4.5 High velocity water spray system

The HVWS system is proposed to be provided for the fuel storage area. Since the

parameters for the HVWS system will be identical to that of the hydrant system, the

diesel engine driven pump described in the hydrant system, can serve as a common

standby for both HVWS system and hydrant system.

The HVWS system will consist of a number of high velocity water projectors. Water

supply will be through a deluge valve. Smoke and heat detectors will be used

strategically.

7.3.4.6 Portable fire extinguishers

It is proposed to provide an adequate number of wall/column mounted type portable

fire extinguishers in various areas of the plant including the control room,

administration building, canteen, stores, workshop, etc. These portable fire

extinguishers would basically be of carbon dioxide and dry power type.

7.3.5 Lightening protection system

A lightning protection system would be provided as per IS:2309 and Indian Electricity

Rules. The protections would consist of roof conductors, air terminals and down-

comers, and would be provided for high-rise (of more than 10 m height) structures.

7.3.6 Safety earthing system

A safety earthing system consisting of a buried mild steel conductor earthling grid

would be provided for the power plant transformer yard, switchyard and other

outlying areas. These would be connected to the earth grids in various buildings. The

buried earthling grid would be further connected to earthling grid would be further

connected to earthling electrodes buried under ground and located at representative

points.

The earth electrodes will be 40 mm diameter and 3000 mm long G.I rods and the

main earth conductors will be 75 mm x 12 mm flats. The earth conductors when

buried will be of mild steel and galvanized wherever exposed to atmosphere.

7.3.7 Communication system

Adequate provision of inter-communication telephones, public address system, and

walkie-talkie sets along with cellular phone based communication will be made to

ensure that communication works fail safe during emergency response planning.

7.3.8 Training and information

While technical measures are essential for the safety, the role of people in

management of disasters can not be ignored. The people can have a negative as well

as a positive influence on the safety.

It is important to train not only the persons directly involved by the virtue of official

authority or institutional affiliations (including NGOs), but also the general public by

appropriately disseminating information on;

a) Possible disaster prone situations and extent of impact

b) Experience in similar situations elsewhere

c) Expected response and measures

d) Role of various constitutional authorities

7.4 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

The Off-Site disaster management plan is as per the requirement of Schedule 12 of

MSIHC Rules, 2000. Organizations involved, their responsibilities and liaison

arrangements between them are discussed in following paragraphs.

7.4.1 City fire services

It is to combat fire and carry out other emergency operations as per the need. In case

of fire, the fire brigade is the best help from outside. Even in a disaster not involving

fire, the fire brigade could be of good help, inside the plant and outside, in view of

their specialized equipments and expertise in rescue and relief.

Responsibilities;

To reach the accident spot as soon as possible with all necessary equipments to

extinguish the fire

To provide all other necessary help depending on nature of emergency

7.4.2 Police

Police is required to manage and control the mob, violence, sabotage or outbreak, if

any, cordoning of the area and help in fire fighting and other emergency operations. In

case of emergency the police department has a number of functions to perform.

Responsibilities;

Maintain law and order situation around the premises

To control the traffic to facilitate the victims to reach hospitals as early as possible

To restrict entry of any unauthorized persons

To set up communication to assist in disaster management operation

To take control of surrounding transport facilities and assist in disaster

management operation by shifting injured persons and causalities to nearby

hospitals

Shifting injured persons and causalities to nearby hospitals

To assist in fire fighting and other emergency operations

7.4.3 Hospital

Hospitals are required to provide first aid, treatment, and also to arrange for removal

of victims/casualties. Prompt and efficient medical aid is important in an emergency

situation. The first center, inside the industrial premises, cannot cope up with all the

treatment requirements. The right approach to this problem is to have arrangements

with nearby hospitals so that in case of an emergency, services and facilities available

with the nearby hospitals can be utilized.

Responsibilities;

Depute doctors and nurses to site with ambulance

To provide immediate medical relief to casualties

Augmentation of equipments, drugs and doctors

To provide first aid on the spot to casualties

To take all out efforts on war-footing to save maximum lives

To continue treatment to casualties till all of them are attended and properly

shifted to medical centers

7.4.4 District administration

Civil administration is meant to provide overall supervision of all off-site emergency

operations including order to evacuate off-site population. Local administration means

those who are responsible for administration of the geographical area where the

industrial facility is located.

Responsibilities;

To protect the citizens

To assess the situation for overall control

To monitor the functioning and need of various agencies in rescue operation at

site

To requisite and make available the services and facilities available in the area

like additional fire tenders, hospitals, doctors, transport, police, fire brigade,

requisition of army and so on

To coordinate the activities outside the industrial facility in view of their authority

and experience in coordinating rescue and relief operations.

7.4.5 Regional transport office

RTO services may be needed to clear all approach roads to and from accident area for

free flow of vehicular traffic, which is engaged in combating the emergency, and

demarcate parking area for vehicles to evacuate population.

7.4.6 Controller of Explosives and Factory Inspectorate

These authorities are meant to provide expert advice and help in coordinating

emergency operations with government agencies.

The inspector of factories is expected to be friend and a guide to industrial

establishments. His involvement is a matter of course since he would be officially

connected with inquiries after the disaster.

Responsibilities;

To coordinate with local government body e.g., civil administration, civil hospital,

police department, etc., as well as surrounding voluntary organizations

To act as off-site emergency controlling authority

To inform public for precautionary measures

7.4.7 Voluntary organisations

Voluntary organizations should help in relief and humanitarian services to victims in

case of any emergency.

Responsibilities;

To assist in rescue operations and first aid to the victims.

To arrange transport, refreshment and shelter

To take necessary assistance from social organizations like Red Cross Society,

Scouts, NCC, Rotary, Lions clubs, etc.,

7.4.8 Other industrial installation in the vicinity

Industrial installations present near the site should help to combat the emergency with

the available equipment/infrastructure present in their locations.

Responsibilities;

To provide the strongest possible support and resources to the plant managers so

that the best accident prevention and emergency preparedness procedures are in

place in the industrial facility

To encourage their facility managers to commit themselves fully to the awareness

and preparedness for emergencies at local level process

To monitor the involvement of their facilities in the process

Chapter – 8

PROJECT BENEFITS

Kashmir Cements intends to set up a cement plant for the production of Portland



Kashmir. The cement plant is proposed to be set up using Rotary Kiln Technology.

The promoters of the project have already acquired 77 Kanals (3.89 Hectares) of land

for the installation of complete cement plant including area for plantation purposes.

The estimated cost of the proposed project would be around Rs 146.98 Crores. The

industry would operate for 330 days in a year. The cement plant would require a

power input of around 9.0 MW which would be available from state electricity

supply. Manpower requirements for the cement plant would be around 200 persons.

The industry is having its own captive mines in an area of 4.15 hectares for the

extraction of limestone for the cement plant. The industry would be extracting the raw

limestones from the captive mines for its use in the cement manufacturing process.

The project would be having many benefits to the state. Some of them are as

discussed below;

1. Setting up of large number of cement plants are necessary in the state to manufacture

cost effective cement for the creation of necessary infrastructure such as roads,

railway tracks, bridges, over bridges, hydel projects, housing and hotels constructions

to accommodate large number of tourists equal to total population of the state visiting

every year in the state.

2. The project would give direct employment to more than 200 persons. Besides this,

there would be contractual labour also.

3. The project would help enhance the overall production of the state by the great extent

thus boosting the growth. In a border state like Jammu & Kashmir, where there is an

unending demand by civil and army infrastructure, the cement plant would add a

strategic advantage to the state.

4. The management of the company would invest funds towards Corporate Social

Responsibility as per the Company’s Act, 2013. The investment in CSR would benefit

the local area as the total funds would be utilized for the public welfare only.

Some of the CSR activities that would be followed are as below;

a) Purchase of Ambulance - Rs. 10,00,000.00 (stationed at project site for general public)

b) Adoption of primary school for free education - Rs. 15,00,000.00

c) Funding of Environmental Awareness programs - Rs. 10,00,000.00 (Local schools of Pulwama District)

d) Distribution of free medicines from project site - Rs. 30,00,000.00 (to needy persons of the nearby area)

e) Plantation of 20000 saplings in Pulwama district - Rs. 10,00,000.00

f) Opening of a primary healthcare unit for - Rs. 50,00,000.00 local and nearby population

Total - Rs. 1,25,00,000.00

Chapter – 9

SUMMARY AND CONSLUSIONS

Name of Project

Greenfield Project - Cement plant for the production of Portland cement

with an annual installed capacity of 396000 MT/annum or 1200 MT/day

to be located at village Bhatayan, Khrew, Tehsil Pampore, District

Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir

Name of Project

Proponent

M/s Kashmir Cements, a partnership firm duly registered with sub

registrar, Srinagar having Mr. Ovaice Ishaq Zaroo and Mr. Davinder

Verma as its partners

S. No.

Salient Features

1. Location of project

Village:

Tehsil:

District:

State:

Co-ordinates of all four corners:

Average height of area above MSL (m)

Village Bhatayan, Khrew, Tehsil

Pampore, District Pulwama, Jammu

and Kashmir

Bhatayan, Khrew

Pampore

Pulwama

Jammu and Kashmir

34O03’11.35’’ N and 75O01’03.76’’ E

34O03’08.11’’ N and 75O01’02.97’’ E

34O03’11.60’’ N and 75O01’09.62’’ E

34O03’07.58’’ N and 75O01’10.36’’ E

1896 meters

2. Capacity & Unit Configurations: Portland cement with an annual

installed capacity of 396000

MT/annum or 1200 MT/day

Number of Days operation in a year 330

Products to be manufactured Portland Cement @ 1200 MT/day

By Products

Nil

Raw Material Consumption

Limestone - 1465 MT/day

Clay – 180 MT/day

Coal/Petcoke – 245 MT/day

Iron Dust – 20 MT/day

3. Land requirement/available 3.89 hectares

4. Status of Land acquisition Already in possession, the land is a part of the notified limestone area.

5. Break-Up of Land-Use of project site Land is for industrial use

6. Source of Water Ground Water @ 40 m3/day

7. Quantity of industrial effluent generation and

domestic wastewater generation

Domestic Effluent @ 9 m3/day

8. Effluent treatment process proposed

For domestic Effluent – Septic Tank

9. Disposal of treated effluent Domestic effluent to be used for

plantation within industrial premises

10. Details of process emissions Process emissions from rotary kiln

furnace and other process areas

11. Proposed air pollution control device along

with stack height

ESP for Rotary Kiln Furnace

Pulsejet type bag house filters for other

process areas

12. Details hazardous waste generation Used Oil @ 1 KL/day

13.

Management of hazardous waste

(Treatment & Disposal)

To be sold to authorized recyclers of

used oil

14. Greenbelt area proposed 12000 m2/1.2 hectares

15. Cost of the Project, Rs (in Crores) Rs. 146.98 Crores

16. Cost of project earmarked for pollution

control measures

Rs. 8.40 Crores

17. Cost of project earmarked for CSR activities Rs. 1.25 Crores

CONSLUSIONS: Kashmir Cements intend to set up a Cement plant for the production of

Portland cement with an annual installed capacity of 396000 MT/annum or 1200 MT/day to be

located at village Bhatayan, Khrew, Tehsil Pampore, District Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir.

Company has committed to implement all the pollution control measures to protect the

surrounding environment. The project can definitely improve the regional, state and national

economy. The implementation of this project will definitely improve the physical and social

infrastructure of the surrounding area.

Documents

Kashmir Cements