EN Cements

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CEMENT STANDARDS ANDSPECIFICATIONS -

EN (Euronorms)

Mark Alexander

Visiting Professor, IITM

29 January 2014

(University of Cape Town)

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University of Cape Town

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Main international cement standards

ASTM C150 and ASTM C595

Old BS 12 (old Commonwealth countries)

EN 197

Other (Japan, India, China, Russia)

THIS LECTURE WILL DEAL WITH THE EN 197 CEMENTSPECIFICATIONS, WITH A SOUTH AFRICAN FLAVOUR

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SA adopted EN cement standards in 1996

SABS EN 197-1 covering Common Cements(SANS 50197)

SABS EN 413-1 covering Masonry Cements(SANS 50413)

SABS 1491 covers cement extenders usedseparately by the contractor (SANS 1491)

SUBSEQUENTLY: THE DESIGNATION FOR THE STANDARDFOR COMMON CEMENTS WAS CHANGED TO

SANS 50197

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Applications for different cement types

Common cements made to SANS 50197 aresuitable for most applicationse.g. buildings and general construction, civil engineering

construction

Masonry cements made to SANS 50413 are only

suitable for masonry applications, i.e. for brick laying

and plastering

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SANS 50197: Common Cements

Part 1: Composition, specifications and

conformity criteria for common cements

Part 2: Conformity evaluation

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conformity requirements Constituent materials

Composition

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The standard covers five broad types of cement in

terms of cement composi t ion:

CEM I Portland cements

CEM II Portland composite cements CEM III Blastfurnace cements

CEM IV Pozzolanic cements

CEM V Composite cement

CEM VI... to follow

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Compositional classes:

Type I:roughly equivalent (compositionally) to Ordinary PortlandCement (OPC) - may contain up to 5% of minor additionalconstituents.

Type II A:contains between 6 and 20% extender (except for silicafume - 10%)

Permissible extenders:o limestone (code L or "LL")

o slag (S)o siliceous fly ash (V)

o calcareous fly ash (W)

o silica fume (D)

o natural pozzolan (P)

o artificial pozzolan (Q)o burnt shale (T)

o blends of any two or more of the above (M).

Type II B:contains 21 - 35% extender

Type III A:contains 36 - 65% GGBS, normally ~ 50% slag.

Compositional ranges for types I, II and III shown below 10


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SABS EN 197: CEMENT TYPES COMPOSITION

TYPES I, II AND III

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

A BCEM I CEM II CEM III

EXTENDER

CLINKER

5

20

35

A B C65

80

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SUMMARY

The Table that follows gives Common

cementsi.e. cements for concrete that

are based on Portland cement technology

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W

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Composition

Mechanical properties

2 or 7day strengths

28 day strengths

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Strength classes:

Three strength classes - each class has differentrequirement for high early strength

32,5 N and 32,5 R 42,5 N and 42,5 R

52,5 N and 52,5 R

N normal strength

R high early strength

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Strength classes:

Numerals indicate the lowest strength in MPawhich cement must reach when tested inaccordance with test method EN 196.

Thus: each class of cement must passo a strength hurdle at either 2 days (or 7 days) AND

o through a strength window at 28 days

See diagram below

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Performance Classes

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

ISOC

ompressiveStrength(MPA)

7 Day Hurdle 2 Day Hurdle R = High early strength28 Day Window

32 5 N 32 5 R42 5 N 42 5 R

52 5 N 52 5 R

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Common cement - strength requirements

Early strengthStrengthClass 2d 7d

Standard 28dstrength

32,5N - 16,0 32,5 52,5

32,5R 10,0 - 32,5 52,5

42,5N 10,0 - 42,5 62,5

42,5R 20,0 - 42,5 62,5

52,5N 20,0 - 52,5 -

52,5R 30,0 - 52,5 -

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Combined composition and strength notation

It follows that cements are described as follows,

for example:

Type I cements CEM I 42,5 N, CEM I 42,5R

Type II cements CEM II A-L 32,5 N, CEM II

B-M (L-S) 42,5 N

Type III cements CEM III A-S 32,5 N

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CEM II = Portland (fly ash) cement

B = Contains 21 to 35% extender

V = Extender is siliceous fly ash

42,5N has 2-day-strength >10 MPa, and

42,5 MPa < 28-day-strength >62,5 MPaNormal strength development

Example CEM II B-V 42,5N:

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Note: one must distinguish between a

cement strength class, and a

concrete strength grade

For example, one can make a 50 MPa concrete froma 32,5 N cement, a 42,5 cement, or a 52,5 cement.

The amount of cement used will differ!

In other words different classes of cement havedifferent strength versus water/cement ratiorelationships

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Important to understand

that concrete can bemade to most strength

grades with most of the

common cements

irrespective of the

strengthen class of the

cement (within certain

limits)

The controlling factor will

be w/c ratio in the mixdesign

Strength class 52.5

Strength class 42.5

Strength class 32.5

Strength vs w/c for a range of

SA binder types

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Example of local strength performance in terms of

concrete compressive strength

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

10.90.80.70.60.50.4

Cha

racteristic28daycompressive

strength(MPa)

Water/cement ratio

32.5 N 42.5 N 52.5 N

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Composition

Mechanical properties

2 or 7day strengths

28 day strengths

Physical and chemical properties

Initial set Soundness

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conformity requirements (cont)

Chemical properties LoI

Insoluble residue

SO

3 Chloride

Pozzolanicity

Conformity criteria Frequency

Limits

Procedure

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Part 2: Conformity evaluation

Factory production control

Certification body

Surveillance assessment

Audits Inspections

Sampling

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Performance issues with new cements:Example of comparison of OPI values for CEM I 52.5 N

and CEM I 42.5 N at different water/binder ratios

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65

OPI(logscale)

water/binder

CEM I

52.5N

CEM I42.5N

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Thank YouQuestions?

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Terminology

CEM I, II, III, IV and V

I - Portland cement

II - Portland . cement

III - Blastfurnace cement

IV - Pozzolanic cement

V - Composite cement

A, B or C indicates level of extender (e.g. in

CEM II A is 6-20% and B is 21-35%)

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Terminology (cont.)

Extender type

S - Blastfurnace slag

D - Silica fume

V or W - Fly ash

L - Limestone

M - Composite

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(a) Type of

Cement

(b) Clinker

content

category

(c) Proportion and type of

extender in cements

(d) 28-day strength

class

CEM

Denotes acommon

cement, i.e.

for concrete

I - > 95%

clinker

II - may contain

up to 35%

extender

(except CSF)

IIImay

contain > 35%

GGBS

In CEM II:

A6-20%extender

B21-35%

extender

In CEM III:A36-65%

extender

B66-80%

extender

C 81 95%

In CEM II:

2ndcapital letterindicates type

of extender:

DCSF

LLimestone

SGGBSV or W - FA

Number indicates 28

day strength class.Lower boundary of a

window for strength

32.5 32.5R

42.5 42.5R

52.5 52.5RR denotes high early

strength cement

Cement Notation

(a) CEM (b) I, II, III (c) A, B, C (d) 32.5 42.5 52.5 R

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