Karen HorneyThe University of TulsaAlexis BirdKristi EnsorMark GrubbsPrecious Reagor

Hamburg Germany

Early Adulthood

PsychoanalysisSigmund Freud

Germanys World War I Reparations

More severe limitations of immigration to the United States

Britain & France at War with Germany - 1939

Nazi troops march through Paris

Japanese Attack Pearl HarborAmerica Declares War

Mans Inhumanity to ManNazi Concentration camps & Atomic bombs

McCarthyismA list of 205 names

Karen HorneySeptember 16, 1885 December 4, 1952

Karen Horney

Major TheoriesThe Neurotic Personality of Our TimeFeminine Psychology

The Neurotic Personality of Our TimeFreuds TheoryMental Problems Arise From:Conflict between the id, ego and superegoFixation in Psychosocial Development

The Neurotic Personality of Our TimeKarens TheoryMental Problems Arise From Environmental Factors Specific to Culture and TimeParenting PracticesMoney, Food, Jobs, Providing for FamilyNeuroses Share Central Conflicts but are Manifested Differently in Each Person

The Neurotic Personality of Our TimeAttitudes of Anxious PeopleAffectionEvaluation of the SelfSelf-AssertionAggression

The Neurotic Personality of Our TimeParent-Child Social InteractionBasic NeedsSafetyBiologicalFulfilled NeedsHealthy AdultUnfulfilled NeedsBasic EvilNeurotic

The Neurotic Personality of Our TimeBasic EvilHostile or Indifferent ParentsBasic Hostility in ChildShapes Childs WorldviewRepressed Hostility Situational or CharacterBasic AnxietyConstantUnderlies Everything

The Neurotic Personality of Our TimeNeurotic Adjustments to Basic AnxietyMoving Toward PeopleMoving Against PeopleMoving Away From People

Neurotic Adjustments to Basic AnxietyMoving TowardAffectionSubmissivenessMoving AgainstPowerMoving AwayWithdrawalNormal Adjustment PatternsUtilize all three

Feminine PsychologyPsychoanalysis is the creation of a male genius, and almost all of those who have developed his ideas have been men. It is only right and reasonable that they should evolve more easily a masculine psychology and understand more of the development of men than of women. (Horney, 1967, p. 15)

Feminine PsychologyGoal: Objective ViewFreuds Conclusions:Personality is determined by genderChildbirth is Womens only PleasureWomen Envy Men

Feminine PsychologyHorneys ConclusionsPersonality is Determined by CultureMotherhood is PleasurableMen Envy WomenWomen Are Not Biologically Inferior, But are Culturally InferiorWomen Characterized as Masculine are Simply Seeking Equality

Karen Horneys Professional StrugglesRoad to EducationRoad to Theories of NeurosisRoad to Fall-Out

Road to EducationFamily pressure not to attend Medical SchoolSociety and Universities did not reward women for class workAbility & Personality eventually earned her respect from professors and colleagues

Road to Her Theories of NeurosisLooked at neurosis differently than othersOnes effort to make existence tolerableChild perception Vs. Parents intentions

Road to Her Fall-OutMotivated by her discovery of a discrepancy in Freuds theories of psychoanalysisHolistic concept of blockage in contrast to Freuds mechanistic notion of resistanceForced to resign

Research Data that Support TheoriesQuestioning Previous ResearchInfluence of Philosophy in her Research

Questioning Previous ResearchMen were only analyzing other menFreud believed his own theory was unsatisfactory and incompletePhilosophy and the Masculine Civilization

Influence of Philosophy in Her ResearchNew Points of View by way of philosophy, in essays by Georg SimmelWhole Civilization is a Masculine CivilizationPsychology of women strictly from the point of view of men

Strengths of Horneys Theories and IdeasProvided optimismElaborated/Modified Freud's conceptsEgo-idealDefense mechanismsCreated feminine complements to Freud's ideasAcknowledged social, cultural, and environmental factors play a role in developmentFocused more on the present and future rather than past experience

Weakness of Horneys Theories and IdeasAll ideas are based on clinical observationConcept of Idealized self is a false picture of personalityNeurotic needs is not a realistic way of dealing with anxiety

Her InfluenceHypercompetitivenessErik Erickson and basic mistrustTherapeutic TechniquesPresent situationInterpersonalGroup therapy

Karen HorneyOvercame Many Obstacles in Her TimeActive CareerContended with Major TheoriesOvercame Personal Struggles

Karen HorneyAfter confronting Freuds male-oriented psychology with her own so-called feminine psychology, she prepared the way for a philosophy, psychology, and psychoanalysis of whole people living and interacting with their changing environments (Kelman, 1967, p.31)

ReferencesEndler, N. (1965). A behavioristic interpretation of the psychotherapy system of karen horney. The Canadian Psychologist (6a), 188-201.Engler, Barbara (1999). Personality theories: an introduction (5th Edition). Boston, MA:Houghton Mifflin Company. Hergenhahn, B.R., (2005). An introduction to the history of psychology (5th Edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.Horney, K. (1937). The neurotic personality of our time. New York: W.W. Norton & Company Inc.---. (1939). New ways in psychoanalysis. New York: Norton. ---. (1967). Feminine Psychology (H. Kelman, Ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company Inc.Horney, Karen (2006). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 1, 2006, from Encyclopedia Britannica Premium Service:http://www.brittanica.com/eb/article?tocld=93613.Schultz, P.D. Schultz, E. S., (2004). A History of Modern Psychology ( 8th Edition) Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning

Freud says hostility and neurosis is due to frustration in the childs wishes-especially sexual frustration and jealousy of parentsThere is a conflict between instinctual drives and social demands

Karen says conflict and frustration of a childs wishes may be a piece of the puzzle, but it is not the only source of hostility- but what matters is the spirit in which frustrations are imposed rather than the frustrations themselves (a child can handle a certain level of frustration or deprivation- esp if it is fair)Karen was psychoanalyst during the great depressionPrimitive people had anxiety regarding matters different than the anxieties people have todayNeuroses in different personalities of different ages, genders, temperament, interests and social layers have similar conflicts underlying the neurosesAffection-excessive dependence on approval of others- the dependence is disproportionate to the real significance which others have for their lives- want to be liked by the person even if they dont like that person- need to be liked by ALLEvaluation of self- inner insecurity-conviction of incompetence, stupidity or unattractiveness- may exist without basis in reality- this may be apparent or covered up with overcompensationSelf assertion-inhibition about expressing wishes, asking for something, expressing opinion, cant defend oneself. Has an incapacity to planAggression- opposite of self assertion- acts of going against someone, attacking, disparaging, encroaching, hostile behavior: manifested either by being aggressive, domineeriing, bossy or cheating or the opposite: easily feel cheated, dominated, scolded, imposed or humiliatedP35-39Parent child interaction is the most important interaction Basic evil is a lack of genuine love and affection- a child can withstand trauma as long as they feel lovedChild feels hostile towards parents but because the child is not in a position to act on the hostility, they child keeps it in or projects it towards the worldChild sees world as dangerous and unpredictableChild may repress hostility because of helplessness, fear, love, or feelings of guilt p.85Neurotic adjustments are attempts to protect oneself from anxietyAffection: try to secure affection If you love me you will not hurt me and are Submissiveness: If I give in I shall not be hurtCompliant, dependent, need to be accepted, liked, needed, approved of; needs to be helped, protected and guidedPower: hostile, If I have power no one can hurt me- try to gain security by gaining factual power, success, possession, admiration, intellectual superiority; try to get what they can out of every relationshipWithdrawal: If I withdraw nothing can hurt me detached, avoid getting emotionally involved in any way whether it be through love, fighting, cooperating or competingWomens envy of men represents womens inferiorityEarned an M.D. as a woman and published booksActive career when women were discouragedshe spoke out against the discouragement that she saw around her Her theories disagreed with the major theories of her time- she was not afraid to speak out and did not let her place in society discourage herEarly to speak out for womens rights (all women in us able to vote in 1920)Personal struggles- had bouts of depression, suicide attempt