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PERSONALITY THEORIESFREUDIAN PSYCHODYNAMICS
SIGMUND FREUD
THE STRUCTURE OF THE MIND
ID EGO SUPEREGO
The three entities form the
unconscious and the core of
personality.
THE ID
• Promote positive, constructive behavior
• Reflect the libido (energy source).
EROS: “Life Instincts”
• Responsible of aggression & destructiveness.
THANTOS: “Death Instincts”
• Seeking immediate satisfaction of both kinds of instincts
• While unconscious, the id seeks expression through…
• 1. Dreams
• 2. Paraparaxes (Slips of the Tongue)
Pleasure Principle
THE EGO
• Parents/teachers & others begin to place restrictions on Id expressions.
Develops from the Id
• Makes compromises b/w the Id’s demands & practicality of the real world.
Reality Principle
Your id wants you to eat an entire plate of
donuts.
The ego suggests a more moderate response, which
may partially satisfy the id.
You decide to have one donut.
THE SUPEREGO
• Tells us what we should & should not do
Develops from internalizing societal & cultural values
• Feelings of guilt for doing bad; feelings of pride for doing good.
Moral Guide
You are a small child in a candy store. Your idis screaming for candy.
The superego is saying, “You know it is wrong
to steal candy.”
The ego decides that the best way to handle this dilemma is for you
to go home and ask your mother for your
allowance.
Then you can go back and buy the candy,
satisfying both the id and the superego.
SUPEREGOWHICH PART OF THE UNCONSCIOUS REPRESENTS
WHAT YOU SHOULD DO?
ID
WHICH PART OF THE UNCONSCIOUS REPRESENTS
WHAT YOU WANT TO DO?
EGO
WHICH PART OF THE UNCONSCIOUS
BALANCES YOUR DESIRES WITH
SOCIETY’S DEMANDS?
ID/EGO/SUPEREGO REVIEW
THE DEVIL MADE ME DO IT…
• The SUPEREGO
The “Good Michelle” represents?
• The ID
The “Bad Michelle” represents?
• The EGO
The “Real Michelle” represents?
1. EXPLAIN HOW EACH PART OF
THE UNCONSCIOUS WOULD
ACT IN THE SCENARIO.
2. CREATE A VISUAL FOR EACH
PART OF THE MIND AND
EXPLAIN YOUR SOLUTION
USING DIALOGUE.
FOR YOUR ASSIGNMENT:
EXAMPLE:
You have an essay due on Monday but your friends have scored Sunday night tickets to the concert of the year. Do you stay home and write your paper or do you go to the concert?
The “devil” in me says go to
the concert and forget the paper!
My “angelic self” says
that paper is calling my
name!
My always compromising ego says work on the
paper in the morning and enjoy the concert
tonight!
Now you try it…
You are dying to get
tattooed on your forehead but your mother strictly forbids it. Do you get the tattoo or do you follow the rules?
For your assignment:
▪ Create a poster
▪ Think of characters from TV, movies, music, politics, the news, etc.
▪ NO FAIRY TALE CHARACTERS!!!
▪ You will be graded on the accuracy of your dialogue AND the overall quality of your poster.
▪Explain Situation▪Explain how ID, Ego, and Superego
would handle the situation▪ Include an image with each▪Needs color/details/neatness ▪**Due Tuesday**
“Map of the Mind”
Balance both demands
What you WANT to do
What you SHOULD do
ID SUPEREGO
EGO
Freud’s Defense Mechanisms
Conflicts arise when the…
ID EGO SUPEREGO
compete
Freud’s Defense Mechanisms
The Ego is responsible for balancing the Id and Superego, so it uses
Unconscious tactics that distort reality
Defense mechanisms are means of preventing anxiety or guilt that we feel about unacceptable ID impulses or if we violate the
SUPEREGO’S rules
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Repression
• “To Forget”
Denial
• “To Not Admit”
Displacement
• “To Redirect Anger”
Reaction Formation
• “To Express The Opposite”
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Regression
• “To Go Backward”
Rationalization
• “To Make Excuses”
Projection
• “To Point The Finger”
Sublimation
• “To Channel Impulses”
Compensation
• “To Overachieve”
FREUD’S DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Compensation
Your mom says “I may not be able to cook, but I can clean like no other!”
FREUD’S DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Bobby refuses to admit to himself that smoking is bad for his
health.
FREUD’S DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Luke punches a wall after a big fight with his girlfriend.
FREUD’S DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Lenny notices his wife socializing with one of his coworkers at a business function. Later that night they get into an argument and Lenny
accuses his wife of being a jealous person.
FREUD’S DEFENSE MECHANISMS
I failed the test (I didn’t study) because the teacher asked difficult questions.
FREUD’S DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Deep down Molly has a crush on Mike, however when her best friend, Sarah, asks what she thinks of Mike, Molly responds,
“Mike? That kid is an idiot!”
FREUD’S DEFENSE MECHANISMS
SUBLIMATION
Tina plays hockey to get out the aggression she feels towards her
family.
FREUD’S DEFENSE MECHANISMS
REGRESSION
After hearing bad news, Sandy runs into her `bedroom, throws herself on the bed
and cries into her pillow.
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Occurs in stages.
Healthy personalities complete stages
without the libidobecoming fixated in
earlier stages.
Fixation occurs when a child becomes too
comfortable in a stage OR they are
traumatized in a stage.
STAGES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Latency Period
Genital Stage
Impulses stay in the background.
Focus becomes development of social
skills.
FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
Personality Development
Centered on sexual pleasure
Erogenous Zones
(Target Body Part)
Needs/Demands must be met
Personality set by
age 5!
FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
If needs/demands are not met:
1. Frustration
2. Overindulgence
Fixation Will Occur
Libidinal Energy is stuck in a particular stage.
FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latency
5. Genital
If conflicts are not
resolved in these 3
stages…conflicts
will later
resurface!
SPAZZ & MR. BEARAPPLYING PSYCHODYNAMICS
What stage does Spazz seem to be strongly fixated in?
Why?
Provide two examples that illustrate Spazz
has reached the Phallic Stage.
List at least 2 personality traits that will remain the same
throughout Spazz’s life.
What behaviors show Spazz’s Id at work? Ego? Superego?
FREUDIAN PSYCHODYNAMICS
EVALUATING FREUDIAN PSYCHODYNAMICS
Negatives
Not empirical or representative Penis Envy? Oedipus Complex?
Positives
Stimulated personality developmental theories
Defense Mechanisms Emotions may not be
consciously felt
CRITICISMS
Much of his theory is based on psychiatric care of sexually abused patients. It would make sense that his theory of human personality is centered
on sexual drives/impulses. “It’s like asking who likes soccer to a bunch of soccer players”
Not scientifically valid Theories are not empirically based Populations studied were his own patients Populations are of a European background Testable?
FREUD’S THERAPY
Free Association
(Instead of Hypnosis)
Tell whatever
comes to mind
Forms a chain of
thought based on
associations
Memories are
linked between the
unconscious &
conscious
FREUD’S THERAPY Free Association Exercises
Say the FIRST thing that comes to mind!
Cold
Window
Music Ocean
Book
SOCIAL-PSYCHOANALYSIS
• Forms unconsciously
• Attempts are made to control the environment
• Emphasis on social relationships
Personality Development
• Carl Jung: Collective Unconscious & Archetypes
• Alfred Adler: Striving for Superiority & Inferiority Complex
• Karen Horney: Womb Envy & Neurosis
“Neo-Freudians”
VARIATIONS ON FREUD’S PERSONALITY THEORY: NEO FREUDIANS
Carl Jung
• Extroverted & introverted personality types
• “Collective unconscious” & archetypes
Carl Jung: Theory Basics
EGO Collective Unconscious
Personal Unconscious
Carl Jung: Theory Basics
EGO The Self/ Conscious Mind
EGO
Carl Jung: Theory Basics
Includes both repressed memories & those that
can easily become conscious
Personal Unconscious
Carl Jung: Theory Basics
Universal Concepts/Beliefs
Links Humankind
Find personality parallels in
cultures.
Contains Archetypes
Collective Unconscious
Archetypes
Inherited from Ancient Civilizations
Concepts understood by all cultures
across all time periods
Personality development arises from archetypal figures.
Universal Archetypes
The Mother
Personal Archetypes
Persona: “Mask”
Who we are “supposed to be”Cover true characteristics
Strive to become more like archetypes
Personal Archetypes
The Shadow
The “shadow becomes
something of a garbage can for
the parts of ourselves that we
can't quite admit to”
“Undesirable” Characteristics Often projected onto others
Personal Archetypes
The Anima/Animus: The Soul
“The Inner
Opposite”
The Whole Self
Male: AnimusFemale: Anima
Personal Archetypes
The Self: Perfection
The “Holy Grail” of
Personality
Universal Archetypes
The Hero
Universal Archetypes
The Villain/Trickster
VARIATIONS ON FREUD’S PERSONALITY THEORY: NEO FREUDIANS
Alfred Adler
• Personality develops from innate desire to control our environment & overcome helplessness
• “Strive for Superiority”
ALFRED ADLER
Compensation
Our efforts to overcome real or perceived weaknesses while we strive for that
perfection.
We try to overcome feelings of inferiority
Inferiority complex
Fixation on feelings of personal inferiority that can lead to emotional and social
paralysis
Would focus on our drive toward superiority and perfection – father of
Humanistic Psychology
VARIATIONS ON FREUD’S PERSONALITY THEORY: NEO FREUDIANS
Karen Horney
• Countered Freud’s penis envy w/ womb envy
• Women feel inferior because of cultural & political restrictions.
• People in general must deal with “neurotic needs”
KAREN HORNEY
Neurotic trends
Irrational strategies for coping with emotional problems and thus minimizing
anxiety
Submission (Moving toward people)
Feels the need to give in to other and only feels safe when receiving protection and guidance.
Friendliness is superficial and masks true resentment
Aggression (Moving against people)
Hides inner feelings of insecurity while they lash out
Detachment (Moving away from people)
If I withdraw nothing can hurt me
ERIK ERIKSON Eight stages of personality development
1. Trust vs. mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
3. Initiative vs. guilt
4. Industry vs. inferiority
5. Identity vs. role confusion
6. Intimacy vs. isolation
7. Generativity vs. stagnation
8. Ego integrity vs. despair
CONTEMPORARY PSYCHODYNAMICS: OBJECT RELATIONS
Studies how people’s perceptions of
themselves influence their view of the world
The first relationships b/w infants & love objects (mothers) vitally important
Focus on attachments (secure & insecure)
CAREER CLUSTER SURVEY
1.What career do you want in the future?
2.Do you agree/disagree with the survey results?
Why?
