START LESSON 2

Level 8 Student Textbook602

Chapter 25

In Lesson 2You will

• study, analyze newvocabulary and makeCard 42.

• do Enrichment.• review verbals and verbal

phrases: participles,gerunds, and infinitives.

• classify Verbal Sentences.• identify and discuss

misplaced anddangling modifiers.

• do Classroom Practice 75.• write Journal Entry 46.

LISTENING AND SPEAKING:

Learn It:Recite the new vocabulary information.

ENRICHMENT:Choose one of the examples under Etymology and look up the other word part(s)for that example. Evaluate how the meanings of the different word parts combineto make a logical definition for the example you have chosen. Compare yourfindings with others.

VocabularyReference 235

Word: tedious (ˈtē-dē-əs, ˈtē-jəs)Definition: boring due to extreme length or slownessSynonym: tiresome Antonym: interestingSentence: My uncle thought a desk job would be too tedious and

decided to work in construction.

Analogy: bandage : protection :: fence : enclosure Type or kind relationship: Just as a bandage is a type of protection,

a fence is a type of enclosure.Etymology:

MAKE CARD 42:1. Write your own sentence, using the new vocabulary word.

2. Write your own analogy, using the same relationship as the analogy above.

3. Write another example of the word part and give the definition.

Word Part Source Word-PartMeaning Examples Definitions

Prefix:anthrop

[Greek] man anthropology

philanthropyanthropoid

the study of manas a speciesdesire to benefit manlike a man

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Review It:1. Participle: Is there an adjective that ends in -ed, -en, -t, or -ing and that is

made from a verb?Participial Phrase: Is the participle followed by a prepositional phrase or an object that relates to the participle?

2. Gerund: Is there a noun that ends in -ing and that is made from a verb?Gerund Phrase: Is the gerund followed by a prepositional phrase or an object that relates to the gerund?

3. Infinitive: Is there a to with a verb after it?Infinitive Phrase: Is the infinitive followed by a prepositional phrase or an object that relates to the infinitive?

Apply It:Use the Question and Answer Flow to classify the Verbal Sentences orally withyour teacher.

Chapter 25: Lesson 2Verbal Sentences

1. The student writing on the board is Melissa.

2. Riding motorcycles is my hobby.

3. He still needs to complete an application.

1. Who is Melissa? student - SN2. What is being said about student? student is - V3. Student is who? Melissa - verify the noun4. Does Melissa mean the same thing as student? Yes. 5. Melissa - PrN6. Is – LV7. Which student? (the one) writing on the board - Adj8. The - A9. Verbal check:

For a participle: Is there an adjective that ends in -ed, -en, -t, or -ingand that is made from a verb? Yes. Writing - participle, adjectiveIs the participle followed by a prepositional phrase or an object? Yes. Prepositional phrase - on the boardParticipial phrase – writing on the boardFor a gerund: Is there a noun that ends in -ing and that is made froma verb? No.For an infinitive: Is there a to with a verb after it? No.

Continued on next page. >>>

A SN PAdjVerbal Sentence 1: The student writing on the board

LV PrNis Melissa.

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1. What is my hobby? Riding motorcycles - SN2. What is being said about riding motorcycles? riding motorcycles is - V3. Riding motorcycles is what? hobby - verify the noun4. Does hobby mean the same thing as riding motorcycles? Yes.5. Hobby - PrN 6. Is – LV7. Whose hobby? my - PPA8. Verbal check:

For a participle: Is there an adjective that ends in -ed, -en, -t, or -ingand that is made from a verb? No.For a gerund: Is there a noun that ends in -ing and that is made froma verb? Yes. Riding - gerund, subject nounIs the gerund followed by a prepositional phrase or an object? Yes. Object - motorcycles. Gerund phrase – riding motorcyclesFor an infinitive: Is there a to with a verb after it? No.

Verbal Sentences continued from previous page.

1. Who still needs to complete an application? he - SP2. What is being said about he? he needs - V3. He needs what? to complete an application - verify the noun4. Does to complete an application mean the same thing as he? No.5. To complete an application - DO6. Needs – V-t7. Needs how? still - Adv8. Verbal check:

For a participle: Is there an adjective that ends in -ed, -en, -t, or -ingand that is made from a verb? No.For a gerund: Is there a noun that ends in -ing and that is made froma verb? No.For an infinitive: Is there a to with a verb after it? Yes. To complete - infinitive, direct objectIs the infinitive followed by a prepositional phrase or an object? Yes. Object - application. Infinitive phrase - to complete an application

GSN LV PPA PrNVerbal Sentence 2: Riding motorcycles is my hobby.

SP Adv V−t IDOVerbal Sentence 3: He still needs to complete an application.

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Learn It: MISPLACED AND DANGLING MODIFIERS

A modifier is a phrase or word meant to describe or explain part of a sentence.To avoid unclear meanings, modifiers must be placed as close as possible to theword(s) they modify.

Misplaced and Dangling ModifiersReference 236

MISPLACED MODIFIERSThe word misplace means to put in the wrong place. A misplacedmodifier is a word or phrase that is not correctly placed in a sentence.Sentences with misplaced modifiers often sound awkward, confusing,illogical, or unintentionally funny. To correct a misplaced modifier, move it next to or close to the word it modifies.

Confusing: Boys searched for crawdads wading in the creek.(Are the crawdads wading in the creek?)

Improved: Boys wading in the creek searched for crawdads.(Boys are wading in the creek.)

DANGLING MODIFIERSModifiers must modify words that are named in the sentence. A danglingmodifier is a phrase that attempts to modify a word that has been left out.Dangling modifiers are usually verbal phrases that occur at the beginning of sentences, but they can also appear at the end. The meaning of thesentence is left dangling. The result is an illogical sentence that has adifferent meaning from what is intended because a word or words areomitted. To correct a dangling modifier, rewrite the sentence to includethe missing word(s) being modified.

Confusing: Sitting on my deck, the stars seemed near.(Are the stars sitting on my deck?)

Improved: Sitting on my deck, I thought the stars seemed near.(I am sitting on my deck.)

Improved: As I was sitting on my deck, the stars seemed near.(I am sitting on my deck.)

REVIEWDangling modifiers need something to modify; misplaced modifiers needto be moved close to what they modify.

It is time to practice the skills you are learning. You will use theclassroom practice to apply these skills.

Classroom Practice 75

JOURNAL WRITINGWrite an entry in your journal. Use Reference 1 on page 1for ideas.

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Classroom Practice 75

DANGLING AND MISPLACED MODIFIERSName:______________________________________________________________________________________ Date:________________________

Exercise 1: At the end of each sentence, write C if the sentence is correct, write MM if the sentence contains amisplaced modifier, and write DM if the sentence contains a dangling modifier.

1. The nurse’s aide gave a bath to the man with the wet sponge. ______

2. The woman told me about her dead husband in the tanning salon. ______

3. With trepidation, we watched the fire fighters enter the burning building. ______

4. The sanitation engineer wearing the neon orange vest hoisted the can into the truck. ______

5. Walking down the street, the wind blew fiercely. ______

Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentence, correcting the misplaced modifier.

A man was talking to the dog in the back seat parking his Mercedes.

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentence, correcting the dangling modifier.

While watching the floats, the Pirates of the Caribbean began to deflate.

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 4: Underline the verbal phrase in each sentence. In the blank at the end of each sentence, write P for aParticipial Phrase, G for a Gerund Phrase, or I for an Infinitive Phrase.

VERBAL PHRASES

Exercise 5: Underline the verbal phrases and identify each one with an abbreviation and function.Participial phrase: PAdj. Gerund phrase: GSN, GDO, GOP, GPrN, or GOCN.Infinitive phrase: IAdj, IAdv, ISN, IDO, or IPrN.

1. My daughter likes to ride her horse. ______

2. Sally prefers playing her banjo. ______

3. He enjoys competing in tournaments. ______

4. She joked with the waiter taking our order. ______

5. I paid the two men laying the sod. ______

6. Shanna wants to cut my hair. ______

7. Solving cryptograms helps me fall asleep. ______

8. Okra fried in batter is my favorite Southern dish. ______

1. I telephoned the people catering the reception.

2. To accomplish our goals is important.

3. On Sundays, we like to gather at Grandma’s.

4. Walking in a spring shower can be fun.

5. The animals howling in the woods are coyotes.

6. On windy nights, we enjoy telling ghost stories.

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