Connections: A World HistorySecond Edition

Chapter

Connections: A World History, Second EditionEdward H. Judge • John W. Langdon

Early American Societies: Connection and Isolation, 20,000 B.C.E.–1500 C.E.

5

Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyone, New MexicoPueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyone, New Mexico

Areas of Amerind SettlementAreas of Amerind Settlement

Early American Societies: Connections and Early American Societies: Connections and Isolation, 20,000 Isolation, 20,000 B.C.E.B.C.E.–1500 –1500 C.E.C.E.

A. Origins and Arrival of the AmerindsB. The Amerinds of North AmericaC. The Amerinds of MesoamericaD. South America: Societies of the Andes

Origins and Arrival of the Origins and Arrival of the AmerindsAmerinds

Origins and Arrival of the Origins and Arrival of the AmerindsAmerinds

A. Migration for the Eastern Hemisphere1. Evidence and timing

2. Alternative theories

Clovis arrowheads found at sites in New Mexico, Clovis arrowheads found at sites in New Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado.Arizona, and Colorado.

FOUNDATION MAP 5.1 Populating the Western FOUNDATION MAP 5.1 Populating the Western Hemisphere, ca. 20,000–6000 B.C.E.Hemisphere, ca. 20,000–6000 B.C.E.

The Amerinds of North AmericaThe Amerinds of North America

The Amerinds of North AmericaThe Amerinds of North America

A. Two Hunter-Gatherer Bands1. Arctic

2. Great Basin

B. Five Limited-Scale Tribal Societies1. Sub-Arctic

2. Northwest Coast

3. Plateau

4. Southwest

5. California

Totem poles from western Canada, carved from Totem poles from western Canada, carved from Western Red Cedar and depicting real or mythical Western Red Cedar and depicting real or mythical

events.events.

The Amerinds of North AmericaThe Amerinds of North America

C. Four Full-Scale Tribal Societies1. Plains

2. Prairie

3. Southeast

4. Eastern Woodlands

MAP 5.2 North American Amerind Culture Areas, ca. MAP 5.2 North American Amerind Culture Areas, ca. 1500 C.E.1500 C.E.

The Amerinds of North AmericaThe Amerinds of North America

D. Three Complex Societies1. Adena

2. Hopewell

3. Mississippian society

A modern photograph of Monk’s Mound in Cahokia, A modern photograph of Monk’s Mound in Cahokia, where ancient Amerind temples once stood.where ancient Amerind temples once stood.

The Amerinds of MesoamericaThe Amerinds of Mesoamerica

The Amerinds of MesoamericaThe Amerinds of Mesoamerica

A. The Olmec of the Preclassic Period (1800 B.C.E.–150 C.E.)1. Discovery

2. Olmec cities

3. Trade networks

4. Calendar

5. Spread and collapse

MAP 5.3 Mesoamerican Homelands and Centers, ca. MAP 5.3 Mesoamerican Homelands and Centers, ca. 2500 B.C.E. – 700 C.E.2500 B.C.E. – 700 C.E.

Olmec head carved from basalt and found at La Olmec head carved from basalt and found at La Venta.Venta.

The Amerinds of MesoamericaThe Amerinds of Mesoamerica

B. The Maya of the Classic Period (150–900 C.E.)1. Agriculture, trade, and cultural contacts

2. Society and religion

3. Culture

Venus table from the Mayan Dresden Codex Venus table from the Mayan Dresden Codex showing the phases of the planet Venus.showing the phases of the planet Venus.

The Amerinds of MesoamericaThe Amerinds of Mesoamerica

C. Teotihuacán: Rise and Fall of a Great City-State1. Trade and empire

2. End of the Classical Period

The Pyramid of the Moon in the city of Teotihuacán.The Pyramid of the Moon in the city of Teotihuacán.

The Amerinds of MesoamericaThe Amerinds of Mesoamerica

D. The Toltec: Conflict Between Warriors and Priests1. Origins

2. Political divisions

3. The Toltec empire

Massive stone statues of Toltec warriors stand atop Massive stone statues of Toltec warriors stand atop the pyramid at the ruins of Tula de Allende, Mexico.the pyramid at the ruins of Tula de Allende, Mexico.

South America:South America:Societies of the AndesSocieties of the Andes

South America:South America:Societies of the AndesSocieties of the Andes

A. Chavín, Nazca, and Moche Societies1. Geography

2. Norte Chico

3. Origins and isolation of Chavín Society

4. Agriculture and irrigation

5. Gender and labor

MAP 5.4 Pre-Incan Andean Empires and Culture MAP 5.4 Pre-Incan Andean Empires and Culture Areas, ca. 800 B.C.E. – 1400 C.E.Areas, ca. 800 B.C.E. – 1400 C.E.

South America:South America:Societies of the AndesSocieties of the Andes

B. Tiahunaco, Huari, and Chimor1. Tiahunaco

2. Huari

3. Chimor

A painted textile panel from Chimor depicting a A painted textile panel from Chimor depicting a central figure wearing an elaborate headdress.central figure wearing an elaborate headdress.

Key Dates and DevelopmentsKey Dates and DevelopmentsNorth American Chronology/Mesoamerican North American Chronology/Mesoamerican

Chronology/South American ChronologyChronology/South American Chronology