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7/23/2019 JR Sastia - Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer Signalling Pathways - Revisi http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/jr-sastia-pathogenesis-of-lung-cancer-signalling-pathways-revisi 1/24 Pathogenesis of lung cancer signalling pathways: roadmap for therapies Oleh : dr Sastia Rakhma Pembimbing : dr. Nunuk Sri Muktiati, Sp.P !" #. $rambilla, %. &a'dar. Pathogenesis of lung cancer signalling pathways: roadmap for therapies.#ur Respir ( )**+ --: /012 /+3  (O4RN%5 R#%67N&

JR Sastia - Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer Signalling Pathways - Revisi

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Page 1: JR Sastia - Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer Signalling Pathways - Revisi

7/23/2019 JR Sastia - Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer Signalling Pathways - Revisi

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Pathogenesis of lung cancer signallingpathways:

roadmap for therapies

Oleh : dr Sastia Rakhma

Pembimbing : dr. Nunuk Sri Muktiati, Sp.P !"

#. $rambilla, %. &a'dar. Pathogenesis of lung cancer signallingpathways: roadmap for therapies.#ur Respir ( )**+ --: /012

/+3

 (O4RN%5 R#%67N&

Page 2: JR Sastia - Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer Signalling Pathways - Revisi

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• !anker paru : pembunuh utama di dunia

18yr sur9i9al 15%)

 membutuhkanstrategi terapi yg lebih efektif 

• 6i masa yg akan dtg terapi kanker paruakan ditargetkan pd gen atau pathwaytertentu targetted theraphy".

I. Growth promoting pathways

II. Growth inhibitory pathways

III. Apoptotic pathwaysIV. DNA repair and immortalisation genes.

)

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#;7O5O&7 !%N!#R P%R4

• / <enis histologi kanker paru: – Small cell lung cancer S=5=",

 – S>uamous cell carcinoma S==",

 – %deno carcinoma %6=" – 5arge cell carcinoma

• Mayoritas kanker paru 01? dari NS=5= @+0? dari S=5=" muncul pada perokok.

• !anker paru pd non8smoker disebabkanoleh karsinogen eAogen yg blmteridentiBkasi.

-

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7. !#5%7N%N P%6% GR!"#$"I&'(A"R IGNA((ING *A"#!A

• &rowth Stimulatory Pathways terdiridari:

 A.+pidermal growth ,actor receptor-+GR) signalling pathway

/.Anaplastic lymphoma 0inase ,sion proteins

2."hyroid transcription ,actor 1 -"I"1)

D.&2 ,amily 

/

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 A. +pidermal growth ,actorreceptor -+GR) signalling

 pathway 

1

 ;erdiri dari:a" #pidermal growth factor

receptor deregulationb" Mutations in other #&CR

signalling pathway genesc" P7-! 

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/. Anaplastic lymphoma 0inase

,sion proteins

• Peranan A(3 ,sion protein belumsepenuhnya dipahami  didugamemiliki peranan dlm mengakti9asi

R%S  mengaktifkan cellgrowth4dierentiation4 sr6i6al)

D

Page 7: JR Sastia - Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer Signalling Pathways - Revisi

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2. "hyroid transcription ,actor 1

-"I"1)

• "hyroid transcription ,actor 1 ;7;C <uga dikenal dg N!E)8" F faktortranskripsi yg penting uG

perkembangan peripheral airways.

• Mrp marker spesiBk uG tumor) ygberasal dari terminal respiratory

nit  peripheral AD2s

3

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6. MH= family

• "he &2 gene ,amily   MH=, N8MH=,58MH=" mengontrol pertumbuhansel @ apoptosis.

• 58 @ N8MH=  spesiBk uGneroendocrine lng tmors,inclding 2(2 7 large cell

neroendocrine carcinoma -(2N+2)).

0

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II. A/NR&A(I"I+ IN "'&'R'**R+R G+N+ *A"#!A

• - macam tumor suppressor gen:

a. P1-

b. PD

c. Serine G threonine kinase

a. ;he p1- pathway

•. p1- men<aga stabilitas gen, dgmen<adi sensor kerusakan 6N%,akti9asi oncogen, @ hipoksia.

+

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*

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%$NORM%57;7#S 7N ;4MO4RS4PPR#SSOR &#N# P%;IJ%HS )"

• p1- : gen yg paling sering bermutasipd kanker paru

• Mutasi P1- sangat berhubungan dgeksposur thd karsinogen rokok

• %da ) regulator P1-: Mdm) @p/%RC

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%$NORM%57;7#S 7N ;4MO4RS4PPR#SSOR &#N# P%;IJ%HS -"

b. pD7N!/Gcyclin 6GRb pathway

• Rb : mengakti9asi p) cyclindependent kinase =6!" inhibitor  &

arrest

c. ;he serineGthreonine kinase gene

• "311 adl barier ter<adinya plmonary

tmorigenesis4 controlling initiation4dierentiation o, cell polarity @ metastasis

)

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777. !#&%&%5%N %POP;OS7S

 ;erdiri dari:

a. &itochondrial apoptosis

b. Death receptor dereglation

c. 2ell immortalisation and telomerase acti6ation

a. &itochondrial apoptosis -/a89/cl$:)

•. $cl8) anti8apoptotic" @ $aA pro8apoptotic" F faktorkunci mitochondrial apoptosis. Mengontrol permeabilitas

membran luar mitokondria

 melepas0an cytochrome 24the point o, no retrn untuk apoptosis sel

•. /cl$: ↑ pd hampir semua S=5=, 5=N#= @ sebagian kecilNS=5=

-

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b. 6eath receptor deregulation

• 6eath receptor Cas" : mengakti9asisignalling pathway apoptosis

• Cas <umlahnya sangat sedikit padaNS=5= bahkan hampir tidak adapada beberapa S=5=

/

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1

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c. =ell immortalisation and telomeraseacti9ation

•  ;elomeres adalah susunan berulang yg

terletak pd u<ung kromoson eukariotik;;%&&&" yg berperan dalam mencegahend8to8end fusion and eAonucleaseeAcision

•  ;elomeres makin memendek setelahpembelahan sel  membatasi umur hidupsel

D

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7K. #P7&#N#;7= =I%N&#S 7N 54N&

=%N=#R

• %ntara lain:

1.DNA methylation

).Perubahan pada protein histon;.Gene reglation by micro$RNA

-miRNA).

3

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#P7&#N#;7= =I%N&#S 7N 54N&

=%N=#R )"

. 6N% methylation and lung cancer

• #pigenetics : kelainan ekspresi gen ygditurunkan yang tidak disebabkan oleh

perubahan urutan 6N%.

• #pigenetic marker: 6N% methylation

• Methylation dimulai pada awal

patogenesis kanker paru. ;erdeteksi pdsputum perokok. displasia F resikotinggi"

0

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#P7&#N#;7= =I%N&#S 7N 54N&

=%N=#R -"

). Perubahan pada protein histon

• Perubahan pada protein histondiduga berperan pada progresi9itaskanker, karena ditemukan susunanprotein histon yang kacaudibandingkan dengan sel normal

+

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#P7&#N#;7= =I%N&#S 7N 54N&

=%N=#R /"

-. miRN% in lung cancer

• miRN% berperan dalam mengaturekspresi gen

• miRN% dapat berfungsi sebagaionkogen dan tumor supresor gen

/. Mitochondrial mutations

• Mutasi mitokondrial muncul saat awalselama pre8neoplasia dan dapatdigunakan sebagai biomarker kanker

)*

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!anker paru pada orang yang tidak pernahmerokok: apakah merupakan penyakit yangberbedaL"

• Merokok adalah penyebab utama mayoritaskanker paru, tetapi )1 ? dari kasus kanker parutdk berhubungan dg merokok.

• !arsinogen pd rokok  mempengaruhi <alannafas proAimal @ distal  menyebabkan semuabentuk kanker paru

• !anker pd non8perokok: muncul pd distalairways @ histologi pd umumnya %6=

)

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• Iipotesa umum menganggap bahwakanker paru pada pasien yang tidakpernah merokok adalah disebabkan

karena menghirup asap rokok darilingkungan yang merupakankarsinogen yang lemah".

• Penelitian terbaru menemukanperbedaan pola mutasi pasienperokok dan non8perokok

))

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•  ;erdapat perbedaan klinis antarakanker paru pada pasien non perokokdan responnya pada targetted

therapies.

)-

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)/