50-201c.inddeographical Society Vol. 50, No. 2 April 2015
Volume 50, Number 2 (Series No. 167), April 2015 50 2 ( 167) 2015.
4
Articles
Seasonal Changes of Shorelines and Beaches on East Sea Coast, South
Korea
.......................................................................................................
Dae Sik Kim · Gwang-Ryul Lee ( 147 )
A Perspective on the Sustainability of Soil Landscape Based on the
Comparison between
the Pre-Anthropocene Soil Production and Late 20th Century Soil
Loss Rates
....................................................................................................Jongmin
Byun · Yeong Bae Seong ( 165 )
Overcoming the Discourse of Foreignness: A Study on Class
Positionality and Dual Identity
of Korean Housemaids and Korean-Chinese Domestic Workers
.............................Soyoung Park ( 185 )
The Changes of Urban System Reflected in Daily Movement: 2005-2012
....................Seungho Son ( 203 )
Tourist Photography as Representation and Performance: Focused on
Rubber Duck
Project Seoul
...............................................................................................................
Jeongjoon Oh ( 217 )
A Relational Geography of Consumption and Ethical Geography
Education
................................................................................................................................
Byungyeon Kim ( 239 )
...........................................................· ( 147
)
20
......................................................................................................·
( 165 )
................................................................................
( 185 )
: 2005 2012 ................................ ( 203 )
: ‘ ’ .............................. ( 217 )
.....................................................................
( 239 )
- 147 -
*·**
Seasonal Changes of Shorelines and Beaches on East Sea Coast, South
Korea
Dae Sik Kim* · Gwang-Ryul Lee**
: 8 2012 3 2014 2 2
, .
, .
8 , ,
.
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Abstract : This study analyzed characteristics and tendencies of
seasonal change on shoreline and beach with 8 beaches at East Sea
coast by topographical survey for 2 years from March 2012 to
February 2013. The shorelines of East Sea coast appeared that
amount of seasonal change was bigger than amount of annual change.
e seasonal change tendencies between Gangwon-do and
Gyeongsangbuk-do coast areas existed some regional dierences. To
synthesize seasonal changes on 8 beaches of East Sea coast,
shoreline advance and beach deposit showed clearly in summer and
shoreline retreat and beach erosion showed clearly in autumn. This
result is different from tendencies of seasonal change in many
mid-latitude coast areas of the world, but generally corresponds
with reference studies in west coast and east coast. e major factor
of beach erosion showing mostly in summer is storm wave caused by
typhoon. e beach erosion by storm wave also occurred in late
winter. And it assumes that the beach deposit showing mostly in
autumn is result of equilibrium processes of coast area against
strong erosion in summer.
Key Words : shoreline change, beach prole, short-term change,
coastal erosion, East Sea coast
2012 () (NRF-2012S1A5A2A01014799) * (Doctoral Student, Department
of Social Studies Education, Graduate School of
Kyungpook National University),
[email protected] ** (Associate
Professor, Department of Geography Education, Teachers College,
Kyung-
pook National University),
[email protected]
(coast)
. , 3
. ,
(beach)
, 40% (Bird,
2008). , ,
,
.
(Davidson-Arnott, 2010). ,
(Guillen et al., 1999),
.
(fair weather berm)
,
(nearshore bar)
(storm berm)
(Masselink and Pattiaratchi, 2001; Bird,
2008; Davidson-Arnott, 2010; Bierman and Mont-
gomery, 2014).
Delaware (Dubois,
1988) (Yates et al.,
2009), (Quartel, 2008),
(Taaouati et al., 2011)
.
(Bird, 2008). ,
(storm wave) ,
(Larson and Kraus, 1994; Robertson V et al.,
2007; Frihy et al., 2008; Roberts et al., 2013)
,
.
. ,
(Guillen et al.,
1999; Turki et al., 2013),
(Masselink and Pattiaratchi, 2001),
(Pranzini et al., 2013)
.
(Norcross et al., 2002) .
.
·
( , 2005;
·, 2007; ·, 2007;
, 2009; , 2009b; , 2010;
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2013; , 2013), , ,
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, 2008; , 2009a; , 2010;
·, 2010; ·, 2012; ,
2012) ,
(1996), ·(2005), ·
(2010), ·(2011), ·
(2011), ·(2012), ·(2014)
- 149 -
.
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rent)
,
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15, 9 1, 10 15, 12 1
1.
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5~10: 1,000
6~9: 1,100
, NE 10~6:
7~9: 1,100
,
, ENE : 1,300
~,
ENE~E : 4,600
,
, ENE : 870
, E~ESE : 1,100 ,
ENE : 760
- 150 -
1.
: , ( : )
- 151 -
.
GPS ,
.
3m GPS Magellan Triton 400
,
. ArcGIS
, USGS(United States
Geological Survey)
DSAS 4.3(Digital Shoreline Analysis System 4.3)
.
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3( 4)
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8 2012 3 2014 2
2 GPS
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3.34m ( 2, 2). (3~5)
,
(6~8) 2012 -8.02m, 2013
-4.74m, .
2.
- 152 -
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±7m
.
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,
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6~8m ,
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,
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20~30m
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, 2013 4.30m
.
.
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2 2.36m , GPS
.
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2. (m)
0.70 -1.97 -6.05 4.96 -3.61 9.70 -7.91 5.17 0.33 -2.17 -2.57 1.75
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6.10 -10.34 -1.26 6.24 -0.59 4.92 -10.63 8.37 -1.01 -2.72 0.40
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3.40 -6.12 -2.98 5.35 -0.38 7.29 -8.89 5.00 0.61 -2.35 -1.89 -0.01
4.29 0.34 -3.64 0.03
- 153 -
3. (m)
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1.10 3.48 -0.89 5.11
3.59 -13.74 -7.69 19.34 3.51 25.96 -22.48 33.81 -13.77 2.49 1.81
-8.53 13.13 20.43 -32.84 25.02
15.58 -4.75 2.17 1.11 -2.91 6.62 -4.93 3.00 -4.80 2.62 -1.73 -2.27
6.19 1.55 -5.82 11.63
7.21 -1.40 -2.98 -1.14 4.24 1.00 -4.79 2.07 -2.17 1.62 -2.33 1.54
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-1.52 -13.23 -1.29
8.79 -4.36 -2.73 4.49 2.68 9.10 -9.66 10.76 -4.89 1.60 -0.70 -2.42
5.71 6.06 -12.35 12.09
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- 154 -
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- 155 -
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- 156 -
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26,700
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( 5, 5).
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- 157 -
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- 158 -
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(m)
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()
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4.24 2.09 -7.20 -3.89
- 159 -
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- 160 -
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2012-2013
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3 4
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.
(Dubois, 1988; Quartel, 2008; Yates et
al., 2009; Taaouati et al., 2011),
.
(·, 2014)
.
,
(·, 2010).
. , 12
11 2012
.
2012 2012 8 28
2
(Bolaven)
4m ( 7).
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8
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(, 2013),
4m . 2013-
2014 7
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(, 2014),
2 7, 8, 10, 14, 18 4m
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2013
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,”
, 13(4), 296-304.
,”
, 23(4), 419-426.
2- ,” , 20(3), 27-39.
·, 2013, “
1- ,” , 20(2),
1-13.
,” , 24(1), 53-59.
··, 2013, “
,” Korean
Journal of Remote Sensing, 29(5), 477-486.
··, 2008, “
,”
, 22(2), 28-33.
,” ,
7(3), 160-167.
,” , 30(1), 67-73.
·, 2008, “
,” ,
28(3), 315-321.
,” , 18(2), 39-51.
,” , 18(3), 83-92.
·, 2005, “
,” , 12(2), 87-98.
:
,” Korean Journal of
Remote Sensing, 26(5), 571-580.
, 17(4), 71-83.
,” , 32(3),
265-275.
- 163 -
,” ,
,” , 15(2),
15-23.
- ,”
, 10(2), 1-10.
,” , 19(4), 59-71.
, 20(1), 57-70.
,” , 21(1), 121-131.
···, 2009b, “
,”
, 17(3), 23-31.
, 17(1), 13-19.
,” Ocean Re-
search, 18(1), 37-45.
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. http://www.khoa.go.kr/
(: georiver@knu.
University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Korea
(e-mail:
[email protected])
? 50 2 2015(165~183)
20
*·**
A Perspective on the Sustainability of Soil Landscape Based on the
Comparison between the Pre-Anthropocene Soil Production
and Late 20th Century Soil Loss Rates
Jongmin Byun* · Yeong Bae Seong**
: 15 . ‘
?’ .
.
.
, 20
· .
0.05[mm yr-1] , 20
60 . ,
.
: , , , ,
Abstract : It is well known that, since the 15th century, the
amount of soil loss in our country due to change in land use by
human has increased more rapidly than ever before. However we
cannot answer the question ‘How long can the soil persist under the
current rates of soil loss?’, because it was dicult to quantify the
soil production rate. With the advancement of accelerated mass
spectrometry, the attempt to quantify rate of soil production and
derive soil production function succeeded, and recently it was also
applied into the Daegwanryeong Plateau. Here we introduce the
principles for quantifying soil production and deriving soil
production function using terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides, and then
compare the soil production rates from the plateau with soil loss
data after the late 20th century, and nally estimate how long the
soil can persist. Averaged soil production rate since the Holocene
derived from the plateau is revealed as ~0.05 [mm yr-1], and,
however, the recent soil loss rate of intensively used farmlands at
the same region is up to sixty times greater than the soil
production rate. Thus, if current land use system is maintained,
top soils on the cultivated lands over hillslopes especially in
upland areas are expected to disappear within several decades at
the earliest.
Key Words : soil production rate, soil production function,
cosmogenic nuclides, soil loss, anthropocene
2012 () (NRF-2012S1A5B5A01025420), 2014 ‘ ’ ‘
’ .
* (Research Professor, School of Civil, Environmental, and
Architectural Engineering, Korea University),
[email protected]
** (Associate Professor, Department of Geography Education, Korea
University),
[email protected]
- 166 -
(Hooke, 2000).
. 18
.
,
.
‘(, Anthro-
pocene)’ (Zalasiewicz et al., 2011).
?
,
15
17
.
(·, 1977; ·,
1987, 1988),
(, 1997),
(, 2003). 17
“
” “ ()
() ”
(, 2003, 37 ).
,
.
. 7(1398)
26 (1424)
2(≈0.6m)
(·, 2012).
(, 1997, 171).
(,
2003).
,
.
20
?
(Park et al., 2011), 20[Mg ha-1]
1980
. 30%
33[Mg ha-1 yr-1]
OECD 1)
(, 2013).
·
.
,
( , 2012).
, ‘
5 ’
(, 2013).
,
- 167 -
20
.
.
. ‘
?’ ‘
?’
.
, ‘
?’ ‘
?’
.
.
,
(Birkeland, 1999, 171).
(Heim-
sath et al., 1997).
(Byun
et al., in press). 20
,
,
.
,
.
.
, 20 ·
.
.
2.
1)
, ,
, , .
·
.
(horizonation)
(texture)
(. (saprock) ),
B, B
A ( 1).
(
)
(, , , )
(. Jenny, 1941).
(Hole, 1961),
(Bock-
heim, 1980). Johnson and Watson-Stegner(1987)
,
(progressive)
(regressive) ,
- 168 -
.
()
(Heimsath et al., 1997; Heimsath et al., 1999).
( )
,
.
(. , )
,
(Gilbert, 1877; Carson
and Kirkby, 1972; Ahnert, 1976)
.
.
“
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
.”(Gilbert, 1877, 97)
Carson and Kirkby(1972) Gilbert(1877)
(
(. )
. Ahnert(1976)
.
( 2B).
,
.
(. , )
,
(mobile regolith).
A
B . (weathered
bedrock)
.
.
- 169 -
20
2)
.
(Lal, 1991;
Bierman, 1994; Gosse and Phillips, 2001; Cockburn
and Summerfield, 2004)
(, 2005; ·, 2014)
.
(cosmic ray)
, , 2 ,
(nuclide) .
,
(: 10Be, 14C, 26Al, 36Cl ) .
,
.
,
() .
(Lal, 1991).
P(h)=P(0)e-hρ/Λ (1)
[atoms g-1 yr-1] P(0)
. ρ [g cm-3], Λ
[~160 g cm-2](Balco et
al., 2008) . (1) (ρ
2.
A. Carson and Kirkby(1972) .
. ,
(←) ,
(→) .
(←)
, (→) . B.
Ahnert(1976) . ·
, Carson and Kirby(1972)
( (humped) ).
.
- 170 -
36.8%(≈1/e) 2m 3.6%
, (ρ≈1.3) 1.2m 36.8%(≈
1/e) 4.1m 3.6% .
2m() 4m(
).
(C(h),
[atoms g-1]) (λ
=ln2/t1/2, t1/2 10Be
1.38×106[yr])
(Lal, 1991).
dC(h) dt =P(0)e-hµ-λC(h) (2)
(ε, [cm yr-1])
, (2)
(Lal, 1991).
C(h)=C0(h)e-λt+P(h) 1
C0(h) 0
(t1/(λ+με)), (3)
(Lal, 1991).
0 , (Lal,
1991).
. (5)
ε ,
(Lal, 1991).
(5)
(Granger et al., 1996; Bierman and
Steig, 1996).
(ε)
,
(C)
(P(0)) (ε)
(Bierman and Steig, 1996).
(7)
.
ε= 1 µ
-λ P(0)
(8)
.
,
.
(Heimsath et al.,
1997).
- 171 -
20
(9) h ,
ρ s ρ r ( ) , e
, qs
. (9)
(- δe δt ),
( 3).
(-ρr δe δt ≈∇·ρsq~s)
(δh/δt≈0),
,
(Heimsath et al., 1997).
C(h)= P(h,θ)
θ
h
P(h,θ) ,
.
(10) (- δe δt )
(Heimsath et al., 1997).
,
.
3.
(Byun et al., in press).
,
( 4).
11 2)
7 ( 4).
3),
0.02~0.07[mm yr-1](=2~7[cm Ka-1])
0.05[mm yr-1] .
,
( 5).
0.04~0.12[mm yr-1]
0.08[mm yr-1] .
, 0.03[mm yr-1]
3.
ε ( ), h , e
( ) , qs
. (h0→h1≈ρs δh δt ) (qs)
(∇·ρsq~s≈ε) ( )
(e0→e1≈-ρr δe δt ) .
- 172 -
.
20
. 9 ·
4.
(Byun et al.(in press) )
A. . B. . 11
. (C) (D) ( ) .
5.
A. B.
- 173 -
20
10 (, 2010)
11 (
, 1991) 4, 5
5 (
, 2002). 1,000m 1
-30 (, 1992) 5
(, 2006).
150 (,
2010) .
4),
( , 1991).
( , 1991, 232).
, ( )
2m 4m
( ).
.
0.08[mm yr-1]
( 0.6m, 1.2m)
7,500 15,000 .
,
.
.
.
(Bierman and Steig, 1996; von Blanckenburg,
2006; Heimsath, 2006),
(
)
.
,
(Bierman and Steig, 1996; von Blanck-
enburg, 2006; 6A).
,
(Heimsath, 2006).
.
.
( 6B).
,
7,500
15,000
.
2) 20
.
1970
- 174 -
( , 1976a; e-), 1970
(·, 2007; , 2011)
.
.
1970 ( , 1976b).
,
.
USLE(Universal Soil Loss
Equation) RUSLE(Revised Universal
Soil Loss Equation) .
1985
RUSLE Park et al.(2011),
2013
(, 2013),
(2010),
·(2004) 20
.
ha-1 yr-1] 17.1(1985)-17.4(1995)-20(2005)
(Park et al., 2011).
6. (von Blanckenburg, 2006, Fig 4 )
. A. .
. B.
. .
. (. )
(Heimsath, 2006). .
(Heimsath, 2006).
- 175 -
20
OCED ‘’ .
.
30% 33[Mg ha-1 yr-1](≈
2.66[mm yr-1])5) 50[Mg
ha-1 yr-1](≈4.03[mm yr-1])
20% (, 2013). OCED
‘’
.
,
(, 2013).
, ([Mg ha-1 yr-1], [mm yr-
1]) (47.0, 3.79) >> /(5.3, 0.43) >
(4.3, 0.35) > /(2.9, 0.23) > (0.5, 0.04)
( ,
2010, 7).
(·
, 2004).
([Mg ha-1 yr-1], [mm yr-1]) (38.3, 3.09) >>
(3.18, 0.26) > (1.33, 0.11)
30 .
,
.
60 .
3)
,
. 2)
20 ,
,
60 .
.
‘
?’ .
. (
)
(
)
.
·
(Tc),
, (S) (P)
(E)
(Montgomery, 2007).
Tc= S
(E-P) (12)
,
(0.05[mm
7. (
(2010) Table 3 )
- 176 -
1m ,
8A .
16
, 1m 32
.
, ( , 2010)
(12)
6B .
.
1,300
.
(, 1989)
.
·
(, 1989). 1970
.
.
20
60
.
,
.
(12)
. ,
1970 30
,
8.
- 177 -
20
.
.
30
?
?
?
. USLE
RUSLE
,
.
( , reten-
tion) (Renard et al., 1997).
,
.6)
.
(Larsen et al., 2014),
(. DiBiase et al., 2010)
.
.
, 1970
(, 1982),
.
2,241 7),
230 , 313 , 2,410 ,
330
38( 1 1
1 10
3,800)
(, 2009).
20~25
(, 2005),
( , 2009).
,
,
.
60
.
,
.
.
.
2)
1970
?
,
()
()
.
,
,
- 178 -
(, 1996; , 2007).
.
(inceptisol)
(, 2004).
.
,
()
,
(,
2004).
,
.
.
?
.
.
,
(~2[mm yr-1])
(. DiBiase et al., 2010).
(Heimsath et al., 2012;
Larsen et al., 2014),
.
( , 1999).
(Heimsath et al., 1997)
.
( )
.
.
.
4)
2013
(
, 2013).
.
- 179 -
20
.
.
OECD
. OECD ‘’
30
.
.
,
.
(.
, , , ).
.
.
.
.
(Brenot et al., 2006).
,
. (Bourgogne)
( 9).
,
.
,
.
.
. ,
.
.
.
5.
- 180 -
,
.
0.05[mm yr-1]
.
20
60 .
.
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
.
9.
.
- 181 -
20
,
.
.
. 2012 ()
(NRF-2012S1A5B5A01025420).
5 . 0-5[Mg ha-1 yr-1]
‘ (tolerable)’, 5-10[Mg ha-1 yr-1] ‘(low)’,
11-21[Mg ha-1 yr-1] ‘(moderate)’, 22-33[Mg
ha-1 yr-1] ‘(high)’, 33[Mg ha-1 yr-1] ‘
(severe)’ .
.
.
3)
·(2014) .
4)
. “
1-107. 8
,
.
… 1
20
… .”(
,
.
.
6)
.
,” .
, 14, 21-31.
11, 1-11.
,” , 41, 361-372.
·, 1977, “
,” , 289-330.
, 9, 45-59.
,” , 12, 117-132.
······
·, 2010, “
,”
, 43, 828-836.
, .
, 23, 261-272.
,” , 2,
1-8.
- 182 -
(1965-1979),” , 50,
,” , 39, 544-561.
·, 2004, “
-USLE
CN -,” , 11, 91-
104.
,” , 96, 325-337.
,” .
, 34, 31-57.
, 22, 45-68.
, 2, 183-210.
, 3, 137-185.
,” , 9, 9-16.
··, 1976b, “
,” , 9, 107-113.
·, 2012, “
,” , 21, 71-79.
,” , 94, 453-461.
, 1997, , .
····, 2012, “
: PAM Biopolymer
,” , 24, 30-39.
··, 2009, “
,” , 98, 444-
450.
, 58, 41-47.
,” , , 26-29.
(’13~
’17), .
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rsta.2010.0339.
BK21 Plus
(:
[email protected])
Innovative Leaders for Creating Future Value in Cilvil En-
gineering, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-gu,
Seoul 136-713, Korea (e-mail:
[email protected])
2015. 1. 21
2015. 4. 12
2015. 4. 13
? 50 2 2015(185~201)
:
*
Overcoming the Discourse of Foreignness: A Study on Class
Positionality and Dual Identity of Korean Housemaids and
Korean-Chinese Domestic
Workers
Soyoung Park*
:
. 27 ,
, - (foreignness)
.
. , ,
, ‘’
(tranlocal anchoring) .
.
.
.
: , , , ,
Abstract : This paper suggests how Korean housemaids, called Sikmo,
and Korean-Chinese migrant domestic workers have similar class
positions and therefore form a dual identity in their interactions
with female employers. rough spoken stories of the experiences of
27 females from Seoul, including Korean- Chinese domestic workers,
Korean housemaids, and their employers, this research effectively
overcomes the dichotomous discourse of natives versus foreigners.
Instead it suggests the new interpretation that it is not
foreignness but class inferiority of the domestic workers that
plays a key role in establishing relationships with employers.
Korean housemaids and Korean-Chinese domestic workers, both groups
of whom are migrant workers, have developed coping strategies to
enhance their labor value by spatially relocating themselves from
their home society to a new society. They possess a similar labor
status in women’s history, being of low income, low education, and
rural births. Consequently, these women experience ‘translocal
anchoring,’ meaning their identities are intertwined with that of
their home societies, and employers perceive them based on the
characteristics of these places. The Korean
* (M.A. Student, Department of Geography, Seoul National
University),
[email protected]
- 186 -
. 70
24
.
24
.
.
,
,
(translocal anchoring) .
,
.
,
.
.
(, 2003: 64-65; ,
.
,
.
,
.
-
,
. 60
, ,
.
.
. , (Lan, 2003)
employers perceive that the domestic workers’ morality and
intellectuality are inferior based on their class differences. This
stigmatizing process leads employers to regard domestic workers as
ambivalent people, not only threatening outsiders but also objects
of pity, needing love and protection of their employers. e
employers educate them culturally, teaching them skills to survive
in the urban environment. ese skills include cooking and language,
in addition to advice on long-term plans to blend into
society.
Key Words : feminization of migration, space relocation, translocal
anchoring, korean-chinese domestic workers, korean housemaid
- 187 -
:
. ,
-
,
. ,
,
, ,
.
60
. ,
. , (region), (class),
(system)
. ,
“
”, “ ”, “
”
.
.
.
,
(Sassen, 1998). (Sassen
1998; 2000)
‘ ’ .
,
.
,
(, 2008).
(Hochschild, 2000)
.
(Hochschild, 2000).
(Sassen, 2002) ‘ ’
.
.
- 188 -
. 3
.
.
.
. (Lan, 2003)
.
.
(micropolotics)
. (Anderson, 2007)
.
(foreignness)
.
.
-
,
.
.
. (Lan, 2003)
,
,
,
. (Anderson, 2007)
. (Aklan, 2007)
. 1950
60
. “
”
.
.
.
-
2009). 70
24
(, 2009).
- 189 -
:
“” “” (
, 2009).
(·, 2006).
.
(2009) 80%
.
(2005)
.
,
.
.
(, 2009). ,
(2011)
.
.
. “ ”
. (2005)
. ,
.
.
1960
15 19
(, 2004).
(, 2002; , 2003;
, 2009). (2002) 60
.
(2003)
.
. (2009)
60, 70 80, 90
.
.
60
.
.
.
“ ”
,
“ ,
- 190 -
.
(translocal anchoring) .
,
.
.
.
24
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
(rap-
port) 4
,
.
,
,
.
.
2 . 2014 3
16 2014 6 14 2
6,
18, 3
2015 2 25 28
2 .
.
1 30 1
2 4
2 .
.
.
,
. ,
.
160 200
.
. ,
, 3
. ,
- 191 -
:
.
20~30
2 16
. -
(maternalism) , -
.
, , ,
. ,
3(, ,
) . 4
, 2
1992
. , 1
.
,
. 3
,
6 1
. ,
,
,
.
1)
.
3
.
, 3 70
.
.
.
.
15 19
(, 2004)
1,130
(,
2002).
(,
2011). 1960 70
.
.
.
[2014.06.12,
()].
.
.
- 192 -
(,
2001).
(,
2004). ,
.
.
.
.
1930
30
.
, ,
(, 2005).
.
, . .
()
.
[2014.06.12, ()].
.
.
.
… [2014.06.14, ()].
. (2009) 90
.
.
() “
.” .
24
. 2000
.
.
(, 2009).
(, 2007).
. 24
80%
(, 2009).
. 1978
.
, ,
(, 1994; , 2005).
- 193 -
:
,
1992
(, 2012).
.
. ()
“
”, “
.
”
.
10-20
( , 2006).
. 1970
1980
(, 2011). 90
(
, 2011) ,
.
.
. ()
.
() .
. .
[2014.04.12, ()].
2)
4
()
() . ,
. , ,
.
.
,
1.
(region)
(system) ,
(ethnicity)
- 194 -
60
(, , )
.
.
(
, 2004; , 2011).
,
-
. (2011)
,
‘ ’
. (2004)
.
1 ‘(ethnicity) ’
, ,
.
.
70%
(, 1994; , 2005)
.
(,
1994; , 2005)
. ()
() ,
, .
.
.
[2014.04.06, ()].
.… . ()
.… (2005.03.01,
‘ -2’, :
*)
(region) ,
(system)
. ()
.
“ ”
.
.
.
.
- 195 -
:
. .
.
.
.
. () .
. .
‘
’ .
. “
() ” .
“ . .”
.
[2014.05.04, ()].
. 1
.
.
,
.
.
…
[2014.04.30, ()].
(class)
(ethnicity)
. ()
.
“,
, ”
. ()
,
.
5. :
1) (translocal anchoring):
,
.
(lived experience)
.
(2001) (dislocation)
.
.
,
.
,
(here)
(there)
.
, ,
.
- 196 -
.
.
.
.
[2014.03.26, ()].
. .
180 180
. [2014.04.30,
()].
.
.
, .
. .
. ()
100 100
[2014.04.15, ()].
“” “ 3”
(class), (system),
(ethnicity)
.
. ,
.
.
() “
” “ ”
. ,
. ()
.
.
“
”
. ()
,
.
“
” “
” .
.
(2014.06.07,
) “
” “
” .
.
,
.
“ ” (,
2004).
,
.
.
“ ”
.
- 197 -
:
.
.
.
[2014.06.12, ()].
.
. ()
… ,
, . ,
[2014.06.10, ()].
.
. ,
.
(
)
. ,
‘ ’
.
.
(Lan, 2003)
.
.
.
. 3
(, 1965.08.13)
‘, , ’
(,
2011).
. ()
“
” “
.
.” .
.
(mediator)
. ()
.
.
(maternal-
ism) (Arnado, 2003).
. ,
()
- 198 -
.
.
.
.
[2015.02.28, ()].
.
.
… [2014.04.15, (
)].
.
. . “,
.
.
.”
.
[2014.04.02, ()].
.
. () “
.” “
” .
“
”
.
()
.
. ,
.
.
.
.
[2015.02.28, ()].
. ( )
.
.
.
.
. “ ”
[2014.05.21, ()].
.
CCTV
. ()
. “
- 199 -
:
”
.
“
”
.
.
‘ ’ CCTV
,
.
. ,
24
‘’
. , CCTV
.
()
CCTV
.
CCTV
.
. .
. ()
. .
CCTV
.
… [2014.04.15,
()].
CCTV .
.
. .
.
.
[2014.04.06, ()].
.
. ,
.
,
.
, ,
, ,
. ,
.
,
.
.
.
- 200 -
, ,
.
-
.
,
.
. ,
.
.
. ,
.
. ,
.
, CCTV
.
.
.
,” 201, 10(4), 71-106.
, 2012, “
,” , 46(4), 96-136.
, 2009, “ ,”
, 82, 213-247.
, 43(1), 181-236.
·, 2006, “
,” , 23(1),
35-72.
,” , 11, 81-107.
, 2008, “
,” , 15, 40-63.
, 2009, “
,” , 69-91.
,” , 24(1),
115-144.
,” , 23, 2007.
, 2003, “ ,”
, 14, 251-278.
,” , .
, 2005, “
,”
- 201 -
:
, .
, 27(2), 121-153.
,” , 43(6),
894-913.
Akalin, A., 2007, Hired as a Caregiver, Demanded as a
Housewife Becoming a Migrant Domestic Work-
er in Turkey, European Journal of Women’s Studies,
14(3), 209-225.
Demand for Migrant Domestic Workers, Euro-
pean Journal of Women’s Studies, 14(3), 247-264.
Arnado, J. M., 2013, Maternalism in mistress-maid rela-
tions: The Philippine experience, Journal of inter-
national Women’s Studies, 4(3), 154-177.
Hochschild, A. R., 2000, Global care chains and emo-
tional surplus value, in Giddens, A. and Hutton,
W., On the edge: Living with global capitalism,
Jonathan Cape, London, 130-146.
zones: The micropolitics of employing migrant
domestic workers, Social Problems, 50(4), 525-549.
Parreñas, R. S., 2001, Servants of globalization: Women,
migration and domestic work, Stanford University
Press, Redwood City, CA.
274.
(:
[email protected])
phy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea (e-mail:
[email protected])
2015. 3. 4
2015. 4. 10
2015. 4. 11
: 2005 2012
*
The Changes of Urban System Reflected in Daily Movement:
2005-2012
Seungho Son*
: .
,
. 2012 ,
.
.
.
.
.
, .
- .
: , , , ,
Abstract : This paper examined the changes of urban system through
the network and the f low pattern reected in daily movement in
Korea. Because daily movement reects trip pattern, urban system
formed by inter-city linkages can be recognized in terms of living
sphere. While population movements between cities have the number
of linkage systems of city network and the number of traffic
regions composed of the origin and destination has increased
respectively. Nevertheless, spatial extent of Capital region and
Busan region has been expanded. In Gangwon-do in which
Seoul-oriented high-speed transportation network has developed,
separation of living sphere between Yeongdong area and the
Soyanggang cultural region formed around Chuncheon was intensified.
Living sphere that includes Daejeon and the surrounding cities has
been expanded to the southern Gyeonggi-do. e existing living sphere
formed in Jeollanam-do was fragmented into the east and west around
Mokpo and Suncheon due to the weakened centrality of Gwangju.
Living spheres formed by spatial interaction were consistent with
regional administrative boundary. Considering the increased
interaction between Seoul and its surrounding cities, the
development of global city-region centered on Seoul is
expected.
Key Words : person trip, urban system, regional linkage system, ow
pattern, network city
* (Lecturer, Department of Geography Education, Korea University),
[email protected]
- 204 -
.
.
,
.
(,
1989).
,
.
,
.
.
(, 2011; , 2012).
,
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(, 2009).
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.
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13
.
(
, 2009).
,
,
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(Ma et al., 2012).
(world city thesis, WCT)
. , Ma et al.(2012)
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.
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2007, 96),
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,” , 5(2), 33-49.
·, 2013, “
,” , 16(3), 27-
39.
, 2009,
.
, 2000, “
Ayeni, B., 1979, Spatial interaction in the urban system,
concepts and techniques in urban analysis, Croom
Helm, London, UK.
313-327.
Florida, R., Gulden, T., and Mellander, C., 2008. e rise
of the mega-region, Cambridge Journal of Regions,
Economy and Society, 1(3), 459-476.
Ma, X., and Timberlake, M., 2012, World city typologies
and national city system deterritorialisation: USA,
China, and Japan, Urban Studies, 50(2), 255-275.
Marull, J., Font, C., and Biox, R., 2015, Modelling urban
networks at mega-regional scale: Are increasingly
complex urban systems sustainable?, Land Use
Policy, 43, 15-27.
Trullén, J., Boix, R., and Galletto, V., 2013. An insight on
the unit of analysis in urban research, in Kresl,
P.K., Sobrino, J.(Eds.), Handbook of research meth-
ods and applications in urban economies, Edward
Elgar, Northampton, MA, 235-264.
(: sonsh@korea.
Education, College of Education, Korea University, 145
Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea (e-mail:
[email protected])
: ‘ ’
*
Tourist Photography as Representation and Performance: Focused on
Rubber Duck Project Seoul
Jeongjoon Oh*
: ‘’, ‘’, ‘’, ‘’ ,
. ,
, .
.
. ‘
’ , ‘ ’ ,
‘’ . ‘’ ‘’ , ,
. ‘’
. ‘’ .
: , , ,
Abstract : Seokchon Lake, and the area surrounding it, have become
symbolic with an environment of ‘peace’, ‘delight’, ‘happiness’,
and ‘healing’ due to the large oating yellow rubber duck which sits
within the lake. There exists, however, a hidden intention of a
large corporation who wishes to make benefit of this installation
and its healing properties. Nevertheless, the lake has become a hot
destination for people to come and see the rubber duck and take
romantic photos with it. The photographs taken and shared further
expand the popularity and romantic environment of the duck and
lake. is process is a perfectly hermeneutic circle. Self or group
mediation through photographic performances with the rubber duck
has allowed the lake to take on new meaning to visitors. For
families taking photos together it has become a place of family
bonding and love while for couples of any age it has been
transformed into a place to express their love through pictures
together with the duck. Even for selfie generation it has become a
destination and muse. Tourists are not merely written upon, but are
also enacting and inscribing places with their own stories.
Therefore, photographic performances produce rather than consume
and ref lect geography of Seokchon lake.
Key Words : tourist photography, representation, hermeneutic
circle, performance
2012 .
* (Associate Professor, Department of Geography Education, Daegu
University),
[email protected]
- 218 -
241). ,1)
(ritual) ,2)
3)
.
(Urry,
1990).
( ) (
, 1998),
(Shaw and Williams, 1994),
()
,
(Feifer, 1985)
‘(modernity)’
.
,
( , 2005)
.
.
,
(Haldrup and
Larsen, 2003; Larsen, 2008),
.
(Lo et al., 2011, 725),
(modern twins)
.
. ‘ .
(You Press the Button,
We do the Rest)’ .5)
,
(Urry and Larsen, 2011),
.
. Sontag
( , 2005),
(superficial activity)
(Lo et al., 2011).
,
(Stylianou-Lambert, 2012, 1820).
() ,
.
. (performance turn)
.
,
,
(Larsen,
2005).
,
.
,
.
,
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’
. ‘ ’6)
,
.
- 219 -
.
8 14.
,
.
‘D’ ‘
’ , (2014
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2014 10 7 12 22
. 4,300,
30,900, 146,499 , 20
620, 620,
620 .
.
2.
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, , , ,
.
,
.
(representation) (hermeneutic
(Larsen, 2006; Stylianou-Lambert, 2012).
.
,
.
.
Sontag .
,
.
‘ ’,
.
,
.
‘ ’ ,
‘ ’
( , 2005). ‘’ ‘’
.
(reality)
,
.
,
‘ ’
(Larsen, 2006). Sontag
,
.
‘’ ,
Relph (
, 2005; Larsen, 2006). Sontag Relph
,
,
‘’ ‘’ ‘’, ‘’
.
gaze)’ Foucault ,
- 220 -
. ,
, ,
, ,
(
, 2000). ,
.
,
.
. ,
,
.
,
.
.7) ,
, .
‘
(romantic gaze)’,
‘ (collective gaze)’8)
(Urry, 2002).
. Sontag Relph ,
.
(mediascape) ,
(Urry, 1990).
‘(circle)’ .
Albers and James(1988) Urry(2002) ‘
(hermeneutic circle)’, Jenkins(2003) ‘
(the circle of representation)’
. Albers and James(1988)
(snapshots)
, Urry(2002)
TV
(brochure) ,
,
.
, ‘
(I’ve been there)’
. < 1> ()
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
(Jenkins, 2003).
,
, .
() ()
. ,
(tourism) (sightseeing),9) ‘
(a ritual of quotation)’ (Osborne 2000).
.
‘ ’ ‘ (vicious
hermeneutic circle)’
1.
: Hall, 1997, Jenkins, 2003
- 221 -
.10)
, ‘ , ’
.
‘ ’,
‘’ .
(dematerialised),
, ‘ ’
‘ (lifeless
tourists)’, ‘ (eventless events)’,
‘ (dead geographies)’
(Larsen, 2006, 249).
. , ,
. Carlson(1996) ‘
(essentially contested nature)’
(Larsen, 2005
). ‘’
‘’
, ‘’
.
‘’ ‘’
.
Haldrup and
Larsen(2010). 1990
.11) , , , ,
, , , , ,
,
‘ ’ .
Larsen(2012) ‘ ’
, (tourism)
(sightseeing)
.
.
(cultural consumer) ,
producer) (Stylianou-Lambert,
,
Haldrup and Larsen
‘(turn)’ .12)
20
, ()
1950 . Goffman
‘ (e presentation of self in
everyday life)’
(dramaturgy) , Park
(person) (mask)
( , 1987).
(performed character),
(being-in-the-world)
,
(Larsen, 2005, 418).
,
, , .
(front stage)
(back stage)
(Larsen, 2005, 418).
() .
, , (enact)
( , 2008),
(practice) (embodiment)
.
(theater) ,
(actor), (stage), (choreograph),
- 222 -
(Edensor, 2000).
Goffman
(Urry and
Larsen, 2011).
(stage)’ Goffman , ‘(script)’
Butler(1993) . Butler (performa-
‘’ ‘ ’
Goffman , ‘()’ ‘
(power’s social script) ’
(Gregson and Rose, 2000; Larsen, 2005
).
,
, ‘’
. Butler
()
‘
’ (Butler, 1993; Larsen, 2005
).
‘’ ‘’
‘(practice)’ .
,
( , 2013),
, , , , ,
, , ‘(non-
representational)’ ‘ (more-than-
. Thrift Butler
. Butler
,
(Larsen,
2005, 419). rift(1997) Butler(1993)
(coded performances) (),
(prerepresentational)
,
(Thrift, 2000; Larsen, 2005 ).
,
, (nonhumans)
(affordance) ,
(physicality)
,
(non-human components)
(Haldrup and Larsen, 2010 ).
Goffman, Butler, Thrift
,
Larsen Edensor
. Larsen ‘
(choreograph)’ ‘(audience)’. Goman
Thrift ,
‘’ . ,
rift ‘ (presocial conceptualiza-
tion)’ , ,
, ,
, , .
Butler ,
(performativity)
(Larsen, 2005).
(Tourist bodies are simultaneously
preformed and performing)’
(Larsen, 2005, 421).
,
.
,
,
- 223 -
,
.
, ,
,
,
.
() ()
, ‘
, (impressions)
, ‘ ’
‘’
‘’ Larsen (Larsen,
2005, 421).
, ‘ ’
. (blueprint),
.
, (creativity)
.
‘ ’ ,
‘ ’
. ‘’, ‘’
.
,
.
Edensor ‘’ ‘’
. ‘
(carefully stage-managed spaces)’
,
,
(Edensor, 2001).
,
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) () ,
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(Edensor, 2001).
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1) ‘ ’ ,
(lotte duck)
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, , 20
1 ,
- 224 -
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(imaginative geographies)
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(Shields 1990; Coleman
and Crang, 2002; Bærenholdt et al., 2004; Stylianou-
Lambert, 2012). .
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Urry and Larsen, 2011).
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Lambert, 2012).
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