TECHNICAL REPORT

DET NORSKE VERITAS

JOTUN AS

BALLAST TANK COATING TEST OF 2 * 160 µM JOTACOTE UNIVERSAL (PAINT 1) ON MUKI Z 2001

SHOP PRIMER

REPORT NO. BGN-R2706474 REVISION NO. 01

DET NORSKE VERITAS

TECHNICAL REPORT

Head Office: Veritasvn. 1, N-1322 HØVIK, Norway aacaaeh3.doc

DET NORSKE VERITAS AS REGION NORDIC COUNTRIES Failure Investigation & Corrosion Mng. Johan Berentsens vei 109-111, P.O. Box 7400, N-5020 Bergen, Norway Tel: +47 55 94 36 00 Fax: +47 55 94 36 02 http://www.dnv.com Org. No: NO 945 748 931 MVA

Date of first issue: Project No.:2007-06-20 74527197 Approved by: Organisational unit:Hans-Erik Berge Head of Section

Failure Investigation & Corrosion Mng.

Client: Client ref.:Jotun AS Petter Mathisen

Summary:

The coating system, 2 * 160 µm Jotacote Universal (Paint 1) from Jotun A/S, applied to Muki Z 2001 zinc silicate shop primed panels has been tested in accordance with the IMO Performance Standard for protective Coatings /1/ and the DNV standard, Testing and Classification of Ballast Tank Coatings, rev. 4 /2/. The coating was applied after 2 months weathering of the shop primer.

The results from the testing show that Jotacote Universal (Paint 1) from Jotun A/S has passed all the requirements given in the Performance Standard for Protective Coatings /1/.

Report No.: Subject Group:BGN-R2706474 E7 Indexing terms Report title: Key words Service Area

Market Sector

Ballast tank coating test of 2 * 160 µm Jotacote Universal (Paint 1) on Muki Z 2001 shop primer

Coatings

Work carried out by: Birgith Schei

Work verified by: Linda Bolstad

Date of this revision: Rev. No.: Number of pages:2007-06-20 01 10

No distribution without permission from the client or responsible organisational unit (however, free distribution for internal use within DNV after 3 years)

No distribution without permission from the client or responsible organisational unit.

Strictly confidential Unrestricted distribution

© 2002 Det Norske Veritas AS All rights reserved. This publication or parts thereof may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying or recording, without the prior written consent of Det Norske Veritas AS.

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TECHNICAL REPORT

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Table of Content Page

1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1

2 SCOPE OF WORK...................................................................................................... 1

3 WORK CARRIED OUT PRIOR TO EXPOSURE..................................................... 1 3.1 Identification 1 3.2 Surface preparation 2 3.3 Application 2 3.3.1 Application procedure 2 3.3.2 Coding 4 3.4 Dry film thickness 5 3.5 Pin hole detection 7

4 EXPOSURE ................................................................................................................. 7

5 TESTS CARRIED OUT AFTER EXPOSURE........................................................... 7

6 TEST RESULTS.......................................................................................................... 8

7 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................... 10

8 REFERENCES........................................................................................................... 10

Appendix A Environmental data - weathering of shop primed panels Appendix B Detailed test results Appendix C Photo documentation

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Report No: BGN-R2706474, rev. 01

TECHNICAL REPORT

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1 INTRODUCTION The coating system, Jotacote Universal (Paint 1) from Jotun A/S, applied to Muki Z 2001 zinc silicate shop primed panels has been tested in accordance with the IMO Performance Standard for Protective Coatings /1/ and the DNV standard, Testing and Classification of Ballast Tank Coatings, rev. 4 /2/. The coating was applied after 2 months weathering of the shop primer with the exposure conditions as given in Appendix A.

2 SCOPE OF WORK The following work and tests have been performed: • Identification of the coating system • Film thickness measurements and pin hole detection on panels before testing • 180 days testing in condensation chamber • 180 days testing in wave tank • Evaluation of results after testing, including blister detection, undercutting from scribe,

adhesion and coating flexibility • Evaluation of cathodic protection during testing (wave tank)

3 WORK CARRIED OUT PRIOR TO EXPOSURE

3.1 Identification The coating system was identified by infrared scanning (by means of a Perkin Elmer FTIR Spectrometer Paragon 1000), by determination of specific gravity (according to ISO 2811 -1 /3/ by means of a Erichsen Mod. 290/1 Pyknometer) and by determination of volatile/non-volatile content (according to ISO 3251 /4/).

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3.2 Surface preparation Surface preparation was carried out according to the data given in Table 1.

Table 1 Surface preparation data

Surface preparation date May 2006

The prepared panels were stored at ambient in- door conditions until use

Surface preparation method Blast cleaning

Blasting standard Sa 2 ½

Abrasive used AlSil A3+ steel shot

Roughness (µm) Rmax 50 -75

Water soluble salts 35 mg / m2 Spot check performed on 1 out of approximately 100 panels produced at the same time

Dust and abrasive inclusions No dust or abrasive inclusions observed by visual examination.

3.3 Application 3.3.1 Application procedure MUKI Z 2001 zinc silicate shop primer was applied to the blast cleaned panels according to the data given in Table 2. The shop primed panels were then exposed out-door for 2 months. The environmental data for the exposure period is given in Appendix A.

Two coats (specified dry film thickness 160 μm per coat) of Jotacote Universal (Paint 1) were applied to the weathered and cleaned zinc silicate shop primed panels. The application data are given in Table 2.

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Table 2 Application data

Coating data: Shop primer 1st coat 2nd coat

Paint system: Muki Z 2001 red

Jotacote Universal (Paint 1) Al Grey

Jotacote Universal (Paint 1) Buff

Manufacturer: Jotun A/S

Date 30.06.06 11.09.06 12.09.06 Time 12:00 10:00 10:00 Batch No. curing agent

A: 196122399 JCU-S-32.03-66 JCU-S-32.03-66

Batch No. base B: 186122685 JCU-S-32.03-66 JCU-S-32.03-66 Thinner name (if used)

NA Thinner No. 17 Thinner No. 17

Batch No. thinner(if used)

NA Not given Not given

Equipment used Graco King 68:1

Graco King 68:1 Graco King 68:1

Air pressure (bar) 100 170 170 Size nozzle (inches) 0.021 0.021 0.021

Fan width (º) 60 60 60

Mix. ratio (volume) A: B = 10 : 6.75

3:1 3:1

Volume solid (volume)

28 ± 2 72 72

Wet film thickness (µ) 55-70 275 250 - 325 Dry film thickness (µ) 15-25 See Table 3 See Table 4 Thinner (%) 0 2.5 2.5 Air temperature (ºC) 26 21 22 Humidity (% RH) 42 60 60 Steel temp. (ºC) 25 21 22 Dew point (ºC) 11.5 16 17 Present at application of shop primer: Jan Erik Fløysand – D&F Group (painter), Birgith Schei – DNV

Present at application of Jotacote Universal (Paint 1): Petter Mathisen - Jotun A/S, Jan Erik Fløysand - D&F Group, Birgith Schei – DNV.

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3.3.2 Coding The panels were coded as shown in Figure 1.

J19ZC1 J19ZC2 J19ZR

J19ZW1 J19ZW2 J19ZW3 J19ZW4

Wave tank panel

Scribe Scribe Scribe Anode

Holiday

J19ZW5

Fig. 1 Coding

Condensation chamber

Reference panel

J19 - DNV codeZinc shop primed

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3.4 Dry film thickness The dry film thickness measurements were carried out by means of an Elcometer 456 dry film thickness unit before testing. Templates, as given in Fig. 1, were used for the measurements. The results from the measurements are given in Table 3 and 4.

Figure C-1 Thickness measurement locations

1 2 3

4 5

7

6

8 9

Panel no.

Measurement no.

The condensation chamber and the reference panels

1 2 3

5 6

7 8 9

10 11 12 The wave tank panels

Panel no.

4

13 14 15

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Table 3 DFT, 1st coat – Jotacote Universal (Paint 1) (J19Z) 20 µm subtracted for shop primed substrate

Panel no. Measurement ZW1 ZW2 ZW3 ZW4 ZW5 ZC1 ZC2 ZR Total

1 98 140 112 140 152 146 108 128 2 104 160 148 182 160 142 124 156 3 66 126 128 102 110 172 120 110 4 64 150 130 152 142 160 110 134 5 100 166 154 192 146 138 150 144 6 72 130 92 152 120 146 134 128 7 96 124 112 144 146 8 96 160 96 168 148 9 96 116 108 148 116

10 120 118 134 122 158 11 128 156 142 164 170 12 92 126 104 126 130 13 14 15

Max 128 166 154 192 170 172 150 156 192Min 64 116 92 102 110 138 108 110 64Average 94 139 122 149 142 151 124 133 131StDev 19 18 21 25 19 13 16 16 26

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Table 4 DFT, total coat – Jotacote Universal (Paint 1) (J19Z) 20 µm subtracted for shop primed substrate

Panel no Measurement ZW1 ZW2 ZW3 ZW4 ZW5 ZC1 ZC2 ZR Total

1 320 320 318 320 334 332 320 322 2 368 328 374 368 374 312 332 338 3 320 321 334 320 342 334 324 322 4 328 344 318 322 318 366 326 364 5 376 358 374 358 372 380 346 372 6 320 321 312 320 348 352 320 404 7 330 338 346 320 324 372 322 320 8 376 352 384 322 356 356 320 324 9 322 321 322 320 328 346 320 321

10 380 325 338 356 320 11 418 344 408 320 364 12 336 306 312 324 312 13 344 330 338 326 326 14 382 338 396 324 344 15 354 320 352 350 320

Max 418 358 408 368 374 380 346 404 418Min 320 306 312 320 312 312 320 320 306Average 352 331 348 331 339 350 326 343 340StDev 30 14 32 17 20 22 9 30 24

3.5 Pin hole detection Pin hole detection was performed on the coated test panels before testing. The detection was carried out by means of an Elcometer 269 Pinhole detector at 90 volts.

4 EXPOSURE The testing was carried out according to the IMO Performance Standard for Protective Coatings /1/ and the DNV standard, Testing and Classification of Ballast Tank Coatings, rev. 4 /2/. The testing was started 02.10.06 and terminated 02.04.07.

5 TESTS CARRIED OUT AFTER EXPOSURE Evaluation of blisters and rust, adhesion, undercutting from scribe and flexibility was carried out according to specifications and standards referred to in the IMO Performance Standard /1/.

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Report No: BGN-R2706474, rev. 01

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6 TEST RESULTS The results of the product identification are given in Table 5.

The results of the examination of the coated test panels are schematically given in Table 6 and more detailed in Appendix B. Pictures of the panels after exposure are enclosed as Appendix C.

Table 5 Results of analyses (Product identification)

Product Batch no. IR identification

(main components)

Specific gravity (g/cm3)

Volatile / non-volatile components

(% by weight) Muki Z 2001, part A 196122399 Ethyl silicate 0.91 72.4/27.6 Muki Z 2001, part B 186122685 NA* 2.10 25.9/74.1 Jotacote Universal (S) (Paint 1) Al Grey, base JCU-S-32.03-66 Epoxy 1.46 11.9/88.1

Jotacote Universal (S) (Paint 1) Al hardener JCU-S-32.03-66 Amine/amide 0.97 33.3/66.7

Jotacote Universal (S) (Paint 1) Buff, base JCU-S-32.03-66 Epoxy 1.50 12.8/87.2

* Identified and spectres stored. No generic correlation to the spectres in the DNV data base found.

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Table 6 Results of examination of the coated test samples Test parameter Acceptance

criteria Test results Passed / failed

Pin holes (no) No pinholes 0 Passed Blisters and rust (all panels) No blisters or rust 0 Passed Adhesion values (MPa) – average wave tank top panel (MPa) 1)

>3.5 adhesive failure

≥ 3.0 cohesive failure

7 ≈ 40 % adhesive /

60 % cohesive

Passed

Adhesion values (MPa) – average condensation chamber panels 1)

>3.5 adhesive failure

≥ 3.0 cohesive failure

6 ≈ 25 % adhesive /

75 % cohesive

Passed

Corrosion creep from scribe (mm) - average maximum values wave tank panels 2)

< 8 3 Passed

Cathodic disbondment (mm) – Wave tank bottom panel

< 8 6 Passed

Current demand (mA/m2) – bottom panel

< 5 2 Passed

U-beam No degradation ( defects, cracking or detachment at

the angle or weld)

No degradation Passed

1) Confer Table B-2 for details. 2) Evaluated by scraping with a knife. Confer the detailed results in Table B-3.

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7 CONCLUSION The results from the testing show that Jotacote Universal (Paint 1) from Jotun A/S has passed all the requirements given in the Performance Standard for Protective Coatings /1/.

8 REFERENCES

/1/ MSC 215 (82) :2006 Performance Standard for Protective Coatings for dedicated sea water ballast tanks in all types of ships and double-side skin spaces of bulk carriers

/2/ DNV - Testing and classification of ballast tank coatings - revision 4, 2007

/3/ ISO 2811-1, 1997 – Determination of density

/4/ ISO 3251, 2003 – Determination of non-volatile-matter content

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Page A-1 Report No. BGN-R2706474, rev. 01

APPENDIX A

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA - WEATHERING OF SHOP PRIMED PANELS

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Page A-2 Report No. BGN-R2706474, rev. 01

Weathering of shop primed panels were carried out from 01.07.06 to 21.08.06

Warmer than normal

Colder than normal

Day precipitaion

Day temperature

Air temperature ºC Precipitation (mm)

Air temperature ºC

Warmer than normal

Colder than normal

Day temperature

Day precipitaion

Precipitation (mm)

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Page B-1 Report No. BGN-R2706474, rev. 01

APPENDIX B

DETAILED TEST RESULTS

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Page B-2 Report No. BGN-R2706474, rev. 01

Table B-1 Development of blisters and rust after exposure

Code Description Blister size

Blister density

Rust Other defects

J19ZW1 Top wave tank panel with scribe 0 0 0 0

J19ZW2 Bottom wave tank panel with anode 0 0 0 0

J19ZW3 Side wave tank panel with scribe and U-beam

Cooling 0 0 0

0

J19ZW4 Side wave tank panel with scribe and U-beam

No cooling 0 0 0

0

J19ZW5 Panel exposed to air at 70 ºC (heating chamber) 0 0 0 0

J19ZC1 Condensation chamber 0 0 0 0

J19ZC2 Condensation chamber 0 0 0 0

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Table B-2 Results of the Pull-off Test (adhesion values in MPa)

Panel no. Test no.

Adhesion strength (MPa)

Fracture Average adhesion strength (MPa)

1 6 20 % B, 20 % C, 40 % C/D, 10 % D, 10 % -/Y

2 7 15 % B, 15 % C, 50 % C/D, 10 % D, 10 % -/Y

3 7 10 % B, 10 % C, 60 % C/D, 10 % D, 10 % -/Y

4 5 20 % B, 25 % C, 35 % C/D, 10 % D, 10 % -/Y

5 6 20 % B, 20 % C, 40 % C/D, 10 % D, 10 % -/Y

Top wave tank panel

J19ZW1

6 8 10 % B, 30 % C, 40 % C/D, 10 % D, 10 % -/Y

7

1 6 5 % B, 55 % C, 20 % C/D, 20 % D

2 6 5 % B, 45 % C, 30 % C/D, 20 % D

Condensation chamber panel

J19ZC1

3 6 30 % B, 30 % C, 10 % C/D, 20 % D, 10 % -/Y

1 6 5 % B, 40 % C, 15 % C/D, 20 % D, 10 % -/Y

2 6 2 % B, 13 % C, 55 % C/D, 30 % D

Condensation chamber panel

J19ZC2

3 6 10 % B, 20 % C, 30 % C/D, 40 % D

6

1 9 5 % B, 25 % C, 30 % B/C, 30 % D, 10 % -/Y

2 8 5 % C, 70 % C/D, 25 % D

3 7 50 % C/D, 50 % D

4 9 5 % B, 35 % C, 30 % C/D, 20 % D, 10 % -/Y

5 8 5 % B, 15 % C, 60 % C/D, 20 % D

Reference panel (not exposed) J19ZR (measurements carried out approximately 1 month after application) 6 7 5 % C, 45 % C/D, 50 % D

8

A/B Fracture between the steel surface and 1st coat (shop primer).

B Fracture in the 1st coat.

B/C Fracture between the 1st and 2nd coat.

C Fracture in the 2nd coat.

C/D Fracture between the 2nd and 3rd coat.

D Fracture in the 3rd coat

-/Y Fracture between the outer coat and the glue.

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Table B-3 Results of physical testing

Panel Corrosion creep from scribe (mm)*

Flexibility** Comment

Top wave tank panel

J19ZW1 6.2 300 mm ≤ 1. % elongation

Cooled side wave tank panel

J19ZW3 1.0 NA

Not cooled side wave tank panel

J19ZW4 1.5 NA

Reference panel (not exposed) J19ZR Not applicable 150 mm ≤ 2 % elongation

* Evaluated by scraping with knife.

** Flexibility: Maximum diameter of mandrel for which any cracking in the coating occurs. The diameter of the mandrels used is 300 mm, 150 mm, 75 mm and 40 mm which respectively correspond to 1, 2, 4 and 7.5 % elongation

Table B-4 Results of Cathodic Protection (CP).

Panel Cathodic disbondment

(mm)

Blisters / rust Zinc anode

weight loss (g)

Current demand

(mA/ m2)

J19ZW2 ≈ 6 0 0.6936 1.87

Exposure time: 120 days (Total time 180 days. Each cycle consists of 2 weeks seawater immersion and 1 week exposure in air)

Utilisation factor: 0.8

Consumption rate for Zn-anodes: 11.3 kg/A year

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APPENDIX C

PHOTO DOCUMENTATION

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Figure C1: The corrosion creep from scribe after exposure – The wave tank top panel, S19ZW1

Figure C2: The corrosion creep from scribe after exposure – The wave tank cooled side panel, J19ZW3

Figure C3: The corrosion creep from scribe after exposure – The wave tank un-cooled side panel, J19ZW4

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Figure C4: The cathodic disbondment after exposure – The wave tank bottom panel, J19ZW2

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Figure C5: Adhesion test no. 1 on the wave tank top panel, J19ZW1 after exposure Figure C6: Adhesion test no. 2 on the wave tank top panel, J19ZW1 after exposure Figure C7: Adhesion test no. 3 on the wave tank top panel, J19ZW1 after exposure

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Figure C8: Adhesion test no. 4 on the wave tank top panel, J19ZW1 after exposure Figure C9: Adhesion test no. 5 on the wave tank top panel, J19ZW1 after exposure Figure C10: Adhesion test no. 6 on the wave tank top panel, J19ZW1 after exposure

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Fig. C11 Adhesion test no. 1 on the condensation chamber panel, J19ZC1 after exposure Fig. C12 Adhesion test no. 2 on the condensation chamber panel, J19ZC1 after exposure Fig. C13 Adhesion test no. 3 on the condensation chamber panel, J19ZC1 after exposure

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Fig. C14 Adhesion test no. 1 on the condensation chamber panel, J19ZC2 after exposure Fig. C15 Adhesion test no. 2 on the condensation chamber panel, J19ZC2 after exposure Fig. C16 Adhesion test no. 3 on the condensation chamber panel, J19ZC2 after exposure

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Figure C17: Adhesion test no.1 on the unexposed reference panel, J19ZR

Figure C18: Adhesion test no.2 on the unexposed reference panel, J19ZR

Figure C19: Adhesion test no. 3 on the unexposed reference panel, J19ZR

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Figure C20: Adhesion test no. 4 on the unexposed reference panel, J19ZR

Figure C21: Adhesion test no. 5 on the unexposed reference panel, J19ZR

Figure C22 Adhesion test no. 6 on the unexposed reference panel, J19ZR