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John Dalton

(1766-1844)Daniel Clark,

Hazel Wertz, Cody Fletcher,

Brooke Bailey

Dalton’s Theory� He proposed the atomic theory in 1803

which stated that all matter was composed of small indivisible particles called atoms.

� Atoms of a given element possess unique characteristics and weight

� The three types of atoms are:

� Simple� Compound� complex.

5 steps of Daltons Theory� All matter consists of tiny particles� Atoms are indestructible and

unchangeable� Elements are characterized by the mass

of the atom� When elements react there atom

combine in simple whole number ratios� When elements react there atoms

sometimes combine into more then one simple whole number ratio

John Dalton

� Daltons core theory that chemical

reactions can form and separate atoms and that teach atom has a characteristic property is the foundation of modern

physical science.

Model of Atom

� This is what Dalton believed the atom

looked like.

Daltons Experiments

� He performed a series of experiments on

mixtures of gases to determine what effect properties of the individual gases had on the properties of the mixture as a

whole.

� He then developed the hypothesis that the sizes of the particles making up different gases must be different.

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Works Cited� http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?title=John_Dal

ton_s_Atomic_Theory&video_id=228303

� http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/the-path-to-the-periodic-table/dalton.aspx

� http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/atoms/dalton.shtml

� http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/composition/dalton.html

� http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Dalton.ht

ml Kennedy Benjamin

John Cook

Javon Davis

Britni Gardner

Born: December 18, 1856Manchester UK

Died: August 30,1940

Nobel Prize in Physics

Known for the discovery of electron and isotopes

Joseph John Thomson

� He discovered a method for separating different kinds of atoms and molecules by the use of positive rays. First to suggest that the fundamental unit was

over 1000 times smaller than an atom

Discovery

� A cathode ray tube is a fluorescent glow caused by a glass tube the has wires inserted in both ends. When air is pumped through, an electric charge is produced that causes the glow.

�He discovered electrons

Cathode Ray Tube

“J.J Thomson first experiment was to build a cathode ray tube with a metal cylinder on the end. This cylinder had two slits in it, leading to electrometers, which could measure small electric charges.

In 1897, he found that by applying a magnetic field across the tube, there was no activity recorded by the electrometers and so the charge had been bent away by the magnet. This proved that the negative charge and the ray were inseparable and intertwined.

http://www.experiment-resources.com/cathode-ray-experiment.html

Theory Nickname

Plum Pudding due to the dots that surrounded the plum. This reminded him of the atoms

JJ Thomson's 'Plum Pudding Model' of the atom, a sphere of positive charge containing electrons

http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=IdTxGJjA4Jw

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� Google Images� Wikipedia

� Google

References

� Youtube

Ernest Rutherford

Sophia Lautieri

Carl Watkins

Danny Martinez

Birthday and Important Dates:

Born: August 30, 1871

Death: October 19, 1937

Important Dates:

He was awarded a University scholarship in 1889 and

proceeded to the University of New Zealand, Wellington,

where he attended Canterbury college.

In 1897 he was awarded the B.A Research Degree and the

Coutts-Trotter Studentship of Trinity College.

His Experiments:

In New Zealand he performed experiments with

the magnetic properties of iron exposed to high

frequency rotations.

He also did experiments with high frequency

alternating currents.

The Rutherford Experiment:

The Rutherford Experiment: He tested the “plum pudding model” Which was a theory that envisioned matter

made up of atoms that were positively charged spheres spiked with electrons. He discovered the nucleus by performing

this experiment. Rutherford used a particle emitter to transmit positively charged alpha particles which hit the gold foil

inside the detecting screen and would bounce back to detector screen. He realized the rays did not go straight through and

therefore discovered there was something positive in the center.

Video:

http://www.dnatube.com/video/2810/Rutherfords-Experiment-Nuclear-Atom

Rutherford’s Atomic Model:

Nickname: The Nuclear Model

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Websites Used

www.nobelprize.com

www.biography.com

www.physicsrutgers.edu

www.dnatube.com

www.britannica.com{

Niels Bohr(October 7,1885 - November 18, 1962)

Melanie Lippert, Kevin Dorsey, Mikayla Salazar, Jeremy Mayo

� He got his Master’s degree in physics in 1909 and his Doctor’s degree in 1911

� In 1916 he was appointed Chair of Theoretical Physics at U. of Copenhagen

� In 1922 he won the Nobel Prize in physics for his atomic structure

� In 1957 he received the first U.S. Atoms for Peace Award

Niels Bohr

� Quantum theory: Electrons travel in discrete orbit around the atoms nucleus

� Liquid Droplet theory: A liquid drop would give a very good picture of the nucleus permitted the understanding of the mechanism of nuclear fission

� You can’t move an electron a little bit, it must be moved a lot to keep it in the same order

� Uranium Isotope Fission Theory- he concluded that rare Uranium isotopes 235 were fissionable by slow neutrons while the common isotope 238 was not

Theories

� He did precise experiments on the vibrations of water jets as a way of determining surface tension

� He also sealed elemental gasses into cathode type tubes. He then electrified them, and each element fluoresced a different color. Knowing that light from the sun and from regular bulbs fluoresced white and formed a full spectrum when separated by a prism he separated the elemental light and was surprised because he only saw individual colored lines. The lines from each element were different and were like an identifying fingerprint. He called this line spectral analysis.

Experiments

� Main points of the Bohr Model:

• Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy. • The energy of the orbit is related to its size. The lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit.

• Radiation is absorbed or emitted when an electron moves from one orbit to another.

• Where electrons orbit the nucleus in specific orbits

• Model based on an earlier theory of Rutherford's.

Models

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� http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1922/bohr-bio.html

� www.cord.edu/faculty/ulnessd/legacy/fall2000/pfeifer/nielsbohr.htm

� http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/light/bohr.html

� http://chemistry.about.com/od/atomicstructure/a/bohr-model.htm

� http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2215635/Niels-Bohr-proposed-yet-another-modification-to-the-theory-of-

Sources

Daijha, Tyrell, Austin, Shelby

Erwin Schrödinger

-Born on August 12th 1887

-Born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary

-Nationality- Austrian, Irish

-Died on January 4th 1961

Background story

Gave a theoretical estimate of the probable height distribution of radioactive substances

The first publications of Schrödinger about atomic theory and the theory of spectra began to emerge only from the beginning of the 1920’s

In fall of 1922 he analyzed the electron orbits in an atom from a geometric point of view

He was awarded the 1920 Haytingera Prize of the Austrian Academy of science

Scientific Activities

In January 1926 he published In a paper on wave mechanics and was later known as the Schrödinger equation

Schrödinger presented another paper that solved the quantum harmonic

oscillator, the rigid rotor and the diatomic, and gave derivation of the Schrödinger equation

Creation of wave mechanics

He used lots of fancy quantum mechanic math.

His model can be thought of as the “quantum mechanic” model.

Big picture

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger

http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Schrodinger.html

http://www.nndb.com/people/308/000072092/

Sources :

B Y : T A Y L O R , R I C K Y , J O R D A N , N A T H O N

Werner Heisenberg

Born: December 5th 1901

Died: February 1st 1976

He died at 75 years old

Discoveries

• New theories in quantum mechanics about the behavior of electrons which agreed with the same result of previous experiment

• He is famous for his uncertainty principle (cannot know both exactly where electrons are and how fast there moving at the same time)

• He wrote plans for the first nuclear reactor in Germany

Model of Atom

An atom is composed of any

element that still retains a

characteristic of that element.

He thought electrons do not travel

near orbits. All electrons that

contain photons will then change

momentum and physics.

References

� http://the-history-of-the-atom.wikispaces.com/Werner+Heisenburg

� http://www.informationphilosopher.com/silutions/scientists/heisenburg

� http://books.google.com/books?id=XawKfCiHjJMC&pg=PA222&lpg=PA222&dq=werner's+model+of+an+atom&source=bl&ots=FPPyjv2Dh_&sig=zZ0TctIGUYbv8z-oWlTmwtAq2ms&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lVpsUMqyD-X30gHTwYCgAg&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=werner's%20model%20of%20an%20atom&f=false

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Atomic

TheoryBy:Mariah butler

• He had 5 parts to his atomic

theory (and they are…)

John Dalton

•This scientist said atoms are

invisible, like a billiard ball (you

cant see inside the, but you can

see them)

J.J. Thomson

• He found the

electron.

• This scientist used a

cathode ray tube

experiment.

•His model can be

thought of as the “Plum

Pudding” model.

Ernest Rutherford

• He also found the

nucleus.

• This scientist used

a gold foil

experiment .

Niels Bohr

• His model can

be thought of as

the “planetary”

model.

• This scientist

said electrons

move around in

orbits.

Erwin schrodinger

• He first used the word

orbitals to talk about where

electrons are located.

• This scientist used lots of

fancy quantum mechanic

math.

• His model can be thought of

as the “Quantum Mechanic”

model.

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Werner Heisenberg• This scientists model can

be thought of as the

“Electron Cloud” model.

• He has an uncertainty

principle.

James Chadwick

•The characters last name Neutron is the real scientists most famous

discovery.

•This scientist discovered

the neutron.

•Can you guess

the child cartoon

with some of his

similarities?

•Jimmy neutron

or James Isaac

neutron, a child

scientist /genius.

•The characters first name is the same as the real scientists and the

characters middle name Isaac sounds similar to Chadwick