John Dalton (1766 – 1844)

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

J. J. Thomson (1856 – 1940)

Cathode Ray Tube

Blueberry Muffin Model

Ernest Rutherford (1871 – 1937)

Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment

Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment

Rutherford’s Atom

Standard Atomic Notation

Standard Atomic Notation

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Heinrich Hertz

Photoelectric Effect

Max Planck

Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)

Emission Spectra

Continuous vs. Line Spectrum

Niels Bohr (1885 – 1962)

Carbon Atom

Line Spectrum for Hydrogen

Electron Transition of Hydrogen

Potential Energy of Energy Levels

Erwin Schrodinger (1887-1961)

Louis de Broglie (1892-1987)

Standing Wave

The Hydrogen Electron as a Standing Wave Around the Nucleus

Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976)

Probability Distribution of Hydrogen’s 1s orbital

Secondary Quantum Number (l)

Magnetic Quantum Number

1s, 2s, 3s orbitals

p orbitals

d orbitals

f orbitals

Periodic Table

Quantum Numbers

Energies of Orbitals relative to each other

Spin Quantum Number, ms

Periodic Table

Relative Energies of electron orbitals

Aufbau Principle

Electron Configuration of Cr and Cu

Orbital designation of the Periodic Table

Magnetic Domains

Magnetic Domains

Laser

Laser Pointers

Bose-Einstein Condensate

(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) MRI

(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) MRI

Buckyball

Nanotube

Nanomachine/Nanobots