PED O4INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Jenie M. Castelo

BSED FILIPINO II-A

MARRIONETTES OR STRING PUPPETS

Puppets is a special dramatization employing puppets or doll-like figures of human or animal forms which are operated mechanically or by hand. The operator speaks for the puppet. Puppets can be in the form of marionettes, hand puppets or stick puppets.

*Drama experiences should involve warm-ups like simple body exercises or role internalizations.

• It is better if drama activities are schedule in the morning when students are more attentive.

*focus drama in the classroom, so that there is ease in shifting to the class activities

Advantages*Drama can improve vocabulary and reading

comprehension.*Dramatizations provide for the development of

intelligences like linguistic and bodily-kinesthetic which could not enhanced through ordinary pen-and-paper test.

*Drama could also develop skills in acquiring a foreign language.

*Drama can stir the learner’s creativity and imagination.

• Drama could be helpful in teaching attitude areas including trust, self-acceptance, acceptance of others, and empowerment.

• The dramatizations could present a large chunk of concepts within a short time.

Limitations

*Dramatizations require a great deal of money and labor.

*Content may get out of context if role playing is for older students.

Utilization guidelines*The teacher should introduce dramatization carefully

and see to it that the class takes it seriously.

*Choose characters as appropriately as possible.* There should be follow-up discussion after the

dramatization.*The teacher must keep control of situations to provide

continuity of the activity. However, student’s ideas should be considered, while providing them with correct answers.

*Emphasize to the class the appropriate actions, expressions, voice, and interpretation rather than clothing and scenery.

*Teach students some routines for work. For example, if the teachers raises his/her hand and says, “Freeze,” students should know when to stop moving and listen to what the teachers has to say.

*Brief all students before the activity. Describe the situations and indicate what non-participants should do.

*students should be oriented on the beginning and end of the drama so that the learners will have a proper mindset on when to focus back on the class activities.

DIORAMAS

Dioramas comes from the Greek words di meaning “through” and orama meaning “that which is seen a sight”. The word diorama literally means”to see through” or through that which is seen”. Dioramas are static displays creating a realistic scene. They consist of three-dimensional foreground, usually models of people, animals, equipment, vehicles or buildings and flat background, usually a photograph, drawing or painting. Hence, these are also called “exhibits in a box.”

*Drama experiences should involve warm-ups like simple body exercises or role internalizations.

• It is better if drama activities are schedule in the morning when students are more attentive.

*focus drama in the classroom, so that there is ease in shifting to the class activities

Advantages Exhibits can be used to reproduce scenes from the past

or depict scenes in the future. Limitations * Exhibits demand enough space in a room. *Preparation of exhibits may take a lot of time.Utilization Guidelines *The exhibits must be large enough to be easily seen.*The exhibit must attract attention

*The exhibit must be well lighted.*The exhibit must be built around one central idea.*The captions of the exhibit must be short and simple.*The exhibit must convey the message at a glance.*The materials in the exhibit must not be crowded

together.

FLASHCARD

Flashcards are valuable materials for drill activities particularly in the teaching of mathematics, english, and filipino. Flash cards come in the form of pictures cards, words cards, phrase cards, sentence cards or mathematical cards.

Advantages*flash cards can be an important means of fixing skills

and automatizing responses of students.*flash cards can be easily made from recycled

materials.

*flash cards are easy to use and can be easily carried. Limitations*Flash cards may be small to be seen by the entire

class.*If flashing is too snappy, the students could find

difficulty in recognizing what is in the flash card. Utilization Guidelines*The flash cards must be bold and big enough to be

seen by everybody in the class.

*Flash the cards in snappy manner to develop fast thinking or response.

*Flash the cards from back to the front.*Answers or labels should be written at the

back of the flash cards so that the teacher will be able to check whether the answer is correct.

*Hold the flash cards firmly at the chest level.

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

• A graphic organizer, also known as knowledge map, is a communication tool that uses visual symbols to express knowledge, thoughts, or ideas and the relationship between them.

• Advantage*Graphic organizer are one way for visual thinkers to

arranged their ideas. There are unlimited ways to express this visual ideas.

*Graphic organizers can be used in all phases of learning from brain storming ideas to presenting findings .

Limitations*Graphic organizer could be subject to

misinterpretations.Utilization Guidelines *Many excellent teachers utilize a wide array

techniques for enabling students to learn

COMIC STRIP

Advantages*Strip drawing can be easily read and understood: thus

encouraged reading.*Cartoons satisfy children’s idea of art.*Aside from verbal cues, cartoons and strip drawings

contain illustrations.Limitations • In interpreting cartoons and strip drawings, there is a

tendency to focus only on the colorful drawings rather than on the words accompanying them.

*Pictures or drawings are usually exaggerated, which could lead to misinterpretation.

Utilization Guidelines*Although cartoons can be used for young learners, this

can be more effective for older ones who could understand the message for which they are intended.

* Cartoons must not contain so many details.

FLIP CHARTS

Flip charts is a stationary item consisting of a pad of large paper sheets. It is typically fixed to the upper edge of a whiteboard, typically supported on a tripod or four- legged easel. Such charts are commonly used for presentations.

Advantages*Charts can present summaries of information.*Charts can be easily made by students. These can be

easily used because they do not require special equipment.

*Charts can be moved with ease from one place to another.

Limitations*Charts cannot show motion.*Big charts can be cumbersome to handle.*Charts can be outdated.Utilization Guidelines*Plan well to make sure charts fit the lesson.

POP UPS

Pop ups a book that contains one or more pages such that a three- dimensional structure rises up when a page is opened.

Advantages *One obvious advantage is visibility, it’s the

first thing that visitors see when they see your pop ups.

Limitations• If not implemented correctly, It can drive

away your current audience. • Utilization Guidelines* Check the vision of students seated in

different locations around the classroom.