J.C. R.E.-Section C

8/3/2019 J.C. R.E.-Section C

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What have we learned?

We have an understanding of thehistorical situation that existed at thetime of the foundation of Judaismand Islam.

Judaism IslamWhen was thisreligion founded?

4000 years ago 1500 years ago

Where was it founded? The Fertile Crescent inthe Middle East

Saudi Arabia in theMiddle East

What was the lifestyleof the people?

Nomadic hunters andherders

Tribal people who led anomadic lifestyle

What was theland like?

Very fertile Rock covered by largedeserts

What was theclimate like?

Hot and dry, withseasonal flooding

Hot and dry

Where were the The states of Assyria The cities of Mecca and


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We know that the primary sources ofinformation about Judaism and Islam are foundin their sacred texts.

Judaism Islam

The Tanakh The Quran

We can differentiate between faith documentsand historical documents.

Judaism: The Tanakh is the primarydocument of faith. TheMishnah and the Talmud are alsodocuments of faith.Islam: The Quran is the primary document

of faith. The Sunna and theHadith are documents of


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We have traced the development of Judaismand Islam from oral to written tradition.

JudaismThe Jewish people passed

on the story of their faithby word of mouth from

generation togeneration. Eventually,they began to writedown the stories fromtheir oral tradition. The

Hebrew Bible took overa thousand years berecorded in its presentform. There werehundreds of writers

involved in this great

IslamThe sacred text of Islam

also began with anoral tradition.

Muhammad learned byheartall the revelations that he

received from Allah, thenhe taught these to other

Muslims, who in turnlearned them off andrecited them. WhenMuhammad died, all thatwas revealed by Allah

was brought together


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We have identified essential elements of thebeliefs and symbols of Judaism and Islam.

What are they?

We can recognise these beliefs and symbolsin the words and actions of the followers ofJudaism and Islam, past and present.

How?


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Name: Judaism

Founders: Abrahamand Moses

Date: 4000 years ago

Earliest Followers: Thedescendants of

Abraham and theIsraelite or Hebrew

people.

A follower of this

major world

religion is called: A Jew.

Beliefs: The Jewish peoplebelieve in

one God who is thecreator of everything. They believethat God has a unique relationshipwith the Jewish peoplebecause God established acovenant with them throughAbraham and Moses. The Jewish

people await the arrival ofthe Messiah.

Sacred Text: The HebrewScriptures

Location/

Place of Origin: Israel

Holy Day: Saturday.The Sabbath begins atsunset on Friday and continuesuntil after sunset on Saturday. Thetraditional Sabbath candles are litand special prayers are said,usually by the mother of the

family. The men and theboys attend the synagogue towelcome in the Sabbath. At theend of the day, there is a specialcelebratory meal, with prayersand singing.

Prayer: The Jewish people pray daily.The formal language for prayer isHebrew, though of course Jewishpeople can pray in any language.Devout Jewish people pray fivetimes a day: before going to bed,after rising in the morning and at

the three meal times. (The Jewishday begins in the evening.) In theevenin and in the mornin the


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Place of Worship: ThesynagogueSacred Times /Festivals:Autumn festivals Rosh

Hashanah/Yom Kippur/Sukkoth/Simchat Torah

Winter festivals Hanukah/Purim

Spring festival PesachSummer festivals

Shavuot/Tishah bAvPlace of Pilgrimage:TheWestern Wall in

Jerusalem is asacred place of

pilgrimage for theJewish people.

Leadership: ChiefRabbi/Rabbi.Rites of Passage: TheJewish peoplecelebrate all the important

Way of life: Jews live

their lives inaccordance with

then TenCommandments. Theyobserve the HebrewScriptures quite literally andtake instruction on manydaily events, including

dietary laws. Jewish peopleobserve their Sabbath daystrictly and take that time torest and pray. When in thesynagogue at prayer, Jewish

men wear the kippah, thetallit and tefillin.

Symbol of this religion:The symbolof Judaism

is called the Magen of David,also known as the Star of


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Name: Islam

Founder:Muhammad

Date: 1500 years ago

Earliest Followers: The familyofMuhammad and the

people of Mecca.

A follower of this

major world religion

Is called: A Muslim.

Beliefs: The Islamic peoplebelieve in

one God, Allah, and in the ProphetMuhammad.

The key beliefs are summed up by

the

Shahada: There is no God butAllah, and

Muhammad is his messenger.Muslims submit their lives to Allahand everything in their life is under

the control of Allah.Sacred Text: The Quran

Holy Day: Friday. Allmale Muslims areexpected to attend the mosque atmidday on Fridays for prayers.

They turn to an arched alcove or adecorated panel in the wall toshow them the direction of Mecca.Men and women sit in differentparts of the mosque. A leader,called the imam, leads theprayers.

Prayer: Muslims are calledto pray fivetimes a day. This is the secondpillar of Islam, Salat. WhenMuslims pray, they turn towards

Mecca. For a Muslim, life revolvesaround these prayer times. Theyhave specific ritual actions that arecarried out before prayer. Eachaction has a specific meaning.


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Place of Worship: Themosque

Sacred Times /Festivals: Eidul-Fitr

takes place at the end ofRamadan in the ninth month ofthe Islamic calendar. Eid ul-Adhatakes place during the twelfthmonth of the Islamic calendar.

Place of Pilgrimage: Theholy city ofMecca, home of the Kaba, is thesacred place of pilgrimage for theIslamic people. Every Muslim tries

to make the Hajj pilgrimage toMecca once in their lifetime.

Leadership: The imamleads the prayer in the mosqueon Fridays.

Rites of Passage: As withJudaism, theIslamic faith traditioncelebrates all the major eventsof life, from birth to death. At

birth, words from the Quranare whispered into the ear ofthe newborn baby. There isalso a Naming Ceremony.

Way of life: The people of

the Islamicfaith observe their religion as theirway of life. Muslims live their livesin accordance with the Five Pillarsof Islam. Like Jews, they have strictdietary laws and a sense of ritualaround their prayer times.Pilgrimage is one of the Five Pillars

of Islam and is to be observed atleast once in the life of a Muslim.

Symbol of this religion:Thecrescent moonand star is a symbol of Islam.

The five points of the star

symbolise the Five Pillars ofIslam. The moon and the stars


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We can recognise importantmoments in the stories of Judaismand Islam.

Key Moments in the development of Islam


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Key Moments in the development of Islam

AD 570 Birth of Muhammad.

AD 595 Muhammad met and married Khadija.

AD 610 The Night of Power and Excellence.

AD 620 Muhammad preached to people from Yathrib, a city north ofMecca.

AD 622 The Hijra.

AD 630 Muhammad returned to Mecca and initiated a jihad (a holywar).

AD 632 Muhammad made his final pilgrimage to the Kaba shrine.

AD 650 After the death of Muhammad, Islamic armies convertedmany provinces of the eastern Roman Empire and also thePersian Empire to Islam.

AD 700 The conquest of the North African coast began. Roman Africa

was taken,and in AD 711 the Islamic armies crossed over into Spain andthe south of France.

Middle Ages During the Middle Ages, there was much conflict betweenIslam and the

(8th to 12th Century) Christian states of Europe.


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The WorldwideCommunity ofJudaism

There areapproximatelythirteen million Jewsworldwide: sixmillion in the USA,three million in Israeland the rest dividedthroughout theworld, includingcommunities inRussia and EasternEurope. Members ofthe Jewishcommunity who liveoutside of Israel are

The WorldwideCommunity ofIslam

The majority ofMuslims today live incountries of North

Africa (e.g. Algeria,Libya and Egypt)and in the MiddleEast. Muslims arealso present insignificant numbersin countries asvaried as Russia,China, India,England and theUnited States of

America. The


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What have we learned? We are able to compare and contrast the faith and practice

of early Jewish and Muslim communities with the faith andpractice of the modern communities.

For example:Early Jewish Community Orthodox Jews Follow the laws of the Torah and the Jewish tradition strictly Accept male rabbis only Use only Hebrew in their synagogues Men and women sit apart in the synagogue Keep strict dietary laws

Modern Jewish Community Reform Jews Adapt the laws of the Torah and the Jewish traditions to modern life Allow synagogue services to be led by rabbis and by others Accept both male and female rabbis Celebrate services in the local language Men and women sit together in the synagogue

Do not keep strict dietary laws


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Christianity and Judaism:Similarities and Differences

Christians and Jews believein

One God Life after death Gods final judgement of

us Prayer, fasting and

almsgiving Mary, the mother of Jesus

The books of the OldTestament

The existence of evil

Christians and Jewsdisagree on

God as Father, Son andHoly Spirit

Jesus as the Son of God Jesus death and

resurrection Jesus as saviour (The

Jewish people are still

waiting for the Messiah) The New Testament and

the Old Testament being Gods

final word


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Christianity and Islam:Similarities and Differences

Christians and Muslimsbelieve in

One God

Life after death

Gods finaljudgement of us

Prayer, fasting andalmsgiving

Mary, the mother ofJesus

Angels

The existence of evil

Christians andMuslims disagreeon

God as Father, Sonand Holy Spirit

Jesus as the Son ofGod

Jesus death andresurrection

Jesus as saviour

The Bible as Godsfinal word

Documents

J.C. R.E.-Section C