Review… What’s going on at home? Japanese internment Camps

1. After Pearl Harbor fear breaks out

2. 1942- Roosevelt signs order to remove people of Japanese decent from CA, WA, OR, and AZ.

3. Was justified as a military necessity for American security- Court ruling for Korematsu v. US declared internment constitutional

4. Nisei- People born in this country of parents who emigrated from Japan

What’s the difference?

Which one is from the holocaust?

Notes:WWII: The Fight in Asia and the

Pacific

LG:How did the US and it’s Allies win the

war in The Pacific and Asia?

1. Early Japanese Victories(1941-1942)

A. Same day as Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack other US/British islands and Asian countries.

i. Why? For time and resources.

ii. Thailand, Burma, Wake Island, Guam, etc.

B. Philippines:

i. FDR orders Gen. MacArthur to leave.

ii. 70,000 Americans and Filipinos surrender.

iii. Bataan Death March: 14,000 died.

c. US responds with surprising the Japanese and bombing Tokyo 4 months later!

i. This is the Doolittle Raid

America gets Japan back!

2. Allies War Strategy in Pacific

a. Spring 1942:

i. Japan controls almost every island in

4,500 miles of the Pacific Ocean.

b. Allies decide on “Island Hopping”:

i. To conserve resources, US would attack certain islands and “hop” over heavily defended ones.

ii. Must control sea AND air.

3. Important Battles in the Pacific

a. Battle of the Coral Sea (Early May 1942):

i. Japan must destroy US fleet to protect territories; fails!

ii. Sides could not see each other.

- Battle of aircraft carriers (AC’s); not battleships.

iii. Japan retreats.

- Japan loses 2 AC’s & many fighters.

b. Battle of Midway (June 1942):

i. Turning point of Pacific war; held off Japan.

ii. US code breakers knew Japan was coming.

- US: 76 ships - Japan: 162 ships.

iii. Japan retreats.

- Lost 4 AC’s and many planes.

- Must fight defensively now.

- Kamikaze suicide pilots are used.

c. Iwo Jima (Early Feb. to March 1945):

i. US needed an airbase to bomb Japan easily.

ii. Japan: 23,000 Defenders

- Bushido Warrior Code: Never surrender.

- Only 1,000 lived.

iii. US: 68,000 Fought

- 22,000 wounded and over 5,000 dead.

iv. Now, invade mainland Japan… or not?

4. Pushing for Unconditional Surrender of Japan:

a. Firebombing Japan with napalm:

i. Destroys 6 important industrial cities; 80,000 civilians dead in Tokyo.

b. Now… Do we Invade Japan?!?!

i. Estimated: Need 1 million troops and 250,000 would die.

Or………………………………

Fat Man

Little Boy

YOU ARE MY ADVISORSShould I Use the Bombs?

I, (Insert First and Last Name), believe we (should or should not) use the Atomic Bombs

because…

***Use the Atomic Bomb?

i. Cons:

– Immoral to use without warning.

– Eisenhower, “the Japanese were ready to surrender”.

– We have the stigma of being the first country to use it.

– Bombing was indiscriminate.

Schoolchildren, elderly, mothers and babies, even 12 US Navy pilots killed in blasts.

*** ii. Pros:

–Why keep losing American lives when we can have a certain victory? MAKE THEM SURRENDER.

–If not used- huge waste of money $$$$

–Intimidate and gain the upper hand in post war talks with Soviet Union.

“I regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubts that it should be used.”

Hiroshima Atomic Bomb

c. A-Bombs Push Japan to Surrender:

i. Aug. 6, 1945:

- Bomb is dropped on Hiroshima.

- Little Boy: 80,000 to 120,000 die instantly.

ii. Aug. 9, 1945:

- Soviet Union declares war on Japan.

- Bomb is dropped on Nagasaki.

- Fat Man: 35,000 to 74,000 die instantly.

iii. August 15, 1945:

V-J Day: Victory in Japan!

World War II is over!

5. After the War in Europe and Asiaa. Nuremburg Trials (1945-1949):

i. Tried Nazi war criminals between mid-1945 to 1949.

ii. 36 Nazi leaders executed; 100+ in prison.

b. Japanese trials in Tokyo, Japan:

i. 7 Japanese war criminals hung, 18 prison.

ii. DID NOT indict Emperor; afraid of civilian unrest.

Just Nuke It