Japan. Japan Japan consist of four main islands off the coast of Asia Japan consist of four main islands off the coast of Asia Because Japan was an island

JapanJapan

JapanJapan Japan consist of four main islands off the Japan consist of four main islands off the

coast of Asiacoast of Asia Because Japan was an island nation it Because Japan was an island nation it

was relatively isolated with limited was relatively isolated with limited exchange of ideas and goodsexchange of ideas and goods

Little is known of Japan prior to 400 C.E.Little is known of Japan prior to 400 C.E. Japan was influenced by China and KoreaJapan was influenced by China and Korea The Yamato Clan was the first and only The Yamato Clan was the first and only

clan to rule Japan (They still rule today)clan to rule Japan (They still rule today)

JapanJapan ShintoShinto

““The way of the gods”The way of the gods” Worshipped kamiWorshipped kami

Nature and all the forced Nature and all the forced of nature seen and of nature seen and unseenunseen

Under Shinto the idea is Under Shinto the idea is to become one with kamito become one with kami

Uses ritual and customsUses ritual and customs Encourages obedience Encourages obedience

and proper behaviorand proper behavior The belief that the The belief that the

emperor was a emperor was a descendent of the sun descendent of the sun god-thus divinegod-thus divine

JapanJapan

Chinese InfluenceChinese Influence The Chinese had a tremendous influence on JapaneseThe Chinese had a tremendous influence on Japanese

ArtArt ArchitectureArchitecture LiteratureLiterature ReligionReligion

Both Confucianism and Buddhism arrived in Japan Both Confucianism and Buddhism arrived in Japan by the 700’sby the 700’s

Japan soon became the center for Eastern Asia study Japan soon became the center for Eastern Asia study of Buddhismof Buddhism

Most Japanese adopted Buddhism while still Most Japanese adopted Buddhism while still practicing Shintopracticing Shinto

JapanJapan Japan borrowed the Japan borrowed the

legal codes of the legal codes of the Tang Dynasty called Tang Dynasty called the Taika Reformsthe Taika Reforms

Japan also built their Japan also built their capital city modeled capital city modeled after the Tang after the Tang CapitalCapital

However the However the Japanese rejected Japanese rejected Confucianism and the Confucianism and the civil service examscivil service exams

JapanJapan

Class QuestionClass Question Why would the Japanese reject Why would the Japanese reject

Confucianism and the civil service Confucianism and the civil service exams?exams?

JapanJapan

It placed too much importance on It placed too much importance on education.education.

In Japan your rank at birth was more In Japan your rank at birth was more important to your status as a personimportant to your status as a person

Class systems in Japan were based Class systems in Japan were based on heredity on heredity

JapanJapan

The FujiwaraThe Fujiwara By the early 800’s the By the early 800’s the

Emperor wanted to break Emperor wanted to break free of the Buddhist free of the Buddhist influenceinfluence

The capital was moved to The capital was moved to HeianHeian

Japanese consciousness Japanese consciousness developeddeveloped

Aristocratic families began Aristocratic families began to increaseto increase

One aristocratic family who One aristocratic family who through intermarriages through intermarriages with the emperors families with the emperors families gained power were the gained power were the FujiwaraFujiwara

JapanJapan FujiwaraFujiwara

Began to run the affairs of Began to run the affairs of the countrythe country

Power shifted from the Power shifted from the emperor to the Fujiwara emperor to the Fujiwara familyfamily

The emperor was seen as The emperor was seen as only a figureheadonly a figurehead

Under the Fujiwara there Under the Fujiwara there was Golden Age of was Golden Age of JapaneseJapanese

Art, literatureArt, literature Women were also seen as Women were also seen as

having rank in Japanhaving rank in Japan Some women were Some women were

noblesnobles

JapanJapan Taira-Minamoto WarTaira-Minamoto War

While the Fijiwara had increased Japanese culture While the Fijiwara had increased Japanese culture they had neglected the militarythey had neglected the military

They had delegated military matters to various clansThey had delegated military matters to various clans These clans became powerful and began fighting for These clans became powerful and began fighting for

land and powerland and power A civil war broken out between two of the strongest A civil war broken out between two of the strongest

clansclans TairaTaira MinamotoMinamoto

The Taira at first won and controlled the The Taira at first won and controlled the government however the Minamoto rose up, government however the Minamoto rose up, defeated the Taira in a five year civil war and took defeated the Taira in a five year civil war and took control of the government calling it acontrol of the government calling it a

ShogunateShogunate

JapanJapan

However by the However by the 1212thth century with century with the large influx of the large influx of noble families noble families everyone was everyone was fighting for land in fighting for land in JapanJapan

Japan would Japan would develop a feudal develop a feudal system like Europesystem like Europe

JapanJapan Feudal SystemFeudal System

The feudal system in Japan developed at the The feudal system in Japan developed at the same time as the feudal system in Europe-same time as the feudal system in Europe-however neither had knowledge of the otherhowever neither had knowledge of the other

As stated before the Emperor was only a As stated before the Emperor was only a figureheadfigurehead

In 1192 Yoritomo Minamoto was given the In 1192 Yoritomo Minamoto was given the title of Shogun or chief generaltitle of Shogun or chief general

Below the Shogun were the daimyoBelow the Shogun were the daimyo Below the Shogun were the SamuraiBelow the Shogun were the Samurai Below the Samurai were the PeasantsBelow the Samurai were the Peasants

Japanese ClassesJapanese Classes

DaimyoShogun Ashikaga Takauji

1305 - 1358

Samurai

Feudal Japan v. Feudal Feudal Japan v. Feudal EuropeEurope

JapanJapan Emperor –figureheadEmperor –figurehead ShogunShogun

Chief GeneralChief General DaimyoDaimyo

LandownerLandowner Samurai with noble Samurai with noble

bloodblood SamuraiSamurai

Warriors who held Warriors who held small pieces of landsmall pieces of land

PeasantsPeasants Enough saidEnough said

EuropeEurope King –usually a King –usually a

figureheadfigurehead

Lord-LLord-L Large landownerLarge landowner Noble bloodNoble blood

KnightsKnights Warriors who held Warriors who held

small pieces of landsmall pieces of land PeasantsPeasants

Enough saidEnough said

Feudal Japan v. Feudal Feudal Japan v. Feudal EuropeEurope

DifferencesDifferences Women in Japan were treated with higher respect-some were Women in Japan were treated with higher respect-some were

noblesnobles The land ownership contract in Europe was based on lawThe land ownership contract in Europe was based on law The land ownership contract in Japan was based on group The land ownership contract in Japan was based on group

identity and loyaltyidentity and loyalty I am what I am a samurai and I know my place in societyI am what I am a samurai and I know my place in society

Both systems were based on cultureBoth systems were based on culture

SimilaritiesSimilarities PeasantsPeasants

Worked to support the upper classesWorked to support the upper classes Each hierarchy was based on land for loyalty Each hierarchy was based on land for loyalty

exchangeexchange

JapanJapan Important ShogunatesImportant Shogunates

Kamakura ShogunateKamakura Shogunate 1200-13001200-1300

Kept Khubiliai Khan’s Yuan China from invading JapanKept Khubiliai Khan’s Yuan China from invading Japan Ashikaga ShogunateAshikaga Shogunate

1336-15731336-1573 Developed a strong sense of Japanese cultureDeveloped a strong sense of Japanese culture

Painting, music, philosophy, landscapingPainting, music, philosophy, landscaping Strong economic tradeStrong economic trade Zen BuddhismZen Buddhism Tea CeremonyTea Ceremony

Lost power when it was unable to stop a series of civil Lost power when it was unable to stop a series of civil warswars

Japan would be divided in civil wars from 1573 to the Japan would be divided in civil wars from 1573 to the middle 1600’smiddle 1600’s

Japan in ChaosJapan in Chaos

By the age of feudalism in 1338 the By the age of feudalism in 1338 the daimyo seemed to reject the ideas of daimyo seemed to reject the ideas of peace of Zen Buddhist religion and began peace of Zen Buddhist religion and began to warring among themselves.to warring among themselves.

They soon destroyed the Ashikaga They soon destroyed the Ashikaga Shogunate, the city of Kyoto and the Shogunate, the city of Kyoto and the order and structure that once was Japan.order and structure that once was Japan.

The Emperor was seen as just a The Emperor was seen as just a figurehead, a symbolic leader of the figurehead, a symbolic leader of the Shinto religion.Shinto religion.

Japan in ChaosJapan in Chaos

New warlord formed alliances with merchants New warlord formed alliances with merchants who were bringing raw materials from China.who were bringing raw materials from China.

Soon this influx of trade caused the competing Soon this influx of trade caused the competing warlords to war against each other.warlords to war against each other.

Soon this lead to a civil war.Soon this lead to a civil war. In the 1580’s one warlord Hideyoshi will gain In the 1580’s one warlord Hideyoshi will gain

control of Japan and attempt to spread beyond control of Japan and attempt to spread beyond Japan into Korea, Manchuria and China.Japan into Korea, Manchuria and China.

Tokugawa-Edo PeriodTokugawa-Edo Period When Hideyoshi dies in When Hideyoshi dies in

1598 his successor 1598 his successor withdraws from the withdraws from the Asian territories and Asian territories and begins to work on begins to work on centralizing Japan.centralizing Japan.

In 1603 Tokugawa In 1603 Tokugawa Ieyasu will become Ieyasu will become Shogun and place the Shogun and place the Tokugawa Shogunate in Tokugawa Shogunate in power of Japan until power of Japan until 19C.19C.

TokugawaTokugawa

The Tokugawa will allow the daimyo to The Tokugawa will allow the daimyo to still keep local power while the still keep local power while the Tokugawa will retain central authority.Tokugawa will retain central authority.

They will establish Edo (Modern day They will establish Edo (Modern day Tokyo) as the capital.Tokyo) as the capital.

The Tokugawa will establish trade The Tokugawa will establish trade routes (Rice Routes) throughout Japan.routes (Rice Routes) throughout Japan.

By 1700 Edo will have 1 million peopleBy 1700 Edo will have 1 million people

TokugawaTokugawa There will be an There will be an

economic boom in Japan.economic boom in Japan. Major urban centers will Major urban centers will

grow all through Japan.grow all through Japan. Manufacturing such as Manufacturing such as

steel making, pottery, steel making, pottery, lacquer and porcelain lacquer and porcelain will develop.will develop.

Trade with China will be Trade with China will be curtailed.curtailed.

Piracy will be Piracy will be encouraged.encouraged.

Tokugawa IsolationTokugawa Isolation

Trade with foreignersTrade with foreigners In 1543 Portuguese will arrive and will bring In 1543 Portuguese will arrive and will bring

firearms to Japanfirearms to Japan By 1570’s the Japanese who took a great By 1570’s the Japanese who took a great

interest in the weapons had now made copies interest in the weapons had now made copies and were using them to fight in the civil wars.and were using them to fight in the civil wars.

When the Tokugawa take control they will When the Tokugawa take control they will strictly control the trade with the Dutch, strictly control the trade with the Dutch, Spanish, PortugueseSpanish, Portuguese

Porcelain was the chief export while the Porcelain was the chief export while the Japanese care little for the European goodsJapanese care little for the European goods..


The Dutch and The Dutch and Chinese were Chinese were restricted to trade restricted to trade on the island of on the island of Deshima.Deshima.

Silver and copper Silver and copper were restricted.were restricted.

Western books Western books were banned.were banned.


ChristianityChristianity Japanese are going to learn of the new Japanese are going to learn of the new

religion from Jesuit missionaries.religion from Jesuit missionaries. The religion holds great interest in Japan The religion holds great interest in Japan

and by the 1600’s about 300,000 convertand by the 1600’s about 300,000 convert The Tokugawa feared that the new The Tokugawa feared that the new

religion would destabilize the country and religion would destabilize the country and by 1614 there was an edict forbidding the by 1614 there was an edict forbidding the practice of Christianity.practice of Christianity.

Punishment was crucifixion or beheadingPunishment was crucifixion or beheading

Tokugawa IsolationTokugawa Isolation ChristianityChristianity By the late 1600’s the By the late 1600’s the

practice of practice of Christianity was all Christianity was all but over.but over.

The government also The government also forced the people to forced the people to show proof of their show proof of their attendance to their attendance to their Buddhist temple and Buddhist temple and their obedience to the their obedience to the shougunate.shougunate.


With the cutbacks in trade and the With the cutbacks in trade and the elimination of Christianity all Europeans elimination of Christianity all Europeans were banned from Japan except for the were banned from Japan except for the Dutch.Dutch.

The Tokugawa also faced internal problems The Tokugawa also faced internal problems with the rapid population growth and how to with the rapid population growth and how to balance economic problems with food supply balance economic problems with food supply and work.and work.

Lack of warfare also posed a problemLack of warfare also posed a problem Daimyo and the samurai had little function in Daimyo and the samurai had little function in

society.society.

Tokugawa IsolationTokugawa Isolation Japan was beginning Japan was beginning

to develop as a to develop as a manufacturing society.manufacturing society. The merchant class was The merchant class was

ever growing and ever growing and pushed Japan into a pushed Japan into a period of economic and period of economic and social growth.social growth.

Kabuki TheaterKabuki Theater Artistic expressionArtistic expression Woodblock printsWoodblock prints New shops and New shops and

restaurants.restaurants.


Merchants also controlled the money Merchants also controlled the money and started to develop lines of credit.and started to develop lines of credit. Merchants gave credit to the daimyo and Merchants gave credit to the daimyo and

samurai whose income was based on rice samurai whose income was based on rice trade.trade.

The rice trade declined due to the lack of farmers and The rice trade declined due to the lack of farmers and the difficulty in producing rice.the difficulty in producing rice.

Merchants also disregarded the laws and would raise Merchants also disregarded the laws and would raise and lower the price of rice to suit their needs and not the and lower the price of rice to suit their needs and not the needs of the samurai.needs of the samurai.

Now the daimyo and samurai were financially under the Now the daimyo and samurai were financially under the control of the merchant classcontrol of the merchant class..


Confucian IdeasConfucian Ideas Like China, Korea and Vietnam Japan also Like China, Korea and Vietnam Japan also

accepted the idea that agriculture should accepted the idea that agriculture should be the basis of state wealth.be the basis of state wealth.

Merchants were seen as morally corrupt.Merchants were seen as morally corrupt. However the decentralized government of However the decentralized government of

Japan could not regulate all merchant Japan could not regulate all merchant activities and the merchant class began to activities and the merchant class began to dictate society.dictate society.

Merchants enjoyed freedoms and influence.Merchants enjoyed freedoms and influence.


The TokugawaThe Tokugawa While the government remained very While the government remained very

traditional the society around them was traditional the society around them was becoming very commercial and progressive.becoming very commercial and progressive.

Old traditional ways were being cast aside Old traditional ways were being cast aside and a more modern Japan was developing and a more modern Japan was developing while the Tokugawa shogun was still living in while the Tokugawa shogun was still living in the past. the past.

During the late period the Tokugawa also had During the late period the Tokugawa also had to deal with a series of natural disasters to deal with a series of natural disasters which further drained the economy.which further drained the economy.


In 1854 The United States would arrive In 1854 The United States would arrive on the shores of Japan and with the on the shores of Japan and with the U.S.’s new military might would force the U.S.’s new military might would force the Tokugawa to make a decision to open up Tokugawa to make a decision to open up trade and ports.trade and ports.

The Tokugawa would have no alternative The Tokugawa would have no alternative and opened up trade to the U.S. and opened up trade to the U.S.

It would be the end for Japanese It would be the end for Japanese isolationism and the beginning of a new isolationism and the beginning of a new and modern Japan.and modern Japan.

Documents

Japan. Japan Japan consist of four main islands off the coast of Asia Japan consist of four main islands off the coast of Asia Because Japan was an island