Reporting Category 4Regional

Interactions

JapanMountainous

Archipelago (chain of islands)

Four Main IslandsClose to China and

KoreaSea of Japan or the

East Sea is between Japan and the Asian Mainland

Chinese Influence on JapanWritingArchitectureBuddhism

ShintoEthnic religion

unique to JapanImportance of

natural features, forces of nature, and ancestors

State religion; worship of the emperor

Coexistence with Buddhism

African KingdomsAxum (Aksum)

Eastern AfricaLocation near the Red Sea and the Nile River

Located in modern day EthiopiaOnly early African Kingdom that practiced Christianity

West African KingdomsGhana, Mali, and

Songhai were all located near the Niger River and Sahara Desert

Traded Gold and Salt along the Trans-Saharan trade routes

Timbuktu was center of learning

Islamic

ZimbabweLocated

between the Limpopo and the Zambezi Rivers

City of “Great Zimbabwe” was the capital of a prosperous empire

Mayan CivilizationMexican & Central

American Rain ForestsChichen Itza – Major CityCity States ruled by

KingsPolytheistic: PyramidsEconomy: Agriculture &

Tribute from conquered people

Aztec CivilizationArid valley in central

MexicoTenochtitlan – Major

cityRuled by an emperorPolytheistic: Rituals,

PyramidsEconomy:

Agriculture, Tributes from conquered peoples

Meso-American AchievementsCalendarsMathWriting and other record-keeping systems

QUIPO

Rise of Nation States - EnglandWilliam the Conqueror

Norman Conquest (French)Battle of Hastings

Common Law started under Henry II

Magna CartaSigned by King JohnLimited King’s power

Hundred Years’ WarEngland vs. FranceDefined England as a Nation

Evolution of Parliament

Rise of Nation States - FranceHugh Capet

Established French throne in Paris

Expanded control over most of France

Hundred Years’ WarHelped define France as a

nationJoan of Arc

Message from GodDefeated English at OrleansUnifying factor for French

Rise of Nation States - SpainFerdinand & Isabella

“Reconquesta”Unified SpainExpelled the Moors and

the JewsUnified as a Catholic

NationCharles V

Expanded the Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere

Rise of Nation States - RussiaIvan the Great

Refused to pay tribute to the Mongols

Centralized power in Moscow

Expanded the nationPower was centralized in

the hands of the tsarThe Orthodox Church

influenced unification

Key events of the CrusdadesPope Urban’s Speech

Call to armsPromised Salvation

Capture of JerusalemFounding of Crusader

StatesLoss of Jerusalem to

SaladinSack of

Constantinople by Western Crusaders

Effects of the CrusadesWeakened the power of the Pope &

NoblesStrengthened the MonarchStimulated trade w/ the Middle East

Demand for new goodsTrade through Middle East and

Mediterranean SeaLegacy of bitterness between Jews,

Christians, and MuslimsWeakened Byzantine Empire

The Mongols

Invaded Russia, China, and Muslim states in SouthwestDestroyed cities and

countrysidesCreated an Empire

ConstantinopleFell to the Ottoman

Turks in 1453This ended the

Byzantine EmpireBecame the capital

of the Ottoman Empire

Changed the name to Istanbul

Impact of the Black Death(Bubonic Plague)

Population DeclineReduction in Labor

ForceTowns freed from

Feudal ObligationsDecline in Church

InfluenceDisruption of Trade

Renaissance in ItalyMedieval Art & Literature

focused on the Church & Salvation

Renaissance Art & Literature focused on individuals and secular (worldly) matters, along with Christianity

Wealth of independent Italian City States through trade

Increase in Banking and Credit

Art & Literature in ItalyLeonardo da Vinci

Mona Lisa The Last Supper

Michaelangelo David Ceiling of the Sisten

Chapel

Petrarch Sonnets, humanist

scholarship

Humanism

Celebrated the Individual

Stimulated the study of classical Greek and Roman Literature and Culture (Greco-Roman)

Supported by wealthy Patrons

The Northern RenaissanceGrowing wealth in

Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas

Merged Humanist Ideals w/ Christianity

Moveable type printing press, productino and Sales of Books spread ideas and literacyJohan GutenbergGutenberg Bible

Northern Renaissance WritersErasmus

The Praise of Folly (1511)

Sir Thomas More Utopia (1516)

Northern Renaissance artists portrayed both religious and secular (worldly) subjects