James Madison and the War of 1812

American Settlement Causes Tension • Between 1790 and 1810

almost one million American settlers moved west of the Appalachian Mountains

• The settlers often moved onto Native American lands, depleted food sources, and ignored treaties meant to protect Native American lands Ba#le of Tippecanoe in 1811

Treaty of Greenville in 1795

Causes of the War of 1812 • Britain supplied Native

Americans with weapons and encouraging tribes to attack American settlements • The Non-Intercourse Act

expired and the United States offered to resume trade with Britain and France only if they agreed to stop seizing American ships

France agreed to stop immediately while Britain ignored the American offer of peace

Causes of the War of 1812 • President James Madison

did not want war with Britain • The nation was split on the

desire for war with antiwar feelings in New England states and War Hawks stirring up calls for war in the South and West • War Hawks such as Henry

Clay encouraged feelings of nationalism

Causes of the War of 1812 • British ships created a

blockade to stop all trade between the United States and France • Madison finally asked

Congress to declare war in June of 1812

Events of the War of 1812 • The American military

was not prepared for the war due to Jefferson’s reduced spending on defense and a lack of combat experience • With Britain distracted in

Europe with its war with France, the U.S. experienced victories early on in the war

Events of the War of 1812 • In early 1814, Britain defeated

France and was able to turn its full attention to the war with the United States • Battle hardened and experienced

British troops arrived and quickly defeated the ill prepared American forces • In August of 1814, British forces

marched on Washington D.C. and set fire to the White House and the nation’s capital

The White House

The U.S. Capitol

The End of the War of 1812 • With Britain’s war with

France over, there was no need to continue blockading American trade • The United States and

Britain signed the Treaty of Ghent in December of 1814 ending the war • A young Andrew Jackson

became a hero after the Battle of New Orleans

Effects of the War of 1812 • Because of the blockade,

American industries expanded to provide replacements for foreign goods during the war

• As American manufacturing increased, the nation moved closer to the Industrial Revolution