The War of 1812The War of 1812“aka”“aka”

The 2The 2ndnd Fight for Fight for IndependenceIndependence

1812-18141812-1814

Madison is in office and tensions Madison is in office and tensions with Britain are rising quicklywith Britain are rising quickly

Non-Intercourse ActNon-Intercourse Act►Forbid trade (embargo) with France or Forbid trade (embargo) with France or

BritainBritain►will reopen trade with country that will reopen trade with country that

removed its trade restrictions first…removed its trade restrictions first… trying to play Britain and France against each trying to play Britain and France against each

otherother

► In 1810 Congress said:In 1810 Congress said: US would trade with both US would trade with both but if either country agreed to drop its but if either country agreed to drop its

restrictions, the US would stop importing goods restrictions, the US would stop importing goods from the other that didn’t…from the other that didn’t…

France takes the bait while Britain holds outFrance takes the bait while Britain holds out

Tecumseh and TippecanoeTecumseh and Tippecanoe► Tecumseh tries to Tecumseh tries to

unite Indians against unite Indians against white settlers who white settlers who were taking their landwere taking their land The British were The British were

arming them with arming them with weaponsweapons

►William Henry William Henry HarrisonHarrison goes with goes with troops to Tippecanoe troops to Tippecanoe and burns their and burns their town…they give up town…they give up more landmore land

Causes of War of 1812Causes of War of 1812►War Hawks: Members of War Hawks: Members of

Congress that voted for the Congress that voted for the warwar Mainly Southern and Western Mainly Southern and Western

farmersfarmers►Why go to War? (Causes)Why go to War? (Causes)

1.1.Impressment (biggest Impressment (biggest cause)cause)

2.2.Freedom of the seasFreedom of the seas3.3.trade restrictions trade restrictions

► Too many embargoes and Too many embargoes and tariffstariffs

4.4.Native Americans were Native Americans were being armed by the being armed by the BritishBritish

They get War in June 1812They get War in June 1812

John Calhoun

War StrategiesWar Strategies

AmericanAmerican► Attack Canada on Attack Canada on

foot… unsuccessfulfoot… unsuccessful► Take British shipsTake British ships► Defeat NativesDefeat Natives

BritishBritish► Navy raid cities along Navy raid cities along

the coastthe coast► Cut New England off Cut New England off

from the rest of the from the rest of the countrycountry

► Seize New Orleans Seize New Orleans and close the and close the Mississippi River to Mississippi River to western farmers …western farmers …America would be America would be forced to make peaceforced to make peace

Let’s Review!Let’s Review!1.1. Which of the following was Which of the following was

NOT a cause of the War of NOT a cause of the War of 1812?1812?

a.a. Native American support from Native American support from the Britishthe British

b.b. 1810 Congress1810 Congress

c.c. Impressment of US sailorsImpressment of US sailors

d.d. Interference with tradeInterference with trade

2.2. What resulted from What resulted from Tecumseh’s attempt to stop Tecumseh’s attempt to stop white encroachment on native white encroachment on native land?land?

a.a. Natives were defeated and Natives were defeated and forced to give up their land.forced to give up their land.

b.b. Natives were defeated and Natives were defeated and slaughtered by William Henry slaughtered by William Henry Harrison.Harrison.

c.c. Natives were successful at Natives were successful at repelling white migration into repelling white migration into Native lands.Native lands.

3.3. Why would capturing New Why would capturing New Orleans force the US to Orleans force the US to surrender?surrender?

a.a. Native Americans would ret-Native Americans would ret-take the landtake the land

b.b. The US would be unable to The US would be unable to ship supplies on the ship supplies on the Mississippi RiverMississippi River

c.c. The British would build a fort The British would build a fort therethere

d.d. Other nations would attack a Other nations would attack a weakened USweakened US

4.4. Which strategy seems Which strategy seems better? The British or better? The British or American. Why? American. Why?

Raid on Washington, D.C.Raid on Washington, D.C.► British fleet within British fleet within

marching distance of marching distance of capitolcapitol

► defeated the militia defeated the militia and entered the city and entered the city unopposedunopposed

► Madison and other Madison and other officials fledofficials fled

► Burnt the White Burnt the White House and the CapitolHouse and the Capitol

……American morale at American morale at all time lowall time low

BaltimoreBaltimore►Baltimore was ready Baltimore was ready

for British after burning for British after burning of capitolof capitol

►Finally the British left Finally the British left after hours of after hours of bombardment on Fort bombardment on Fort McHenryMcHenry Francis Scott Key Francis Scott Key

celebrated the American celebrated the American victory by writing the victory by writing the “Star Spangled Banner”“Star Spangled Banner”

The Battle of New OrleansThe Battle of New Orleans► Victory led by Victory led by

General Andrew General Andrew Jackson Jackson

► Fought 2 weeks Fought 2 weeks after Treaty of after Treaty of Ghent (ended war) Ghent (ended war) was signedwas signed

► leads to increase in leads to increase in patriotismpatriotism

► Jackson becomes a Jackson becomes a war hero…what will war hero…what will he be next?he be next?

The Treaty of GhentThe Treaty of Ghent►Treaty ended the War Treaty ended the War

of 1812 but nothing of 1812 but nothing else really changedelse really changed

►The war increased The war increased American prestige on American prestige on the seas and created a the seas and created a new spirit of new spirit of patriotism/nationalispatriotism/nationalismm

The Hartford ConventionThe Hartford Convention►New England’s/Federalists New England’s/Federalists

opposition was increasingopposition was increasing►New Englanders met in Hartford, New Englanders met in Hartford,

Connecticut to consider Connecticut to consider secession (leaving the Union) secession (leaving the Union)

►Significance: Their threat of Significance: Their threat of secession will destroy the secession will destroy the Federalist PartyFederalist Party

The Results of War of 1812The Results of War of 1812

►Andrew Jackson is a national heroAndrew Jackson is a national hero►Destroyed the Federalist Party Destroyed the Federalist Party

becausebecause of Hartford Conventionof Hartford Convention against war but an American victoryagainst war but an American victory

►nationalism surged nationalism surged ►Indian defeats created 4 new statesIndian defeats created 4 new states

Adams-Onis Treaty Adams-Onis Treaty

►Spain Spain ceded ceded (gave) (gave) Florida to Florida to AmericaAmerica

Let’s Review!Let’s Review!1.1. What act by the British What act by the British

demoralized the US?demoralized the US?

a.a. Raid on BaltimoreRaid on Baltimore

b.b. Raid on Washington DCRaid on Washington DC

c.c. Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans

d.d. Battle of TippecanoeBattle of Tippecanoe

2.2. What were the terms of the What were the terms of the Treaty of Ghent?Treaty of Ghent?

a.a. The US was forced to give up The US was forced to give up landland

b.b. The British were forced to The British were forced to give up landgive up land

c.c. No land changed handsNo land changed hands

d.d. The US was allowed to The US was allowed to purchase land from the purchase land from the BritishBritish

3.3. How did New England express How did New England express their frustration with the war?their frustration with the war?

a.a. They seceded from the UnionThey seceded from the Union

b.b. They held marches at the They held marches at the White HouseWhite House

c.c. They met to discuss They met to discuss secession but rejected it.secession but rejected it.

d.d. They refused to continue They refused to continue sending soldiers.sending soldiers.

4.4. Which of the following was NOT Which of the following was NOT a lasting impact of the War of a lasting impact of the War of 1812?1812?

a.a. Federalist Party dies outFederalist Party dies out

b.b. British become strongerBritish become stronger

c.c. Nationalism grows due to Nationalism grows due to pride pride

d.d. Native Americans loose land Native Americans loose land in the Westin the West