ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo ...press.tsu.ge/data/image_db_innova/PHD - valeri arghutashvili Fin.pdf · ekoturizmi da kulturuli turizmi xSir SemTxvevaSi aris ganviTarebuli

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ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

ekonomikisa da biznesis fakulteti

valeri arRuTaSvili

turizmis ganviTarebis strategia da misi ganxorcielebis winaaRmdegobebi

Sida qarTlis regionSi

ekonomikis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis

mosapoveblad warmodgenili sadisertacio naSromi

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: gulnaz erqomaiSvili

ekonomikis akademiuri doqtori

Tsu asocirebuli profesori

Tbilisi

2016

ავტორის სტილი დაცულია

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Sinaarsi

Sesavali ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

Tavi I. turizmis ganviTarebis Taviseburebebi globalizaciis pirobebSi

1.1 turizmis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso tendenciebi-----------------------------------10

1.2. turizmis roli da mniSvneloba qveynis strategiul ganviTarebaSi------23

1.3. adgilobrivi turizmis ganviTarebis politikis formireba da misi

ganxorcielebisaTvis Sesabamisi garemos Seqmna--------------------------------------36

Tavi II. turizmis ganviTarebis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi

2.1. turizmis gavlena saqarTvelos ekonomikur ganviTarebaze da misi

Sefaseba---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63

2.2. saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis mamoZravebeli Zalebis gamovlena

da maTze zemoqmedeba----------------------------------------------------------------------------------95

2.3.turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali saqarTveloSi da misi gansazRvra--101

Tavi III. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis strategia

3.1. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis arsebuli mdgomareoba--110

3.2. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali--------------------131

3.3. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro resursebis

gamovlena da misi racionaluri gamoyeneba-----------------------------------------------149

daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi-------------------------------------------------------------------------------186

gamoyenebuli literatura-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------188

danarTi ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------195

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Sesavali

Temis aqtualuroba: mogzaurobisa da turizmis industria erT-erTi swrafad

mzardi industriaa msoflio masStabiT. Tanamedrove pirobebSi sagrZnoblad

gaizarda turizmis ekonomikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba, rogorc

ganviTarebuli, aseve ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis. rac ganpirobebulia

industriis dadebiTi ekonomikuri efeqtebiT, rogoricaa, adgilobrivi

rezidentebis Semosavlebis zrda, samuSao adgilebis Seqmna, gadasaxadebis

generireba, qveyanaSi ucxouri valutis Semodineba, rac stimuls aZlevs

aseve saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebas sxva momijnave seqtorebSi.

mogzaurobisa da turizmis msoflio sabWos (World Travel & Tourism

Council) monacemebiT, turizmi warmoadgens msoflioSi udides industrias

TiTqmis yvela ekonomikuri maCveneblebiT. 2012 wels pirdapirma kontribuciam

msoflio mTlian Siga produqtSi Seadgina 2,056.6 miliardi aSS dolari, rac

Seadgens msoflio mSp-s 2.9%-s. zrdis tendencia SenarCunda 2013-2014 wlis

monacemebis mixedviT. 2014 wels Seadgina 2,364 miliardi aSS dolari, rac

Seadgens mSp-is 2.9%-s. igi moicavs ekonomikur aqtivobebs ganxorcielebuls

sastumroebSi, turistul saagentoebSi, aviakompaniebSi da sxva mogzaurTa

transportirebis momsaxurebaSi, restornebSi da a.S.1

swrafad cvalebad garemo pirobebSi aqtualuri gaxda turizmis

dagegmvis da mdgradi ganviTarebis sakiTxebi, romelic gulisxmobs, rogorc

ekonomikuri sargeblis zrdas, aseve garemos dacvis, kulturuli

faseulobebis SenarCunebis, negatiuri efeqtebis SezRudvis TvalsazrisiT

Sesabamisi politikis SemuSavebas.

saqarTvelos turizmis strategiuli dagegmvisaTvis mniSvnelovania

sxvadasxva komponentebis gaTvaliswineba, rogoricaa: turistuli atraqciebi

da aqtivobebi, ganTavsebis saSualebebi, transporti, servisi,

infrastruqtura da instituciuri elementebi. aRniSnuli sakiTxebis

gaanalizeba mniSvnelovania rogorc erovnuli, aseve regionuli da

lokaluri gaviTarebis TvalsazrisiT.

1 www.wttc.org

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Tanamedrove msoflioSi turizmi ganixileba, rogorc socialur-

ekonomikuri movlena, romelic pirdapir da irib zegavlenas axdens masTan

dakavSirebul infrastruqturaze. Tumca, saqarTvelo romelic flobs

mdidar turistul resursebs, jer kidev ver miaRwia ganviTarebis im dones,

romelic Tavisi potenciuri SesaZleblobebis adeqvaturia. turistuli

obieqtebi jer kidev aramoTxovnadia turistuli momsaxurebis

infrastruqturis ganuviTareblobis gamo. aseve, arasrulyofilia

xelisuflebis sxvadasxva doneze saxelmwifo regulirebis meqanizmi,

turistul bazrebze kerZo investiciebisaTvis motivaciisa da regionebis

turistuli kompleqsis ekonomikuri analizis efeqtiani meTodebis arseboba

[58].

regionuli turizmis ganviTarebis problemis Sesaxeb arsebobs

sxvadasxva saxis kvlevebi da publikaciebi, sadac sakmaodaa damuSavebuli

regionul ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. romelic saSualebas

gvaZlevs CamovayaliboT regionebSi turizmis ganviTarebis, maregulirebeli

meqanizmebis srulyofis, arsebuli resursebis efeqtianad gamoyenebasTan

dakavSirebuli konceptualuri xedvebi da rekomendaciebi.

sadisertacio naSromis mizani da amocanebi: kvlevis mizans warmoadgens

Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis politikis ZiriTadi

orientirebis gansazRvra, aseve regionis ganviTarebis strategiuli modelis

SemuSaveba. turizmis funqcionirebis socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebis

gamokvlevis safuZvelze regionuli turizmis ganviTarebis efeqtianobisa da

regulirebis srulyofis meqanizmis Sefaseba ekonomikaSi. sadisertacio

naSromis mizanma gansazRvra Semdegi amocanebi:

• turizmis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso tendenciebis Seswavla;

• turizmis rolis da mniSvnelobis Sefaseba qveynis strategiul

ganviTarebaSi;

• Siga turizmis ganviTarebis politikis formireba da misi

ganxorcielebisaTvis Sesabamisi garemos Seqmna;

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• turizmis zegavlenis Sefaseba saqarTvelos regionebis ekonomikur

ganviTarebaze;

• saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis potencialisa da ZiriTadi

mimarTulebebis gamovlenis safuZvelze misi stimulirebis meqanizmis

gansazRvra;

• Sida qarTlis turistuli bazris kvlevis Sedegad Sida qarTlSi

turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro resursebis gamovlena da maTi

racionaluri gamoyenebis gzebis dadgena;

kvlevis sagani da obieqti – naSromis kvlevis sagans warmoadgens turizmis

ganviTarebis politikis formireba da misi ganxorcielebis meqanizmis

srulyofa Sida qarTlis regionSi. kvlevis obieqtia turizmis ganviTarebis

racionaluri strategiis formireba, misi winaaRmdegobebis gamovlena da

daZlevis efeqtiani gzebis dadgena.

kvlevis meTodologiuri da Teoriuli safuZvlebi – naSromze muSaobis

procesSi gamoyenebulia, analizisa da sinTezis, induqciisa da deduqciis,

regresiuli analizis, statistikuri, raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivi kvlevis

teqnika. sakiTxebis siRrmiseulad gaanalizebisaTvis naSromSi gamoyenebulia

sistemuri da situaciuri midgomebi, istoriuli da praqtikul

gamocdilebaTa analizi, pozitiuri da normatiuli debulebebis analizis

meTodebi.

kvlevisaTvis gamoyenebul monacemTa bazas warmoadgens: saqarTvelos

turizmis erovnuli administraciis, ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis

saministros, statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris, erovnuli bankis, msoflio

bankis, mogzaurobisa da turizmis msoflio sabWos, turizmis msoflio

organizaciis statistikuri monacemebi. Sida qarTlis municipalitetebSi

Catarebuli mosaxleobis marketinguli gamokvlevebis Sedegebi da Tematuri

internet – resursebi. agreTve, saerTaSoriso samecniero publikaciebSi

gamoqveynebuli qarTveli da ucxoeli mkvlevarebis naSromebi.

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sadisertacio naSromis mecnieruli siaxle

1. naSromi aris Teoriisa da praqtikis, saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi

gamocdilebis sinTezi. amasTan Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis

ganviTarebis strategiisa da misi ganxorcielebis winaaRmdegobebis

kvleva Tavad warmoadgens siaxles;

2. turizmis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso tendenciebis analizis

safuZvelze gansazRvrulia turizmis roli da mniSvneloba

saqarTvelos da misi regionebis strategiul ganviTarebaSi;

3. dadgenilia regionuli turizmis ganviTarebis racionaluri politikis

formirebisa da misi efeqtiani ganxorcielebisaTvis Sesabamisi garemos

Seqmnis gzebi;

4. gamovlenilia saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis mamoZravebeli

Zalebi da Sefasebulia misi gavlena saqarTvelos da misi regionebis

ekonomikur ganviTarebaze;

5. gansazRvrulia turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali mTlianad

saqarTveloSi da mis regionebSi, konkretulad ki, probiTi modelis

gamoyenebis safuZvelze gaanalizebulia Sida qarTlis regionSi

turizmis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove mdgomareoba, romlis safuZvelzec

gansazRvrulia Sida qarTlis regionis turistuli potenciali,

gamovlenilia regionSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro resursebi

da misi racionaluri gamoyenebis gzebi.

6. turizmis seqtoris marTvis saxelmwifo da regionuli politikis

doneze dasabuTebulia Tu ra principebi unda daedos safuZvlad

politikis ganxorcielebas da ra mimarTulebebze unda iqnas aRebuli

orientacia ekonomikis, Sromis bazris, socialuri ganviTarebis da

garemos mdgradobis Sefasebisas;

7. turizmis ganviTarebis problemebi dakonkretebulia, rogorc

makroekonomikuri politikis doneze, aseve mikroekonomikur,

sawarmoebis marTvis doneze da gakeTebuli mniSvnelovani daskvnebi am

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problemebis raodenobrivi Sefasebis SesaZleblobebisa da

perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb.

naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba

• misi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia saleqcio kursSi – “regionuli

ganviTareba da turizmi”, rogorc bakalavriatis, aseve magistraturis

safexurze;

• turizmis erovnuli administraciis mier turizmis ganviTarebis

Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebisa da rekomendaciebis misaRebad;

• regionebis mier sakuTari turistuli potencialis gansazRvrisa da

misTvis saWiro resursebis gamovlenisa da racionaluri

gamoyenebisaTvis;

• turizmis sferoSi damwyebi mewarmeebisaTvis biznes gegmis Sedgenisa

da misi ganxorcielebisaTvis rekomendaciebis gasawevad moklevadian

da grZelvadian periodisaTvis.

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Tavi I. turizmis ganviTarebis Taviseburebebi globalizaciis

pirobebSi

1.1. turizmis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso tendenciebi

turizmi dRevandeli saxiT, warmoadgens me-20 saukunis fenomens.

istorikosebi varaudoben, rom masobrivi turizmis Sesaxeb msjeloba daiwyo

inglisSi industriuli revoluciis periodSi, saSualo klasis

Camoyalibebasa da SedarebiT iafi gadaadgilebis saSualebebis

ganviTarebasTan erTad. komerciuli aviaxazebis industriis Seqmnam, romelic

mohyva meore msoflio oms da 50-ian wlebSi reaqtiuli TviTmfrinavebis

warmoebis ganviTarebas, gamoiwvia saerTaSoriso mogzaurobis swrafi zrda

da eqspansia. am zrdas mohyva axali industriis - turizmis ganviTareba,

romelsac ganviTarebis xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. adreul saukuneebSi xalxi

mogzaurobda vaWrobis mizniT, religiuri rwmenis gamo, ekonomikuri

sargeblis miRebis, omis, migraciisa da sxva analogiuri motivaciebiT. romis

imperiis xanaSi SeZlebuli aristokratebi da mmarTveli wreebi aseve

mogzaurobdnen siamovnebis misaRebad da gasarTobad. pompeasa da

herkulanumSi mdebare zRvispira kurortebi saSualebas aZlevda romaelebs

gasclodnen romis cxel zafxuls da Tavi SeefarebiaT TavianTi sazafxulo

vilebisaTvis. mogzauroba, sul ufro intensiuri xdeboda da mniSvnelovani

roli iTamaSa civilizaciebis ganviTarebaSi. [14; gv.7-8].

dReisaTvis mogzaurobam da turizmma, rogorc ekonomikuri, ise

socialuri mniSvneloba SeiZina da ganviTarebuli qveynebis umetesobaSi

gaxda yvelaze swrafad mzardi ekonomikuri seqtori.

mogzaurobisa da turizmis msoflio sabWos (World Travel & Tourism

Council) monacemebiT, mogzauroba da turizmi warmoadgens msoflioSi udides

industrias TiTqmis yvela ekonomikuri maCveneblebiT. turizmi ganviTarda,

rogorc msoflios mniSvnelovani socialur–ekonomikuri seqtori

stabilurad izrdeba 4-5%–iT wliurad. adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso

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turizmi aRiarebulia, rogorc msoflios „udidesi industria“. 1995 wels

turizmma Seqmna 3,4 trilioni dolaris mTliani Siga produqti, rac

Seadgenda msoflio mSp-is 10,9%–s. dasaqmebuli iyo 22 milioni adamiani da

ganaxorciela 637 miliardi dolaris saxelmwifo Senatanebi gadasaxadebis

saxiT. aseve icvleba regionebiT dainteresebis msoflio dinamika (ix.

diagrama 1.1.).2

diagrama1.1

wyaro: www. unwto.org

mogzaurobisa da turizmis msoflio sabWos (WTTC) monacemebiT

turizmisa da mogzaurobis industriis pirdapiri kontribucia mTlian Siga

produqtSi 2011 wels iyo 1 972,8 miliardi aSS dolari, rac Seadgens

msoflio mTliani Siga produqtis 2,8%–s. 2012 wels pirdapirma kontribuciam

msoflio mTlian Siga produqtSi Seadgina 2,056.6 miliardi aSS dolari, rac

Seadgens msoflio mSp-s 2.9%-s. zrdis tendencia SenarCunda 2013-2014 wlis

2 www.wttc.org

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monacemebis mixedviT. 2014 wels Seadgina 2,364 miliardi aSS dolari, rac

Seadgens mSp-is 2.9%-s. igi moicavs ekonomikur aqtivobebs, romlebic

ganxorcielda sxvadasxva turistul sawarmoebSi, kerZod, sastumroebSi,

turistul saagentoebSi, aviakompaniebSi da sxva mogzaurTa transportirebis

momsaxurebaSi, restornebSi da a.S.

2023 wlisaTvis mosalodnelia mogzaurobisa da turizmis pirdapiri

kontribuciis zrda mTlian Siga produqtSi 4.4%-iT, rac Seadgens 3,249.2

miliard aSS dolars (mSp-s 3.1%).

wyaro: www.wttc.org

mogzaurobisa da turizmis mTlianma kontribuciam msoflio mTlian Siga

produqtSi 2012 wels Seadgina 7,083 miliardi aSS dolari, investiciebis,

miwodebis jaWvis da Semosavlebis gavlenebis CaTvliT. xolo 2013 wels 7,316

miliardi aSS dolari. wina wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT zrda

3,2-%-ia. 2014 wlis monacemebiT misi wili mSp-Si 9.8%-ia (7,580 mlrd). WTTC

prognoziT 2022 wlisTvis turizmisa da mogzaurobis mTliani kontribucia

ganagrZobs zrdas.3

3www.wttc.org

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diagrama 1.3 mogzaurobisa da turizmis mTliani kontribucia msoflio mSp-

Si. (mlrd aSS dolari)

wyaro: www.wttc.org

2013 wels mogzaurobisa da turizmis industriam moaxdina 100,894,000

pirdapiri samuSao adgilis generireba (mTliani dasaqmebis 3.4%). aRniSnuli

moicavs dasaqmebas ganxorcielebuls sastumroebSi, turistul saagentoebSi,

aviakompaniebSi da sxva mogzaurTa transportirebis momsaxurebaSi,

restornebSi da a.S.

imave wlis monacemebiT mogzaurobisa da turizmis dasaqmebis mTlianma

maCvenebelma (arapirdapiri efeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT) Seadgina 270,723,000

samuSao adgili, mTliani dasaqmebis 8.9.%. 2014 wlis monacemebis mixedviT

zrdis dinamika SenarCunda rogorc pirdapir, aseve arapirdapir

dasaqmebulTa maCveneblebSi.

WTTC - is eqspertebi varaudobdnen, rom 2022 wlisaTvis turizmisa da

mogzaurobis seqtorSi dasaqmebis mTliani kontribucia gaizrdeboda 120 470

000 samuSao adgilamde, anu 1,9 %–iT aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi Tumca

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dReisaTvis turizmisa da maspinlobis industriis mTliani kontribucia

dasaqmebaSi 2014 wlisaTvis Seadgens 276,845.

diagrama 1.4 mogzaurobisa da turizmis mTliani kontribucia dasaqmebaSi

(mln)

wyaro: www.wttc.org

mniSvnelovania, rom qveyanam da xelisuflebam adekvaturad aRiqvas

turizmis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove tendenciebi, raTa sworad daigegmos

turizmis ganviTarebis prioritetuli mimarTulebebi. aucilebelia, rom igi

Seesabamebodes Tanamedrove tendenciebs da turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis

moTxovnebs.

turizmis Tvisebrivi analizidan gamomdinare gamoikveTa Semdegi

ZiriTadi tendenciebi:

• met turists surs miiRos monawileoba rekreaciaSi, sportSi,

TavgadasavlebSi, Seiswavlos istoria, kultura, buneba, veluri

garemo. turisti aris fizikurad da inteleqtualurad metad aqtiuri,

vidre es iyo winaT;

http://www.wttc.org/

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• met turists surs misdios Tavis specifikur interess da hobis.

arsebobs mravali specifikuri interesi dafuZnebuli bunebaze da

velur garemoze, istoriul sanaxaobaze, ainteresebT kulturuli

Zeglebi, ekonomikuri aqtivobebi, da aqvT mravalferovani profesiuli

interesebi;

• „siZveleebTan Sexeba“, bunebis, kulturuli da saTavgadasavlo

turizmi aris mudmivad ganviTarebadi mimarTuleba turizmSi. xolo

turizmis erT-erTi uZvelesi mimarTuleba - religiuri miznebiT

mogzauroba da momlocveloba - arc XXI saukuneSi ar kargavs Tavis

mniSvnelobas;

• axal turistul produqtebze moTxovna permanentulad izrdeba. rac

iZleva SesaZleblobebs Seiqmnas axali, mimzidveli daniSnulebis

adgilebi turistebisTvis da gaumjobesdes ukve arsebuli atraqciebi

[22, gv.19].

• turistis interesebis sferoSia gaiumjobesos janmrTeloba,

Sesabamisad, moTxovnadia gamajansaRebeli kurortebi, abazanebi, spa,

aseve, medicinis sxva saSualebebi;

• aseve turistebi upiratesobas aniWeben moklevadian, magram xSir

mogzaurobas, rac iwvevs turistuli dasvenebis intesifikacias da mis

gajerebas eqskursiebiT, SexvedrebiT, gaseirnebebiT;

• izrdeba socialurad daucveli adamianebisa da unar–SezRudulebis

daintereseba turistuli produqtebiT;

• Tanamedrove turisti aris metad gamocdili, daxvewili, gemovnebiani

da momTxovni, maT izidavT atraqciebi momsaxurebis maRali xarisxiT;

• bevri turisti moiTxovs karg dizains, ekologiurad sufTa da

naklebad dabinZurebul turistul obieqtebs, uaryofs eklogiuri da

socialuri problemebis gamomwvev cudad dagegmil atraqciebs; [30]

• turistuli obieqtebis umetesoba aris adaptirebuli da dagegmili

maRali xarisxis momsaxurebisTvis da Tavs aridebs ekologiur da

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socialur problemebs, aseve mimarTulia ekonomikuri sargeblis

optimizaciisken;

• mimdinareobs Zveli turistuli kurortebis modernizeba da gaaxleba,

raTa upasuxos Tanamedrove moTxovebs. es ki gulisxmobs

racionalurad dagegmili RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas;

• mzardia turizmis seqtorSi Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyeneba,

gansakuTrebiT iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa momaragebis sistema,

rezervaciis sfero, internet–marketingi. interneti xdeba

mniSvnelovani sainformacio da marketinguli iaraRi [91, gv.19-20].

msoflioSi mniSvnelovani tendenciaa turizmis ganviTareba im

adgilebSi sadac, surT SeinarCunon bunebrivi garemo, istoriuli adgilebi

da kulturuli tradiciebi. ekoturizmi da kulturuli turizmi xSir

SemTxvevaSi aris ganviTarebuli iseT adgilebSi, sadac sasurvelia

obieqtebis konservacia, da ar aris sakmarisi resursebi amisaTvis. aq

finansuri resursebis Sevseba xdeba turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebidan,

rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani midgomaa, SezRuduli resursebis

pirobebSi, konservaciis programebis dasanergad.

aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom turizmis produqtebis da momsaxurebis miwodeba

xdeba kerZo seqtoris mier, magram es xorcieldeba mTavrobis mier

gansazRvrul CarCoSi da pirobebSi. eseigi pasuxismgeblobis ganawileba

unda moxdes centralur, regionul, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis

warmomadgenlebsa da kerZo seqtoris menejmentis mier. raTa TanxvedraSi

iyos erovnuli, regionuli, da sazogadoebrivi, ekologiuri da socialur–

ekonomikuri miznebi. zogierT adgilebSi, saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi

arsebuli sastumroebi axla privatizebulia, rogorc erovnuli politikis

nawili. Tumca, zogierT axlad ganviTarebad turistul zonaSi, sadac

rTulia mimdinare etapze kerZo investiciis mozidva mTavroba SeiZleba

gaxdes pirveli ganmaviTarebeli da mxolod Semdeg axdens kerZo

seqtorisaTvis mimzidveli wilis gasxvisebas [17].

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turistuli moTxovnis tendenciebis Seswavlisas irkveva, rom turizmi

gansakuTrebiT viTardeba ganviTarebul, civilizebul qveynebSi. turizmis

ganviTarebisken swrafvas iwvevs is pozitiuri gavlenebi, rasac turizmi

axdens socialur–ekonomikur da regionul ganviTarebaze. turizmis sferoSi

ganxorcielebuli aqtivobebi, naTlad vlindeba turizmis seqtoris

mravalricxovan dadebiT efeqtebSi, maT Soris aRsaniSnavia:

1. mosaxleobis dasaxleba da damagreba;

2. cxovrebis donis, xarisxis gaumjobeseba;

3. sawarmoo Zalebis ganviTareba da ganaxleba;

4. kulturaTa gacvla;

5. kavSirebis ganviTareba ucxo qveynebTan, biznes–urTierTobebis

Camoyalibeba;

6. mrewvelobis ganviTareba;

7. rekreaciuli centrebis ganviTareba;

8. calkeuli raionebis ganviTareba;

9. sxva dargebis ganviTarebis stimulireba (multiplikaciuri efeqti);

10. regionuli ganviTarebis faqtori;

11. ekonomikuri integraciis da globalizaciis stimulireba [11, gv.34-35].

miuxedavad STambeWdavi ekonomikuri monacemebisa, mogzaurobisa da

turizmis industriis erT-erT mTavar problemas warmoadgens am industriis

mravalferovneba da fragmentacia, romelic SeumCnevels xdis ekonomikaze

mis zegavlenas da arTulebs statistikuri monacemebis realisturobas [92].

mogzaurobisa da turizmis industria moicavs sastumroebs, motelebs,

ganTavsebis sxva saSualebebs; restornebs da kvebis sxva momsaxurebebs;

satransporto momsaxurebasa da saSualebebs; atraqciebs, garTobisa da

dasvenebis obieqtebs; suvenirebisa da sxva sawarmoTa did raodenobas. imis

gamo, rom zemoT CamoTvlili momsaxurebiT sargebloben adgilobrivi

rezidentebic, vizitorTa danaxarjebi SesaZloa advilad iqnes

gadaWarbebulad Sefasebuli, an dakninebuli [42, gv.328].

16

meisi (Meis, 1992) aRniSnavs, rom turizmis industria moicavs

koncefciebs, romlebic jer kidev rCeba amorfuli, rogorc

analitikosebisaTvis, ise gadawyvetilebis mimRebTaTvis. ufro metic, es

problema qmnis sirTules industriis sando da sruli sainformacio bazis

SeqmnaSi, raTa zustad Sefasdes turizmis Senatani regionul, erovnul da

globalur ekonomikaSi. amave dros mravalferovani buneba aqcevs

mogzaurobasa da turizms idealur mamoZravebel Zalad ekonomikuri

ganviTarebisaTvis bevr qveyanaSi, regionsa da sazogadoebaSi. faqtiurad,

turizmi iqca udides produqtad saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi msoflios bevri

qveynisaTvis. magaliTad: turizmi aris Semosavlis udidesi wyaro

saberZneTSi, italiaSi, espaneTSi, SveicariaSi da karibis qveynebis

umetesobaSi; xolo, turizmis industria - nomeri pirveli damsaqmebelia

avstraliaSi, braziliaSi, kanadaSi, safrangeTSi, germaniaSi, hon-kongSi,

italiaSi, iaponiaSi, singapurSi, did britaneTsa da aSS-Si [14, gv.11]

qveynebis, regionebis ganviTarebaSi turizmis socialur–ekonomikuri

rolis Sefasebis mizniT 2012 wlis 21-26 aprils, katarSi Catarda gaeros

konferencia “vaWroba da ganviTareba” (UNCTAD - XIII), sadac UNTAD –is

generaluri mdivani supaCei paniCpakdi (Supachai Panichpakdi) acxadebda, rom

turizmisa da qveynebis ganviTarebis parametrebs Soris dadebiTi korelacia

ufro metad TvalSisacemi xdeba wlidan wlamde. orive mimarTulebiT

gaumjobesebis miRweva ki SesaZlebelia mxolod ukeTesi politikiT, im

saministroebsa da departamentebs Soris TanamSromlobis koordinirebiT,

romlebic ayalibeben turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saTanado biznesgaremos.

konferenciaze aRiniSna, rom seqtori dReisaTvis ganviTarebadi qveynebis

mTliani Siga produqtis 50%-s Seadgens. UNTAD –is aRmasrulebelma

direqtorma konkurenciis, sagareo urTierTobebis da partniorobis dargSi

marsio favilam (Marcio Favilla) aRniSna, rom turizms Tavisi mniSvnelovani

adgili aqvs ,,mwvane” ganviTarebaSi da momdevno dekadebSi is ufro mZlavr

17

sityvas ityvis aseve mdgradi planetis, zrdadi ekonomikis da yvelasaTvis

ukeTesi cxovrebis SeqmnaSi.4

rogorc vnaxeT, turizmi xdeba erT–erTi ZiriTadi socialur–

ekonomikuri seqtori samyaroSi, mniSvnelovani segmenti msoflio vaWrobaSi.

Sida turizmi ekonomikuri rolis mxriv Sefasebulia aTjer ufro metad,

vidre saerTaSoriso turizmi. saerTaSoriso da Sida turizmi aris

mniSvnelovani da swrafad mzardi ganviTarebad qveynebSi, isini aZliereben

regions da Sedegd Zlierdeba TviTon seqtoric [57]. turizmi moicavs

dasvenebas da biznes-mogzaurobebs, aseve, mogzaurobas sxva miznebiT.

dagegmva unda Seexos yvela obieqts da momsaxurebas, romelzec arsebobs

moTxovna da raSic ixarjeba fuli lokalur garemoSi [81].

TiToeul turistul centrsa da teritorias aqvs is resursi, romelic

ganxilul unda iqnas rogorc turizmis ZiriTadi saxeoba da mimarTuleba

da adgilobriv doneze gaTvaliswinebul iqnas dargis strategiul

dagegmvaSi. ZiriTadi tendencia aris is, rom met turists surs miiRos

monawileoba sportul RonisZiebebSi, saTavgadasavlo turizmSi, vizitebisas

ainteresebT rekreacia, istoriis Seswavla, kulturisa da bunebrivi garemos

gacnoba. specialuri interesebi da saTavgadasavlo turizmi swrafad

farTovdeba, rogorc turizmis sxva specializebuli formebi, rogoricaa

kulturuli, SemecnebiTi, samedicino da religiuri turizmi. ekoturizmi

xdeba Zalian popularuli. mravali turisti interesdeba axali

„daniSnulebis adgiliT“ da axali turistuli produqtebiT, romlebic

kargad aris dagegmili da ar qmnis ekologiur an socialur problemebs.

aseve, sul ufro farTovdeba biznes mogzauroba, konferenciebi da

Sexvedrebi [11, gv.33].

turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefcia - aqtualuria seqtoris

mdgradi ganviTarebis SenarCuneba. mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefcia da

mdgradi turizmi gaerTianebuli erebis, WTO–s da mravali erovnuli da

adgilobrivi mTavrobis yuradRebis centrSia. 1992 wels msoflio samitze

4 www.unwto.org

18

miRebul iqna 21–e konvencia, mogzaurobis da turizmis industriis mdgradi

ganviTarebisaTvis. WTO–s mixedviT mdgradi turizmis roli niSnavs:

„mdgradi turizmis ganviTarebas, romelic TanxvedraSia Tanamedrove

turistis moTxovnebTan maspinZlobis regionebSi, aseve icavs da aZlierebs

SesaZleblobebs momavlisaTvis. is marTavs yvela resurss da am gziT

akmayofilebs ekonomikur, socialur, esTetikur moTxovnilebebs da mxars

uWers kulturaTa integracias, mniSvnelovan ekologiur procesebs,

biomravalferovnebas da cxovrebis mxardaWeris sistemebs“. konvenciaSi

xazgasmulia, rom mdgradi turizmi niSnavs bunebrivi, istoriuli da

kulturuli resursebis ganviTarebas xangrZlivi moxmarebisTvis momavalSi,

iseve rogorc dRes. faqtobrivad, turizmi zrdis Semosavlis miRebis

resursebs. mdgradi turizmis ganviTarebiT izRudeba garemoze uaryofiTi

zegavlena da socialur-kulturuli problemebi, izrdeba garemosdacviTi da

turistis kmayofilebis done da xarisxi. Sesabamisad turizmi, rogorc

dargTaSorisi kompleqsi aumjobesebs sazogadoebis cxovrebis dones [50,

gv.35-45 ].

mdgradi turizmis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi principebis CarCoebSi

SeiZleba davaskvnaT Semdegi:

• bunebrivi, istoriuli, da sxva turistuli resursebi konservirdeba

xangrZlivi gamoyenebisTvis momavalSi, maSin roca dResac moaqvs

sargebeli Tanamedrove sazogadoebisTvis. mdgradi ganviTarebiseuli

midgoma aris mniSvnelovani turizmSi, radgan es seqtori

damokidebulia ZiriTadad turistebis mozidvaze da aqtivobebze, es ki

mWidro kavSirSia arealis bunebriv garemosTan, istoriul da

kulturul memkvidreobasTan. Tu es resursebi degradirdeba, an

ingreva, maSin turizmic ver ganviTardeba. aseve resursebis konservacia

SesaZloa gaizardos turizmis zrdasTan erTad. kulturuli

tradiciebis da eTnikuri identobis sasurveli aspeqtebis SenarCuneba

aris mniSvnelovani elementi arealis kulturuli memkvidreobis

dacvaSi. turistuli resursebis konservacias SeuZlia daexmaros

19

rezidentebs, raTa maT Rrmad gaacnobieron TaviaanTi memkvidreoba da

mxari dauWiron mis SenarCunebas;

• turizmis ganviTareba aris dagegmili da marTuli, ise rom ar qmnis

seriozul ekologiur da socio–kulturul problemebs turistul

arealSi. garemos dagegmvis mxardaWera, SesaZleblobebis SenarCuneba

da simZlavreebis analizi aris mniSvnelovani saSualeba

garemosdacviTi da socio–kulturuli problemebis prevenciisTvis,

romelic SeiZleba turizmma gamoiwvios. maTi dacva ki turizmis

ganviTarebas uwyobs xels;

• turizmis arealis zogadi garemos xarisxi SenarCunebulia da

gaumjobesebuli, sadac es saWiroa. bevr turists surs imogzauros

mimzidvel da ekologiurad sufTa garemoSi. turizms SeuZlia

uzrunvelyos da gaaumjobesos garemos xarisxi. rezidentebisaTvisac

es Zalian mniSvnelovania;

• turistis dakmayofilebis maRali xarisxi uzrunvelyofs turistuli

regionisa Tu atraqciis popularobas da konkurentunarianobas.

atraqcia saWiroebs mudmiv ganaxlebas, raTa SeinarCunos mdgradoba da

iyos konkurentunariani;

• turizmidan miRebul ekonomikur sargebels mas axasiaTebs

multiplikatoruli efeqti. aseve aRniSnuli xels uwyobs sxva

dargebis ganviTarebasa da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ekonomikuri

Semosavlebis zrdas. sazogadoebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT

Seqmnili turistuli proeqtebis warmoeba mniSvnelovani saSualebaa,

lokaluri rezidentebisTvis ekonomikuri Semosavlebisa da seqtoris

ganviTarebisaTvis [47, gv. 238-239].

turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis principebi ganapirobebs mis politikurad

moTxovnadobas. 21–e konvencia qmnis damcav fars planetis mdgradi

momavlisTvis. is danergili da aRiarebulia 182 qveynis mTavrobis mier.

msoflio turistuli organizacia, mogzaurobis da turizmis msoflio

sabWo, gaero rekomendacias aZlevs qveynebis mTavrobebsa da turizmis

20

sferoSi moRvawe yvela subieqts daicvas konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli

principebi, kerZod:

• mTavroba da seqtorSi CarTuli yvela obieqti unda emsaxurebodes

turizmis mdgrad ganviTarebas;

• kompaniebma, sistemis da procedurebis Camoyalibebisas unda Seqmnan

mdgradi ganviTarebis pirobebi, rogorc erTiani menejmentis

funqciuri nawili da ganaxorcielon turizmis mdgradi

ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebi [65].

mdgradi turizmi SesaZlebelia ganviTardes turizmis seqtoris

zedmiwevniT dagegmviT da menejmentiT. turizmis dagegmvis doneebia:

• saerTaSoriso done;

• erovnuli done;

• regionuli done;

• lokaluri saTemo done;

• sanaxaobis dagegmvis done;

• arqiteqturuli, landSaftirebis da inJineringis dizainis done [47, gv.

240].

turizmis dagegmva da marTva koordinirebuli unda iyos yvela doneze.

marTalia, mniSvnelovania, lokaluri da regionuli aqcentebi, magram is

aucileblad unda iTvaliswinebdes erovnul politikas da gegmebs [96].

21

1.2. turizmis roli da mniSvneloba qveynis strategiul ganviTarebaSi

turizmi sasargeblocaa da sazianoc garemosTvis. kargad dagegmili,

ganviTarebuli da marTuli turizmi qmnis axal samuSao adgilebs,

Semosavlebs da axal SesaZleblobebs adgilobrivi mewarmeebisTvis, raTa

Camoayalibon turistuli sawarmoebi. es yvelaferi aumjobesebs

rezidentebis cxovrebis standartebs. turistul produqtze moTxovna

anviTarebs infrastruqturas, romelic gamoiyeneba rezidentebis mier.

turizms SeuZlia astimuliros sxva ekonomikuri aqtivobebi, seqtorebi,

rogoricaa soflis meurneoba, mrewveloba da xelosnoba. turizmi aseve

xels uwyobs axali dargebis warmoSobas, astimulirebs kulturaTaSoris

gacvliT urTierTobebs, infrastruqturis, aseve komunaluri momsaxurebis

obieqtebisa da samsaxurebis modernizacias, romelic SesaZlebelia

gamoyenebuli iqnes, rogorc adgilobrivi moqalaqeebis, aseve turistebis

mier. turizmi xels uwyobs turistuli arealis, kerZod, bunebrivi garemos,

arqeologiuri, istoriuli mxareebis, xelosnobis, kulturuli tradiciebis

konservacias, ekologiis xarisxis gaumjobesebas, radgan es aris atraqcia

turistisTvis [90, gv.27-29].

Tu turizmi kargad ar aris dagegmili, marTuli da ganviTarebuli,

SeuZlia gamoiwvios Warbi dasaxleba, garemos dabinZureba da sxva

ekologiuri problemebi. turistebis mxridan bunebrivi konservirebuli

garemos da istoriuli teritoriebis arakontrolirebadma gamoyenebam

SesaZloa gamoiwvios maTi mdgomareobis gauareseba. kulturuli tradiciebis

zedmetma komercializebam SeiZleba Sedegad mogvces arealis kulturuli

memkvidreobis degradireba. saboloo jamSi ikargeba ekonomikuri sargebeli,

Tu ar gakontroldeba turizmis ganviTareba. ase, rom frTxili dagegmviT,

ganviTarebiT da menejmentiT turizmidan sargeblis maqsimizeba da

problemebis minimizeba SesaZlebelia, Tumca garkveuli kompromisebi

gardauvalia [43].

turistuli sistema unda iqnes gagebuli, rogorc dagegmili turizmi.

es sistema aris integrirebuli da dafuZnebuli moTxovna miwodebis

22

faqtorebze. moTxovnis faqtorebia saerTaSoriso da Sida turistebi.

miwodebis komponentebia turistuli atraqciebi da aqtivobebi, ganTavsebis

adgilebi da sxva turistuli momsaxureba da servisi, transportireba, sxva

infastruqtura. miwodebis mxare cnobilia, rogorc turistuli produqti.

turizmi da garemo aris erTmaneTTan axlos dakavSirebuli. mdgradi

turizmis ganviTareba damokidebulia garemo resursebis xelSewyobaze

turizmisTvis. mdgradi turizmis ganviTarebaSi partniorebi arian turizmis

industria, garemos damcvelebi da adgilobrivi sazogadoeba [14, gv. 320].

yovelma lokalurma garemom, romelic moicavs ganviTarebad da

gafarToebad turizms, frTxilad unda Seafasos Tavisi resursebi

turizmisTvis. arsebuli da potenciuri turistuli atraqciebis da

aqtivobebis SefasebisTvis resursebi dakavSirebulia bunebriv garemosTan,

kulturul memkvidreobasTan da specializebulia TvisebebiT, rogoricaa:

ekonomikuri aqtivobebi, urbanuli adgilebi, soflis garemo, janmrTeloba

da medikamentebi, religiuri mimarTulebebi, turistuli SesaZleblobebis da

momsaxurebis arsebuli ganviTareba. transportireba da sxva

infrastruqtura da trenirebuli samuSao Zala. damatebiT, sxva moqmedi

faqtori turizmis ganviTarebaze, romelic unda Sefasdes aris turistuli

bazrebi, fasebi da turistuli arealis keTilmowyoba, konkurenti

daniSnulebis adgilebi, sazogadoebis mgrZnobeloba turizmis ganviTarebaze,

sazogadoebis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, arealis daculoba da

politikuri stabiluroba.5

turizmis sargebeli da problemebi adgilobrivi sazogadoebisTvis -

turizms SeuZlia moitanos mniSvnelovani sargebeli adgilobrivi

sazogadoebisaTvis. igi moicavs Semdeg aspeqtebs:

• mniSvnelovani sargebeli, romelic unda moitanos turizmma aris axali

samuSao adgilebi; turizmi samuSao adgilebs ZiriTadad qmnis

axalgazrdebisTvis, qalebisTvis, adgilobriv umciresobaTa

jgufebisTvis. turizmi dasaqmebas axorcielebs ara mxolod pirdapir,

5 www.unwto.org

23

sastumroebSi, restornebSi, da sxva turistul sawarmoebSi, aseve sxva

miwodebis seqtorSi, rogoricaa soflis meurneoba, xelosnoba da

mrewveloba. ekonomikurad depresiul arealSi samuSao adgilebi,

romelsac qmnis turizmi, SesaZloa Semcirdes axalgazrdebis

emigraciis Sedegad da eZebon samuSao sxvagan;

• turizmis ganviTarebas SeuZlia astimuliros adgilobrivi turistuli

sawarmoebi, es qmnis SesaZleblobebs adgilobrivi investirebisaTvis,

axal samuSao adgilebs, sargebels, Semosavlebs da a.S. ufro zogadad

ki mewarmeobis ganviTareba, romelic SesaZloa ar arsebuliyo am

adgilze manamde;

• gazrdili Semosavlebi iqmneba axali samuSao adgilebisgan da

turistuli mewarmeobisgan. es ki aumjobesebs adgilobrivi cxovrebis

standartebs. Tu komerciuli mewarmeoba aris adgilobrivTa

mflobelobaSi da mmarTvelobaSi, sargebeli, romelsac isini qmnian

isev imave teritoriaze rCeba;

• turizmi qmnis adgilobriv sagadasaxado Semosavlebs, romelic

SesaZloa gamoyenebuli iqnes komunaluri pirobebis, momsaxurebis da

infrastruqturis gaumjobesebaze, rogoricaa skolebi, samedicino

klinikebi, biblioTekebi, parkebi, rekreaciuli resursebi da gzebi;

• turizmSi dasaqmebulebi swavloben axal unar–Cvevebs da

teqnologiebs, rogoricaa kompiuteris gamoyeneba, klientebis

momsaxureba, es ki xels uwyobs adgilobrivi adamianuri resursebis

ganviTarebas, rac transferirebadia sxva ekonomikur aqtivobebSic;

• turizms SeuZlia Seqmnas axali bazrebi adgilobrivi produqciisTvis,

rogoricaa agraruli, meTevzeobis, xelovnebis, xelnakeTobebis,

samrewvelo produqciis, amasTanave astimulirebs sxva adgilobriv

ekonomikur mimarTulebebs. turistuli SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebam

SesaZloa xeli Seuwyos adgilobriv mSeneblobebs;

• turizmi astimulirebs da aumjobesebs sacalo gayidvebs, rekreacias,

kulturul resursebs, kerZod, specializebul maRaziebs, savaWro

24

ubnebs, parkebs, rekreacias, kulturul centrebs, Teatrebs, romlis

gamoyeneba SeuZliaT, rogorc adgilobriv rezidentebs, aseve

turistebs. turizmi exmareba kulturuli SesaZleblobebis da

aqtivobebis dafinansebas, rogoricaa Teatraluri warmodgenebi,

romlis Senaxvac rTulia turizmis gareSe;

• turistuli teritoriis garemos xarisxi SesaZloa gaumjobesdes,

rogorc turizmis Sedegi, radgan turistebi upiratesobas aniWeben

mimzidvel, daubinZurebel adgilebSi vizits. miwis gamoyeneba da

transportirebaze zrunva SesaZloa gaumjobesdes, radgan turizmi

xels uwyobs zogierTi adgilebis xelaxal ganviTarebas;

• turizmi aumjobesebs garemosdacviTi kulturuli identurobis

gacnobierebas, rezidentebis mxridan, roca isini xedaven, rom turisti

dadebiT emociebs gamoxatavs lokalur garemoze, kulturul da

istoriul memkvidreobaze. xSirad rezidentebi aviTareben da

uaxldebaT siamayis grZnoba TavianTi memkvidreobis gamo, roca xedaven

rom turistebi jerovnad afaseben maT, Sesabamisad, turizmi

astimulirebs kulturuli memkvidreobis ama Tu im aspeqtis

gamococxlebas, romelic sxva mxriv ikargeba Tanamedrove ganviTarebis

kvaldakval [21, gv.120-127; 90, gv.28-29].

sqema 1. 1. asaxavs turizmis ekonomikuri sargeblis nakadebs lokalur

garemoze. rogorc diagramaze aris aRniSnuli, ekonomikuri sargebeli

izRudeba, roca produqciis momarageba xdeba gare arealidan. adgilobrivad

warmoebuli saqonelis da momsaxurebis gamoyeneba ki iZleva sargeblis

zrdis saSualebas adgilobriv ekonomikaSi. diagrama aseve gviCvenebs, rom

zogierTi atraqcia, SesaZleblobebi da servisebi – parkebi, sportuli

centrebi, Teatrebi, maRaziebi, xelovnebis da xelosnobis galereebi –

ganviTarebuli turizmisTvis, SesaZlebelia gamoiyenon mnaxvelebma.

25

turizmi da sazogadoeba sqema 1.1

wyaro: WTO, Guide for Local Authorities on Development Local Tourism, p.30

arasworad dagegmilma da ganviTarebulma turizmma SeiZleba

gamoiwvios Semdegi problemebi adgilobriv garemoSi:

• fexiT mosiaruleTa da transportis siWarbe quCebSi, parkirebis

problemebi, xmauri, rac arakontrolirebuli turizmis Sedegia;

• haeris dabinZureba SesaZloa gamoiwvios turistebis da maTi gadamyvani

operatorebis satransporto saSualebebis siWarbem. aq mniSvneloba

aqvs am saSualebebis konstruqcias, Tvisebriobas;

• turistuli areali SesaZloa gaxdes aramimzidveli, rac SeiZleba

gamoiwvios turistuli produqtis Seuferebelma dizainma, uSno

reklamebma da danagvianebam turistebis mxridan;

• mniSvnelovani turistuli atraqciebi, rogoricaa muzeumebi, Teatrebi,

parkebi SesaZloa imdenad Warbad iyos gamoyenebuli, rom adgilobriv

rezidentebs ar hqondeT xelmisawvdomoba, es iwvevs turistebis mimarT

agresias adgilobrivebis mxridan;

• nacionaluri parkebis, arqeologiuri, istoriuli mxareebis

arakontrolirebadma gamoyenebam turistebis mxridan - SesaZloa

26

gamoiwvios maTi dazianeba, magaliTad, veluri garemos xSiri

monaxuleba xels uSlis mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros bunebriv

ganviTarebas. aseve SesaZloa gauaresdes istoriuli da arqiteqturuli

Zeglebis mdgomareoba;

• SesaZloa gamoiwvios kulturuli memkvidreobis, xelosnobis,

xelovnebis degradireba, daikargos kulturuli identuroba, Tu is

iqneba komercializebuli da modificirebuli, aseve daikargos

tradiciebi, lokaluri kulturuli faseulobebi;

• ekonomikuri sargeblis miReba, adgilobrivi sazogadoebisTvis da

rezidentebisTvis SesaZloa SeizRudos, Tu adamianuri resursebi

konkretuli arealis garedan iqneba dasaqmebuli daniSnulebis

adgilze. xSirad xdeba, rom araadgilobrivi piri aris turistuli

obieqtis mesakuTre. aseve ekonomikuri danakargia, roca meti wili

turizmSi gamoyenebuli saqonlisa aris importirebuli garedan. Tumca

es SesaZlebelia aucilebelic iyos adgilze ararsebobis gamo.

dagegmvas, gegmebis mudmiv danergvas da efeqtian menejments SeuZlia

sargeblis maqsimizeba da problemebis minimizeba. Tumca danakargebi aris

gardauvali, maT Soris turizmSic. sazogadoebam unda gadawyvitos, rogor

SeuZlia gazardos sargebeli, Seamciros problemebi, moelodes danakargebs,

sargebels da problemebsac turizmis ganviTarebisgan [90, gv.29-31].

turizmis funqcionaluri sistema dafuZnebulia miwodeba–moTxovnis

faqtorebze, rogorc aris sqema 1.2–Si [90,gv.32]. moTxovnis faqtorebi moicavs

potenciur turistul bazrebs, Sidas da saerTaSorisos. miwodebis

faqtorebi warmodgenilia atraqciebiT, transportirebiT, simZlavreebiT,

momsaxurebiT da turizmis miwodebiT.

27

turizmis funqcionaluri sistema sqema 1. 2.

wyaro: Vacationscape. Clare Gunn. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis. 1997.p.32

ganTavsebis saSualebebi, mogzaurobisa da momsaxurebis mravali

saxeoba, atraqciebi da sxva mimarTulebebi tipurad moicavs turizmis

komerciul, kerZo seqtors, maT erTobliobaSi uwodeben turizmis

industrias. turistebis molodinebis da STabeWdilebebis uzrunvelsayofad,

saWiroa investiciebis ganxorcieleba turistul samewaremo saqmianobaSi,

sadac operaciebis efeqtianobiT, inovaciebis danergviT, momsaxurebis

xarisxis gaumjobesebiT unda moxdes Tanamedrove turistuli produqtebis

formireba, romelic pasuxobs turistebis molodins [42, gv.12-20].

turistuli atraqciebis mravali saxeoba, rogoricaa parkebi,

arqeologiuri da istoriuli teritoriebi xSirad gvxvdeba samTavrobo

saagentoebis mflobelobaSi, maTi mmarTvelobis qveS. miRebuli

SemosavlebiT xdeba operaciuli xarjebis dafarva da am adgilebis

ganviTareba. transporti da sxva infrastruqtura aris tipurad mTavrobis an

kerZo da saxelmwifo seqtoris Sereuli korporaciebis mflobelobis da

mmarTvelobis qveS [42, gv.213-220].

turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis marketingi da turizmis sistemis

sxva instituciuri elementebi aseve aris tipurad mTavrobis, an Sereulad

28

kerZo da saxelmwifo seqtoris erToblivi pasuxismgeblobis qveS. mTavrobis

mxridan turizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba da misi koordinireba aris

mniSvnelovani, raTa miRebuli iqnes mravalferovani turistuli obieqtebi

da ekonomikuri sargebeli sazogadoebis mxridan seriozuli, ekologiuri,

ekonomikuri da sociokulturuli problemebis Seqmnis gareSe [74].

turizmis seqtoris warmatebuli ganviTareba konkretul teritoriaze,

moiTxovs mravalferovani turistuli produqtis Seqmnas da turistuli

bazris ganviTarebas. unda Seiqmnas produqti, romelic uzrunvelyofs

Tanamedrove turistis moTxovnilebaTa da molodinis dakmayofilebas.

magram amave dros ar SeiZleba misi siWarbe, raTa ar Seuqmnas ekologiuri

da socialuri problemebi adgilobriv sazogadoebas. turistuli bazari da

turizmis produqcia unda moeqces eTikur CarCoSi, romelic uzrunvelyofs

mdgradi, dabalansebuli turizmis ganviTarebas da moaxdens sazogadoebrivi

sargeblis optimizacias. garemo da turizmi mWidro kavSirSi arian

erTmaneTTan. garemo arsebobs mravali atraqcias turistebisTvis xolo

turizmis ganviTarebas SeuZlia hqondes rogorc pozitiuri, aseve negatiuri

gavlena garemoze. mdgradi turizmis ganviTareba damokidebulia eko

resursebis dacvaze efeqtian gamoyenebaze [47, gv. 11-13].

mdgradi turizmis ganviTarebis lobistebi arian turizmis industria

– turizmis komerciuli sawarmoebis mesakuTreebi da menejerebi; garemos

damcvelebi icaven garemos konservacias da sazogadoeba – rezidentebi,

sazogadoebrivi jgufebi.

sqema 1.3. partniorebs Soris interaqciis ilustraciaa, romelic

aucilebelia adgilobrivi sazogadoebis cxovrebis xarisxis

gasaumjobeseblad. agreTve miRweul unda iqnes turistuli resursebis

konservaciis pirobebSi gonivruli sargebelis zRvari turistebisTvis da

turizmis industriisTvis.

29

turizmis industria, garemo da sazogadoeba. sqema 1.3.

wyaro: WTO, Guide for Local Authorities on Development Local Tourism, p.34

yvela zemoT aRniSnul partniors Soris kooperireba aris

mniSvnelovani winapiroba mdgradi turizmis ganviTarebis misaRwevad,

romelic aumjobesebs adgilobrivi rezidentebis cxovrebis xarisxs. aseve

aucilebelia kooperireba sxvadasxva dainteresebul jgufebs Soris.

yoveli adgilobrivi areali, an sazogadoeba, romelic CarTulia

turizmis ganviTarebaSi, an afarToebs arsebuli turizmis seqtors,

valdebulia maqsimalurad zustad Seafasos resursebi turizmisTvis. es

Sefaseba aucilebelia teritoriaze turizmis ganviTarebis potencialis

dasadgenad, Tu romelia turizmis metad Sesaferisi mimarTuleba, romelic

unda ganviTardes. Tu dadginda, rom arsebobs ganviTarebis potenciali,

Sesrulebuli samuSao qmnis safuZvels Sedges turizmis ganviTarebis

detaluri gegma.

turistuli resursebis saxeebis Sefasebis obieqtebia: atraqciebi da

aqtivobebi, dakavSirebuli bunebriv garemosTan, romelsac SeuZlia Seqmnas

zRvispira da sazRvao turizmis SesaZleblobebi, sawylosno sportis

saxeobebi, saTxilamuro turizmi, veluri garemos buneba da ekoturizmi,

mogzauroba, meTevzeoba da nadiroba, specialuri bunebrivi sanaxaobebi,

30

rogoricaa CanCqeri, gamoqvabulebi, saTavgadasavlo turizmi, kldeze cocva,

alpinizmi, naosnoba da specialuri interesebis turizmi, dakavSirebuli

turistebis specifikur interesebTan, frinvelebis dakvirveba, veluri

orqideebis turi, aseve arealis klimatic ki SesaZloa Sefasdes, rogorc

sanaxavi atraqcia. rogorc wesi ganixileba turistuli SesaZleblobebis

yvela mimarTuleba:

• atraqcia da aqtivobebi dakavSirebuli kulturul memkvidreobasTan,

arqeologiuri adgilebi, istoriuli Senobebi, monumentebi, specialuri

istoriuli sanaxaobebi, rogoricaa xidebi, industriuli mxareebi,

istoriuli RonisZiebebis gacocxleba da cxovrebis stili qmnian

SesaZleblobebs vizitorebisTvis;

• kulturuli memkvidreobis sxva aspeqtebi: cekva, simRera, tradiciuli

Cacmuloba, kerZebi, tradiciuli arqiteqtura da soflebi, xelovneba

qmnis SesaZleblobebs wardgenis organizebisTvis, rogoricaa

xelosnobis nimuSebis da specialuri nimuSebis bazrobebi da

festivalebi, warmoeba da gayidvebi, soflis turebi da soflis

turizmis ganviTareba;

• atraqciebi da aqtivobebi, romlebic kavSirSia ekonomikur

aqtivobebTan, SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli iqnas fermebis da

plantaciebis, xelosnebis da Tanamedrove qarxnebis daTvalierebis

turebi;

• atraqciebi da aqtivobebi dakavSirebulia urbanul teritoriebTan

(urbanuli turizmi) da qmnis sanaxaobebis kombinacias, rogoricaa

istoriuli adgilebi, muzeumebi, saintereso arqiteqturuli stilis

mqone Senobebi, monumentebi, Teatraluri warmodgenebi, Ramis klubebi

da ZiriTadi sportuli sanaxaobebi, sadiloba restoranSi da Sopingi.

mravali urbanuli adgili da kurorti vargisia konferenciis

mosawyobad;

• atraqciebi da aqtivobebi dakavSirebuli soflis landSaftTan da

cxovrebis stilTan qmnis SesaZleblobas soflis turizmis

31

ganviTarebisTvis. fermaSi darCena, plantaciebi da monawileoba

aqtivobebSi, romelic asocirdeba am adgilebTan, nadiroba, fexiT

mosiaruleTa turizmi;

• atraqciebi da aqtivobebi dakavSirebuli janmrTelobasTan,

dasvenebasTan, medikamentur an mineralebiT mkurnalobasTan. garkveul

jgufebSi agreTve popularulia medikamentozuri mkurnalobis uaryofa

da daintereseba mTis klimatiT. Tanamedrove, tradiciuli da bunebrivi

samedicino mkurnaloba qmnis SesaZleblobebs gamajansaRebeli

kurortebisTvis da bunebrivi samkurnalo saSualebebis warmoebisTvis;

• fasdeba specializebuli atraqciebis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebi,

romelic moicavs specifikur da saganmanaTleblo instituciebs,

sportuli turizmis SesaZleblobas da Sesabamis RonisZiebebs,

azartul TamaSebs, religiur adgilebs, Tu sxvadasxva musikalur

mimdinareobebs da a.S.;

• turizmis sxva formebTan dakavSirebuli resursebi moicavs:

mniSvnelovan religiur ritualebs, romelic atraqciaa

piligrimebisTvis. aseve nostalgiur turizms. adamianebi xSirad

brundebian religiur an tradiciul dResaswaulebze, im adgilebSi,

sadac gautarebiaT bavSvoba, moinaxuleben mSobliur mxares, an sadac

swavlobdnen, ibrZodnen da a.S.;

• garemos xarisxi xSirad qmnis turistebisaTvis dasvenebis motivacias,

mas gansazRvravs: haeris done, wylis xarisxi, dabinZurebisgan

daculi parkebi, rekreacia, mimzidveli Senobebi, Ria adgilebi,

savaWro centrebi, quCebi Ramis ganaTebebiT, sazogadoebrivi

transportis arseboba, kriminalis dabali done da sxva elementebi;

• turizmis mimzidvelobas ganapirobebs sastumroebi da sxva ganTavsebis

adgilebi, restornebi, turebi da mogzaurobis servisebi, turistebis

sainformacio momsaxureba, Sopingi turistuli SesaZleblobebis da

momsaxurebis sxva saxeebi;

• xSirad moZvelebuli sastumroebis restavrireba xdeba, raTa upasuxos

32

turistis moTxovnebs. istoriuli sastumroebi warmatebulad

gadakeTdeba turistebis ganTavsebis adgilad;

• mniSvnelovania arealis transportis arsebuli mdgomareoba da sxva

infrastruqturac, rogoricaa wylis miwodeba, eleqtro energiis

miwodeba narCenebis marTva da telekomunikacia;

• aucilebelia Sefasdes kvalificiuri an trenirebuli muSakebis

sargeblianoba turizmis yvela aspeqtSi. xSirad turizmis

ganviTarebis mizezi aris adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis

miRweva. magram trenireba aris Cveulebriv aucilebeli, raTa Seiqmnas

turizmis seqtorisTvis kvalificirebuli personali [90].

zemoT CamoTvlili resursebis tipebis garda unda Sefasdes sxva

faqtorebic, kerZod:

• arsebuli turistuli bazrebi, ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso da

adgilobrivi turistuli bazrebis potenciali, maTi interesebi

atraqciebis mimarT;

• potenciuri turistuli bazrebis atraqciebis, turistTa mogzaurobis

da ganTavsebis fasebi. turisti daniSnulebis adgils xSirad irCevs

mogzaurobis fasis da xelsayreli faqtorebis SedarebiT, iseve

rogorc atraqciis xarisxis, SesaZleblobebis da servisis mixedviT;

• turistuli arealis potenciuri da arsebuli komfortabeluroba sxva

ekonomikuri aqtivobebis paralelurad;

• rekomendaciebi arealisTvis arsebul nacionaluri da regionuli

turizmis ganviTarebis politikaSi da gegmaSi [83];

• zogadad sazogadoebis sentimentebi imis Sesaxeb, rom turizmi

SesaZloa ganviTardes, misi sargeblianobis da SesaZlo problemebis

ganxilvebze dafuZnebiT;

• arsebuli adgilobrivi mTavroba da kerZo seqtoris organizebuli

struqturebi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis. zogi arsebuli regulacia

dakavSirebuli turizmTan, rac ganapirobebs adgilobrivi

SesaZleblobebis mobilizebas investireba moaxdinon turizmis

33

ganviTarebaSi;

• arsebuli trening instituciebi da programebi, raTa Seiqmnas

kvalificirebuli personali turizmis seqtorSi dasaqmebisTvis. yvela

es faqtori SesaZloa gaumjobesdes drois ganmavlobaSi

saWiroebisamebr. rekomendaciebi gaumjobesebaze Cveulebriv

xorcieldeba turizmis dagegmvis etapze;

• sazogadoebis daculoba da kriminalis done arealSi, politikuri

stabilurobis xarisxi qveyanaSi, regionSi, sadac mdebareobs

turistuli daniSnulebis adgili da turistze am faqtorebis

zemoqmedebis xarisxi, garkveuli drois monakveTSi, radgan es faqtori

cvalebadia;

• sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, gansakuTrebiT

sanitaruli, higienis mdgomareoba da epidemiuri daavadebis

gavrcelebis SesaZlebloba arealSi. am faqtorze mudmivi zrunvaa

saWiro [90].

turizmis resursebis da turizmze zemoqmedi sxva faqtorebis Sefaseba

Seqmnis safuZvels gadawyvetilebis misaRebad imis Taobaze, aqvs mocemul

areals turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali Tu ara. analizis Sedegebi, aseve

miuTiTebs turizmis saxeebsa da ganvrcobaze. es ki Seqmnis safuZvels

turizmis detaluri dagegmvisaTvis.

Tu areals ar aqvs sakmarisi resursebi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis, an

arsebobs ganviTarebis Semaferxebeli faqtorebi, rogoricaa magaliTad,

rTuli transportireba, politikuri arastabiluroba, maSin realisturi

gadawyvetileba unda iqnes miRebuli, raTa ganviTardes turizmi, rogorc

minimum mimdinare periodisTvis. saWiro iqneba farTo finansuri da

administraciuli resursis gamoyeneba, raTa miRweul iqnes turizmis

warmatebuli ganviTareba. aseve sxva ekonomikuri seqtorebic unda iqnes

gamokvleuli misi ganviTarebis xelSewyobisaTvis. [3]

34

1.3. adgilobrivi turizmis ganviTarebis politikis formireba da misi

ganxorcielebisaTvis Sesabamisi garemos Seqmna

turizmis dagegmvis mTavari mizani aris sazogadoebisaTvis socialur-

ekonomikuri sargeblis miReba, aseve misi mdgradi ganviTareba, romelic

gulisxmobs, rogorc garemos dacvis kuTxiT swori politikis

Camoyalibebas, aseve adgilobrivi kulturis da faseulobebis SenarCunebas.

turizmis strategiuli dagegmvisaTvis mniSvnelovania sxvadasxva

komponentebis gaTvaliswineba, rogoricaa: turistuli atraqciebi da

aqtivobebi, ganTavsebis saSualebebi, transporti, servisi, infrastruqtura

da instituciuri elementebi. aRniSnuli sakiTxebis gaanalizeba

mniSvnelovania rogorc erovnuli, aseve regionuli da lokaluri

gaviTarebis TvalsazrisiT [85].

lokaluri da regionali ganviTarebis problemebze muSaoba 1960 – 70

iani wlebidan iwyeba. aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT SemuSavebulia

mravali Teoriuli da praqtikuli midgoma. cxadia, rom Tanamedrove

pirobebSi informaciuli teqnologiebis ganviTarebam, qveynebs Soris mWidro

ekonomikurma kavSirebma, warmoSva regionuli ganviTarebis politikisadmi

axali, inovaciuri midgomebis formirebis aucilebloba. aseve, regionuli

politikis SemuSavebaSi instituciuri, resursuli, socialur-ekonomikuri

faqtorebis da detreminantebis gamovlena da Sefaseba gaxda erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani faqtori politikis da modelebis implementaciis

TvalasazrisiT. [17, gv. 87]

samecniero literaturaSi regionis cnebasTan dakavSirebiT

gansxvavebuli mosazrebebia dafiqsirebuli. definiciebSi gamokveTilia

administraciul-teritoriuli, ekonomikur-geografiuli, politikur-

ekonomikuri midgomebi. aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom regionSi aucileblad

moiazreba garkveuli teritoria an teritoriuli sivrce [17, gv. 9-10].

magaliTad, gamoyofen urbanul, industrul, turistul regionebs [45, gv. 7-8].

35

regionuli ekonomikuri politikis SemuSavebis sakiTxi gansakuTrebiT

aqtualuria sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom saxelwifo

doneze aucilebelia sakiTxebis prioritetizacia, rogorc erovnul, aseve

regionul doneze. Cveni azriT prioritetebis sistema da arsebuli

samoqmedo gegmebi winaaRmdegobaSi ar unda modiodes erTmaneTTan [55].

cxadia, rom politikis mgegmavebma, strategiuli miznebidan da amocanebidan

gamomdinare, unda gaiTvaliswinon socialuri, ekonomikuri da sxva

faqtorebi, rac sabolooდ ganapirobebs regionis konkurentunarianobas.

regionis konkurentunarianobasTan dakavSirebiT saintereso mosazrebebi

gaaCnia krugmans, igi mxars uWers idias, rom “regionuli

konkurentunarianobas” gaaCnia garkveuli upiratesobebi vidre “erovnul

konkurentunarianobas”, vinaidan regionuli ekonomika aris ufro metad

gaxsnili vaWrobasa da ekonomikuri urTierTobebisaTvis vidre erovnuli

ekonomika [45, gv. 10]. Sesabamisad, teritoriul (regionul)

konkurentunarianobas SeuZlia pozitiuri zegavlena moaxdinos mTlianad

ekonomikis ganviTarebaze.

lokaluri da regionuli ganviTarebisadmi arsebobs sxvadasxva tipis

midgomebi. tradiciuli “zemodan-qvemoT” mmarTvelobiTi midgomiT

gadawyvetilebebis miReba da strategiebis implementacia xdeba centraluri

xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis da politikis mgegmavebis mier. aRniSnuli

midgomiT, gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi naklebad xdeba adgilobrivi

mosaxleobisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis CarTva. tradiciuli midgomebisagan

gansxvavebulia e.w. “qvemodan-zemoT” midgoma, romelSic xdeba adgilobrivi

warmomadgenlebis CarTva, uflebamosilebis decentralizacia [45, gv. 17].

(ixileT sqema 1.1)

36

tradiciuli ganviTarebis politika

lokaluri da rgionuli ganviTareba

• “zemodan qvemoT” midgoma,

sadac gadawyvetilebis miReba

teritoriis Sesaxeb miiReba

erovnul centrebSi;

• imarTeba erovnuli

centraluri administraciis

mier;

• ganviTarebisadmi seqtoruli

midgoma;

• industriuli proeqtebi;

• fnansuri mxardaWera da,

stimulebi da subsidia

ganisazRvreba, rogorc

ekonomikuri aqtivobebis zrdis

faqtori.

• teritoriebis ganviTaraeba,

iniciativebi modis qvemodan;

• decentralizacia, vertikaluri

kooperacia samTavrobo

rgolebs Soris da

horizontaluri koopereacia

sajaro da kerZo seqtorebs

Soris;

• ganviTarebisadmi teritoriuli

midgoma;

• teritoriebis potencialis

gamoyeneba, imisaTvis, rom

moxdes adgilobrivi

ekonomikuri sistemebis

stimulireba.

wyaro: Pike Andy, Rodriguez-Pose Andres, Tomaney John, Local and Regional Development, By Routledge, 2006.

P.17

lokaluri da regional ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT samecniero

literaturaSi arsebobs sxvadasxva tipis koncefciebi da Teoriebi, romelic

saSualebas gvaZlevs siRrmiseulad gavaanalizoT movlenebi da procesebi

turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis specifikurobis gaTvaliswinebiT. unda

aRiniSnos, rom Teoriebma da koncefciebma gaiara garkveuli evoluciis

procesi. Sesabamisad, Camoyalibda Tanamedrove garemo pirobebis

gaTvaliswinebiT axali mosazrebebi, sadac mocemulia xedvebi regionul

ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT. Aaqedan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia

aRniSnuli koncefciebis gaanalizeba turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis

WrilSi. riCi da krauCi ყოფენ sxvadasxva tipis turistuli daniSnulebis

37

adgilებs Semdegnairad: qveyana, qveynebis gaerTianeba, administraciuli

erTeuli, lokaluri regioni, dedaqalaqi an qalaqi [47, gv.108].

Tanamedrove pirobebSi turistuli resursebi gaxda ufro metad

specializebuli, Sesabamisad, aucilebeli gaxda inovaciuri teqnologiebis

danergva da gamoyeneba. rac ganapirobebs rogorc qveynebis, aseve regionebis

kokurentunarianobis amaRlebas. konkurencia warmoadgens erT-erT

mniSvnelovan faqtors turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, vinaidan

konkurentul garemoSi turistuli produqtebis xarisxis, warmoebis

efeqtianobis gziT xdeba momxmareblebis moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba,

rac sabolooდ pozitiurad aisaxeba industriis ganviTarebaze [81, gv. 23-27].

harvardis universitetis profesorma maikl porterma naSromSi “erebis

konkurentuli upiratesoba” SeimuSava modeli, romlis adaptireba moxda

turizmis industriasTan. profesori norbert vanhofi aRniSnavs, rom

porteris naSromze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia vimsjeloT “regionebis

konkurentul upiratesobaze”. porteris mier Camoyalibebuli modelis

mixedviT turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis (regonis) konkurentuli

upiratesoba efuZneba oTx urTierTdakavSirebul determinants, romelsac

igi uwodebs “almass”.

1. Ffaqtorulი pirobebi, romelSic igulisxmeba warmoebis faqtorebi და

romelic turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis konkurentuli

upiratesobis misaRwevad;

2. moTxovnis pirobebi - turizmis produqtebsa da momsaxurebaze

moTxovnis buneba;

3. dakavSirebuli da damxmare industriebi - aRniSnulSi igulisxmeba is

industriebi, romlebic pirdapir an arapirdapir arian dakavSirebuli

turizmis industriasTan;

4. bazris struqtura, metoqeoba, organizeba da strategiebi – turistuli

daniSnulebis adgilebSi ekonomikuri subieqtebis metoqeoba. [47, გვ.115]

38

aRniSnuli faqtorebis garda porteri aseve gamoyofs or damatebiT

cvlads cvlilebebsa da mTavrobas, romelTac SeuZliaT gavlena moaxdinon

procesebze. porteris mier warmodgenili modeli garkveulwilad

warmoadgens urTierTgamaZlierebel sistemas, sadac determinantebi aris

erTmaneTTan kavSirSi.

mecnierebi, mkvlevarebi da praqtikosebi regionuli ganviTarebis da

konkurentunarianobis amaRlebis TvalsazrisiT yuradRebas amaxvileben

klasterebze, maT rolsa da mniSvnelobaze [46, gv. 10]. porteris mixedviT

klasteri aris “biznesis konkretul sferoSi erTmaneTTan

urTierTdakavSirebuli kompanebis da sxva instituciebis geografiuli

koncentracia” [44, გვ. 78]. birgampi da festeri klasters ganmartavs, rogorc

biznes subieqtebis an sxva organizaciebis jgufs, romel jgufebSic wevroba

warmoadgens konkurentunarianobis ganmsazRvrel elements TiToeuli

moTamaSisaTvis. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom klasterebis erT-erTi mTavari

daniSnuleba aris, rogorc regionis aseve qveynis konkurentunarianobis

uzrunvelyofa. am TvalsazrisiT turizmis industrias SeuZlia pozitiuri

gavlena moaxdinos regionis ekonomikur ganviTarebaze. vinaidan turistuli

produqti Sedgeba sxvadasxva momsaxurebebisgan, rogoricaa atraqciა,

ganTavseba, transporti da sxva momsaxureba, igi SesaZlebelia gaxdes

stimulis mimcemi klasteringis procesisadmi. mikele skarpino turistul

klasterTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnavs, rom warmatebuli klasteris

ganviTareba damokidebulia codnis da informaciis efeqtian gamoyenebaze,

aseve klasteris monawileebs Soris konstruqciul da saqmian kavSirebze [46,

gv. 11].

rac Seexeba turistul klasters estekao da feriera ganmartavs, rom

turistuli klasteri aris geografiuli koncentracia kompaniebis da

institutebis, romlebic CarTulebi arian turistul aqtivobebSi. fereira

aRniSnavs, rom turistuli klasteri moicavs, rogorc industriis

tradiciul moTamaSeebs (ganTavseba, kveba, garToba, operatorebi da

samogzauro agentebi, transporti) aseve, sxva dakavSirebul aqtivobebs,

39

rogoricaa mxardamWeri aqtivobebi, satransporto infrastruqtura, ganTleba

da treiningi, biznes servisebi da konsultacia da a.S. [46, gv. 12].

unda aRiniSnos, rom klasterebis Teoriis popularobis miuxedavad mas

hyavs kritikosebic, romelTac gaaCniT garkveuli SeniSvnebi klasterebis

konceptualur xedvasTan dakavSirebiT. martiani da sanli aRweren

klasterebs, rogorc qaotur koncefcias. aseve mkvlevarebis azriT ar aris

cxadi, rogor SeiZleba konkurencia iyos teritoriuli da ganxiluli

lokalur da regionul doneze. kritikuli mosazrebebia klasterebis

formaciis socialur aspeqtebze da dinamikaze. zemoT aRniSnulis

miuxedavad klasterebze dafuZnebuli porteriseuli mosazrebebi didi

popularobiT sargeblobs samecniero literaturaSi. [5]

turizmis industriasa da regionul ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT

saintereso mosazrebebia SemoTavazebuli opermenis mier. unda aRiniSnos,

rom opermenis modeli gankuTvnilia ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis. opermenis

mier SemuSavebul modelSi gamoiyofa formaluri da araformaluri

turistuli seqtori. formaluri turizmis seqtorSi ganixileba iseTi

sakiTxebi, rogoricaa saerTaSoriso sastumro standarti, investiciebi,

mogebis transferi, importirebuli kvebis produqtebi da saSeni masalebi.

aRniSnuli xedvis mixedviT qveynebis mTavroba turizmis ganviTarebis

TvalsazrisiT iTvaliswinebs mxolod am faqtorebs. araformaluri

seqtoris SemTxvevaSi, ganixileba ufro farTo speqtri industriaSi

CarTuli subieqtebis. am SemTxvevaSi yuradRebis gamaxvileba xdeba

Semosavlis miRebaze, maT multiplikaciur efeqtebze. modelis mixedviT

turistulma daniSnulebis adgilma unda gadawyvitos turizmis romeli

mimarTulebis ganviTareba iqneba ufro metad efeqtiani. garda amisa

mniSvnelovania formaluri da araformaluri seqtorebis interaqcia,

formaluri seqtori ufro metad ganixileba masobrivi turizmis WrilSi.

zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom regionuli

ganviTarebisa da ekonomikuri zrdis TvalsazrisiT, aucilebelia

40

xelisuflebam Seafasos, ra tipis aqtivobebiT aris SesaZlebeli ufro meti

sargeblis miReba adgilobrivi rezidentebisaTvis [39, gv. 509-511].

lokaluri da regionuli ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT mkvlevarebSi da

praqtikosebSi gansakuTrebuli popularulobiT sargeblobs mdgradi

ganviTarebis modelebi. mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefcia SemoTavazebulia

bunebis dacvis msoflio kavSiris mier. zogadad mdgrad ganviTarebaSi

igulisxmeba procesi, romlis farglebSi ganviTareba xdeba resursebis

naklebi zianis da gamofitvis gareSe gamoyeneba. unda aRiniSnos, rom mdgrad

ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs sxvadasxva definiciebi. msofilio

turizmis organizacia Semdegi saxiT ganmartavs [45, გვ.319-320].

“turizmis mdgradi ganviTareba akmayofilebs Tanamedrove turistTa da

maspinZeli regionebis moTxovnebs da imavdroulad icavs da afarTovebs

SesaZleblobebs momavlisaTvis. igi iTvaliswinebs yvela arsebuli

resursebis menejments imgvarad, rom kulturuli xelSeuxeblobis, arsebiTi

ekologiuri procesebis, biologiuri mravalferovnebis da sicocxlis

xelSemwyobi sistemebis saTanado movla-patronobasTan erTad

dakmayofildes ekonomikuri, socialuri da esTetikuri moTxovnebi”.

mdgradi ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT gamoikveTa Semedegi ZiriTadi

prioritetebi:

• ekologiuri mdgradoba;

• socialuri da kulturuli mdgradoba;

• ekonomikuri mdgradoba.

norbert vanhofis azriT mdgradi turizmis mizani unda iyos

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis gaumjobeseba, vizitorTa

sasiamovno STabeWdilebebis uzrunvelyofa, garemos შენახვა da SenarCuneba.

turizmis dagegmva unda ganvixiloT, rogorc sistemuri procesi,

romelic moicavs garkveul etapebs:

• konkretuli miznebis gansazRvra, romelic aucilebelia turizmis

ganviTarebisaTvis;

41

• mosamzadebeli, kvleviTi samuSaoebis Catareba;

• mimoxilva da Sefaseba yvela Sesabamisi elementebis;

• mopovebuli informaciis analizi da sinTezi;

• turizmis ganviTarebis politikis da gegmis Camoyalibeba;

• sxvadasxva rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba [45, gv.41].

konkretuli proeqtebis dagegmva unda eyrdnobodes Tanmimdevruli

nabijebis gadadgmas, rogoricaa proeqtis identifikacia, skriningi,

organizaciis ganviTareba, finansebi, implementacia da menejmenti.

turistulma proeqtebma sargebeli unda moutanos adgilobriv mosaxleobas

da ar unda Seuqmnas problemebi, rogorc garemos dacvis, aseve socialur-

ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT.

adgilobrivma dawesebulebebma (samTavrobo, arasamTavrobo) unda

SeimuSaon dagegmvis, ganviTarebis garkveuli standartebi. standartebis

SemuSaveba damokidebulia garkveul faqtorebze, rogoricaa: limitebi

Senoba-nagebobebis simaRleze, landSaftze, parkirebis sistemis

mowesrigebaze, sazogadoebriv xelmisawvdomobaze, sxvadasxva komunikaciis

sistemis mowesrigebaze. sanapiro zolze samSeneblo samuSaoebis Catareba

moiTxovs garkveuli standartebis dacvas. arqiteqturuli, sainJinro

dizainis kuTxiT, Sesabamisi aspeqtebis gaTvaliswineba aris Zalian

mniSvnelovani. aseve mniSvnelovania garkveuli standartebi servisis

xarisxis kuTxiT, igi unda Seesabamebodes garkveul moTxovnebs da ar unda

iwvevdes momxmareblebis, turistebis imedgacruebas.

dagegmva aris procesi, romelic gulisxmobs garkveuli miznebis

gansazRvras da am miznebis misaRwevad strategiebis SemuSavebas. dagegmva

turizmis kuTxiT gulisxmobs sazogadoebisaTvis socialur-ekonomikuri

sargeblis miRebas, aseve mdgradi ganviTarebis, garemos dacvis kuTxiT

garkveuli politikis SemuSavebas. [7]

gegmebi klasificirdebian strategiul da operatiul gegmebad.

grZelvadian gegmaSi igulisxmeba 15 wlamde drois periodi, magram aseve

SeiZleba iyos 10 dan 20 wlamde periodi. grZelvadiani gegmebis SemTxvevaSi

42

proeqtis ganviTarebisaTvis rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba xdeba pirveli 5

wlis Semdgom periodSi. Tumca SesaZlebelia moicavdes ufro moklevadian

periods 2 - dan 3 wlamde. arsebobs ramdenime ZiriTadi midgoma turizmis

dagegmvis TvalsazrisiT, esenia: [45; gv. 67]

uwyveti da moqnili midgoma - aRniSnuli tipis midgoma gulisxmobs

imas, rom gegma unda iyos adaptirebuli da unda Seesabamebodes cvalebadi

garemos pirobebs, yovelgvari cvlileba, modifikacia, gegmaSi unda moxdes

konkretuli miznis da turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefciis

Sesabamisad. rogorc wesi, moklevadian perspeqtivaSi rekomendaciebi aris

ufro metad specifikuri xasiaTis, xolo grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi mas aqvs

saerTo xasiaTi da eyrdnoba drois konkretul periodSi arsebul situacias.

kompleqsuri midgoma - turizmis ganviTarebis yvela aspeqti unda

gaviTvaliswinoT dagegmvis procesSi. arsebobs garkveuli komponentebi

turizmis sistemaSi: turistuli atraqciebi da aqtivobebi, ganTavsebis

saSualebebi, sxva turistuli saWiroebebi da servisebi, transporti,

infrastruqtura.

integrirebuli midgoma - turizmi ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc

calke mdgomi sistema, igi aris erTiani ganviTarebis politikis

integrirebuli nawili, rogorc nacionaluri, aseve regionuli

TvalsazrisiT.

turizmis ganviTareba garkveulwilad sensitiuria garemos mimarT,

amitom aucilebelia am mimarTulebiT swori politikis Camoyaliebeba raTa

naklebi ziani miadges garemos, aseve mas aqvs garkveuli gavlena socio-

kulturuli TvalsazrisiT. turizmis mdgradi ganviTareba gulisxmobs

aRniSnuli faqtorebis marTvas, (garemos, ekonomikis, sazogadoebis).

aRniSnuli midgomis mTavari amocanaa resursebis optimaluri gamoyeneba,

rogorc turistebis moTxovnilebis kuTxiT, aseve adgilobrivi

sazogadoebisaTvis sargeblis miRebis TvalsazrisiT [47, gv.43].

turizmis seqtori Sedgeba sxvadasxva komponentebisagan, romelTa

sworad dagegmva da ganviTareba aris sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani seqtoris

warmatebiT funqcionirebisaTvis. es komponentebia:

43

turistuli bazrebi - bazrebi SeiZleba iyos saerTaSoriso, regionuli,

adgilobrivi. garkveuli tipis bazrebs SeiZleba qondes saerTo interesebi,

arsebobs bazrebi, romelTac gaaCniaT specialuri interesebi moTxovnebis

dakmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT.

turistuli atraqciebi da aqtivobebi - atraqciebi da aqtivobebi aris

mniSvnelovani motivatori mogzaurobisaTvis. atraqciebi SeiZleba iyos,

parkebi, sanapiro zoli, arqeologiuri da istoriuli adgilebi,

tradiciuli arqiteqtura, ekonomikuri aqtivoba, xelovnurad Seqmnili

Tematuri parkebi, festivalebi, sportuli RonisZiebebi da a.S. [53]

ganTavsebis saSualebebi - mniSvnelovania sastumroebi da sxva tipis

Ramis gasaTevi obieqtebi turizmis industriis ganviTarebisaTvis.

ganTavsebis obieqtebi moicavs restornebs, kafeebs da sxva saWiro obieqtebs.

ganTavsebis obieqtebis gareSe SeuZlebelia grZelvadiani turistuli

paketebis SeTavazeba turistebisaTvis.

sxva turistuli saWiroebebi da servisebi - turistuli momsaxureba

aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom srulyofili servisi SevTavazoT momxmareblebs.

mniSvnelovania gidiT momsaxurebis servisiT, sainformacio kuTxiT

turistebis informireba. sxva saWiro servisebSi igulisxmeba: safosto

momsaxureba, samedicino momsaxureba, sabanko servisebi. aseve mniSvnelovania

usafrTxoebis sistemis organizeba, vinaidan grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi is

SeiZleba iyos gadamwyveti faqtori turistebis mozidvis kuTxiT [48, gv.44-49].

transporti - mniSvnelovania adekvaturi satransporto sistemis

SemuSaveba. transporti SeiZleba iyos sahaero, sazRvao, sarkinigzo,

saavtomobilo. sartansporto sistema moicavs garkveul servisebs, romelic

aucilebelia turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis, aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia

turistuli obieqtebisaken mimavali satrasporto kvanZebis mowesrigeba.

sxva infrastruqtura - igi moicavs higienuri faqtorebis maqsimalurad

dacvas, wylis miwodebis sistemis mowesrigebas, eleqtroenergiis stabilur

da usafrTxo miwodebas, aseve narCenebis gatanas da maT droulad

utilizacias.

44

instituciuri elementebi - turizmis ganviTarebisa da marTvisaTvis

mniSvnelovania garkveuli instituciuri elementebis gaTvaliswineba. igi

moicavs iseT mniSvnelovan elementebs rogoricaa, ganaTlebas da personalis

mudmiv trenings, raTa ufro efeqtianad moemsaxuron turistebs, marketings

da sareklamo aqtivobebs turistuli daniSnulebis obieqtebis, atraqciebis

ukeT warmoCenas, standartebs da garkveul regulaciebs miwis marTvis,

zonebad dayofis, garemos kontrolis TvalsazrisiT, finansur meqanizmebs

investiciebis waxalisebis kuTxiT. Zalian mniSvnelovania turizmis

organizaciuli struqtura, romelic moicavs rogorc samTavrobo, aseve

kerZo turistul dawesebulebebs [48, gv.79].

turizmis dagegmvis mTeli procesi warmogvidgeba Semdegi saxiT:

1. miznebis gansazRvra;

2. kvlevis momzadeba;

3. mimoxilva da Sefaseba;

4. politikis da gegmis SemuSaveba;

5. rekomendaciebi;

6. implementacia da menejmenti [40, gv. 200-210].

1. miznebis gansazRvra - saxelmwifos mniSvnelovani amocanaa Tu ras miiRebs

regioni turizmis ganviTarebiT. miznebi garkveulwilad moicavs ekonomikur,

garemo, socio–kulturul faqtorebs, mTavaria aRniSnul faqtorebs Soris

dacul iqnes garkveuli balansi da gaTvaliswinebul iqnas turizmis

mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefcia. miznebis gansazRvra unda moxdes

adgilobriv rezidentebTan, maT liderebTan, saxelmwfio organoebTan

SeTanxmebiT da e.w. „samoqalaqo CarTulobis“ farTo gamoyenebiT.

2. kvlevis momzadeba - rodesac moxdeba turistuli resursebis mimoxilva

(teqnikur-ekonomikuri) da Sefaseba iqneba pozitiuri, turistuli gegmis

SemuSavebaze gadawyvetilebas iRebs adgilobrivi xelisufleba. aseve

mniSvnelovania proeqtisaTvis Sesabamisi gundis SerCeva. Rrma analizisaTvis

saWiroa interdisciplinaruli gundis Camoyalibeba, romelic

dakompleqtebuli iqneba dagegmvis, marketingis, ekonomikis, finansuri

analizis, garemos dacvis specialistebisagan.

45

3. mimoxilva da Sefaseba - mimoxilva da Sefaseba unda moxdes sxvadasxva

elementebis gaTvaliswinebiT, es elementebi moicavs:

• regionis maxasiaTeblebs, ekonomikuri, socio-kulturuli, garemos,

miwis gamoyenebis kuTxiT. miwis gamoyenebis kuTxiT garkveuli analizi

ramdenad aris xelmisawvdomi ganviTarebisaTvis;.

• turistuli resursebi, potenciuri turistuli atraqciebi da

aqtivobebi. turistuli resursebis Sefasebisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT

maTi xelmisawvdomoba, aseve garemo pirobebis xarisxi;

• turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis, rogorc aRvniSneT mniSvnelovania

ganTavsebis saSualebebi, sxvadasxva servisebi. aucilebelia msgavs

obieqtebSi servisis xarisxis Semowmeba, maTi Sefaseba;

• arsebuli da dagegmili satransporto saSualebebis, kvanZebis

xelmisawvdomoba, romelic moicavs, rogorc sahaero aseve rkinigzis da

sazRvao transports;

• sxvadasxva tipis arsebul da dagegmil infrastruqturul proeqtebs,

rogoricaa, wylis miwodeba, eleqtro-energiiT momarageba,

telesakomunikacio sistemebi;

• instituciuri elementebi, xelmisawvdomoba kvalificiuri samuSao

Zalis, ganaTleba da satreningo programebi, sazogadoebrivi da kerZo

organizaciebis Camoyalibeba, turizmTan dakavSirebuli sakanonmdeblo

bazis SemuSaveba, garkveuli kontrolis daweseba miwis gamoyenebaze,

garemos dacvaze, aseve Sesabamisi jansaRi klimatis Seqmna

investiciebis mosazidad [40, gv.22-30].

mniSvnelovania turistuli bazrebis analizi, atraqciebTan da sxva

turistul aqtivobebTan mimarTebiT, romelic xelmisawvdomi iqneba

turistebisaTvis. bazris analizi saSualebas gvaZlevs movaxdinoT

sxvadasxva maCveneblebis identifikacia, rogoricaa, turistebis raodenoba,

tipebi, aseve movaxdinoT rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba, transportis, servisis

daxvewis, infrastruqturis ganviTarebisaTvis [80].

46

garemos menejmentis analizis kuTxiT mniSvnelovani teqnikaa

gamtarunarianobis (simZlavris, datviTvebis) analizi. aRniSnuli teqnika ar

aris zusti instrumenti, magram igi gvaZlevs Zalian saintereso informacias,

optimaluri ganviTarebisaTvis, turistuli atraqciis datvirTvis, saWiro

servisebis Sesaxeb.

daculi teritoriis turistuli potencialis gansazRvrisTvis

gamoiyeneba Semdegi kiTxvari. ix. cxrili 1.6. bevr qveyanaSi arsebobs

simbiozuri kavSiri turizmsa da daculi teritoriebis Seqmnas Soris.

rogorc statistika gviCvenebs sul ufro met adamians surs dasvenebis dros

raime gansxvavebuli moinaxulos. maT surT mgzavroba Sesabamis komfortul

garemoSi da aseve surT erTmaneTs SeuTavson Tavgadasavlebi da sasiamovno

dasveneba [95]. Sesabamisad, yvelaze ufro warmatebuli turistuli paketebi

aerTianebs sxvadasxva interesebs: sporti da rekreacia, veluri bunebis

monaxuleba, adgilobrivi wes-Cveulebebis gacnoba, istoriuli adgilebis

monaxuleba, Sopingi, kveba da rasakvirvelia wyalTan dakavSirebuli

aqtivobebi. zRva, tbebi, mdinareebi, sacurao auzebi da CanCqerebi Zalzed

izidavs turistebs, gansakuTrebiT adgilobrivebs.

mocemuli kiTxvari dagvexmareba daculi teritoriis turistuli

potencialis SefasebaSi: cxrili 1.6.6

daculi teritoria mdebareobs:

•axlos saerTaSoriso aeroportTan

an msxvil turistul centrTan;

•zomierad axlos;

•moSorebiT.

teritorias aqvs:

•plaJi an tbis sanapiro;

•mdinare, CanCqeri an sacurao

auzebi;

•wyalTan dakavSirebuli aranairi

rekreaciuli adgili

6 http://wto.org/

http://wttc.org/

http://wttc.org/

47

adgilamde misvla aris:

• advili da komfortuli;

• Wirdeba garkveuli Zalisxmeva;

•rTuli da saxifaTo.

mdebareobs es teritoria

sakmaod axlos sxva turistul

adgilebTan, raTa is iyos

turistuli kompleqsis nawili?

•diax;

•saSualo potenciali;

•dabali an aranairi potenciali.

veluri bunebis naxva:

•garantirebulia;

•Cveulebrivia;

•SesaZlebelia mxolod sezonurad

da gamarTlebis SemTxvevaSi.

teritoria mis garSemo aris:

•mSvenieri;

•saSualo mimzidvelobis;

•ufro metad Cveulebrivi.

ra saxis sakvebia xelmisawvdomi?

•mravalferovani da kargad

momzadebuli;

•adekvaturi;

•sabaziso;

adgili gvTavazobs:

• ramdenime gansxvavebul

interesis sferos;

• erTze met interesis sferos;

•mxolod erT ZiriTad interesis

sferos;

adgili aris:

• unikaluria Tavisi

mimzidvelobiT;

• gansxvavebuli;

• sxvebis msgavsi

sacxovrebeli adgilebis

stndarti aris:

•sxvadasxva da komfortuli;

•adekvaturi;

•primitiuli.

wyaro: Managing Protected Areas in the Tropics, MacKinnon et al., IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

48

ganTavsebis adgilebis saWiroebebis dagegmva - ganTavsebis adgilebis

saWiroebebis dagegmvis formula martivia, Tumca igi gamoyenebuli unda iyos

TiToeuli tipis turistul bazarze da Sesabamisi tipis ganTavsebis

adgilebze. mniSvnelovania yvelaze moTxovnadi sezonis mixedviT

gaangariSeba, radganac es sezoni gansazRvavs maqsimalur saWiroebas.

gasaTvaliswinebelia turistebis is raodenoba, romlebic rCebian

arakomerciul adgilebSi, magaliTad megobrebTan an naTesavebTan, Tu es

ricxvi 5 procentia, maSis es raodenoba unda gamoakldes oTaxebsa da

sawolebze moTxovnis gaangariSebul raodenobas. saWiroa ganTavsebis

adgilebis raodenoba Seesabamebodes moTxovnis raodenobas yvelaze

popularul sezonze, raTa SenarCundes maRali wliuri datvirTva. saukeTeso

strategiaa moTxovnaze sezonurobis faqtoris Semcireba [40, gv.359-365].

cxrili 1.1.7

matricis nimuSi alternatiuli gegmis Sesafaseblad

შეფასების

ფაქტორი

შეფასების გრადაცია

ალტერნატივა

1


2


3

შენიშ

ვნა

ასახავს

განვითარების საერთო

ეროვნულ /

რეგიონალურ /

ადგილობრივ

პოლიტიკას

ასახავს ეროვნულ

/ რეგიონულ /

ადგილობრივ ტურიზმის

პოლიტიკასა და

Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach, Edward Inskeep. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold,

1991.p.52

49

ამოცანებს

საერთო

ეკონომიკური

სარგებელის

ოპტიმიზაცია მისაღები

ხარჯით

მნიშვნელოვნად

ზრდის ადგილობრივი

მოსახლეობის

დასაქმებას და

შემოსავალს

ადგილობრივ

მეწარმეებს აძლევს

ტურისტული

საწარმოების დაარსების

შესაძლებლობას

ხელს უწყობს

დეპრესიული

ტერიტორიების

განვითარებას

ხელს უწყობს

ტურისტული

ატრაქციების,

ინფრასტრუქტურისა და

სერვისების

განვითარებას, რომელთა

გამოყენება

50

ადგილობრივებსაც

შეუძლიათ

ხელს არ უშლის

სხვა მნიშვნელოვან

რესურსებს

მინიმუმამდე

ამცირებს ნეგატიურ

სოციო–კულტურულ

გავლენას

ეხმარება

არქეოლოგიური /

ისტორიული

მემკვიდრეობის

შენარჩუნებას

ეხმარება

ტრადიციული

ხელოვნებისა და რეწვის

აღდგენას

არ აზიანებს

მიწათსარგებლობისა და

განსახლების არსებულ

მდგომარეობას

მინიმუმამდე

ამცირებს უარყოფით

გავლენას გარემოზე

აძლიერებს

გარემოს კონსერვაციისა

51

და პარკების

განვითარების

ღონისძიებებს

მაქსიმალურად

იყენებს არსებულ

ინფრასტრუქტურას

მაქსიმალურად

მრავალმხრივ იყენებს

ახალ

ინფრასტრუქტურას

SeniSvna:

1. Sefasebis faqtorTa es CamonaTvali warmoadgens mxolod

magaliTs. realurad gamoyenebuli Sefasebis faqtorebi damokidebuli iqneba

dagegmvis specifikaze. Tu gegmaSi dasaxuli miznebi sruli da specifikuria,

maSin zogjer maTi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia pirdapir rogorc faqtorebis;

2. Sefasebis ranJireba SesaZlebelia skalaze qulebiT 1–dan 5–mde,

an 1–dan 10–mde. ufro mniSvnelovan faqtorebs mieniWeba ufro didi ricxviTi

wona. SeniSvnebis sveti mniSvnelovania gansakuTrebuli situaciebis

CasaniSnad. mag.: gegmidan gamomdinare mniSvnelovnad izrdeba dasaqmeba, Tumca

SesaZloa saWiro gaxdes samuSao Zalis migracia samuSao adgilebis

Sesavsebad.

4. politika da gegmis formulireba. miznebze, kvlevaze, analizsa da

sinTezze dayrdnobiT xdeba turizmis ganviTarebis politikis formireba da

turizmis gegmis momzadeba. turizmis politika moicavs turizmis

ganviTarebis masStabebs, tips da ganixilavs ekonomikur, garemosdacviT da

socio–kulturul aspeqtebs. adgilobriv doneze dagegmvisas, gegma SeiZleba

Seicavdes pirvelad da meorad turistul atraqciebs, turizmis ganviTarebis

adgilebs. an gegma SeiZleba iyos urbanuli turizmis struqturuli gegma,

52

sakurorto miwaTsargeblobis gegma. Cveulebriv xdeba alternatiuli

gegmebis SemuSaveba da Sefaseba, raTa moxdes saboloo gegmis SerCeva,

romelic moitans optimalur Semosavals da Seamcirebs xarjebs [43, gv.53-57].

cxrili 1.1. - ze mocemulia matricis nimuSi alternatiuli gegmebis

Sesafaseblad. zogjer saboloo gegmis gansazRvrisaTvis xdeba

alternatiuli gegmebis sxvadasxva nawilebis kombinireba. alternatiuli

gegmebis Sefasebisas ZiriTadi yuradReba mimarTulia garemosa da socio–

kulturul Sedegebze.

5. rekomendaciebi gegmis Sesaxeb - rekomendaciebi SemuSavebulia

turistuli atraqciebis, arsebuli turistuli servisebis, instituciuri da

sxva elementebis gaumjobesebis saWiroebebidan gamomdinare.

SemoTavazebulia rekomendaciebi dizainisa da ganviTarebis standartebTan

dakavSirebiT. gaanalizebulia gavlena garemoze, socio–kulturuli

Sedegebze da SemoTavazebulia dacvis meqanizmebi. gaanalizebulia turizmis

ekonomikuri Sedegebi da SemoTavazebulia ekonomikuri sargeblis zrdis

gzebi.

6. Sesruleba da menejmenti - gegmebi naklebadaa Rirebuli, Tu maTi

ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba ar arsebobs. ganxorcielebis teqnika

ganxiluli unda iqnes dagegmvis procesSi da gegmaSi gaTvaliswinebuli

unda iyos ganxorcielebis specialuri teqnika. aRniSnuli teqnika moicavs

ganviTarebis daprogramebas, turistuli obieqtebis standartebis

gaTvaliswinebas, finansur meqanizmebs da sxva saSualebebs. turistuli

seqtoris warmatebuli mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis mniSvnelovania seqtoris

grZelvadiani efeqtiani menejmenti [82].

dagegmvis procesis upirvelesi elementia sazogadoebis CarTuloba da

monawileoba dagegmvis mniSvnelovan etapebze, aseve turizmis ganviTarebis

ganxorcieleba da marTva. sazogadoebis CarTuloba uzrunvelyofs, rom

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis codna da interesebi gaanalizebuli da

gaTvaliswinebuli iyos miznebis, politikisa da rekomendaciebis

SemuSavebisas. [44; gv. 54]

53

konkretuli turistuli proeqtis dagegmvisas, zogadi midgomaa

Camoyalibdes proeqtis saorganizacio komiteti. es komiteti, rogorc wesi,

Sedgeba samTavrobo uwyebebis, kerZo turistuli seqtoris da sazogadoebis

warmomadgenlebisagan. komitetSi SesaZloa aseve CarTulni iyvnen religiuri

organizaciebi da arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. es jgufi Tvalyurs adevnebs

dagegmvis jgufis saqmianobas da ganixilavs gundis daskvnebsa da

rekomendaciebs.

mniSvnelovania, aseve, dagegmvis procesis Sesaxeb angariSebis sajaro

ganxilva, raTa sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebs SeeZloT sakuTari azrisa da

rekomendaciebis dafiqsireba. es aseve mniSvnelovania imisaTvis, rom

sazogadoeba informirebuli iyos maT teritoriaze mimdinare gegmebze.

specifikuri proeqtebis efeqtiani ganviTareba, rogoricaa, sastumro,

kurortebi da atraqcionebi, damokidebulia sxvadasxva aspeqtebze. aRniSnuli

procesebis sworad organizeba moiTxovs Tanamimdevruli nabijebis

gadadgmas. [45; gv. 90]

nabiji 1. proeqtis identificireba - proeqtis identifikacia xdeba,

regionis turizmis ganviTarebis erTiani samoqmedo gegmis farglebSi.

proeqtis identifikacia SesaZlebelia moxdes damoukideblad, magram

rogorc aRvniSneT TiToeuli nabiji unda gadaidgas turizmis ganviTarebis

erTiani gegmis farglebSi.

nabiji 2. proeqtis skriningi - aRniSnuli etapi moicavs proeqtis

konceptualur analizs da gansazRvravs mis miznobriobas. Tu proeqti ar

akmayofilebs garkveul moTxovnebs, maSin SesaZlebelia am etapze moxdes mis

ganxorcielebaze uaris Tqma.

nabiji 3. proeqtis dagegmva da teqnikuri-ekonomikuri analizi - am

etapze xdeba proeqtis dizainis, finansuri, ekonomikuri analizi, aseve

socialuri da garemos zemoqmedebis kuTxiT misi Sefaseba. Tu proeqti

uaryofiT gavlenas axdens garemos an socialuri TvalsazrisiT, maSin unda

moxdes misi SeCereba, aseve am etapze SesaZlebelia misi modificireba.

nabiji 4. proeqtis organizeba - mniSvnelovania swori organizaciuli

midgoma proeqtis warmatebulad ganxorcilebisaTvis. arsebuli

54

organizaciuli struqtura, aseve saxelmwifo da kerZo dawesebulebebis

CarTuloba da maTi roli aris Zalian mniSvnelovani aspeqti.

nabiji 5. proeqtis dafinanseba - finansebis moZieba aris

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani aspeqti. amisaTvis saWiroa proeqtis sworad

wardgena, investiciebis mozidva.

nabiji 6. proeqtis implementacia - proeqtis realuri

ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia adamianuri resursebis sworad dagegmva,

rekrutingi.

nabiji 7. proeqtis marTva - proeqtis marTva aris droSi uwyveti

procesi romelic moicavs aqtivobebs, rogorc turistul bazrebze, aseve

arsebuli obieqtebis, servisebis daxvewaze mudmiv zrunvas. proeqtis

SemuSavebis da marTvis procesSi mniSvnelovania sazogadoebasTan mudmivi

kontaqti da koordinacia. es yvelaferi aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom

adgilobrivma rezidentebma zustad gaigon proeqtis koncefcia da

ganviTarebis programa. mniSvnelovani faqtia, rom adgilobriv rezidentebs

aqvT SesaZlebloba - proeqtidan miiRon garkveuli sargebeli.

dagegmvis procesSi mniSvnelovania gaTvaliswinebuli iyos Semdegi

aspeqtebi: 1. turistuli proeqtebis garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba; 2.

turistuli standartebis ganviTareba da dizaini; 3. adgilmdebareobis

dagegmva; 4. standartebis SemuSaveba; 5. arqiteqturuli dizaini; 6.

landSaftis dizaini; 7. sainJinro dizaini; 8. Senoba nagebobebis sainJinro

dizaini; 9. xarisxobrivi standartebi [50, gv. 61-70].

1. turistuli proeqtebis garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba - proeqtis

dagegmvis procesSi aucilebelia garemos dacvis kuTxiT garkveuli

aspeqtebis gaTvaliswineba, raTa samomavlod aviciloT problemebi

ekologiuri, garemoze zemoqmedebis kuTxiT. mniSvnelovania, rom TiToeuli

proeqtisaTvis moxdes misi garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba. proeqtis

garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba aseve moicavs socio-kulturul da

ekonomikuri gavlenis Sefasebas, es aucilebelia garkveuli negatiuri

Sedegebis Tavidan asacileblad. Tu SevniSnavT proeqtis ganxorcielebis

procesSi negatiur niSnebs, saWiroa misi redizaini. miuxedavad imisa, rom

55

proeqts SesaZlebelia mohqondes soliduri ekonomikuri sargebeli, zemoT

aRniSnuli negatiuri faqtorebis mniSvnelovani gavlenis SemTxvevaSi

aucilebelia misi koreqtireba.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi, saxelmwifoebs SemuSavebuli aqvT

sakanonmdeblo baza, romelic uzrunvelyofs garemos dacvas. Tu ar

arsebobs msgavsi kanonmdebloba regionSi, aucilebelia misi SemuSaveba,

romelic iqneba SesabamisobaSi regionis moTxovnebTan [42, gv. 37].

2. turistuli standartebis ganviTareba da dizaini - mniSvnelovani aspeqti

adgilobriv doneze turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis aris turistuli

dawesebulebebis uzrunvelyofa garkveuli standartebiT da normebiT.

aRniSnuli standartebi da principebi aucilebelia, rogorc momxmareblebis

moTxovnilebebis ukeT dakmayofilebis, aseve adgilobrivi rezidentebis

xasiaTis, interesebis gaTvaliswinebis kuTxiT.

standartebis SemuSaveba, dizaini, ganviTareba, saWiroa turistuli

dawesebulebebis ganviTarebisaTvis. dagegmvis aRniSnul doneze

mniSvnelovania arqiteqtorebis, landSaftis dizainerebis, inJinrebis

maqsimaluri CarTuloba. adgilobrivma xelisuflebam, erTi mxriv, unda

miiRos monawileoba standartebis SemuSavebaSi da meore mxriv, unda

uzrunvelyos stantartebis Sesrulebaze garkveuli kontroli. standartebis

SemuSavebis da dizainis procesSi xdeba adgilobri xelisuflebis mier

SemuSavebuli zonirebis da arqiteqturuli principebis dacva. sxvadasxva

qveyanaSi standartebi SemuSavebulia adgilobrivi an centraluri

xelisuflebis mier. [42; gv. 97]

3. adgilmdebareobis dagegmva - miuTiTebs Senoba-nagebobebis zust

adgilmdebareobas, dacul zonebs, igi aseve moicavs: rogor davicvaT Tavi

garemos, ekologiuri safrTxeebis Tavidan asacileblad. gansakuTrebiT

saSiSi situaciebi SeiZleba Seiqmnas aramyari niadagis pirobebSi

mSeneblobisas, aseve zRvis sanapiroebze arsebobs safrTxe maRali talRebis,

sanapiro eroziis. adgilebs, romelTac aqvT midrekileba maRali siCqaris

qarebis, seismurad aqtiuri zonis, turistuli ganviTarebisaTvis

SesaZlebelia gaxdes seriozuli Semaferxebeli faqtori. saWiroa Sesabamisi

56

komunikaciebi Senoba-nagebobebs Soris, landSaftis, rekreaciuli zonebis

gaTvaliswinebiT.

4. standartebis SemuSaveba - standartis tipebi, romelic gamoiyeneba mTel

msoflioSi turistebisaTvis da sxva saWiroebebisaTvis mdgomareobs

SemdegSi:

sxvadasxva dawesebulebebis ganviTarebis simWidrove. magaliTad,

sastumroebisaTvis simWidrove ganisazRvreba erT akrze an heqtarze

oTaxebis raodenobiT. naklebi simWidrove miuTiTebs kotejebis da

erTsarTuliani nagebobis met raodenobas. dabalidan saSualo simWidrovis

maCvenebeli moiTxovs orsarTuliani nagebobebis met raodenobas

landSaftze. saSualodan maRlisken miuTiTebs maRali Senoba nagebobebs

garkveuli limitirebuli raodenobiT. magaliTad, ekoturizmis

ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro Senoba-nagebobebi xasiaTdeba dabali simWidroviT.

masStabiT naklebi zomis dasasvenebel obieqtebs gaaCniaT naklebi

simWidrove. SedarebiT didi zomis dasasvenebel adgilebs SedarebiT ufro

meti simWidrove, Tumca am adgilebSi gaTvaliswinebulia landSaftis

dagegmarebis kuTxiT rekreaciuli adgilebi, parkebi da a.S.

aseve mniSvnelovania Senoba-nagebobebis simaRleze kontroli, romelic

unda iyos adaptirebuli adgilobrivi garemos maxasiaTeblebTan. garkveul

adgilebSi limitirebulia nagebobebis simaRle, magaliTad is SeiZleba iyos

4 sarTuli (15 metri).

adekvaturi samSeneblo sazRvrebis dacva, mTavari magistralebis,

sanapiro zolis gamwvaneba, Ria sivrceebis SenarCuneba aris sasicocxlod

mniSvnelovani mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis. unda moxdes SenarCuneba sanapiro

zolis, uzrunvelyofa sivrceebiT, romelic aucilebelia rekreaciisaTvis

da dasvenebisaTvis. [45; gv. 77]

aucilebelia parkirebisaTvis Sesabamisi sivrcis sworad dagegmareba,

sadac unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rogorc daqiravebulebis, aseve stumrebis

mosalodneli raodenoba. parkirebis adgili aseve unda moicavdes garkveul

sivrces avtobusis gaCerebisaTvis. gasaTvaliswinebelia sazogadoebrivad

57

xelmisawvdomoba sanapiro zolis da sxva obieqtebis. xelmisawvdomobasTan

erTad daculi unda iyos garkveuli usafrTxoebis normebi.

5. arqiteqturuli dizaini - arqiteqturuli dizaini, standartebi

maqsimalurad unda iyos SesabamisobaSi garemosTan, ra Tqma unda

mniSvnelovania arqiteqturaSi kreatiuli midgomebi, magram unda aRiniSnos

garkveuli fundamenturi principebi:

adgilobrivi tradiciuli, istoriuli stilis dacva aris Zalian

mniSvnelovani, vinaidan Senoba-nagebobebi istoriuli stilistikiT

turistebze axdens Zalian did STabeWdilebas. Senobebis zeda nawili

(saxuravi) aris dizainis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani elementi,

gansakuTrebiT dabali da saSualo simaRlis SenobebisaTvis. adgilobrivi

samSeneblo masalebis gamoyeneba mniSvnelovania ara mxolod arqiteqturuli

TvalsazrisiT, aramed ekonomikuri sargebelis miRebis kuTxiT -adgilobrivi

mwarmoeblebisaTvis.

turistuli obieqtebis dizainis dagegmvis dros unda gaviTvaliswinoT

Sesabamisi infrsatruqtura da specialuri saSualebebi, romlebic

aucilebelia unarSezRuduli turistebisa da TanamSromlebisaTvis.

unarSezRuduli, naxevrad-unarSezRuduli adamianebi mogzauroben, iyeneben

sxvadasxva satransporto saSualebebs, sadac maTTvis gaTvaliswinebulia

Sesabamisi konstruqciuli elementebi. aseve sastumroebSi garkveuli nomrebi

unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli invalidis etliT mosargeble adamianebisaTvis

[51, gv.37-40].

6. landSaftis dizaini - landSaftis sworad dagegmva aseve gvexmareba, rom

maqsimalurad gadmovceT xasiaTi, romelic niSandoblivia adgilobriv

garemo pirobebisaTvis, aseve SevqmnaT mimzidveli pirobebi dasvenebisaTvis.

dasasvenebel adgilebSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania gamwvanebiTi

samuSaoebis Catareba. landSaftis dizaini aseve moicavs safexmavlo

bilikebis dagegmvas, fantanebis mowyobas, quCisaTvis aucilebel

infrastruqturas, magaliTad, ganaTebis sistemis organizebas. igi aseve

gvaZlevs mniSvnelovan funqcionalur upiratesobebs: mziani adgilebis

moCrdilva; wvimisa da qarisgan Tavdacva; xmauris CaxSoba; regionSi

58

arsebuli mcenareebis turistebisaTvis wardgena; safexmavlo bilikebis

sworad dagegmva; gamwvanebiTi samuSaoebi xels uwyobs Jangbadis gamoyofas,

rac pozitiur gavlenas axdens garemoze.

7. sainJinro dizaini - infrastruqtura unda Seesabamebodes saerTaSoriso

normebs, romelic iTvaliswinebs usafrTxoebis, garemos dacvis, higienur da

sanitarul normebs. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania utilizacia da

gasufTaveba im narCenebis, romelmac SesaZlebelia safrTxe Seuqmnas garemos.

gzebi, satransporto saSualebebi unda akmayofilebdnen usafrTxoebis

standartebs.

8. Senoba-nagebobebis sainJinro dizaini - unda SemuSavdes Senoba

nagebobebisaTvis minimaluri usafrTxoebis standartebi, rogoricaa,

saxanZro gasasvlelebis mowyoba. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, mSeneblobis

procesSi unda gaviTvaliswinoT adgilobrivi klimaturi pirobebi, qari,

seismuri aqtivobebi da a.S. Tu adgilobriv xelisuflebas ar aqvs

SemuSavebuli msgavsi standartebi, maSin arsebobs saerTaSoriso, magaliTad,

msoflio jandacvis organizaciis mier SemuSavebuli wylis xarisxis

standarti.

arqiteqtura da inJineruli dizaini unda iyos maqsimalurad

loialuri garemo pirobebis mimarT da unda iyenebdes Tanamedrove

teqnologiebs. aq igulisxmeba mzis energiis maqsimalurad gamoyeneba,

bunebrivi ventilaciis sistemis Seqmna, dabali energo danaxarjebis

naTurebis gamoyeneba da sxva. zonebSi, sadac ekoturizmia ganviTarebuli,

xdeba mzis, qaris energiis gamoyeneba. am mimarTulebiT turistebisaTvis

informaciis miwodeba, resursebis konservaciaze xazgasma aris Zalian

mniSvnelovani [51, gv.60].

9. xarisxobrivi standartebi - Tanamedrove pirobebSi turistul obieqtebSi

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba xarisxobrivi standartebis dacvas

sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom xarisxis gaumjobesebisaTvis

ar aris aucilebeli xarjebis mniSvnelovani zrda. xarisxis gaumjobeseba,

upirveles yovlisa, iwvevs turistebis moTxovnilebebis maqsimalurad

dakmayofilebas. Tanamedrove turisti gaxda ufro metad kvalificiuri,

59

Sesabamisad dasvenebis obieqtma ar unda gamoiwvios maTi imedebis gacrueba.

xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebi unda ganvixiloT, rogorc komfortis, aseve

momsaxurebis kuTxiT, momsaxurebisaTvis ufro rTulia standartebis dacva,

vidre fizikuri obieqtebisaTvis.

turistuli saWiroebebisaTvis standartebis SemuSaveba xdeba, rogorc

nacionalur, aseve regionul doneze, igi maqsimalurad unda iyos

adaptirebuli sazogadoebasTan. rogorc wesi, sazogadoeba maqsimalurad

unda iyos CarTuli standartebis SemuSavebaSi da maT kontrolSi.

minimaluri standartebi sastumroebis da sxva tipis

dawesebulebebisaTvis moicavs sanitaruli, jandacvis, usafrTxoebis

normebis dacvas. minimaluri moTxovnebi, rogorc wesi, SemuSavdeba

sastumros inspeqtirebis da licenziis procedurebis procesSi. gamoiyeneba

klasifikaciis sistema, romelic gvaZlevs xarisxobrivi maCveneblebis

diferencirebis saSualebas. magaliTad, sastumros klasifikaciis sistemaSi

gamoiyeneba 5 varskvlavis principi, arsebobs aseve sxva sistemebic.

aRniSnuli sistema tur-agentebs, tur-operatorebs, turistebs aZlevs

saSualebas gaakeTon arCevani im dawesebulebebze, romlebic aris maTTvis

misaRebi, Sesabamisi infrastruqturis da servisis gaTvaliswinebiT. arsebobs

garkveuli korelacia nomrebis tarifebsa da zemoT aRniSnul varskvlavur

sistemas Soris. [49; gv. 87]

sastumroebis klasifikaciis sistema aseve aZlevs saSualebas

investorebs bazarze airCion Sesabamisi segmentebi da Tu ver akmayofileben

konkretuli segmentis moTxovnebs, moaxdinon xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebis

gaumjobeseba.

restornebma da kvebis obieqtebma aseve unda daicvas usafrTxoebis,

jandacvis, sanitaruli normebi. zogierT qveyanaSi restornebis

klasifikacia xdeba garkveuli reitinguli sistemiT.

tur-operatorebi da turistuli saagentoebi unda akmayofilebdnen

minimalur standartebs, romelSic igulisxmeba licenziidan gamomdinare

finansuri pasuxismgebloba da aseve maRali kvalifikaciis personali. aseve

gidebic unda iyos licenziis Sesabamisad gadamzadebuli. tur-saagentoebis

60

xarisxobrivi standarti moicavs mis gankargulebaSi arsebuli avtobusebis

da sxva teqnikis usafrTxoebis normebis dacvas, maRali kvalifikaciis

mZRolebis daqiravebas. aRniSnuli standarti aseve exeba avtomobilebis

gaqiravebis saagentoebs. [54; gv. 58]

amrigad, msoflio turizmis ganviTarebis Sedegad gamoikveTa is

ZiriTadi tendenciebi da mimarTulebebi, romelmac xeli unda Seuwyos

likalur (regionul) doneebze turizmis iseTi saxeebis ganviTarebas,

rogoricaa ekologiuri, saTavgadasavlo, eqstremaluri, kulturul-

SemecnebiTi, religiuri turizmi da sxva.

61

Tavi II. turizmis ganviTarebis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi

2.1. turizmis gavlena saqarTvelos ekonomikur ganviTarebaze da

Sefaseba

turizmma, rogorc ekonomikis erT-erTma mzardma seqtorma,

mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina, rogorc msoflio, aseve regionul

ekonomikaze. turistuli biznesi efuZneba teritoriis, sxvadasxva

industriebis mier warmoebuli produqtis integrirebul gamoyenebas,

romelic aucilebelia mimzidveli turistuli produqtis Sesaqmnelad [78].

globalur turistul industriaSi iqmneba mravalferovani turistuli

produqti, romelTa Taviseburebebi efuZneba konkretuli regionis

specifikas, saqonelsa da momsaxurebas, romelic saboloo angariSiT unda

miewodos momxmarebels. konkretuli regionis farglebSi SesaZlebelia

Seiqmnas turistuli produqtis sakmaod farTo asortimenti, romelic

orientirebuli iqneba Sesabamis miznobriv auditoriaze. turizmis garkveuli

mimarTulebebi moiTxovs maRali donis infrastruqturas, aseve Sesabamis

momsaxurebas, Tumca arsebobs mimarTulebebi, sadac SesaZlebelia garkveuli

momsaxurebis gaweva maTi ararsebobisas. rogorc erT, aseve meore

SemTxvevaSi turizmi ganixileba, rogorc ekonomikuri saqmianobis sfero,

romelsac SeuZlia stimuli misces rogorc calkeuli regionis, aseve

qveynis ekonomikas. [64; gv. 47]

turizms gaaCnia mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri gavlenebi, romlebic xels

uwyobs samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas, sagadasaxado Semosavlebis zrdas,

momijnave seqtorebis ganviTarebas da a.S. mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri efeqti

warmoiqmneba, rodesac xdeba vizitorebis mier fuladi Tanxebis xarjva sxva

saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze, romelic gavlenas axdens regionze, qalaqze,

sofelze, konkretul daniSnulebis adgilze [63, gv.120-125].

regionSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia garkveuli

Teoriuli da praqtikuli aspeqtebis mimoxliva, analizi, romelic

mniSvnelovani winapirobaa konkretuli regionis globalur bazarTan

62

integrirebis, saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri urTierTobebis damyarebis

TvalsazrisiT. nebismier regions gaaCnia garkveuli potenciali resursebis

TvalsazrisiT. sawyis etapze saWiroa aRniSnuli resursebis efeqtiani

gamoyenebisaTvis konkretuli variantebisa da prioritetebis gansazRvra.

strategiuli marTvis principebidan gamomdinare saWiroa aRniSnuli

prioritetebis sworad Camoyalibeba, rac xels Seuwyobs regionis

globaluri miwodebis jaWvSi CarTvas, aseve konkurentuli upiratesobis

mopovebas [79].

mmarTvelobiTi gadawyvetilebebis aucilebloba dgeba maSin, rodesac

marTvis obieqtma (Cvens SemTxvevaSi regionma, seqtorma) unda SeiZinos axali

sasurveli Tvisebebi. globaluri ekonomikis pirobebSi, unda moxdes

konkretuli konkurentuli strategiebis SemuSaveba, marTvis obieqtis

sasurvel kondiciaze gadayvana, minimaluri danaxarjebis pirobebSi, riTac

axali xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebis SeZeniT regionis sistema, sxva

sistemebTan SedarebiT moipovebs konkurentul upiratesobas.

turizmis gavlena qveynis ekonomikaze, regionze sakmaod

mravalferovani da fragmentulia. turizmis ganviTareba stimuls aZlevs da

xels uwyobs moTxovnis zrdas sxvadasxva saqonelsa da mosaxurebaze,

vinaidan regionSi Camosul turistebs aqvT mravalferovani moTxovnebi da

saWiroa maTi dakmayofileba. aRniSnuli moTxovnebi unda dakmayofildes

sxvadasxva mwarmoeblebis mier Seqmnili produqciiT. saqonelsa da

momsaxurebaze moTxovnis zrdis Sedegad iqmneba warmoebis gafarToebis

winapiroba. aRniSnulSi igulisxmeba saqoneli da momsaxureba, romelic

moixmareba rogorc ucxoeli vizitorebis, aseve adgilobrivi rezidentebis

mier. [63, gv. 80-81]

turizmis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani dadebiTi efeqtia ucxouri

valutis mozidva qveyanaSi. ucxouri valutis Semodineba qveyanaSi xdeba ara

mxolod turistuli momsaxurebis SeZenisas, aramed valutis gacvlis

operaciebidan, romelic aucilebelia yoveldRiuri saWiroebebidan

63

gamomdinare. ekonomikaze turizmis industriis gavlena SesaZlebelia iyos,

rogorc pirdapiri aseve arapirdapiri (ix. sqema 2.1) [13, gv.16].

sqema 2.1.

mogzaurobisa da turizmis msoflio sabWos monacemebis mixedviT,

mogzaurobisa da turizmis pirdapiri kontribucia saqarTvelos mTlian Siga

produqtSi 2000 wlidan 2015 wlamde dinamikaSi xasiaTdeba zrdis

tendenciiT, am maCveneblis mixedviT umaRlesi niSnuli fiqsirdeba 2011-2012

wlebSi, 2015 wlis monacemebiT Seadgina 1,888 milioni lari. (ix. diagrama 2.1)

[89].

64

8pirdapiri efeqtis gageba SedarebiT advilia, vinaidan igi warmoadgens

ucxoeli vizitorebis mier gaweuli fuladi danaxarjebis Sedegs, romelsac

iReben ekonomikuri subieqtebi, mosaxleoba, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis

organoebi uSualod turistebisgan. aq aseve igulisxmeba turistuli

kompaniebis mogeba, romelic SesaZloa mimarTul iqnes axal sainvesticio

proeqtebze, an warmoebis gafarToebaze. garda amisa, turizmis pirdapiri

gavlena aisaxeba regionul da centralur biujetSi sagadasaxado

Semosavlebis generirebis TvalsazrisiT.

sainteresoa msoflio ekonomikuri forumis mier gamoqveynebuli

monacemebi, romelic, mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis

indeqsis mixedviT zomavs im faqtorebs, romlebic gavlenas axdenen turizmis

industriis mdgrad ganviTarebaze, rac Tavis mxriv aisaxeba qveynebis

konkurentunarianobaze. konkurentunarianobis indeqsis gamoTvla xdeba

Semdegi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT: biznes garemo (12 indikatori),

usafrTxoeba (5 indikatori), jandacva da higiena (6 indikatori), adamianuri

resursebi da Sromis bazari (9 indikatori), mogzaurobisa da turizmis

prioritetuloba (6 indikatori), saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba, Riaoba (3

8 www.wttc.org

65

indikatori), safaso konkurentunarianoba (4 indikatori), garemos mdgradoba

(10 indikatori), sahaero satransporto infrastruqtura (6 indikatori),

saxmeleTo da saporto infrastruqtura (7 indikatori), turistuli

servisebis infrastuqtura (4 indikatori), bunebrivi resursebi (5

indikatori), kulturuli servisebi da biznes mogzauroba (5 indikatori)

[41, gv.5].

2015 wlis msoflio ekonomikuri forumis monacemebis mixedviT

saqarTvelo 141 qveyanas Soris 71-e poziciazea. maT Soris, xelmisawvdomi

garemo - 43-e, mogzaurobisa da turizmis politika da xelmisawvdomi garemo

- 44, infrastruqtura - 72, bunebrivi da kulturuli resursebi - 120. unda

aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelo samxreT kavkasiis regionSi uswrebs rogorc

somxeTs aseve azerbaijans [41].

saqarTveloSi aseve zrdis dinamika SeiniSneba saerTaSoriso

Camosvlebis TvalsazrisiT, rac ukanaskneli aTwleulis mniSvnelovani

tendenciaa. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sainformacio -

analitikuri departamentis monacemebis mixedviT, 2013 wlis ianvar -

dekembris intervalSi dafiqsirda 5 365 356 viziti, rac wina wlis analogiur

saangariSo periodis maCvenebels 21,2%-iT aRemateba. dekembris oficialuri

monacemebis mixedviT dafiqsirda 391 724 vizitori, rac 2012 wlis igive

periodis maCvenebels 5%-iT aRemateba. xolo 2014-2015 wlis monacemebiT

zrda 6,9%-ia. pirobiTi dayofis mixedviT, xvedriTi wilis urTierTmimarTeba

Semdegia: 1. 24 saaTi da meti 2 278 562 viziti (saerTo raodenobis 38%, mateba

2014 welTan SedarebiT 2,2%). 2. tranziti - 1 400 835 viziti (saerTo

raodenobis 23,8%, mateba 25.7%), erTdRiani viziti - 2 218 288 (saerTo

raodenobis 37%, mateba wina wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT 2. 1%)

[35, gv. 5].

2015 wlis dekembris monacemebis mixedviT liderobs somxeTi

(zrda+11%), azerbaijani (zrda+9%), TurqeTi (zrda -4%), ruseTi ( zrda+4%).

pozitiuri tendenciaa evrokavSiris qveynebis mimarTulebidan, tradiciulad

66

gamoirCeva poloneTi, CexeTi, avstria, safrangeTi, germania da italia.

(ixileT diagram 2.2.)9.

mogzaurobisa da turizmis msoflio organizaciis 2014 wlis

monacemebis mixedviT saqarTvelos mTlian Siga produqtSi, mTlianma

kontribuciam Seadgina 5,867 milioni lari, am mxriv mxolod 2005 wels

aRiniSneboda mciredi vardna, magram zogadad 2000 wlis Semdeg mudmiv

zrdas ganicdis. (ix diagrama 2.3)10

9 www. gnta.ge 10 www.wttc.org

67

rac Seexeba turizmis wils mTlian gamoSvebaSi, saqarTvelos

statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris 2013 wlis monacemebis mixedviT Seadgina

6.5%, am maCveneblis mixedviT TiTqmis gautolda 2007 wels dafiqsirebul

niSnuls. aRniSnuli indikatori 2014 wlis monacemebis mixedviT Seadgens 7-

%.11

turizmis mTlian gamoSvebaSi produqciis struqtura garkveulwilad

icvleba, Tu 2008 wlamde dominirebda satransporto momsaxureba, axla

dominanturia restornebis, barebis, sasadiloebis momsaxureba da mza

sakvebis miwodeba, aseve mniSvnelovani roli aqvs turistuli agentebis

saqmianobas. 2014 wlis monacemebiT turistuli agentebis saqmianobis wili

wina wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT 10%-iT gaizarda. (ix. diagrama

2.5).

11 საქართველოს სტატისტიკის ეროვნული სამსახური, 2015

68

diagrama 2.5. turizmis sferoebSi produqciis mTliani gamoSveba (mln

lari)

transporti - turistuli momsaxurebis mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli

komponentia. turizmis ganviTarebisas satransporto seqtorisadmi moTxovna

gansakuTrebiT izrdeba, rasac mowmobs msoflios sxvadasxva regionSi

saerTaSoriso vizitorebis zrdis dinamika. Tu gadavxedavT sxvadasxva

satransporto saSualebebis gamoyenebis procentul maCveneblebs, dominirebs

Sor da saSualo distanciaze sahaero transporti 52%-iT. mas mosdevs

saxmeleTo satransporto saSualebebi 40%-iT, gavrcelebuli formaa kerZo

avtomobiliT gadaadgileba, rogorc regionuli, aseve saerTaSoriso

masStabiT. rac Seexeba sarkinigzo transports, misi wili 2%-iT ganisazRvra,

rac dabali maCvenebelia warsul periodTan SedarebiT, Tumca mas SeuZlia

sakuTari wilis gazrda Cqarosnuli xazebis ganviTarebiT. [76; gv. 87]

saqarTveloSi turizmis sferoebSi produqciis mTlian gamoSvebaSi

mniSvnelovani wiliTaa warmodgenili saxmeleTo, sazRvao da kabotaJuri

wylis, sarkinigzo transporti. saxmeleTo transportis, sazRvao da

kabotaJuri wylis transportis wilma mTlian gamoSvebaSi 2012 wels

69

Seadgina 827 milioni lari. 2006- dan 2012 wlamde fiqsirdeba zrdis

tendencia. rac Seexeba sarkinigzo transports, 2012 wels turizmis

sferoebSi produqciis mTlian gamoSvebaSi, Seadgina 122 milioni lari.

saqarTveloSi statistikuri kvlevebiT da eqspertuli SefasebebiT lideri

poziciebi aqvs saxmeleTo satransporto saSualebebs, mas mosdevs sahaero,

rkinigzis da sazRvao satransporto saSualebebi12.

ganTavsebis saSualebebi - ganTavsebis obieqtebi ganixileba, rogorc

turis mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli elementi. sastumro industriis

ganviTareba, momsaxurebis saTanado standartebis daweseba - qveyanaSi

turizmis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani winapirobaa. am TvalsazrisiT,

turistuli centris an regionis mdgomareobis Sefasebis indikatori aris

arsebuli sawoli oTaxebis raodenoba, datvirTva, momsaxurebis xarisxi da

a.S. ganTavsebis saSualebebis raodenoba, sawoli oTaxebi naTlad

gansazRvravs, turistebis gamaspinZlebis TvalsazrisiT, qveynis an regionis

SesaZleblobebs. arsebobs sxvadasxva tipis sastumroebi, premium klasis,

motelebi, hostelebi, ,,sawoli da sauzme“ tipis sastumroebi, aseve

„Inn“tipis dawesebulebebi. sastumroebi sxvadasxva tipebis arseboba

migvaniSnebs ganTavsebis industriis mravalferovnebaze.

qarTul bazarze ganTavsebis industriaSi lideri poziciebi aqvs

aWaris regionsa da Tbiliss. sawoli adgilebis raodenobis 63-%-i modis

sastumroebze, mas mosdevs saojaxo sastumroebi da sastumro saxlebi,

TiToeuli 16%-iani wiliT. mTlianobaSi sul qveyanaSi fiqsirdeba 1051

ganTavsebis saSualeba, 34 751 sawoli adgiliT. ukanasknel periodSi

saqarTveloSi vizitorebis zrdis dinamika fiqsirdeba, rac gvaZlevs

saSualebas gavakeToT optimisturi prognozebi damatebiT axali

sastumroebis mSeneblobis aucileblobasTan dakavSirebiT. saqarTveloSi

ukve funqcionirebs saerTaSoriso brendis ramodenime sastumro, rogoricaa

Radisson Blue Iveria, Tbilisi Marriott, Courtyard Marriot, Sheraton Metekhi Palace, Holiday Inn

და Citadines [35, გვ.8].

12 www.geostat.ge

70

saqarTveloSi sastumroebisa da restornebis saqmianobis Sedegebi naCvenebia

cxrilSi 2.1. 2013-2014 wlis monacemebis mixedviT gazrdilia rogorc brunva

aseve gamoSvebuli produqciis moculoba. 2014 wels dasaqmebulTa raodenoba

gaizarda 3,4%-iT, dinamikaSi aseve zrdis tempiT gamoirCeva dasaqmebulTa

saSualo Tviuri anazRaureba [27].

sastumroebi da restornebi cxrili. 2.1

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

ბრუნვა, მლნ.ლარი(მლნ

ლარი) 81.3 126.7 179.0 192.8 224.6 280.0 383.9 573.8 730.0

787.4 843.6

გამოშვებულიპროდუქცია,

მლნ.ლარი(მლნ ლარი) 88.3 134.6 177.4 193.5 225.7 271.5 365.6 574.0 718.7

779.6 832.8

დამატებულიღირებულება,

მლნ.ლარი(მლნ ლარი) 38.4 56.7 74.8 84.1 93.7 114.3 149.9 200.9 281.2

296.4 327.3

შუალედურიმოხმარება,

მლნ.ლარი(მლნ ლარი) 49.9 77.9 102.6 109.4 132.0 157.2 215.7 373.1 437.5

483.2 505.5

ფიქსირებულიაქტივები,

მლნ.ლარი(მლნ ლარი) 232.7 309.6 222.9 186.0 379.0 591.3 646.8 680.1 749.4

656.6 730.8

დასაქმებულთარაოდენობა,

კაცი(ათასი) 7920 11437 11993 11554 11184 13540 16106 24003 27821

30285 31330

დასაქმებულთა საშუალო

თვიური ანაზღაურება

(ლარი)

155.5

153.1

196.7

238.8

333.7

364.9

377.9

342.5

397.3

437.1

477.8

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri

gaerTianebuli erebis msoflio turizmis organizaciis informaciaze

dayrdnobiT, msoflio masStabiT, sastumro nomrebis raodenoba weliwadSi

2.5%-iT izrdeba. datvirTvebis maCvenebelic zrdis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba da

wlis ganmavlobaSi Seadgens 65%. msoflioSi arsebuli sastumroebis

umravlesoba koncentrirebulia evropasa da amerikaSi [42, gv.154].

kveba da vaWroba - ganTavsebis industriis msgavsad turistuli paketis

mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli elementia kveba. kvebis industria Sedgeba

sarestorno, turistuli kvebis, savaWro aparatiT gayidvis da

saxelSekrulebo sazogadoebrivi kvebis servisebisagan. adgilobrivi

restornebis SemadgenlobaSi aseve Sedis swrafi kvebis obieqtebi, yavaxanebi,

specializebuli restornebi, saojaxo restornebi, kafeteriebi da a.S. unda

71

aRiniSnos, rom sazogadoebrivi kvebis servisebi kompaniebSi,

saavadmyofoebSi, sabavSvo baRebSi ar iTvleba turistuli industriis

Semadgenel nawilad.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi gaCnda ,,kulinariuli turizmis’’ cneba, romelic

ukanaskneuli aTwleulis mniSvnelovani tendenciaa. arsebobs sxvadasxva

saxis samecniero literatura, veb-gverdebi aRniSnul sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT. kulinaruli turizmis saerTaSoriso asociacia (International

Culinary Tourism Association ICTA) kulinariul turizms ganmartavs Semdegnairad:

,,es aris unikaluri da dasamaxsovrebeli kulinariuli gamocdileba

mogzaurobis dros, magram sakuTar qveyanaSic nebismieri SeiZleba gaxdes

kulinariuli turisti“ [42, gv.139-140].

turizmi aseve stimuls aZlevs axali produqciis Seqmnas,

aumjobesebs sacalo gayidvebs, xels uwyobs specializebuli maRaziebis,

savaWro ubnebis Camoyalibebas. savaWro operaciebi SesaZloa ukavSirdebodes

iseT produqtebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia uSualod turistebTan, aseve

araturistul produqciasac (magaliTad, Soping turebi).

garTobis industria da atraqciebi - garTobis industria da

sanaxaobebi turistuli produqtis mniSvnelovani elementebia, romelic mas

unikalur maxasiaTeblebs Zens sxva turistul produqtTan SedarebiT.

aRniSnuli elementebis mravalferovneba damokidebulia konkretuli tur-

paketis maxasiaTeblebze. turistuli paketis formirebis procesSi, garTobis

saSualebebis, sanaxaobis SerCevisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT turistebis

erovneba, kulturuli faseulobebi, cxovrebis stili da a.S. arsebobs

garTobis, rekreaciis sxvadasxva saSualebebi, romlebic SegviZlia

gamoviyenoT miznobriv turistul jgufebSi. umetes SemTxvevaSi garTobis

saSualebebi moicavs eqskursiebis procesSi dagegmil RonisZiebebs,

romlebic SesaZloa dakavSirebuli iyos bunebrivi landSaftebis

daTvalierebasTan, kulturuli, istoriuli Zeglebis monaxulebasTan da

garTobis sxva saSualebebTan. [87; gv. 34]

72

garkveuli turebisaTvis garTobaze, sanaxaobis monaxulebaze gaweuli

fuladi danaxarjebi SesaZloa Seadgendes turis Rirebulebis mniSvnelovan

Semadgenel nawils. danaxarjebi atraqciebze da garTobaze warmoadgens

pirdapir xarjebs. zogadad aRniSnuli elementebi turistuli produqtis

mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawilia, romlis mTavari mizania turistebis

STabeWdilebebiT uzrunvelyofa, rac nebismieri daniSnulebis adgilisaTvis

warmatebis miRwevis mniSvnelovani winapirobaa.

dazRveva, sabanko da safinanso servisebi - sadazRvevo momsaxureba

turizmis seqtorSi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva tipis paketebis saxiT.

praqtikaSi arsebobs sxvadasxva tipis sadazRvevo paketebi, rac aucilebelia

mogzaurobis procesSi, pirvel rigSi usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli

sakiTxebidan gamomdinare. saqme imaSia, rom sxvadasxva qveyanaSi mogzaurobis

dros, arsebobs uamravi risk-faqtori, romelic SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes

usafrTxoebas, jandacvas, satransporto, fsiqologiur da finansur riskebs.

aucilebelia, sadazRvevo polisTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaazreba

turistebis mxridan. Tanamedrove sadazRvevo bazarze sadazRvevo paketebis

tarifebis sidide damokidebulia turistis asakze, profesiaze, saqmianobis

sferoze, konkretul qveyanaze, sadac miemgzavreba turisti da a.S.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi gamoikveTa saerTaSoriso sadazRvevo polisis

aucilebloba, romelic miscems saSualebas turistebs miiRon xarisxiani

samedicino momsaxureba msoflios nebismier qveyanaSi.

aseve unda aRiniSnos, sabanko da safinanso servisebis mniSvneloba da

aucilebloba, radgan turistebi mogzaurobis procesSi xarjaven garkveul

fulad Tanxebs sxvadasaxva saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze. aqedan gamomdinare

dgeba fuladi resursebis usafrTxoebis aucilebloba. turistuli

saqmianoba gavlenas axdens sabanko servisebze, rogorc geografiuli, aseve

SemoTavazebuli produqtebis mravalferovnebis TvalsazrisiT. turistuli

obieqtebis mimzidveloba gamoixateba ara mxolod maT mravalferovnebaSi da

raodenobaSi, aramed, aseve Sesabamisi servisebis arsebobaSi, romelSic

mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs sabanko momsaxureba. gansakuTrebiT unda

gamoiyos sabanko finansuri operaciebi, tranzaqciebi, romelic moicavs

73

savaluto gacvliT operaciebs, Cekebis, eleqtronuli fulis gamoyenebas da

a.S. sabanko finansuri operaciebis stimulirebas mivyavarT turistebis

mxridan saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze xarjebis zrdasTan rac pozitiurad

aisaxeba qveynis da regionis ekonomikaze. [47, gv. 16]

saqarTvelos sadazRvevo bazris monacemebis analizisas ikveTeba

Semdegi ZiriTadi tendenciebi, 2011 wels samogzauro dazRvevaze

gaformebulma polisebma Seadgina 181,937 lari, anazRaurebulma zaralma

495,855 lari, mTlianad mozidulma premiam Seadgina 2,980,746 lari,

sadazRvevo bazarze mTliani wili ganisazRvra 0.93%-iT. 2014 wlis

mdgomareobis mixedviT igive maCveneblebis statistika Semdegi saxisaa:

gaformebuli samogzauro polisebis raodenoba 252,756, samogzauro

dazRvevidan mozidulma premiam jamSi Seadgina 4,863,123 lari, bazris wili

ganisazRvra 1,42%-iT.13

satelekomunikacio da informaciuli servisebi - pirdapir kavSirSia

regionSi turizmis ganviTarebasTan. gansakuTrebuli intensivobiT

gamoirCeva, turistebis mier mogazaurobis dros mobiluri sakomunikacio

sistemebis gamoyeneba. informaciuli servisebi, Tanamedrove pirobebSi

gadamwyveti faqtoria konkretuli qveynis, regionis, saerTaSorioso,

adgilobriv bazarze pozicionirebis TvalsazrisiT. sainformacio

sitemebTan dakavSirebulia turizmSi sxvadasxva saxis servisebi, maT Soris,

onlain gayidvebi, romlis wili, gayidvebis TvalsazrisiT, yovelwliurad

izrdeba. unda aRiniSnos, rom turistuli industria msoflioSi erT-erTi

mowinavea Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT, aq

igulisxmeba, rogorc globaluri sadistribucio sistemebi, aseve Sida

menejmentis, marTvis sistemebi, rac moxerxebuls da komfortuls xdis

momxmarebelTan urTierTobas.

Tanamedrove informaciuli teqnologiebis mimarTulebiT

saqarTveloSi ukanaskneli aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi ganxorcielda

mniSvnelovani proeqtebi. eleqtronuli sakomunikacio qselebSi

13 https://www.nbg.gov.ge

74

ganxorcielda farTo masStabiani reforma numeraciis erovnuli sistemis

danergvasTan dakavSirebiT, ris Sedegadac mTlianad qveynis masStabiT

amoqmedda fiqsirebuli adgilobrivi satelefono qselebis, mobiluri da

usadeno fiqsirebuli qselebis axali numeracia. aseve 2012 wels amoqmedda

erTiani sagangebo nomeri 112, rac ucxoeli vizitorebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT

regionebSi qmnis usafrTxoebis garkveul garantiebs.

turizmis arapirdapiri gavlena ekonomikaze moicavs, Semosavlebs da

efeqtebs, romelic warmoiqmneba saerTo ekonomikuri aqtivobebis zrdis

Sedegad. vizitorebis danaxarjebis zrdis Sedegad izrdeba ekonomikuri

agentebis Semosavlebi, am procesSi warmoiqmneba jaWvi danaxarjebi-

Semosavlebi-danaxarjebi, aRniSnuli procesi grZeldeba brunvaSi Semosuli

Tanxis Semcirebamde. danaxarjebis pirdapiri da arapirdapiri efeqtebiT

ganisazRvreba ekonomikaze saerTo gavlenis masStabi [62]. aseve unda

aRiniSnos, rom gaweuli danaxarjebidan miRebuli Semosavlebi momdevno

wreze mTlianad ar ixarjeba, misi nawili izogeba, xolo garkveuli nawili

ixarjeba adgilobrivi ekonomikis farglebs gareT. arapirdapiri gavlenebis

gamoTvla xdeba e.w multiplikatorebis saSualebiT [21, gv.119 ].

regionul da adgilobriv biujetze gavlena - sagadasaxado

Semosavlebis mniSvnelovan wyarod ganixileba turistuli da masTan

dakavSirebuli kompaniebidan miRebuli Semosavlebi. gadasaxadebi SesaZloa

konkretuli qveynis specifikidan gamomdinare iyos sxvadasxva. gadasaxadebi

ukavSirdeba, rogorc turistul kompaniebs, aseve turistebsac, magaliTad,

dokumentebis warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli, sabaJo da sxva tipis

gadasaxadebi.

mniSvnelovania, ganvixiloT seqtorSi arsebuli mdgomareoba regionul

WrilSi. sastumroebisa da restornebis brunvis moculobis mixedviT

regionebidan dominirebs Tbilisi, aWara, imereTi da mcxeTa-mTianeTis

regionebi. mTlianad qveynis masStabiT brunvis moculoba dinamikaSi 2000-dan

2012 wlis CaTvliT zrdis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba, 2012 wels dafiqsirda 730

milioni lari, 2011-2012 wels dafiqsirda 27%-iani zrda. 2014 wels

75

saqarTvelos masStabiT brunvis moculoba 7.1% gazrdili. regionul WrilSi

kvlav liderobs Tbilisi 579.3 milioni lariT, rac Seadgens mTliani

brunvis 68,6%. Tbilisis Semdeg yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli gaaCnia aWaris

regions 134,1 milio lari. rac Seexeba Sida qarTlis regions 1999 wlidan

2014 wlamde yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli dafiqsirda 2011 wels. 2014 wels

wina wlis maCvenebelTan SedarebiT brunva 34% gazrdili (ix. cxr. 2.2) .

sastumroebSi da restornebSi dasaqmebulTa kuTxiTac, zrdis

tendencia SeiniSneba, 2012 wlis monacemebis mixedviT dasaqmebulTa

raodenobam jamSi Seadgina 27821 adamiani. saqarTvelos statistikis

erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT sastumroebSi da restornebSi

dasaqmebulTa raodenobam 31330 kaci Seadgina. 2013-2014 wlis monacemebiT

zrdis dinamika fiqsirdeba TbilisSi, aWaraSi, guriaSi, kaxeTSi, mcxeTa-

mTianeTSi, samegrelo-zemo svaneTsa da Sida qarTlis regionSi. zemoT

aRniSnuli regionebisagan gansxvavebiT klebis tendenciaa imereTSi (-12%),

raWa-leCxumSi (-47%), samcxe-javaxeTSi (-9%). Sida qarTlis regionSi

dasaqmebis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli fiqsirdeba2011 wels. 2013-2014 wels

zrda 21%-ia (ix. cxrili 2.3)14 .

14 www. geostat.ge

76

სასტუმროების და რესტორნების ბრუნვის მოცულობა რეგიონების მიხედვით

(მლნ ლარი) ცხრილი. 2.2

წელი საქართველ

ო სულ,

მლნ

თბილის

ი

აჭარ

ა

გური

ა

იმერეთ

ი

კახეთ

ი

მცხეთამ

თიანეთი

რაჭა-

ლეჩხუმი

ქვემო

სვანეთი

საემეგრელო

ზემო


სამცხე

ჯავახეთ

ი

ქვემო

ქართლ

ი

შიდა

ქართლი

1999 50.5 29.1

4.8

0.5

4.5

0.7

2.5

0.1

1.8

2.5

1.8

2.2

2000 55.6

35.6

5.6

0.4

3.8

0.4

2.9

0.1

1.3

1.2

1.8

2.5

2001 51.3

32.9

3.3

0.5

4.0

0.6

3.5

0.1

1.7

0.6

1.8

2.3

2002 53.4

40.5

3.5

0.4

2.1

0.3

3.1

0.1

1.1

0.3

1.4

0.6

2003 62.1

49.1

3.3

0.4

2.5

0.4

3.3

0.1

1.2

0.5

0.5

0.8

2004 81.3

62.2

5.1

0.5

3.2

0.4

4.5

0.1

1.8

0.5

1.5

1.5

2005 126.7

92.0

10.2

1.0

4.9

1.0

5.8

0.2

2.5

3.5

3.5

2.1

2006 179.0

137.1

14.2

1.3

5.5

1.1

7.9

0.2

2.8

4.6

2.4

1.9

2007 192.8

136.4

20.2

1.0

6.3

0.8

5.4

0.1

10.9

6.1

3.1

2.5

2008 224.6

151.9

20.5

0.8

6.3

0.7

6.8

0.2

21.1

8.9

5.1

2.3

2009 280.0

205.7

26.5

1.7

7.0

0.9

4.9

0.1

20.7

6.5

3.7

2.3

2010 383.9

306.7

37.7

1.4

7.3

4.7

8.6

0.2

6.3

7.3

2.5

1.2

2011 573.8 455.3

54.2

4.4 16.4

2.5

12.3

0.4

8.4

6.8

6.7

6.4

2012 730.0

534.6

95.0

5.3

24.6

6.0

24.3

0.6

7.7

14.7

11.3

5.9

2013 787.4 548.3 119.9 7.3 28.1 11.5 24.4 0.8 12.7 18.4 11.4 4.6

2014 843.6 579.3 134.1 4.8 32.4 12.6 27.4 0.8 10.6 19.0 16.4 6.2

77

სასტუმროებში და რესტორნებში დასაქმებულთა რაოდენობა რეგიონების მიხედვით ცხრილი. 2.3

წელი საქართველ

ო სულ

თბილის

ი

აჭარა გურია იმერეთ

ი

კახეთი მცხეთამ

თიანეთი

რაჭა-

ლეჩხუმი

ქვემო


საემეგრელო

ზემო


სამცხე

ჯავახეთი

ქვემო

ქართლ

ი

შიდა

ქართლ

ი

1999 8801

3213

1569

121

1014

242

414

49

559

733

531

356

2000 11399

5756

1519

160

1076

271

476

38

570

336

681

516

2001 7590

3277

980

139

1029

231

507

55

401

184

452

335

2002 6856

3464

888

121

624

189

497

71

265

160

355

222

2003 6701

3334

717

110

686

199

591

69

306

198

181

310

2004 7920

4067

954

148

651

192

695

68

311

139

343

352

2005 11437

5672

1626

147

906

262

850

55

392

481

601

445

2006 11993

5725

2209

245

847

210

829

85

447

509

513

374

2007 11554

5884

1978

120

796

151

488

42

664

631

448

352

2008 11184

4915

1700

110

877

132

710

45

868

743

634

450

2009 13540

7792

1816

211

803

120

424

36

972

517

490

361

2010 16106

10668

2278

159

599

363

539

36

318

537

425

183

2011 24003

16132

2379

439

1072

320

687

29

641

697

785

821

2012 27821

16846

4109

312

1768

507

1239

55

705

1007

814

460

2013 30285 16564 5826 415 1993 671 951 170 858 1417 979 441

2014 31330 17084 6002 458 1748 972 988 89 778 1285 1391 535

78

rac Seexeba seqtorSi Sromis saSualo Tviur anazRaurebas, regionebis

mixedviT dominirebs Tbilisi 620.4 lariT, xolo minimaluri odenoba

fiqsirdeba Sida qarTlSi - 139.7 lari. saSualod ki saqarTveloSi fiqsirdeba

477.8 lari, rac ra Tqma unda niSnavs, rom seqtori ver qmnis

maRalanazRaurebad samuSao adgilebs (ix. cxrili. 2.4).

cxrili. 2.4

sastumroebSi da restornebSi dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri Sromis

anazRaureba regionebis mixedviT (mln lari)15

წელ

ი

საქართ

ველო

სულ

(ლარი)

თბილ

ისი

აჭარ

ა

გური

ა

იმერეთ

ი

კახეთი მცხეთ

ამთიან

ეთი

რაჭა-

ლეჩხუმ

ი ქვემო


საემეგრე

ლო

ზემო


სამცხ

ე

ჯავახ

ეთი

ქვემ

ო

ქარ

თლ

ი

შიდა

ქართლ

ი

2006 196.7

291.7

96.2

90.9

65.8

65.3

153.8

35.5

81.5

113.0

66.9

72.8

2007 238.5

314.7

180.5

105.3

80.2

56.4

215.2

27.9

170.8

154.1

70.2

76.8

2008 333.7

508.0

226.0

127.6

95.7

75.5

276.5

84.4

246.6

179.0

95.5

71.5

2009 364.9

465.4

241.9

148.3

124.9

91.4

363.2

107.9

243.8

200.8

109.7

159.1

2010 377.9

421.4

401.5

88.5

108.7

161.2

386.1

124.4

236.9

127.1

114.6

141.0

2011 342.5

390.3

369.8

140.3

182.7

140.6

398.2

55.5

244.1

133.0

110.8

113.5

2012 397.3

464.6

420.2

170.2

190.6

240.6

318.1

144.0

223.2

163.9

161.4

116.1

2013 437.1 548.4 358.4 166.3 136.4 281.0 531.3 142.6 321.9 272.4 211.3 112.8

2014 477.8 620.4 362.3 224.3 155.2 269.2 573.1 210.7 288.5 311.9 142.2 139.7

15 www.geostat.ge

79

cxrili. 2.5

sastumroebSi da restornebis damatebuli Rirebulebis moculoba regionebis

mixedviT (mln lari)

წელ

ი

საქართ

ველო

სულ

(ლარი)

თბილ

ისი

აჭარ

ა

გური

ა

იმერეთ

ი

კახეთი მცხეთ

ამთიან

ეთი

რაჭა-

ლეჩხუმ

ი ქვემო


საემეგრე

ლო

ზემო


სამცხ

ე

ჯავახ

ეთი

ქვემ

ო

ქარ

თლ

ი

შიდა

ქართლ

ი

2006 74.8

61.0

4.6

0.5

1.2

0.3

2.9

0.1

0.9

2.1

0.7

0.5

2007 84.1

61.9

9.2

0.4

1.6

0.3

2.5

0.0

3.6

3.2

0.7

0.7

2008 93.7

69.6

8.0

0.3

1.5

0.2

3.8

0.1

4.5

3.9

1.0

0.8

2009 114.3

83.5

15.2

0.7

1.6

0.3

2.6

0.1

5.6

2.7

1.0

1.0

2010 149.9

114.1 21.1

0.6

1.4

2.7

3.7

0.0

2.2

2.8

0.8

0.5

2011 200.9

151.3

26.4 1.2

5.9

0.7

6.6

0.1

3.0

2.1

1.5

2.1

2012 281.2

204.5

39.9

1.8

8.6

3.4

11.3

0.2

3.2

4.1

3.1

1.1

2013 296.4 202.7 50.5 4.3 9.6 4.7 7.2 0.5 5.9 6.5 3.2 1.3

2014 327.3 217.1 59.4 2.4 10.7 5.2 10.7 0.6 5.3 8.6 4.6 2.7

igive SeiZleba iTqvas sastumroebSi da restornebSi Seqmnil damatebul

Rirebulebaze saqarTveloSi. 2014 wels sul Seiqmna 327.3 mln laris

damatebuli Rirebuleba. Tbilisis wili Seadgens 217.1 mln. lars (66%), aWaris

wili 18%-ia, xolo danarCeni nawildeba sxva regionebze (ix. cxrili. 2.5) [15].

rac Seexeba ganTavsebis saSualebebis ganawilebas, aq mowinave

poziciebzea: aWara, samcxe-javaxeTi, kaxeTi, Tbilisi, bolo adgilzea Sida

qarTli. (ix. diagrama 2.6) [34, gv.8]

80

sawoli oTaxebis raodenobis mixedviT pirvel adgilzea aWaris regioni,

mas mosdevs samcxe-javaxeTi, Tbilisi, guria, imereTi, kvlav bolo adglzea

Sida qarTli (ix. diagrama 2.7) [1. gv.8]. 16

regionul WrilSi turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebis mimarTulebebze

dakvirvebiT SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom seqtori regionebSi araTanabradaa

ganviTarebuli, amplituda aris maRali, rac dadebiTad ver axasiaTebs

seqtors da zogadad qveynis ekonomikas.

16 www.gnta.ge

81

sagadasaxdelo balansze, saerTaSoriso vaWrobaze zemoqmedeba -

momsaxurebiT vaWroba saerTaSoriso turizmis TvalsazrisiT, iseve rogorc

saerTaSoriso vaWroba saqonliT, ganixileba saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri

urTierTobebis Semadgenel nawilad. saerTaSoriso turizms, rogorc

saerTaSoriso vaWrobis Semadgenel elements, tradiciuli saqonlisagan

gansxvavebiT axasiaTebs garkveuli Taviseburebebi. gansakuTrebiT unda

aRiniSnos:

• ucxoeli vizitorebis (FVS) mier gaweuli xarjebi warmoadgens

mogzaurobisa da turizmis servisebis eqsports;

• rezidentebis (RSA) mier sazRvargareT gaweuli xarjebi warmoadgens

mogzaurobisa da turizmis servisebis imports.

saerTaSoriso turizmi asrulebs katalizatoris rols, saqonlisa da

momsaxurebis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT da aZlevs stimuls ekonomikis sxva

seqtorebs. saerTaSoriso turizmi, aseve gavlenas axdens, rogorc qveynis aseve

regionebis sagadasaxdelo balansis struqturaze. saldo ganisazRvreba,

rogorc sxvaoba ucxoeli vizitorebis da adgilobrivi rezidentebis

sazRvargareT gaweuli xarjebiT. saerTaSoriso turizms SeuZlia gavlena

moaxdinos samTavrobo politikis formirebaze, dagegmvaze, sagadasaxdelo

balansis stabilizaciisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebze. sagadasaxdelo balansze

turizmis seqtoris gavlenis gamoTvla Zalian rTulia, Tumca arsebobs

meTodologiebi, romlebic gvaZlevs saSualebas gamovTvaloT aRniSnuli

gavlenebi. [59, gv. 89]

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos sagasaxdelo balanss, 2010-2014 wlebSi

momsaxurebis eqsportSi gamoirCeva turistuli momsaxureba. turizmis

eqsporti 2011 wels, 2010 welTan SedarebiT, 44-%-iT gaizarda da misi wili

momsaxurebis eqsportSi 59.2%-s Seadgens. xolo importi 2014 wels wina wlis

maCvenebelTan SedarebiT 1.7%-iT gaizarda da wili momsaxurebis importSi

ganisazRvra 17.4%-iT. 2014 wels turizmis balansSi piradi turizmis wili

Warbobs saqmiani turizmis wils da igi Seadgens 64 %-s. momsaxurebis

82

eqsportSi turistuli momsaxurebis Semdeg meore adgilzea satransporto

momsaxureba [25] (ix. cxrili 2.6). cxrili 2.6.17

Mmln aSS

dolari 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 struqtura

momsaxurebis

eqsporti, sul 1,598.8 2,008.2 2,543.7 2,964.0 3,018.5 100.0

satransporto

momsaxureba 695.1 796.8 849.6 960.8 967.1 32.0

turistuli

momsaxureba 659.2 954.9 1,410.9 1,719.7 1,787.1 59.2

kavSirgabmulobis

momsaxureba 27.5 36.5 49.1 55.3 56.3 1.9

samSeneblo

momsaxureba 9.6 8.6 7.6 9.1 5.5 0.2

sadazRvevo

momsaxureba 38.4 21.1 18.3 18.5 20.2 0.7

finansuri

momsaxureba 16.9 17.4 19.8 8.6 7.0 0.2

kompiuteruli da

sainformacio

momsaxureba

7.4 5.3 3.8 2.7 4.2 0.1

dasaqmeba - mniSvnelovani sargebeli, romelic unda moitanos turizmma,

aris axali samuSao adgilebi. turizmis seqtors SeuZlia samuSao adgilebis

Seqmna axalgazrdebisTvis, qalebisTvis, adgilobriv umciresobaTa

jgufebisTvis. turizmi asaqmebs ara mxolod sastumroebSi, restornebSi da

sxva turistul sawarmoebSi, aseve arapirdapir sxva seqtorebSic, rogoricaa

soflis meurneoba, mrewveloba, transporti da a.S. ekonomikurad depresiul

arealSi samuSao adgilebis SeqmniT seqtors SeuZlia Seamciros

axalgazrdebis emigracia, urbanizacia.

saqarTveloSi mogzaurobisa da turizmis pirdapiri kontribucia

dasaqmebaSi 2012 wels ganisazRvra 78 000 samuSao adgiliT, yvelaze maRali

niSnuli dafiqsirda 2001 – 2002wlebSi. 2014 wlis monacemebis mixedviT

turizmma Seqmna 84 aTasi samuSao adgili, wina wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan

SedarebiT dafiqsirda 2%-iani zrda (ix. diagrama 2.8) 18.

17 https://www.nbg.gov.ge 18 www.wttc.org

83

Tumca turizmis wvlili dasaqmebaSi amiT ar Semoifargleba. turizmis

seqtori agreTve xels uwyobs arapirdapiri samuSao adgilebis generirebas

sxva seqtorebSi.

turistul kompleqsebs, turistebis moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad,

sWirdebaT sawarmoo urTierTobebi sxva seqtoris warmomadgenlebTan. es

garemoeba garkveulwilad arTulebs turizmSi pirdapir da iribad

dasaqmebuli adamianebis identifikacias. turizmis specifika, am TvalsazrisiT,

aseve gamoixateba imaSi, rom is aris Sromaintensiuri mimarTuleba. miuxedavad

imisa, rom Tanamedrove teqnologiebis ganviTarebam garkveuli koreqtireba

moaxdina adamianuri resursebis gamoyenebis, marTvis TvalsazrisiT,

momsaxurebis xarisxi mainc damokidebulia dasaqmebulTa raodenobaze erT

turistTan mimarTebiT.

saqarTveloSi turizmis mTliani kontribucia dasaqmebaSi pirdapiri da

arapirdapiri efeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT mogzaurobisa da turizmis sabWos

(WTTC) 2014 wlis monacemebiT 300 aTas dasaqmebuls Seadgens, is marTalia

CamorCeba 2001 – 2004 wlebis monacemebs, Tumca 2008 wlis Semdeg dinamikaSi

ganicdis zrdas (ix. diagrama 2.9)19.

19 www.wttc.org

0

20

40

60

80

100

66.9

99.3 95.382.4

74.3

56.865

5142.8

51.7 56.163.7

78.9 83.1 84.9

დიაგრამა2.8 მოგზაურობისადა ტურიზმისპირდაპირი კონტრიბუცია დასაქმებაში (000)

84

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom turistuli aqtivobebis zrda regionSi, SesaZloa

axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis mniSvnelovani winapiroba gaxdes, rac

pozitiurad aisaxeba, rogorc regionze aseve mTlianad qveyanaze.

ekologiuri gavlena - turizmis ganviTarebis procesi xSirad iwvevs

bunebrivi resursebisTvis zianis miyenebas da zog SemTxvevaSi maT

ganadgurebas. turizmis ekologiurobas an araekologiurobas gansazRvravs

misi uaryofiTi an dadebiTi zemoqmedeba garemoze, bunebriv resursebze.

miuxedavad imisa, rom turizmi xSirad uaryofiTad moqmedebs bunebaze, ar

SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos is dadebiTi aspeqtebi, romelic moaqvs turizmis

industriis ganviTarebas. xSir SemTxvevaSi, mosaxleobis informireba

ekologiis sakiTxebSi swored turizmis ganviTarebis damsaxurebaa.

detalurad ganvixiloT garemoze turizmis industriis zemoqmedebis

dadebiTi da uaryofiTi aspeqtebi. garemos mniSvnelovan zians ayenebs aseve

saavtomobilo gzebis mSenebloba, romelmac SesaZloa garkveuli diskomforti

Seuqmnas adgilobriv mosaxleobas, rogorc haeris dabinZurebis, aseve xmauris

TvalsazrisiT. mniSvnelovani damabinZurebeli faqtoria sahaero transporti.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

240,6

354,8340,6

294,7270,2

211,5234,6

190,3161,9

190,6203,2230,1

281,2295,5300

2.9. მოგზაურობისა და ტურიზმის მთლიანი კონტრიბუციადასაქმებაში

(ათასი)

85

sahaero transportis intensiuri ganviTareba iwyeba XX saukunis meore

naxevridan. turizmis ganviTareba warmoudgenelia sahaero transportis gareSe,

Tumca gamoyofili gamonabolqvi naxSirorJangi, nitrogenis oqsidi,

uaryofiTad aixaseba garemoze. iqmneba garkveuli problemebi globaluri

daTbobis TvalsazrisiT. rodesac transportze vsaubrobT, turizmTan

mimarTebaSi, ar unda SemovifargloT mxolod aviaciiT. turizmis industriaSi

mniSvnelovani satransporto saSualebaa aseve avtomobili, romelic farTod

gamoiyeneba, rogorc adgilobrivi, aseve saerTaSoriso gadaadgilebisaTvis.

miuxedavad imisa, rom turizmis industrias gaaCnia garkveuli negatiuri

faqtorebi, aseve mniSvnelovania pozitiuri faqtorebis xazgasma da maTi

dabalanseba. mTavari amosavali wertili aris is, rom turizmi aZlevs bunebas

ekonomikur Rirebulebas. Sedegi turizmSi gamoixateba TanamSromlobiT,

bunebis gonivruli gamoyenebiT, agrokulturebis ganviTarebiT, xe-tyis

mrewvelobiT da a.S. gonivruli midgomiT, aseve SesaZlebelia turizmis

sxvadasxva saxeobebis ganviTareba, rogoricaa ekoturizmi, agroturizmi da

sxva [40, gv. 339].

socio-kulturuli zegavlena - kultura turizmis erT-erTi komponentia,

ara mxolod imitom, rom is gavlenas axdens turistebisa da adgilobrivi

macxovreblebis urTierTobaze, aramed imitomac, rom zogadad kultura

SeiZleba iyos erT-erTi mniSvnelovani atraqcia turistebisaTvis. turizmTan

86

mimarTebiT SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva kulturuli atraqcia, rogorebicaa: ena,

muzeumebi, xelovneba, tradiciebi, samzareulo, arqiteqtura, religia, samosi

da a.S.

• turizmis dadebiTi zegavlena sazogadoebaze moicavs:

• samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas;

• naklebad ganviTarebuli regionebis modernizacias da ganviTarebas;

• adgilobrivi xelovnebisa da tradiciuli kulturuli aqtivobebis

aRirZinebas;

• adgilobrivi tradiciuli arqiteqturis gaaxlebas;

• kulturuli da esTetiuri Rirebulebebis mqone gamorCeuli adgilebis

dacvis aucileblobas [40, gv. 340].

ganviTarebad qveynebSi turizmi TamaSobs udides rols socialuri

mobilobis TvalsazrisiT. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos samuSao adgilebis

tradiciuli agraruli sferodan momsaxurebis industriaSi gadanacvleba, rac

qmnis meti samuSao adgilebisa da ufro maRali xelfasebis perspeqtivas.

turizms garkveulwilad aqvs uaryofiTi zegavlena rogorc kulturuli,

aseve sazogadoebrivi TvalsazrisiT. turizms SeuZlia gamoiwvios turistuli

daniSnulebis adgilebis gadatvirTva. am gadatvirTvam SeiZleba diskomforti

Seuqmnas, rogorc turistebs, aseve adgilobriv rezidentebs. amasTan,

garkveuli regionebi SesaZlebelia gaxdnen zedmetad turizmze damokidebuli.

adgilobriv macxovreblebs SeiZleba gauWirdeT Tanacxovreba turistebTan,

romlebsac Zalzed gansxvavebuli Rirebulebebi da cxovrebis wesi gaaCniaT.

problema kidev ufro mwvavea im regionebisTvis, sadac turizmi aris sezonuri,

amitom adgilobrivma rezidentebma unda moaxdinon sakuTari cxovrebis wesis

cvlileba wlis sxvadasxva periodSi. am SemTxvevaSi problemas warmoadgens

aseve Semosavlebis miReba ara sezonur periodSi. zogierT qveyanaSi, sadac

mkacri religiuri CarCoebia, turizmis Sedegad socialuri Rirebulebebis

Secvla SesaZloa mkveTrad miuRebeli aRmoCndes.

turizmis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi socio–kulturuli gavlena aris

e.w. “demonstrirebis efeqti”. aseTi SemTxvevebi xSirad ZiriTadad ganviTarebad

qveynebSi warmoiSoba. demonstrirebis efeqti gulisxmobs, rom adgilobrivi

87

rezidentebi, romlebic ubralod akvirdebian turistebis qcevas, SeaqvT

koreqtivebi sakuTar qcevaSi, rac aisaxeba mTlianad mosaxleobis qcevis

wesebze. am yvelafers SesaZlebelia hqondes garkveuli dadebiTi aspeqti –

vizitorebis Tanamedrove pirad nivTebze dakvirvebiT adgilobrivi

macxovreblebi amCneven turistebis cxovrebis ukeTes dones da uCndebaT

sakuTari cxovrebis donis gaumjobesebis survilic, ramac SeiZleba maT

ukeTesad muSaobis stimuli misces. magram, meore mxriv, Tu kargad

gavaanalizebT situacias, maTze SesaZlebelia uaryofiTi fsiqologiuri

zegavlena moaxdinos iman, rom ar SeuZliaT igive nivTebis SeZena, rac

turistebs aqvT. amasTan, is cxovrebis stili, romelsac sTavazoben

vizitorebi, SeiZleba maTTvis iyos absoluturad ucxo. demonstrirebis

efeqtma aseve SesaZloa waaxalisos sazogadoebis axalgazrda wevrebi da

moxdes maTi migracia sasoflo seqtoridan urbanulSi. demonstrirebis efeqti

SesaZloa Seiqmnas vizitorebsa da adgilobriv rezidentebs Soris

moklevadiani periodis urTierTobisas [40, gv.341].

turizmis multiplikatori - turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebis, maTi

gavlenis Sefasebas ekonomikis sxva seqtorebze, Wirdeba Sesabamisi

meTodologia. standartuli meTodologiis saSualebiT SeuZlebelia zusti

zegavlenis Sefaseba, rogorc mTlianad qveynis aseve, regionis masStabiT.

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, turizmi gavlenas axdens ekonomikis sxvadaxva

seqtorebze da aqtivobebze, rogoricaa: ganTavsebis saSualebebi, transporti,

komukinacia, mSenebloba, soflis meurneoba, kvebis servisebi, sabanko da

sadazRvevo saqmianoba, Sesabamisad is asrulebs katalizatoris funqcias da

warmoadgens aRniSnuli seqtorebisaTvis stimulis mimcems.

arsebuli tradiciuli statistikiT ar xdeba turizmis mier sxva

seqtorebSi Seqmnili Semosavlebis Sefaseba. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba

iTqvas, rom ar xdeba turizmis kontribuciis zustad Sefaseba qveynis mTlian

Siga produqtSi. tradiciuli sistemiT xdeba pirveladi brunvis Sedegad

miRebuli Sedegebis Sefaseba. turizmis ekonomikuri efeqtianobis

gansazRvrisas, mniSvnelovania daiTvalos turizmis seqtoridan miRebuli

88

mTliani Semosavali, romelic gvaZlevs saSualebas SevafasoT damatebiTi

ekonomikuri aqtivobebi, Semosavlebi da a.S. [40, gv.390].

turizmidan miRebuli mTliani Semosavali warmoadgens sakvnaZo

indikators, romelic aucilebelia garkveuli daskvnebis gasakeTeblad

turizmis ekonomikur gavlenasTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli kategoria gvaZlevs

kompleqsur warmodgenas turistul biznesTan, infrastruqturasTan,

SemosavlebTan dakavSirebiT. turizmis ekonomikur efeqtianobasaTan

mimarTebiT eqspertebi da analitikosebi aRweren Semdeg ZiriTad faqtorebs

[52]:

• turistuli firmebis rentabeloba, mogeba;

• regionul, erovnul biujetSi sagadasaxado Semosavlebi;

• regionSi infrastruqturuli proeqtebis ganxorcieleba;

• turizmis gavlena dasaqmebaze;

mTlian SemosavalSi igulisxmeba misi rogorc pirdapiri, aseve

arapirdapiri gavlenebi, romelsac iRebs qveyana regionis turistuli

aqtivobebis Sedegad fulad gamoxatulebaSi.

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, ekonomikuri gavlenis Sefasebisas

mniSvnelovani indikatori aris mTliani Semosavali, aRniSnuli indikatoris

gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi unda viqonioT, rogorc pirdapiri aseve

arapirdapiri gavlenebi. pirdapiri gavlenis SemTxvevaSi, mxedvelobaSi miiReba

saangariSo periodSi turistuli firmebis mier miRebuli Semosavlebi, aseve

sagadasaxado Semosavlebi, rogorc regionul, aseve adgilobriv doneze.

arapirdapiri gavlenis Sefaseba moiTxovs Sesabamis meTodologiur midgomas.

turizmis gavlenis Sefasebis qvemoT mocemuli meTodikis gamoyeneba

SesaZlebelia, rogorc erovnul aseve regionul doneze. igi adaptirebulia

saerTaSoriso standartebTan. aRniSnuli meTodika axasiaTebs turizmis

seqtors regionul da erovnul WrilSi. meTodikaSi gamoyenebulia Semdegi

makroekonomikuri indikatorebi: mTliani gamoSveba, mTliani Siga produqti,

regionuli, mTliani sazogadoebrivi produqti.

mTliani gamoSveba - gviCvenebs drois garkveul periodSi gamoSvebul

saqonlisa da momsaxurebis moculobas fulad gamoxatulebaSi. igi moicavs

89

Sualedur daumTavrebel produqcias, naxevarfabrikatebis, produqtebis,

warmoebis sawyis etapze myofi produqtebis CaTvliT. (ix. diagrama 2.10)

mTliani sazogadoebrivi produqti - gamoiTvleba konkretuli qveynis an

federaciis masStabiT. warmoadgens erTi kalendaruli wlis ganmavlobaSi

saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Rirebulebas mimdinare fasebiT (dausrulebeli

produqtebis CaTvliT) qveynis masStabiT. mTliani Siga produqti

ganisazRvreba, rogorc qveynis ekonomikur teritoriaze drois Sesabamis

monakveTSi ekonomikis rezidenti erTeulebis mier (ekonomikuri saqmianobis

sxvadasxva saxeebSi) Seqmnili mTliani damatebuli Rirebulebebis jams

damatebuli gadasaxadebi produqciaze da importze (dRg, aqcizi da sabaJo

gadasaxadi) minus subsidiebi produqtebze.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

1426.61665.1 1725.2 1724.1

2075.1

2440.62623.7 2635.7

3069.4

დიაგრამა 2. 10. ტურიზმის სფეროებში პროდუქციის მთლიანი გამოშვება (მლნ ლარი)

turizmis zemoqmedeba erovnul /regionul ekonomikaze SesaZlebelia

gamoiTvalos Semdegi formuliT: (1)

M=Mt + (1)

სადაც:

M - turizmidan miRebuli pirdapiri da arapirdapiri ekonomikuri efeqti;

MT – pirvel wreze turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebi (pirdapiri

ekonomikuri efeqti).

90

Mi – turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebi, romlebic miiReba I wreze

moZraobis Sedegad (arapirdapiri ekonomikuri efeqti).

i - wre, etapi Tanxebis moZraobis turizmis Sedegad.

rodesac viTvliT turizmidan miRebul Semosavlebs mTlian Sida

produqtSi, unda gaviTvaliswinoT turistuli firmebis da uSualod

turistebis mier gaweuli damatebiTi danaxarjebi, rac cxadia, arsebiT

gavlenas axdens ekonomikis sxva seqtorebze. aRniSnuli xarjebi SesaZloa

dakavSirebuli iyos sxvadasxva saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SeZenasTan,

infrastruqturasTan da a.S. [70] aqedan gamomdinare pirvel etapze unda

daiTvalos turistuli SekveTebis Sedegad miRebuli wili mTlian Sida

produqtSi (M1). aRniSnulSi igulisxmeba turistuli firmebis Semosavlebis

mxolod nawili, TviTRirebulebis gamoklebiT (2). garda amisa, Semosavlebis

mxolod nawili rCeba qveynis (regionis) ekonomikaSi, amitom (2) formulaSi

unda SemoviRoT koeficienti (Qt), romelic aRniSnavs turizmis mier gaweuli

xarjebis wils, romelic rCeba ekonomikaSi [38].

M1=(VT-ZTи) (2)

M1=QT(VT-ZTи) (3)

sadac:

M1 - turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebis nawili, romelmac gavlenas

axdens mTlian Sida produqtze, (romelic gamowveul iqna turizmidan

ganxorcielebuli SekveTebis Sedegad).

Vt - turistuli momsaxurebis moculoba fulad gamoxatulebaSi;

Z – xarjebis moculoba romelic gaweul iqna saqonlisa da momsaxurebis

SesaZenad, turistebis momsaxurebisaTvis (turproduqtis

TviTRirebuleba);

QT - xarjebis wili romelic rCeba erovnul ekonomikaSi;

formulis am etapze SesaZlebelia gansazRvra xarjebis im nawilis,

romelic Sedis mTlian Sida produqtSi. amisaTvis gamoiyeneba Semdegi

Tanafardoba (4):

91

Y *QT x ( VT - ZTи) , (4)

X

sadac:

Y - mTliani Siga produqti;

X - mTliani sazogadoebrivi produqti;

aqedan SegviZlia gamovTvaloT mTliani Siga produqtis moculoba,

romelic gamoiwvia turistulma SekveTebma gaweuli danaxarjebis Sedegad, (5):

M1= (5)

meore da momdevno wreze moZravi fuladi nakadebis garkveuli nawili

aseve aisaxeba mTlian Siga produqtze. aRniSnuli nakadebi aseve iwvevs

regionSi, qveyanaSi ekonomikuri aqtivobebis zrdas [34].

aseTive gziT SeiZleba ganisazRvros wili mTlian Siga produqtSi,

romelic gamowveul iqna erovnuli sawarmoebis da firmebis mier gaweuli

xarjebis Sedegad i - etapze. wili SesaZloa gamovsaxoT, rogorc (Mi+1). mTliani

Siga produqtis da mTliani sazogadoebrivi produqtis saSualebiT aseve

SesaZloa ganisazRvros xarjebis moculobac, romelic rCeba ekonomikaSi i -

etapze, es SeiZleba Semdegi saxiT gamovsaxoT [38]:

(6)

qveynis ekonomikaSi rCeba turizmidan miRebuli saSualebebis garkveuli

nawili, I etapze, analogiurad unda SemoviRoT koeficienti Qi, romelic

gviCvenebs xarjebis imnawils romelic rCeba ekonomikaSi (7). SegviZlia am

etapze gamovTvaloT xarjebis is nawili, romelic rCeba ekonomikaSi da

romelic aisaxeba mTlian Sida produqtSi (8):

(7)

(8)

zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, miviRebT Semdeg gamosaxulebas:

= RMi,(9)

92

sadac:

R - koeficienti gviCvenebs, ekonomikaSi fuladi saSualebebis ganvlil

etapebs;

aqedan gamomdinare, moculoba mTlian Siga produqtSi, romelic

gamowveul iqna adgilobrivi firmebis mier ganxorcielebuli xarjebis

Sedegad i- etapze (Mi+1), SegviZlia gamovsaxoT Semdegi saxiT (10):

Mi=1= R*Mi Mi=1= M1 * Ri(10)

geometriuli progresiis Sedegad, (10) formulis (1) SerwymiT viRebT

Semdegs (11):

M=MT+M1+ =MT+M1+ (11)

(5) formulasTan SerwymiT SegviZlia davTvaloT turizmidan miRebuli

erToblivi Semosavali (12), aRniSnuli urTierTmimarTeba aisaxeba qveynis

mTlian multiplikatorSi:

M=MT+M1* ( )=MT+ * (12)

sadac:

M - erToblivi Semosavali (pirdapiri da arapirdapiri efeqti,

multiplikatoris CaTvliT);

MT - pirvel wreze moZravi fuladi saSualebebi ekonomikaSi (turizmis

pirdapiri efeqti);

M1 - Semosavlebis nawili, turizmis SekveTebiT gamowveuli;

VT - turistuli momsaxurebis moculoba (Semosavlebi) fulad

gamoxatulebaSi;

ZTи - danaxarjebi romelic gaweul iqna saqonlisa da momsaxurebisaTvis,

turistebis moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad.

Y- mTliani Sida(regionuli) produqti;

X - mTliani sazogadoebrivi produqti;

R - koeficienti gviCvenebs, ekonomikaSi fuladi saSualebebis ganvlil

etapebs;

Qt - danaxarjebis nawili romelic rCeba ekonomikaSi;

93

2.2. saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis mamoZravebeli Zalebis gamovlena da

maTze zemoqmedeba

turizmis ganviTarebis faqtorebis Seswavlis mizans warmoadgens

seqtorSi cvlilebebis mamoZravebeli Zalebis gamovlena da maTze

zemoqmedebiT industriis ganviTarebis stimulireba. seqtorebis ganviTarebaze

moqmedi faqtorebis gamosavlenad adaptirebulia cnobili meTodi PESTEL

analizi, romelic gulisxmobs faqtorTa dajgufebas politikuri (Political),

ekonomikuri (Economic), socialuri (Social), teqnologiuri (Technological), bunebrivi

(Envorenmental) da samarTlebrivi (Legal) garemos ganmsazRvrelebis mixedviT.

TiToeuli es faqtori Tavis mxriv moicavs faqtorTa jgufs, amasTan Tavad

ganicdis aRniSnuli seqtoridan ukugavlenebsac [40, gv.199].

politikuri (Political) faqtorebi – masSi ZiriTadad moiazreba seqtoris

garemos maregulirebelo organizaciebis, momxmarebelTa da sazogadoebrivi

interesebis dacvis jgufebis moTxovnebi. politikur faqtorebs ZiriTadad

gansazRvravs mTavrobebi, samTavrobo institutebi da saagentoebi.

saqarTveloSi turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebis politikis gatarebis

uflebamosili instituciebia: turizmis erovnuli administracia, saqarTvelos

parlamenti, premieris aparati, prezidentis aparati. samTavrobo politikas

SeuZlia gavlena moaxdinos industriis SesaZleblobebze. Sesabamisad,

mniSvnelovania mTavrobis mier gatarebuli Tu gasatarebeli RonisZiebebis

sworad gaazreba, radgan is gavlenas axdens seqtoris ganviTarebis

mimarTulebebze da tempebze. agreTve, arsebobs bevri saerTaSoriso da

erovnuli organizacia, romelic mTavrobis interesebis gamtareblebi arian.

zogierTi saerTaSoriso organizacia ki turizmis industriis interesebis

gamtarebelia da cdilobs gavlena moaxdinos mTavrobaTa gadawyvetilebebze.

aseTia, magaliTad sahaero transportis saerTaSoriso asociacia (IATA),

romelic saaviacio industriis warmomadgenelia, evropis tur-operatorTa

asociacia (ETOA), britanuli kurortebis asociacia da sxvebi. amasTan

turizmis ganviTarebis politikaze gavlenas axdens saqarTvelos mTavrobis

mier saerTaSoriso organizaciebis winaSe nakisri valdebulebebi. maT Soris

94

aRsaniSnavia „evrokavSiri – saqarTvelos asocirebis xelSekruleba“, romlis

parafireba moxda 2013 wels. am xelSekrulebiT saqarTvelo da evrokavSiri

Tanxmdeba TanamSromlobaze turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis, Semdegi principebiT20:

• adgilobrivi mosaxleobis interesebis, moTxovnebis, turizmis

ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT prioritetebis gaTvaliswinebaze,

gansakuTreb¬iT raionebSi;

• kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva, pozitiuri interaqcia turizmis

ganviTarebisa da garemos SenarCunebis kuTxiT;

TanamSromloba moxdeba aseve Semdeg ZiriTad sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT:

• informaciis gacvla, gamocdilebis gaziareba;

• partniorobis mxardaWera, sazogadoebrivi da kerZo interesebidan

gamomdinare, turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT;

• turistuli produqtebis, bazrebis, infrastruqturis, adamianuri

resursebis, instituciebis, ganviTareba;

• turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis efeqtiani politikis SemuSaveba;

• Sesabamisi treningebis SemuSaveba momsaxurebis standartebis

gaumjobebsebisaTvis.

es xelSekruleba momavalSi turizmis industriis ganviTarebis

veqtorebis mniSvnelovani ganmsazRvreli gaxdeba.

ekonomikuri (Economic) faqtorebi – mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs seqtoris

ganviTarebas. aq aRsaniSnavia: ekonomikis mdgomareoba, seqtorSi mogebis norma

da dividendebis done, valutis gacvliTi kursi, fasebi da inflacia,

sagadasaxado sistema, globalizaciis done, sakuTrebis saxeebi industriaSi

da misi struqtura, horizontaluri da vertikaluri integracia.

ekonomikas moaqvs Semosavlebi adamianebisaTvis, rac maT mogzaurobis

saSualebas aZlevs. gacvliTma kursma SesaZloa rogorc waaxalisos, aseve

Seasustos mogzauroba. magaliTad, dolaris kursis Semcireba larTan

mimarTebaSi astimulirebs saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa mogzaurobas sazRvargareT

20 http://eeas.europa.eu/georgia/assoagreement/assoagreement-2013_en.htm

http://eeas.europa.eu/georgia/assoagreement/assoagreement-2013_en.htm

95

da piriqiT, laris devalvacia iwvevs turizmis produqtis eqsportis

stimulirebas. aseve, ekonomikuri zrda astimulirebs turistuli nakadebis

Semodinebas, agreTve adgilobrivi moqalaqeebis mogzaurobas qveynis SigniT,

anu Sida turizmis ganviTarebas. magaliTad, ekonomikurma zrdam axlo

aRmosavleTisa da aziis regionSi biZgi misca regionidan ufro meti adamianis

CarTvas turizmSi. ganviTarebul qveynebSi Sida turizmis wili aWarbebs gare

turizms, Tumca saqarTveloSi piriqiTaa. 2012 wels ucxoeli vizitorebis mier

gaweuli xarjebi Seadgenda mTliani xarjebis 58,3%–s [40, gv.211-212].

socialuri (Social) faqtorebi – moicavs cvlilebebs demografiaSi

(mosaxleobis asakobrivi, sqesobrivi struqtura, migracia, ganaTlebis done);

mosaxleobis keTildReobis dones (jandacva, Semosavlebi, Tavisufali drois

arseboba), socialuri kavSirebs da socialuri mzrunvelobis formebs,

simdidris gadanawilebis gzebis formebs, cxovrebis stilis specifikas,

simdidris dones da keTildReobas, codnas da kulturuli ganviTarebis

dones, rac SesaZloa iyos sxva adgilebis monaxulebis motivatori. samuSao

adgilebis Semcireba adgilze da msoflioSi mkveTrad amcirebs turizmze

moTxovnas. mag. evropaSi mosaxleobis daberebidan gamomdinare, msxvili

turistuli kompaniebi cdiloben ganaviTaron turistuli adgilebi

xandazmulTaTvis. adamianebis cnobismoyvareoba da survili gaigon meti axali

adgilebis Sesaxeb xels uwyobs kulturuli turizmis ganviTarebas da misi

arealis gafarToebas, magaliTad axlo aRmosavleTSi, indoeTSi da aseve, Sors

manZilze gadaadgilebas, magaliTd, antarqtidaze, himalais mTebSi an

tropikul tyeebSi.

teqnologiuri (Technological) faqtorebi – moicavs turistuli produqtis

Seqmnis teqnologiebs, m.S. virtualur realobas; komunikaciis teqnologiebs,

m.S. internets; operaciul teqnologiebs, m.S. globaluri distribuciis

sistemebs; avtomatizaciis dones da a.S. faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen

turizmis ganviTarebaze, didi siswrafiT icvleba da viTardeba. istoriulad,

rogorc matareblebma, aseve aviaciam revolucia moaxdina mogzaurobis

industriaSi. ufro axlo warsulSi ki, internetma axali SesaZleblobi

warmoSva Tundac eleqtronuli dajavSnis kuTxiT.

96

bunebrivi (Envorenmental) faqtorebi – moicavs or ZiriTad mimarTulebas:

pirveli es aris bunebrivi garemos analizi, romelic turizmis industrias

aZlevs ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas da meore, fizikuri garemos dacva,

romelic zrunvis sagani gaxda saerTaSoriso masStabiT. faqtia, turizmma

mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli garemos dazianebas. iseTma Soreulma adgilebmac

ki, rogorebicaa avstralia da himalais mTebi, ganicades bunebrivi garemos

gauaraseba turistuli aqtivobebis Sedegad. ekoturizmsac ki moaqvs garkveuli

ziani. imarTeba sxvadasxva kampaniebi, romlebic emsaxureba cnobierebis

amaRlebas garemos dacvis saWiroebis kuTxiT. garemosdacviTi organizaciebi

cdiloben aiZulon tur-operatorebi, turistuli daniSnulebis adgilebi,

sastumroebi da aviakompaniebi, raTa gaataron garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi.

Sesabamisad, swori politikis gatarebis SemTxvevaSi, turizmis industria

SesaZlebelia garemos SenarCunebis mniSvnelovani berketi gaxdes [72].

samarTlebrivi (Legal) faqtorebi – uSualod, pirdapir gansazRvravs seqtoris

ganviTarebas. mis daxvewas aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba industriis

ganviTarebaSi. turizmisa marTvis saxelmwifo regulirebis arsi imaSia, rom

saxelmwifo aRiarebs turizms, rogorc dargs, romelic qveynis ekonomikis

ganviTarebis erT-erT prioritetul mimarTulebad Camoyalibda da xels

uwyobs mis ganviTarebas, iRebs valdebulebas Seqmnas sasurveli garemo dargis

funqcionirebisaTvis. saxelmwifo ra Tqma unda bazarTan erTad, gansazRvravs

dargSi prioritetul mimarTulebebs, saerTaSoriso doneze reklamas uwevs

qveynis turistul potencials da qmnis turistuli saqmianobisaTvis sasurvel

imijs. evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi turizmi regulirdeba erovnuli da

evrokavSiris erToblivi kanonmdeblobiT [40, gv.211-212].

saqarTveloSi sakanonmdeblo baza da normatiuli debulebebi, turizmis

dargis ganviTarebaze pirdapiri gavlenis faqtorebia, riTac regulirdeba

seqtoris ganviTarebis tendenciebi, gansazRvreba seqtoris ganviTarebaze

pasuxismgebeli saxelmwifo struqturebi. unda aRiniSnos, rom sakanonmdblo

regulaciebi moZvelebulia da igi moiTxovs rogorc bazris Tanamedrove

moTxovnebTan, asve evropul standartebTan harmonizebas [73]. Cveni azriT am

97

kuTxiT aucilebelia ucxouri gamocdilebis Seswavla. Sakanonmdeblo

dokumentebidan gansakuTrebiT gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia:

• „saqarTvelos kanoni turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb“;

• „saqarTvelos kanoni kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis sanitariuli

dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb“;

• „saqarTvelos kanoni sivrciTi mowyobilobisa da qalaqTmSeneblobis

safuZvlebis Sesaxeb“;

• „saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi“;

• „saqarTvelos kanoni daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb“. da a.S.

saqarTveloSi turizmis dargis ganviTarebis pasuxismgebeli institucia,

ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros struqturuli erTeuli –

turizmis erovnuli administraciaa. turizmis erovnuli administracia

uSualodaa pasuxismgebeli turizmis seqtoris funqcionirebaze, saTanado

politikis gatarebaze saqarTveloSi.

„saqarTvelos kanoni turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb“ aregulirebs

turizmisa da sakurorto saqmianobis sferoSi arsebul urTierTobebs. kanoni

„turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb“ Sedgeba saqarTvelos konstituciis,

aRniSnuli kanonis da maT Sesabamisad miRebuli sxva normatiuli aqtebisagan.

kanoniT saxelmwifos mier aRiarebulia turizmisa da kurortebis dargi

erovnuli kulturisa da ekonomikis ganviTarebis erT-erT prioritetul

mimarTulebad da qmnis turistuli da sakurorto saqmianobisaTvis xelsayrel

pirobebs.

seqtoris mniSvnelovan maregulirebel organos warmoadgens

saqarTvelos parlamenti, romelic gansazRvravs saxelmwifo politikis

ZiriTad mimarTulebebs turizmisa da kurortebis dargSi da axorcielebs mis

sakanonmdeblo regulirebas; amyarebs saparlamentTaSoriso urTierTobas sxva

saxelmwifoebTan turizmisa da kurortebis dargSi.

saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT saqarTvelos prezidenti:

• uzrunvelyofs erTiani politikis ganxorcielebas turizmisa da

kurortebis dargSi;

98

• dargis marTvis uflebamosili organosa da Sesabamisi samsaxurebis

wardginebiT amtkicebs sanitaruli dacvis zonebs;

• iTvaliswinebs turizmisa da kurortebis ganviTarebis interesebs

qveynisaTvis umniSvnelovanesi proeqtebis ganxorcielebisas, agreTve

saxelmwifoTaSoriso da saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan urTierTobaSi;

• dargis marTvis uflebamosili organos wardginebiT amtkicebs

kurortebis nusxas da statuss [22].

99

2.3. turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali saqarTveloSi da misi

gansazRvra

saqarTvelo gamoirCeva maRali turistuli da rekereaciuli

potencialiT. qveynisadmi interesi ukanaskneli aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi

gansakuTrebulad gaizarda, rasac adasturebs saerTaSoriso vizitorTa zrdis

dinamika qveyanaSi, es ki turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebis erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani indikatoria. samomavlod aRniSnuli tendenciis

SesanarCuneblad, seqtoris Tvisebrivi gajansaRebisTvis aucilebelia

saxelmwifos mxridan Sesabamisi politikis SemuSaveba, rac unda gamoixatos

investiciebis mozidvisaTvis xelsayreli garemos SeqmnaSi, infrastruqturuli

proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi, Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis momzadebaSi, rac

stimuls miscems qveyanaSi ekonomikuri aqtivobebis zrdas [12].

turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia politikis SemuSaveba, rogorc

saerTaSoriso Camosvlebis, aseve Sida turizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis

TvalsazrisiT [79]. Tanamedrove tendenciebis gaTvaliswinebiT saqarTvelos,

rogorc qveyanas gaaCnia garkveuli Zlieri mxareebi, rogoricaa:

• geografiuli mdebareoba;

• mdidari kulturuli memkvidreoba;

• bunebrivi landSaftebi da ekosistema;

• mineraluri, samkurnalo wylebi da a.S.

• folkloruli da erovnuli tradiciebi;

turizmis industriis ganviTarebaSi gansakuTrebuli rolis Sesruleba

SeuZlia rogorc materialuri, ise aramaterialuri faseulobebis siuxves,

riTac saqarTvelo marTlac mdidaria. saqarTveloSi arsebobs msoflio

mniSvnelobis sanaxaobebi. maT dacvaze saerTaSoriso organizaciebi zrunaven.

msoflioSi cnobili da unikaluri Zeglebis dacvasa da reabilitacias

emsaxureba gaerTianebuli erebis ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis

organizacia - iunesko (UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization) [97].

100

saqarTvelos kulturuli turizmi ZiriTadad dakavSirebulia

kulturul ZeglebTan, TiTqmis yvela kulturuli turi ukavSirdeba

istoriul Zegls, radganac saqarTveloSi yvela mimarTulebiT uamravi

kulturuli Zeglia. qveyanaSi aRricxulia 12 aTasi Zegli, maTgan saxelmwifo

icavs 5 aTas Zegls [19].

turizmis potencialis gansazRvrisaTvis adaptirebulia faqtoruli

analizis meTodebi. maTi gaTvaliswinebiT, turistuli mimzidvelobis

ganmapirobebeli faqtorebi, romelTa mixedviTac saqarTvelos gaaCnia

garkveuli Zlieri mxareebi, SesaZloa CamovayaliboT Semdegi saxiT: (ix.

cxrili 2.1) [13].

ფაქორები, რომლებიც განაპირობებენ

ტურისტულ მიმზიდველობას

საქართველო

ბუნებრივ-რეკრეაციული

ხელსაყრელი ეკოლოგიური ფაქტორები:

➢ საინტერესო ბუნებრივი ლანდშაფტები;

➢ ბალნეოლოგიური და სამკურნალო

კურორტები;

➢ მდიდარი ფლორა და ფაუნა;

ისტორიულ-კულტურული

დაცული ტერიტორიები:

➢ ისტორიულ კულტურული ძეგლები;

➢ არქიტექტურული და არქეოლოგიური

ძეგლები;

➢ სახალხო დღესასწაულები;

➢ მუსიკალური ფოლკლორული

ფესტივალები;

➢ მუზეუმები, საგამოფენო სივრცე;

➢ ავთენტური ადგილობრივი ტრადიციები;

➢ უძველესი ეკლესიები, მონასტრები;

➢ რელიგიურ-კულტურული ღონისძიებები;

➢ დარგის განვითარებისათვის სამთავრობო

პოლიტიკის ჩამოყალიბება;

➢ თანამედროვე ტურისტული

ინფრასტრუქტურის ჩამოყალიბების

აუცილებლობა;

➢ ტურიზმის განვითარებისათვის მცირე

მეწარმეების დაინტერესების

101

ეკონომიკური ფაქტორები


➢ მიმზიდველი საინვესტიციო გარემოს

შექმნა;

➢ განთავსების საშუალებების (სხვადასხვა

ტიპის) აუცილებლობა,

➢ ტურისტების მომსახურებისათვის

შესაბამისი კვალიფიკაციის პერსონალის

მომზადება.

➢ სატრანსპორტო ინფრასტრუქტურის

სრულყოფა.

➢ ტურიზმის სფეროში ერთიანი

საინფორმაციო ბაზის ჩამოყალიბება

სოციალურ-ფსიქოლოგიური ფაქტორები

➢ სტაბილური პოლიტიკური და

ეკონომიკური ფაქტორების


➢ ტურისტული პროდუქტების

დიფერენცირება (ასაკი, სქესის,

სოციალური მდგომარეობის

გათვალისწინებით).

➢ ადგილობრივი რეზიდენტების

კეთილგანწყობა ტურისტების მიმართ;

➢ გარკვეული გარანტიები უსაფრთხოების,

კომფორტული პირობების შექმნისათვის.

saqarTvelos potenciali gamoixateba im bunebriv simZlavreebSi,

romelic gaaCnia qveyanas. maT Soris gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania istoriul–

kulturuli Zeglebi, daculi teritoriebi, bunebrivi resursebi.

● istoriul–kulturuli Zeglebi - turizmis ganviTarebis kuTxiT

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs istoriul - kulturul memkvidreobas,

dasaxlebaTa tradiciul arqiteqturas da regionis gansaxlebis sistemas.

saqarTvelos nebismieri kuTxe aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT mdidaria da aZlevs

mas imis SesaZleblobas, rom kulturuli turizmi gaxdes erT-erTi mowinave

mimarTuleba. qveyanaSi arsebuli 12000 istoriis, xuroTmoZRvrebis da

arqiteqturis Zeglidan 4 Setanili iuneskos msoflio mniSvnelobis ZeglTa

nusxaSi da sxva uamravi istoriul-kulturuli RirsSesaniSnaoba, yovelive

amis sawindaria. aRsaniSnavia muzeumebis da Teatrebis raodenoba, kerZod 188

102

muzeumi, maT Soris - istoriuli (mxareTmcodneobis) 61; memorialuri 78;

xelovnebis da literaturis 20; muzeum-nakrZali 11 da 44 Teatri. kulturuli

turizmis roli umniSvnelovanesia msoflio memkvidreobis dacva-SenaxvisaTvis.

igi moicavs turizmis yvela im mimarTulebas, romlebic dakavSirebulia eris

istoriis, kulturis, eTnografiis, materialuri da sulieri memkvidreobis

popularizaciasTan. kulturul memkvidreobaSi Sedis ara marto Zeglebi,

aramed festivalebi, muzeumebi, xelovnebis SemoqmedebiTi dargebi, kulturuli

movlenebi, kustaruli mrewvelobis nakeTobebi, kulinaria. kulturuli

turizmi xels uwyobs TviTSegnebis amaRlebas adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi21.

saqarTveloSi kulturuli turizmis ganviTareba unda daigegmos

istoriuli Zeglebis istoriul-xuroTmoZRvruli Rirsebebisa da maT garSemo

arsebuli infrastruqturis gaTvaliswinebiT.

saqarTvelo kulturuli mravalferovnebis TvalsazrisiT Zalze

saintereso qveyanaa da samwuxaroa, rom dRes uamravi umniSvnelovanesi obieqti

rCeba yuradRebis gareSe, mravali maTgani pasuxobs im specifikur

kriteriumebs, romelTa mixedviTac msoflio memkvidreobis

samTavroboTaSoriso komiteti cnobs, rom Zegls gaaCnia gansakuTrebuli,

zogadsakacobrio Rirebuleba. saerTod, saqarTvelos kulturuli

memkvidreobis mniSvnelobas, upirveles yovlisa, saWiroa TviTon eri

ufrTxildebodes, icavdes da zrunavdes mis gadarCenaze.

● daculi teritoriebi - saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis daarsebas

didi xnis istoria aqvs. pirveli daculi teritoria – lagodexis saxelmwifo

nakrZali Seiqmna jer kidev 1912 wels. amJamad saqarTvelos daculi

teritoriebis saerTo farTobia 520 273 ha, rac qveynis teritoriis daaxloebiT

7,46 %-ia. daculi teritoriebis daaxloebiT 75% tyiT aris dafaruli. daculi

teritoriebis upirvelesi daniSnuleba unikaluri biomravalferovnebis,

damaxasiaTebeli ekosistemebis dacva-SenarCunebaa.

saqarTveloSi arsebobs IUCN-is kriteriumebis mixedviT 68 sxvadasxva

kategoriis daculi teritoria, maT Soris:

14 saxelmwifo nakrZali;

21 http://www.culture.gov.ge

103

10 erovnuli parki;

18 aRkveTili;

24 bunebis Zegli;

2 daculi landSafti;

sainteresoa vizitorTa statistika dacul terioriebze da vizitorTa

statistika daculi teritoriebis mixedviT (ix diagrama 2.11. da 2.12.).

diagrama 2.11. vizitorTa

dinamika22

22 www.moe.gov.ge

104

diagrama 2.12. vizitorTa statistika daculi teritoriebis

mixedviT23

turistul parkebSi mravalferovani interesia Cadebuli: sporti, veluri

buneba, adgilobrivi wes-Cveulebani da kultura, rac mTavaria wyali, mTebi,

mdinareebi, tyeebi da a.S. yvelaferi es warmoadgens rekreaciul Rirebulebas,

gansakuTrebiT Sida turizmisaTvis. bolo dros ganviTarebul qveynebSi sul

ufro meti adamiani iCens interess specialuri turebisadmi, romlebic

orientirebulia bunebriv, “egzotikur” da kulturul Rirebulebebze. aqedan

gamomdinare, swored maTi gadanawileba xdeba aqamde turizmisaTvis

auTvisebel teritoriaze.

dRes TandaTanobiT naTlad gamoikveTa CvenSi daculi teritoriebis

axali, ufro moqnili, rac mTavaria - regionebis socialur - ekonomikur

ganviTarebasTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli sistemis Camoyalibebis aucilebloba.

saqarTvelos dacul teritoriebze didia turistuli saxeebis danergvis

SesaZleblobebi, maT Soris mniSvnelovania:

• turizmi bunebis gacnobis mizniT;

• saojaxo turizmi;

23 www.moe.gov.ge

105

• agroturizmi;

• axalgazrduli da sabavSvo turizmi;

• zRvispira da mdinarispira turizmi;

• sportuli turizmi;

• saTavgadasavlo;

• saSvebulebo turizmi;

• zoologiuri da botanikuri SemecnebiTi turizmi da fotonadiroba;

• kulturuli da SemecnebiTi turizmi;

• trekingi da laSqrobebi;

• samkurnalo da gamajansaRebeli turizmi.

bunebrivi resursebi. turizmis seqtoris potencials mniSvnelovnad

gansazRvravs bunebrivi resursebi. saqarTvelo gansakuTrebiT mdidaria

mineraluri wylis, tyis, resursebiT. saqarTvelos konstitucia avaldebulebs

mis moqalaqeebs, daicvan, gaufrTxildnen da izrunin bunebaze. qveyanaSi tyis

mdgradi ganviTarebisa da marTvis koncefcia iTvaliswinebs tyis ekologiur,

ekonomikur da socialur ganviTarebas. tyis menejmentis ekologiuri,

ekonomikuri da politikuri aspeqtebi aris qveynis erovnuli ganviTarebis

strategiis nawili. tyis mdgradi ganviTarebis mizania, daakmayofilos

sazogadoebis ZiriTadi moTxovnebi tyis resursebis sferoSi. yovelive zemoT

aRniSnuli ki xels uwyobs qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebas da xdis ufro

mimzidvels. saqarTvelos teritoriis saerTo farTobis (6.95 mln. heqtari)

40%–s Seadgens saxelmwifo tyis fondi (3 007 600 ha). saqarTveloSi aris 103

kurorti; 167 sakurorto adgili; 688 – myinvari; 2000–ze meti – samkurnalo

wyali, Savi zRvis sanapiro sigrZe – 330 km; teritoriuli wylebis (Savi zRvis)

farTobi – 679,0, (8,9%); aTasi heqtari. qveynis miwis farTobia 6949,4 aTasi

heqtari. 2002 wels, „wylis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisad, 17,1 aTasi

heqtari – Waobi; kldeebiT dakavebulia _ 18,4 aTasi heqtari (0,2%). saqarTvelo

mdidaria wylis resursebiT. mis teritoriaze miedineba 26060 mdinare, romelTa

saerTo sigrZe 26 aTas km-s aRwevs. saqarTveloSi 860-mde tbaa, umetesoba

Zalian pataraa, amitomac tbebis saerTo farTobi 170 kv.km-s ar aRemateba

(qveynis teritoriis 0.24%), maTi umetesoba mtkanaria. turizmis ganviTarebis

106

TvalsazrisiT aseve mniSvnelovania arsebuli Waobebi. Waobebs saqarTveloSi

gansakuTrebiT didi farTobi (225 aTasi ha) ukavia kolxeTis dablobze24.

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom:

• regionSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia garkveuli Teoriuli

da praqtikuli aspeqtebis mimoxilva, romelic mniSvnelovani winapirobaa

saqarTvelos globalur bazarTan integrirebis, saerTaSoriso

ekonomikuri urTierTobebis damyarebis TvalsazrisiT;

• SeiniSneba saerTaSoriso Camosvlebis TvalsazrisiT zrdis dinamika, rac

ukanaskneli aTwleulis mniSvnelovani tendenciaa. Tumca aseve

aucilebelia seqtoris srulfasovani ganviTarebisaTvis Sida turizmis

ganviTareba da xelSewoba;

• saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso turizmi asrulebs katalizatoris rols,

saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT da aZlevs stimuls

ekonomikis sxva seqtorebs. saerTaSoriso turizmi, aseve gavlenas axdens,

rogorc qveynis aseve regionebis sagadasaxdelo balansis struqturaze

saqarTvelos sagadasaxdelo balansSi zrdis tendenciiT gamoirCeva

turistuli momsaxureoba.

• mniSvnelovani sargebeli, romelic unda moitanos turizmma aris axali

samuSao adgilebis Seqmna, rac aucilebelia qveyanaSi siRaribis

daZlevis, Semosavlebis zrdis, cxovrebis donis amaRlebis

TvalsazrisiT. dReisaTvis dasaqmebaSi turizmis wvlili Seadgens 14,2%–

s, magram seqtoris potenciali gacilebiT didia;

• turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia SemuSavdes Sesabamisi

politika, sadac gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba turizmis ganviTarebis

rogorc negatiuri aseve pozitiuri faqtorebi;

• turizmis ganviTarebis faqtorebis analizisas ikveTeba aucilebloba

imisa, rom moxdes seqtorSi cvlilebebis mamoZravebeli Zalebis

gamovlena da maTze zemoqmedebiT industriis ganviTarebis stimulireba.

aRniSnuls miekuTvneba, politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri,

teqnologiuri, garemo, samarTlebrivi faqtorebi;

24 www.moe.gov.ge

107

• xelSemwobi sakanonmdeblo regulaciebi warmoadgens turizmis

ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan winapirobas, aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT

saqarTveloSi ikveTeba garkveuli problemebi, magaliTad, saqarTvelos

,,kanoni turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb”, miRebulia 1997 wels,

xasiaTdeba rigi naklovanebebiT da masSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ar

Sesula;

• saqarTveloSi turizmis industriis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT

arsebobs rogorc materialuri, aseve aramaterialuri faseulobebi.

qveyanas gaaCnia mdidari kulturuli memkvidreoba, bunebrivi

landSaftebi da ekosistema; mineraluri, samkurnalo wylebi,

folkloruli da erovnuli tradiciebi da a.S;

• turizmis seqtoris momavali warmatebebi, ganviTareba mniSvnelovnad

damokidebulia momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobesebaze, es ki

SesaZlebelia Sesabamisi kvalifikaciis adamianuri resursebis arsebobis

SemTxvevaSi. sagulisxmoa is faqti, rom am mimarTulebiT daxmarebisaTvis

mzaoba gamoiTqva evrokavSiris mxridan, rac gamoixata evrokavSiri–

saqarTvelos asocirebis xelSekrulebis parafirebiT.

amrigad, ekonomikis globalizaciisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis pirobebSi

aucilebelia saqarTveloSi arsebuli resursebis (materialuri, SromiTi,

finansuri) efeqtiani gamoyenebisaTvis konkretuli variantebisa da

prioritetebis gansazRvra, sworad Camoyalibeba da regionis miwodebis jaWvSi

ise CarTva, rom uzrunvelyos konkurentuli upiratesobis miRweva [88].

108

Tavi III. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis strategia

3.1. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis arsebuli mdgomareoba

turizmis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove realobis Seswavlis mizniT, Sida

qarTlis regionSi CavatareT kvleva, romelic moicavda Semdeg aqtivobebs:

1. saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi turistebis, vizitorebis anketuri

gamokiTxva winaswar Sedgenili kiTxvaris meSveobiT (ix. danarTi 1);

2. mosaxleobis anketuri gamokiTxva da interviu;

3. fokus jgufebTan Sexvedra.

Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis arsebuli mdgomareobis Seswavlis,

analizis da misi Semdgomi ganviTarebis mizniT, 2015 wels CavatareT

turistebis anketuri gamokiTxva. ramdenadac saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi

turistebi metwilad stumroben goris municipalitets, kerZod: ufliscixe,

goris cixe, i.b. stalinis saxl-muzeumi, atenis xeoba da a.S. Sesabamisad,

anketireba swored goris municipalitetis farglebSi ganvaxorcieleT. sul

gamokiTxul iqna 180 turisti. gamokiTxvebi ZiriTadad ufliscixeSi da i.b.

stalinis saxl-muzeumSi Semosul turistebTan xorcieldeboda, radganac ukve

cnobili iyo am mimarTulebiT turistTa nakadebis yovelwliuri mniSvnelovani

zrda (ix. Ddiagrama 3.1.)

diagrama #3.1

109

aRniSnul regionSi turizmis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis mizanSewonilad

miviCnieT anketaSi iseTi kiTxvebis Setana, rogoricaa: gsmeniaT Tu ara, rom

goris mimdebare municipalitetebSic arsebobs mravali RirsSesanisnaoba,

istoriuli adgili, umSvenieresi landSaftebi da uZvelesi eklesia monastrebi?

aseve, isurvebdiT Tu ara, rom Tqveni saeqskursio marSruti goris mimdebare

teritoriebidan gagrZelebuliyo zemoT aRniSnulis gasacnobad da

dasaTvaliereblad?

saerTod, specialurad Sedgenili anketis kiTxvari, miznad isaxavda Sida

qarTlis regionSi turistuli infrastruqturis arsebuli mdgomareobis da

gansakuTrebiT turistuli momsaxurebis xarisxis donis Seswavlas. msgavsi

gamokiTxva SesaZlebels xdis gavigoT, Tu romeli turistuli obieqti iyo

ufro saintereso da mimzidveli turistebisaTvis. amasTan, SemdgomSi

momsaxurebis gaumjobesebis mizniT, vafiqsirebdiT turistebis SeniSvnebsa da

yuradsaReb rCevebs.

turistTa 55% anketirebul iqna i.b. stalinis saxl-muzeumSi, 45% -

ufliscixis muzeum nakrZalSi (ix.Ddiagrama 3.2). gamokiTxulTa 72%-s

Seadgendnen ucxoeli turistebi, 28%-s adgilobrivi qarTveli turistebi (ix.

Ddiagrama 3.3)

diagarama #3.2

55%

45%

ganawileba anketirebis adgilis mixedviT

i.b. stalinis saxl-muzeumi

ufliscixis muzeum-nakrZali

110

diagrama #3.3

Bbunebrivia, rom gamosakiTxi turistebi asakiT gansxvavdebodnen.

gamokiTxulTagan: 20 wlamde asakis turisti iyo 9%; 20 dan 40 wlamde 45%; 40

dan 65 wlamde 31% da 65 wels zemoT 20%. (ix. diagrama 3.4).

diagrama #3.4

111

regionSi sxvasadxva mizniT Camosuli turistebis procentuli

maCveneblebi ase gadanawilda: 45% - istroiul-kulturuli Zeglebis

monaxuleba; 20% - adgilobrivi kulturis gasacnobad; 15% - regionis

mravalferovani landSaftis gasacnobad da Tvalwarmtaci bunebiT siamovnebis

misaRebad; xolo 7% da 13% qarTuli stumarTmoyvareobis da samzareulos

dagemovnebis mizniT (ix. diagrama 3.5).

diagrama #3.5

vizitis mizani

istoriul-kulturuliZeglebis monaxuleba

adgilobrivi kulturisgacnoba

regionis landSaftisgacnoba da bunebiTsiamovneba

qarTulistumarTmoyvareobisSecnoba

samzareulos dagemovneba

gamokiTxul turistTa 43% gaecno i.b. stalinis saxl-muzeums (nawilma ki

survili gamoTqva); 33%-ma moinaxula ufliscixe; 12%-ma atenis xeoba da 12%-ma

goris cixis mimarT gamoiCina interesi. (ix. diagrama 3.6).

112

diagrama #3.6

diagrama #3.7 – dan naTlad Cans, rom turistebis 69%-s regionSi Camosvla

urCia turistulma kompaniam, rac udaod misasalmebeli faqtia, magram am mxriv

kidev ufro meti Zalisxmevaa saWiro. turistebis 17% megobrebis rCeviT aris

Camosuli. turistebis 10%-ma ki TviTon gamoiCina iniciativa da ganaxorciela

turi.

diagrama #3.7

2-3 dRiT Camovida turistebis 6%, erTi kviriT – 3%, xolo gamokiTxuli

turistebis didi nawili 91% regionSi mxolod erTi dRiT Camovida (ix.

Diagrama 3.8), rac upirvelesad gamowvulia Sesabamisi turistuli marSrutis

113

ararsebobiT da amasTan, miuxedavad turistebis mier gamoTqmuli didi

survilisa, rom miscemodaT ufro xangrZlivi droiT stumrobis saSualeba –

sastumroebSi moTxovnis Sesabamisi doniT momsaxurebis ver uzrunvelyofiT.

diagrama #3.8

rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, gamoviyeneT turistebisgan pirdapiri intervius

aRebis meTodic, ramac naTelyo, rom gamokiTxuli turistebis umravlesobas

Ramis gaTeva urCevnia keTilmowyobil adgilobriv sastumroebSi da

adgilobriv kerZo saojaxo sastumroebSi, rac maT miscemda qarTuli

tradiciebis da adgilobrivi stumarTmaspinZlobis ukeT gacnobis saSualebas.

garda amisa, am interviuebiT gairkva, rom maT gaaCniaT didi interesi da

survili Rame bunebaSi, karvebSi, saZile tomrebSi gaaTenon, rac udaod

gasaTvaliswinebelia.

diagrama #3.9-dan Cans, rom: turistebis 31% - ma Ramis gatarebis survili

gamoTqva adgilobrivi sastumros sasargeblod; 42% - ma adgilobriv saojaxo

sastumroebSi; 17% - ma bunebaSi, karvebSi, xolo 10% - s Ramis gatareba urCevnia

TbilisSi, meti komfortis da Sesabamisi maRali donis momsaxurebiT

uzrunvelyofis pirobebSi.

114

diagrama #3.9

im turistebis gamokiTxvam da interviuebma, romlebmac ukve isargebles

sastumros momsaxurebiT gviCvena, rom marTalia isini ZiriTadad kmayofilebi

arian qalaqSi sabanko momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobiT, gansakuTrebiT qarTuli

samzareuloTi – rac udaod misasalmebelia, magram bevri ukmayofilebac

gamoTqves. kerZod, isini ukmayofiloni arian sastumroSi momsaxurebis

xarisxiT, komfortis minimaluri donis arasebobiT (gaTboba, cxeli wyali da

a.S.). momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis mizniT, maT garkveuli rCevebic

gamoTqves restornebisa da kafe-barebis menejerebis msamarTiT.

gamokiTxuli turistebis 34% - yuradRebas aqcevs sastumros nomris

mdgomareobas; 39% - momsaxurebis xarisxs; 21% - fass, xolo 6% - kvebas da

sasmelebs.

115

diagrama #3.10

34%

39%

21%

6%

ganTavsebis adgilis SerCevis dros yuradReba eTmoba

sastumros nomrismdgomareoba

momsaxurebis xarisxi

fasi

sakvebiT da sasmeliTmomsaxureba

rac Seexeba goris municipalitetSi kvlevaSi monawile turistebis mier

turistuli infrastruqturis mdgomareobis Sefasebas – aRniSnuli saSualo

maCveneblebis farglebSia. kerZod: gamokiTxuli turistebis 71% 10 qulian

SkalaSi 4 dan 7 qulamde aniWebs (ix. diagrama #3.11). kiTxvarSi arsebul

Txovnaze, CamoeTvalaT 3 mTavari SeniSvna turistuli infrastruqturis

servisze, anketriebulTa umravlesoba aRnisnavs: 1. Aarsebobs enobrivi

barierebi; 2. qalaqSi ar aris ganTavsebuli specialuri dafebi, romlebzec

gamosaxuli unda iyos turistuli obieqtebis mimarTulebis maCveneblebi; 3.

turistuli obieqtebis arealSi ar aris sazogadoebrivi sapirfareSoebi.

116

diagrama #3.11

miuxedavad regionSi turistuli infrastruqturis momsaxurebis sferoSi

arsebuli naklovanebebisa, anketirebuli turistebis mniSvnelovani nawili 44%

ganmeorebiT apirebs regionSi Camosvlas da im turistuli obieqtebis

monaxulebas, romelTa daTvaliereba da gacnoba maT ver SeZles pirveli

stumrobis dros. amasTan 86% gamokiTxuli turistebisa dabejiTebiT

aRniSnavda, rom aucileblad urCevda Tavis nacnobebs, megobrebs, kolegebs da

sxv. gorSi Camosvlas (ix. diagrama 3.12 da 3.13).

117

diagrama #3.12

diagrama #3.13

anketaSi arsebul kiTxvaze – ris SeZenas isurvebdiT turistuli

obieqtebis daTvalierebis Semdgom – turistebis umravlesoba pasuxobs: rac

SeiZleba meti sainformacio bukletebis arsebobas da xelmisawvdomobas;

bukletebSi ufro mravalferovani informaciis warmoCenas da rac yvelaze

mniSvnelovania xelnakeTi suvenirebis SeZenas.

118

kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa problemebi, romelic saWiroebs droul

reagirebas. efqtiani moqmedebebis ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiroa Sesabamisi

gegmebis SemuSaveba, rogorc grZelvadian aseve moklevadian dinamikaSi.

turistuli servisebis da infrastruqturis gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT

mizanSewonilad migvaCnia yuradReba gamaxvildes Semdeg sakiTxebze:

• rTulia informaciis moZieba turistuli obieqtebis Sesaxeb;

• ar gagvaCnia saTanado sainformacio veb-gverdebi, turistuli

gzamkvlevebi da bukletebi;

• ar gvaqvs SemuSavebuli iseTi turistuli saeqskursio marSrutebi,

romlebic didi xniT darCenis survils gauCens turistebs;

• saojaxo sastumroebis nakleboba;

• sastumroebSi momsaxurebis dabali done;

• momsaxurebis dabali xarisxi kvebis obieqtebze;

• specialuri dafebis, gzamkvlevebis da piqtogramebis ararseboba;

• ucxo enebis flobis dabali done;

• adgilobrivi nawarmis da samaxsovro suvenirebis SeZenis saSualeba;

• turistuli obieqtebis arealSi sazogadoebrivi sapirfareSoebis

ararseboba.

gamokiTxul turistTa 78%-s saerTod araferi smeniaT goris mimdebare

municipalitetebSi (kaspi, qareli, xaSuri) arsebuli mravali istoriuli

Zeglis, RirsSesaniSnaobis da eklesia monastrebis Sesaxeb, magram didi

interesi gamoTqves am obieqtebis monaxulebis sasrgeblod, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

ki winaswar SeZlebdnen sakmarisi informaciis miRebas da eqnebodaT

uzrunvelyofili Rames saTevi da kvebis saSualeba.

Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad gamokveTili problemebi metnaklebad

damaxasiaTebelia aramarto Sida qarTlis, aramed saqarTvelos sxva

regionebisTvisac, rac iZleva maTi ganzogadebisa da erTiani saxelmwifo

xedvis TvalsawierSi moxvedris SesaZleblobas. yvela zemoT aRniSuli

problema saWiroebs droul reagirebasa da gadawyvetas, ramac unda

uzrunvelyos turistTa moTxovnis Sesabamisi momsaxurebis xarisxis

119

gaumjobeseba da Sedegad, turistuli nakadebis moculobis gazrda. es

ukanaskneli ki sargebels moutans rogorc adgilobriv mosaxleobas, ise

regionis (regionebis) turistuli infrastruqturis srulyofili da momgebiani

saqmianobis saswindari iqneba.

rogorc zemoT avRniSneT kvlevaSi turistebis garda anketirebul da

interviurebul iqna agreTve adgilobrivi mosaxleoba da fokus jgufebi.

gavaanalizeT regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi qarelis, kaspisa da

xaSuris municipalitetebSi maTi Sexedulebebis Sefasebis safuZvelze.

RirsSesaniSnaobebiT mravalferovania qarelis (ruisisa da urbnisis,

Zamas xeobis teritoriebi uamravi eklesia monastrebiT da sxv.). xaSuris (daba

surami da qviSxeTi). kaspis (xovle, axalqalaqi, gostibe, rkoni, gariyula) da

sxv. surami zRvis donidan 900-1000 m-ze mdebareobs, samTo klimaturi kurortia,

Warbobs fiWvnar-naZvnari. aq aris bunebrivi gogirdis mineraluri wylebi

(samkurnalo danisnulebi). Lesia ukrainkas saxelobis saxl-muzeumi, XI saukunis

istoriuli Zegli suramis cixe da eklesia. qviSxeTi raionuli centridan

daSorebulia 10 km-iT, samTo klimaturi kurortia wiwovan-naZvnar da Sereuli

tyis SuagulSi. qviSxeTSi mdebareobs dimitri yifianis saxl-muzeumi, mravlada

aris istoriuli Zeglebi, eklesiebi. qviSxeTi mdidaria wyarosa da mineraluri

wylebiT. kaspis municipalitetSi aRsaniSnavia banleologiuri kurorti xovle,

romelic zRvis donidan 780 m-zea. Axalqalaqi zRvis donidan 1040 m-zea, maRali

mTis klimatiT da bunebrivi samkurnalo faqtorebiT. gostibe zRvis donidan

1400 m-ze mdebareobs, romelic gamoirceva samkurnalo haviT, profilaktikuri,

nevrologiuri samedicino profiliT. rkoni zRvis donidan 950 m-ze,

sasrgebloa bavSvebisa da mozardebisaTvis. gariyula zRvis donidan 470 m-ze,

igi gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa asTmiT daavadebulTaTvis. Sida qarTlis

sxvadasxva teritoriebi mdidaria samonadiero – sarewao resursebiT da

Tevzsarewi adgilebiT. bunebrivi pirobebi saSualebas iZleva turizmisaTvis

sasargeblo samonadireo kompleqsebis mosawyobad. aqA SeiZleba myari

safuZveli Caeyaros florisa da faunis dacvas da mis Semdgom mdgrad

ganviTarebas. [35]

120

rogorc aRiniSna, turistebis SefasebasTan erTad gavaanalizeT

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis Sexedulebebi turizmis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb

qarelis, kaspisa da xaSuris municipalitetebSi. rogorc danarTi №2 - Sia

warmodgenili, mosaxleobis azris Semswavleli kiTxvari exeba iseT sakiTxebs,

rogoricaa: maTi municipalitetebis CarTvas saeqskursio marSrutebSi; SeZleben

Tu ara RamisTeviT da kvebis mixedviT ramdenime dRiT stumrebis miReba-

ganTavsebas; ewevian Tu raime xalxuri nakeTobebis warmoebas turistebisaTvis

SesaTavazeblad; stumrebisaTvis TavianTi sacxovreblis saojaxo

sastumroebad mosawyobad, vis mimarTaven finansuri uzrunvelyofisaTvis,

dasaxmareblad da bolo kiTxva exeba ojaxis suladobis da masSi

SromisunarianTa raodenobas, romelsac Cveni azriT didi mniSvneloba eniWeba

dasaqmebis TvalsazrisiT.

pirdapiri intervius meTodiT aRniSnuli sakiTxebis irgvliv SeviswavleT

sul 120 ojaxis azri.

kiTxvaze: isurvebdnen Tu ara maTi municipalitetebis

RirsSesaniSnaobebis CarTvas sxva regionebis saeqskursio marSrutebSi,

dadebiTi pasuxebi ase ganawilda:

• qarelis municipalitetSi - 92%;

• kaspis municipalitetSi - 90%;

• xaSuris municipaliteti - 80%.

aqve SevniSnavT, rom aRniSnul municipalitetebSi arsebuli

RirsSesaniSnaobebis, eklesia-monastrebis, cixeebisa da sxvaTa CarTvas goris,

quTaisis, baTumis, Tbilisisa da saqarTvelos sxva regionebis turistul

marSrutebSi, gazrdis qarTlis regionis turistuli nakadebis moculobas, rac

dadebiTad waadgeba rogorc aRniSnuli municipalitetebis mosaxleobis

Semosavlebs, ise mTlianad regionis biujets.

SekiTxvas, romelic exeba RamisTeviT stumrebis miRebas Tundac 1-3 dRiT,

dadebiTad upasuxa samive municipalitetis gamokiTxulTa TiTqmis 60%-ma,

danarCenma Tavi Seikava. RamisTevasTan erTad, SeZleben Tu ara stumrebis dReSi

orjer mainc kvebas – samive municipalitetis 50%-ma upasuxa dadebiTad, 20%-ma

Tu finansebi eqnebaT im SemTxvevaSi, xolo – 30%-ma uaryofiTad upasuxa. meoTxe

121

SekiTxvaze, eweviან Tu ara adgilobrivi nawarmis turistebisaTvis SeTavazebas

– municipalitetebis mixedviT ase ganawilda:

Qqarelis municipalitetSi:

• diax - 80% arა - 20%

kaspis municipalitetSi:

• diax – 77% ara - 23%

xaSuris municipalitetSi:

• diax - 95% ar vici - 5%

SekiTxvaze saojaxo sastumros mosawyobad finansuri daxmarebisaTvis

vis mimarTaven? pasuxi ase gamoikveTa:

qarelis municipalitetSi:

• adgilobriv municipalitets - 30%

• adgilobriv banks - 50%

• sakuTar biujets - 20%

kaspis municipalitetSi:

• adgilobriv municipalitets – 30%

• adgilobriv banks – 60%

• sakuTar biujets – 10%

rac Seexeba xaSuris municipalitets, aq mosaxleobis azri ase ganawilda:

• adgilobriv municipalitets – 20%

• adgilobriv banks – 70%

• sakuTar biujets – 10%

samive municipalitetebis gamokiTxul ojaxTa suladoba saSualod 4-5

adamianisagan Sedgeba, romelTagan 2-3 Sromisunariania. aqedanGgamomdinare, Tu

aRniSnul municipalitetebSi eqnebaT xelSewyoba adgilobrivi mmarTvelobiTi

organoebidan an bankebidan iafi sesxis misaRebad, gazrdili turistuli

nakadebis uzrunvelsayofad ojaxebi Seecdebian TavianTi sacxovrebeli

adgilebis adaptirebas stumrebisaTvis ise, rom maT hqondeT mowyobili

sanitaruli kvanZi da cxeli wyali. Aაmave dros isini imedovneben, rom

gazrdili turistuli nakadebi cotaTi mainc gaaumjobeseben maTi ojaxebis

122

Semosavlebs da bunebrivia tუristebis zrda, mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels

adgilobrivi xalxuri nakeTobebis maTi mxridan SeZenas da ojaxebis

damatebiTi Semosavlebis zrdas.

unda aRiniSnos, rom Sida qarTlis regionSi turistebis ganTavsebis

saSualebebis naklebobis gamo (sul 11 sastumro, 168 adgiliT), TavisTavad

izrdeba moTxovna saojaxo tipis sastumroebze, Sesabamisad am tipis biznesis

ganviTarebaze. cnobilia, rom saojaxo sastumrobis sawol-adgilebis

raodenobam 2014 wlisaTvis aWaris, samcxe-javaxeTis, imereTis, kaxeTis da

samegrelo-zemo svaneTis regionebSi Seadgina saqarTvelos mTliani sawol-

adgilebis 18%. maspinZel ojaxebs gauCndaT sagrZnobi Semosavali, Sesabamisad

maT gauCndaT am saqmianobis saojaxo biznesad gadaqcevis interesi. [34]

Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad Sida qarTlis regionSi gamovlinda rigi

problemebisa, romlebic mniSvnelovnad aferxeben saojaxo sastumroebis

biznesis wamowyeba-ganviTarebas (reklamis simcire, mouwesrigebeli

infrastruqtura, iafi kreditis problema, sezonuroba, turistul

saagentoebTan kavSiris arqona, maRali saSemosavlo gadasaxadi da amave dros

ucxo enebis arcodna). amasTan aRsaniSnavia isic, rom Sida qarTlis regionebSi

saojaxo sastumroebi soflis turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebeli

komponentia. saojaxo sastumrod SeiZleba gadakeTdes soflad ukve arsebuli

sacxovrebeli saxlebi, rac ar moiTxovs did investiciebs. mcire danaxarjebi

saWiroa ZiriTadad sanitaruli normebis dasakmayofileblad, saZinebeli

farTis rekonstruqciisaTvis da sanitaruli kvanZebis mosawyobad. garda amisa,

soflad turizmis ganviTareba Seamcirebs umuSevrobas da gazrdis

adgilobrivi xalxuri rewvis produqtis gasaRebis SesaZleblobas.

qveynis turistuli potencialis (kerZod Sida qarTlis) Seswavlis dros

garda im sakiTxisa Tu ramdenad aris qveyanaSi turistuli ganviTarebis done,

mniSvnelovania Sefasebul iqnes TiToeuli regionis turistuli ganviTarebis

zegavlena mTlianad ekonomikuri ganviTarebaze. am mimarTulebiT arsebobs

mravalricxovani kvlevebi (Modelling tourism demand, travel mode choice and destination

loyalty, Vo Van Can, 2013); Fischer, Sahay, Vegh (1996a); Fischer, Sahay, Vegh (1996b); Pushak,

Toingson, Varoudakis (2007); Brunetti, Kisunko, Weder (1997); Havrylyshyn, van Rooden (2000);

123

Raiser, Haerpfer, Nowotny, Wallace (2001) da sxvebi), sadac konkretuli formis

maTematikuri modelebi gamoiyeneba. am miznisTvis Cven gamoviyeneT „probiT“

modeli, rac gulisxmobs damokidebuli cvladis binarulobas (mniSvnelobebiT

0 da 1. 0-Sida qarTli ar mounaxulebia, 1 - mounaxulebia, gasuli Tvis

manZilze). damoukidebeli cvladebad viyenebT: asaks, sqess, eTnikurobas

ganaTlebis dones ojaxur mdgomareobas, Semosavlebs da a.S. aseve, regresiuli

analizi saSualebas iZleva ganvasxvavoT darCenis/ganTavsebis saSualebebi

(sakuTari saxli, naTesavis saxli, sastumro, saojaxo sastumro, a.S.). amsxsenl

cvladebad gamoviyeneT asaki, sqesi, eTnikuroba, ganaTlebis done, ojaxuri

mdgomareoba, Semosavali, regioni, Sida turistuli viziti Ramis TeviT/Ramis

Tevis gareSe.25

modelma saSualeba mogvca dagvedgina romeli cvladia statistikurad

mniSvnelovani da konkretulad ramdeniT zrdis Sida qarTlis monaxulebis

albaTobas esa Tu is maxasiaTebeli sxva Tanabar pirobebSi.

modelSi gamoyenebuli monacemebi:

• mocemul kvlevaSi gamoyenebulia Sida turizmis monacemebi 2014 wlis me-

2 kvartlidan 2015 wlis me-3 kvartlis CaTvliT (sul 6 kvartali)26;

• gamokiTxulia 14 525 Sida vizitori (visac RamisTeviT an eqskursiis

mizniT mounaxulebia saqarTvelos erTi teritora mainc bolo erTi Tvis

manZilze gamokiTxvis momentisTvis)27;

kvlevis Sedegebi:

1. monacemebi Sewonilia da reprezentatulia qveynis masStabiT.

2. kvlevam aCvena, rom Sida turizmis mxolod 6.5% modis Sida

qarTlze.

3. kvlevis meore etapze regresiuli analiziT SevecadeT gamogvevlina

faqtorTa CamonaTvali da aseve, is individualuri maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic

gavlenas axdenen Sida qarTlis turistuli mizniT monaxulebaze (RamisTeviT,

eqskursiiT). aseve, SviswavleT turistTa mier Sida qarTlSi ganxorcielebuli

25Sida turists SesaZlebelia gamokiTxvis momentidan gasuli Tvis manZilze ganxorcielebuli qondes vizitebi rogorc erT dRiani aseve Ramis TeviT. 26 wyaro: http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=118&lang=geo 27 wyaro: http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=118&lang=geo

http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=118&lang=geo


124

vizitis pirobrbSi servisiT dakmayofilebis done (maT mier gamokveTili

Sefasebebis dajamebiT)

modelis Sefaseba - modelis specifikaciis (cvladebis arCevis) etapis

Semdeg moxda agebuli modelis Sefaseba. amisaTvis gamoyenebul iqna programa

(stata) regresiis Sefasebis instrumenti. rogorc regresiis Sefasebidan Cans,

agebuli modeliT SevecadeT Segvefasebina Tu ra faqtorebi axdens gavlenas

Sida qarTlSi mogzaurobaze. cxrilSi mocemulia wrfivi regresiis (OLS)28 aseve

probiT da logiT modelebis koeficientebi. damokidebuli cvladi binarulia,

nuli da erTi mniSvnelobebiT, romelic Sesabamisad gviCvenebs gamokiTxvis

momentSi gasuli erTi Tvis manZilze vizitorTa mier Sida qarTlis

monaxulebis dones.

cxrili: 3.6

amxsneli cvladebi OLS Logit Probit

age_group -0.0174675 -0.2224458* -0.1214917*

gender 0.0193628 0.2527959* 0.1231328*

ethnicityid -0.0183771* -0.2999178* -0.155866*

educationlevelid -0.0019576 -0.0190826* -0.0107741*

maritalstatusid 0.0161468* 0.2280164* 0.1294162*

personalincome -0.0000166 -0.0001758* -0.0000839*

reg_tbilisi -0.0114881 -0.0242347* -0.0119533

reg_adjara -0.1740358* -1.828292* -0.9230484*

reg_imereti -0.1921152* -3.384149* -1.626907*

reg_mtskheta_mtianeti 0.0111777 0.1833495* 0.1408073*

reg_samegrelo_zemo_svaneti -0.1429784* -1.409826* -0.7208148*

28 Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) - umcires kvadratTa meTodi

http://economics.about.com/cs/economicsglossary/g/ols.htm

125

reg_samtskhe_javakheti -0.1248239* -1.249952* -0.6654576*

reg_kvemo_kartli -0.0841028 -0.6692102* -0.3946885*

overnightvisits 0.0196426 0.1448428* 0.1059371*

samedayvisits 0.0449482* 0.4175989* 0.2419287*

_cons 0.1328524 -2.043228* -1.238646*

შენიშვნა: სტატისტიკურად მნიშვნელოვანი ცვლადები აღნიშნულია *-ით

wrfivi regresiis mixedviT (OLS) Sida qarTlis monaxulebas mxolod 10%-iT

xsnis mocemuli damoukidebeli cvladebi (R-squared = 0.1028). gamovlinda rom

statistikurad mniSvnelovani cvladebia eTnikuroba, ojaxuri mdgomareoba,

regioni, erTdRiani vizitebis ganxorcieleba. monacemeTa Semdgomi analizi

gviCvenebs, rom eTnikurad osebi Sida vizitebs sxva eTnikur jgufebTan

SedarebiT yvelaze xSirad Sida qarTlSi axorcieleben. gamokiTxul os

mogzaurTa 37% erTxel mainc yofila Sida qarTlSi.

diagrama 14: Sida qarTlis monaxulebis maCvenebeli eTnikuri jgufebis mixedviT

ojaxuri statusi mniSvnelovni ganmsazRvreli cvladia Sida qarTlis

monaxulebis TvalsazrisiT. gamokiTxul araregistrirebul qorwinebaSi

126

myofTagan procentulad yvelaze meti mogzaurobs Sida qarTlSi. sxva

ojaxuri statusis mqone Sida turistTa saSualod 6-8% stumrobs Sida

qarTls, xolo araregistrirebul qorwinebaSi myof turistebSi es maCvenebeli

17%.

diagrama 15: Sida qarTlis monaxulebis maCvenebeli ojaxuri statusis mixedviT

Sida qarTlis monaxulebis albaTobas mniSvnelovnad zrdis regionis faqtori.

yvelaze maRali procentuli maCvenebeli adgilobriv mosaxleobaSia. samcxe-

javaxeTSi gamokiTxul vizitorTa 12.7% stumrobs Sida qarTls, xolo yvelaze

dabali maCvenebeli guriis regionSia.

127

diagrama 16: Sida qarTlis monaxulebis maCvenebeli regionebis mixedviT

statistikurad aramniSvnelovani cvladebia asaki, sqesi, ganaTlebisa da

Semosavlebis done. vizitor mamakacTa daaxloebiT 7% stumrobs Sida qarTls,

xolo qalebSi es maCvenebeli 6.4%-s Seadgens, Tumca es ori sidide

statistikurad mniSvnelovnad ar gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan.

diagrama 17: Sida qarTlSi viziti genderul WrilSi

asakobriv kategoriebSi Sida qarTlis monaxulebis maCvenebeli umniSvnelod

gansxvavdeba. axalgarzrda da Suaxnis mosaxleobaSi ufro maRalia Sida

qarTlis monaxulebis maCvenebeli. gamokiTxuli 15-30 wlis mosaxleobis 7%

128

stumrobs Sida qarTls, xolo 71 wels gadacilebul vizitorTa mxolod 6%

Cadis Sida qarTlSi.

diagrama 18: Sida qarTlSi vizitis maCvenebeli asakobriv WrilSi

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Sida qarTlis regions ar uWiravs

konkretuli niSa Sida turizmis kuTxiT. igi erTnairad mimzidvelia sxvadasxva

asakis, Semosavlebisa da ganaTlebis mqone adamianebisTvis. amis fonze,

logikuria rom adgilobrivi da mozobeli regionebis macxovreblebi

warmoadgenen ZiriTad vizitorebs. modelma kidev erTxel daadastura is

xarisxobrivi mignebebi rasac exeba aRniSnuli sadisertacio naSromi.

129

3.2. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali

Sida qarTls sakmaod soliduri turistuli potenciali gaaCnia. mxareSi

Semaval oTxive municipalitetSi (gori, kaspi, qareli, xaSuri) arsebobs

araerTi bunebriv- kulturul-istoriuli Tu religiuri Rirebulebis mqone

Zegli. aqedan gamomdinare, regionis grZelvadiani ganviTarebisaTvis

turistuli potenciali SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes, rogorc misi erT-erTi

umniSvnelovanesi Semadgeneli.

bolo wlebis dinamikis mixedviT Sida qarTlis regionSi turistebisa da

vizitorebis nakadebi sagrZnobladaa gazrdili, rac dadebiT tendenciad unda

CaiTvalos.29 Tumca, aRsaniSnavia rom turistuli obieqtebis

damTvalierebelTa didi nawili vizitorebi arian da ara turistebi, rasac

Tavis mizezebi gaaCnia (erTdRiani vizitorebi, ganTavsebis saSualebebisa da

sawolebis mcire raodenoba da sxv.) aRsaniSnavia, rom turistebisa da

vizitorebis raodenobis matebis ganmapirobebel faqtorTa Soris pirvel

rigSi saWiroa:

• regionul doneze infrastruqturis mowesrigebis RonisZiebebi;

• zogadad qveyanaSi mosalodneli safrTxeebis prevencia;

• qveynis turistuli potencialis popularizaciis mizniT specialuri

siuJetebi saqarTveloze msoflios wamyvan telekompaniebSi;

• kargad ganviTarebuli agraruli seqtori da sxv.

bunebrivia, Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT

soflis meurneobas ganmsazRvreli adgili uWiravs. aRsaniSnavia, rom amJamad

mcire saojaxo meurneobebSi daaxloebiT regionis mTliani mosaxleobis 80%–

ia (254 000 kaci) dasaqmebuli.30

diagramebSi 2.1 da 2.2 -Si naCvenebia, rom 2013 – 2014 ww gamokveTili

tempiT iwarmoeba soflis meurneobis produqtebi, viTardeba sasoflo –

sameurneo naTesi farTobebi. bostneulis naTesebma 5.4 atas heqtars miaRwia.

ganviTarda memcenareoba, mexileoba. upiratesad iwarmoeba vaSli 67,2 atasi

29http://www.gnta.ge/upload/file/2010_%E1%83%AC.pdf 30Irakli Merkvilishvili,Agriculture development in Shida Kartli, June2011.

http://www.gnta.ge/upload/file/2010_%E1%83%AC.pdf

130

tona (2014 wlis monacemebiT). am periodSi gaizarda mecxoveleobis

produqtebis warmoebis maCveneblebi, rac ganTavsebis saojaxo tipis

sastumroebis qselis gazrdasTan erTad, aviTarebs regionis ekonomikas, zrdis

dasaqmebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobis aqtivobas turizmis sferoSi, maT

Semosavlebs, iwvevs sezonuri migraciis klebas da ganapirobebs turizmis

infrastruqturis ganviTarebis stimulirebas [77].

sasoflo sameurneo kulturebis naTesi farTobebi Sida qarTlis

regionSi (1000ha) diagrama 2.1.

wyaro: statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri

mocemul periodSi xilis warmoebis maCveneblebs Soris didi upiratesobiT

iwarmoeba vaSli. rac Seexeba atmis warmoebas, am bolo periodSi Sida

qarTlSi SeiniSneba misi klebis tendencia.

131

diagrama 3.13 xilis warmoeba 1000 tona

wyaro: statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri

Sida qarTlis regionis soflis meurneobaSi met-naklebad miRweuli

warmatebebis miuxedavad, unda SevexoT soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis

Semaferxebel iseT faqtorebs, rogoricaa: [29]

• sasoflo-sameurneo kreditebze maRali saprocento ganakveTebis

arseboba;

• soflis meurneobaSi sadazRvevo sistemis ganuviTarebloba;

• sarwyavi sistemis gaumarTaoba;

• nakveTebTan misasvleli Sida gzebis mouwesrigebloba;

• adgilobriv fermerebis mxridan axali teqnologiebisadmi garkveuli

undobloba, rac xels uSlis axali jiSebis danergvas;

• xarisxiani saTesle masalebisa da Sxam - qimikatebis xelmiuwvdomeloba;

• Sida qarTlis regionSi soflis meurneobis produqciis gadamamuSavebeli

mrewvelobis ganuviTarebloba, maT Soris xilis Ciris masStaburi

warmoeba, romelzec didi moTxovnilebaa dasavleTis qveynebSi;

• adgilobrivi fermerebisaTvis municipalur doneze sasoflo-sameurneo

sferoSi arsebul statistikuri monacemebis xelmiuwvdomloba;

• Zalze mwiria mcire fermerTa (kooperirebis) gaerTianebebis praqtika;

132

• ar xdeba sasoflo-sameurneo niadagebis mudmivi Seswavla-analizi. [25]

specialuri ganxilvis sagans warmoadgens regionis sagzao

infrastruqtura. rac Seexeba saxelmwifoebriv gzebs, romelic Sida qarTlis

teritoriaze gadis sakmaod mowesrigebulia, xolo municipaluri gzebi oTxive

raionSi aucileblad da droulad misaxedia, rameTu municipalitetis

teritoriaze sxvadasxva soflebSia gabneuli unikaluri, Cvenamde SemorCenili

sxvadasxva drois uamravi kulturuli memkvidreobis Zegli. teritoria

mdidaria lamazi bunebrivi da arqiteqtoruli landSaftebiT, mTebiT,

mdinareebiT, tbebiT da sxva.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Sida qarTlis regions turizmis ganviTarebis didi

perspeqtiva gaaCnia, arsebuli potencialis mxolod mcire nawilia aTvisebuli,

danarCeni ki auTvisebeli da gamouyenebelia. mosaswesrigebelia turistuli

infrasturqturis ZeglebTan misasvleli gzebi, gzebze rukebis da abrebis

ganTavseba, kulturul-mosasvenebeli da kvebis obieqtebis gzamkvlevebi da a.S.

rac arTulebs am teritoriebis gamoyenebas turistuli daniSnulebiT.

uaRresad mniSvnelovania adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis sakiTxi.

am problemis gadawyveta sruliad SesaZlebelia saxelmwifoebrivi midgomiT.

nabij-nabij, ganuwyveteli tempiT unda xdebodes municipalitetebis winaSe

mdgari, turistuli infrastruqturis ganviTarebis ganmapirobebli yvela

naklovani mxaris gamosworeba, grZelvadian perspeqtivaze gaTvliT bunebriv da

kulturul landSaftebTan, kulturis ZeglebTan, taZrebtan, arqiteqtorul

kompleqsebTan da a.S. [24] misasvleli gzebis ekologiurad mdgradi qselis

proeqtis SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba. sastumroebis, saojaxo sastumroebis,

maTSorisi damakavSirebeli gzebis, ganTavsebis saSualebebSi Sesabamisi

komfortuli pirobebis SeqmnisaTvis, kvebis obieqtebis xarisxiani sakvebiT

momaragebis, dasvenebis adgilebis kulturuli keTilmowyobis, xelnakeTi

nivTebis tradiciis efeqturi aRorZinebisaTvis ganuwyveteli Tavdauzogavi

mizanmimarTuli muSaoba. am sakiTxebis gadawyveta unda xdebodes kompleqsuri,

perspeqtivaSi erTiani xedvis WrilSi. am samuSaoebis dros aucileblad unda

xorcieldebodes miwis, haeris, wylis, floris, faunis kadastris cvlis

133

monitoring. garemoze zemoqmedebis ASefaseba, raTa grZelvadian periodSi Tavi

ar iCinos gauTvaliswinebelma Cavardnebma, Seferxebebma. unda xdebodes

turistuli infrastruqturis marketinguli daniSnulebis samsaxurebis yvela

niuansis swori Sefaseba da momgebiani moTxovna-miwodebis uzrunvelyofa.

yovelive es TavisTavad iZleva adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis

saSualebas. amave dros, saojaxo sastumroebis raodenobis zrda, turistuli

centrebis Seqmna, kvebisa da dasvenebis obieqtebis srulyofa, axali

marSrutebisa da biznes ideebis SemoTavazeba (mosaxleobis aqtiuri

CarTulobiT) iqneba regionSi Semosavlebis, mosaxleobis dasaqmebis,

turistuli nakadebis samomavlo zrdis da saerTod regionis maRali

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sawindari. [29]

Cvens mier Catarebulma kvlevebma gviCvena, rom gorsa da qarelis

raionebSi xalxuri rewva praqtikulad ar aris ganviTarebuli. am mxriv

ukeTesi mdgomareobaa xaSuris da kaspis municipalitetebSi, sadac warmoebuli

ZiriTadi produqcia iyideba saavtomobilo gzebis gaswvriv.

Sida qarTlis regionis Zlieri da susti mxareebis, agreTve

SesaZleblobebisa da safrTxeebis warmosaCenad gamoviyeneT SWOT analizis

meTodi, romelmac dagvanaxa, rom miuxedavad regionis didi turistuli

potencialisa, jer kidev ar xdeba am potencialis sruli gamoyeneba.

S – Zlieri mxareebi W - susti mxareebi


• mravalferovani landSafti da

ekosistemebis nairsaxeoba;

• tradiciuli xalxuri rewvis

kerebis arseboba;

• Sida qarTlis ekonomikuri

ganviTarebis strategiis SemuSaveba;

• Sida qarTlis municipalitetebSi kerZo

turistuli saagentoebis ararseboba;

• koordinaciis dabali xarisxi dedaqalaqSi moqmed

turistul saagentoebsa da Sida qarTlis

municipalitetebSi arsebuli turistuli

obieqtebs Soris;

• turistuli obieqtebis mimdebare teritoriebis

dasufTavebis sakiTxi;

• municipalitetis satransporto periferiuli

gzebis mouwesrigebloba;

• saniSne dafebis da quCebis niSandebis

saerTaSoriso enaze ararseboba;

134

• transportis ganrigis saerTaSoriso enaze

ar arseboba;

• momsaxurebis obieqtebSi enobrivi barieris

arseboba;

• gasarTobi adgilebisa da obieqtebis simcire;

• ganTavsebis saSualebebis nakleboba.

O - SesaZleblobebi T - safrTxeebi

• auTvisebeli turistuli

daniSnulebis adgilebi;

• Sida qarTlis ekonomikuri

ganviTarebis strategiis SemuSaveba;

• turistuli nakadebis zrdis

maCvenebeli;

• Sida qarTlis teritoriaze

saerTaSoriso organizaciebis

aqtivoba.

• regionSi arsebuli arastabiluri politikuri

viTareba;

• investiciebis arastabiluroba;

• rusuli agresiis mosalodneli safrTxe.

cnobilia, rom saqarTvelos yvela regioni gamoirCeva Tavisi unikaluri

gansakuTrebulobiT, damaxasiaTebeli floriT, fauniT, havis TaviseburebebiT,

mravalferovani bunebrivi, kulturuli da arqiteqtoruli landSaftebiT,

istoriul – kulturuli ZeglebiT, koSkebiT, taZrebiT, monastrebiT,

nakrZalebiT, CanCqerebiT, mdinareebiT, tbebiT, samkurnalo daniSnulebis

mineraluri wylebiT da samkurnalo talaxebiT, karstuli mRvimeebiT da sxv.

miuxedavad amisa, dResac ar aris mravali maRgani CarTuli turistul

marSrutebSi, an Tundac erTi regionis turistuli daniSnulebis obieqti ar

aris CarTuli sxva regionis turistuli marSrutis sqemaSi.

magalisTisaTvis SegviZlia SemogTavazoT Sida qarTlis uaRresad

mimzidveli turistuli daniSnulebis mqone obieqtebi, romelTagan nebismieri

maTganis CarTva saqarTvelos sxva, nebismieri regionis turistul marSrutSi

efeqturad gazrdida turistebis dainteresebas, rameTu maT miecemaT

unikaluri saSualeba gaecnon saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionebs Soris

135

mravali parametrebis mixedviT arsebul, rogorc mkveTr gansaxvavebulobas,

ise maTi erTianobis maxasiaTeblebs.

qalaq goris teritoriaze mdebareobs gviandeli feodaluri xanis,

natexi qviT nagebi erekles abano, romlis konstruqciis nawilebi: kedlebis

kuTxeebi, Seisruli TaRebi, naxevarsferuli gumbaTebi da sasinaTlo xvrelebi

aguriT nawyobi. abano Sedgeba ori saTavsosgan, romelTac samxreTidan cal-

calke Sesasvlelebi gaaCnia. abanos aRmosavleT kedelSi mogvianebiT kidev

erTi kari gauWriaT. saTavsebi gadaxurulia Seisrul TaRebze damyarebuli

gumbaTiT. aRmosavleT saTavsis gumbaTSi gaWrilia Svidi wriuli xvreli,

xolo dasavleTSi oTxi. saTavsebs yofs 1 metri simaRlis gadamRobi kedeli,

romelSic gaWrilia ori TaRovani da erTi sworkuTxa xvreli. msgavsi

xvrelebia aRmosavleT saTavsis kedelSic. [35]

goris municipalitetSi turistebma SeiZleba moinaxulon i. gogebaSvilis

saxl-muzeumi (sof. variani); n. lomouris saxl-muzeumi (sof. Zevera); s.

makalaTias istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi; amilaxvrebisa da maCablebis

yofili sasaxleebi (XIX s.); goris da Sindisis cixeebi; veres, aCabeTis da

severis cixeebi; kulturis da dasvenebis parkebi; g. erisTavis saxelobis

dramatuli Teatri da sxv.

amave municipalitetSi aris Semdegi RirsSesaniSnaobebi: CanCqeri

(Txilnaris xeobaSi, sofel biisTan); 60 metriani CanCqeri atenis xeobidan

meSvide kilometrze, romelic 4 Tvis manZilze gayinulia da saukeTeso

saSualebaa regionSi alpinizmis ganviTarebisaTvis; Tbili wylebi – atenidan

meTeqvsmete kilometrze, biisSi 1000 metris simaRleze, romelic samkurnalo

turizmis ganviTarebis saukeTeso saSualebaa; “jamjama” – ulamazesi mwvervali

atenidan 30 kilometris daSorebiT, 2200 metr simaRleze, romelic agreTve

saukeTeso saSualebaa alpinizmis ganviTarebisaTvis. [35]

goris municipalitetis teritoriaze asocze meti antikuri, brinjaos

xanis, adreuli da gviani Sua saukuneebis periodis taZrebi, cixeebi, cixeTa

koSkebi, galavnebis naSTebi da sxv. aris SemorCenili.

136

verescixe, qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi Zeglia,

mdebareobs mdinare veres xeobaSi. ansablis centrSi VII saukunis samnaviani

bazilikaa aRmarTuli. aqvs Sesasvlelebi sami mxridan. bazilikis navebi

gamoyofilia svetebis ori wyviliT. SeiniSneba XI saukunis droindeli

kapitaluri SekeTebis kvali, gansakuTrebiT fasadebze. monastris qvemoT,

kldovan qedze IX – X saukunis cixis nangrevebia. cixe nagebia riyis qviT,

nageboba dazianebulia. Ferdobebze 4 - 5 metris simaRleze semorCenilia

kldeebi. cixis aRmosavleTi da dasavleTi mxareebi mTavrdeba sxvadasxva

zomisa da formis mqone koSkebiT. aRmosavleTis koSkidan gadarCenilia

mxolod konturi. cixis ezoSi didi wyalsacavia. cixe strategiuli

mniSvnelobisaa, saidanac mosCans atenis xeoba da gori misi midamoebiT. veres

cixe da misi mimdebare teritoriebi Sedioda Tbilisis saamiroSi da atenis

cixesTan erTad monawileobda qarTlis SemoerTebissaTvis warmoebul

brZolaSi. [35]

veres cixeze misasvleli gza sofeli atenidan iwyeba da miuyveba veres

xevs, amitom Zeglamde avtomobiliT misvla SeuZlebelia (mxolod maRali

gamavlobis avtomobiliT aris SesaZlebeli), Sesabamisad Zeglamde misvla

Cveulebriv fexiT an cxeniT xorcieldeba.

sayovelTaod cnobilia turizmis efeqturi ganviTarebisaTvis sastumro

industriis srulyofis mniSvneloba. sastumro undustrias Seadgens

koleqtiuri da individualuri ganTavsebis sxvadasxva saSualebebi:

turistuli banakebi, sastumroebi, motelebi, saojaxo sastumroebi da sxv.

goris municipalitetSi sastumroebis mxriv sruliad arasaxarbielo

mdgomareobaa. gorSi arsebobs mxolod sami koleqtiuri ganTavsebis sastumro:

“viqtoria”, “gori”, “inturisti” da ori kerZo saojaxo sastumro. Aam

sastumroebSi erToblivad mxolod 72 adamianis miRebaa SesaZlebeli:

• sastumro viqtoria – 16 nomeri, 32 adamiani;

• sastumro gori – 8 nomeri da 1 luqsi, 20 adamiani;

• sastumro inturisti - 8 nomeri da 1 luqsi, 20 adamiani;

137

amave dros aRsaniSnavia, rom CamoTvlil sastumroTagan verc erTi ver

sTavazobs stumrebs xarisxian momsaxurebas. sastumroebs “viqtorias” da

“gors” gaaCniaT gaTbobisa da kondicirebis mowesrigebuli sistemebi,

sakonferencio darbazi, kafe – bari da uzrunvelyofs mxolod sauzmiT.

Sastumro “inturistSi” mxolod luqsis tipis nomeria uzrunvelyofili

cxeli wyliT.

turizmSi kvebis sakiTxs erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi roli aqvs. kvebis

specifika, erovnuli samzareulo adgilobrivi kulturis da

stumrTmaspinZlobis Semecnebis mniSvnelovani elementia. Cveulebrivi da

aucilebeli moTxovnebis garda kveba ganixileba, rogorc garTobis da

adgilobrivi tradiciis gacnobis saSualeba. goris municipalitetis

sazogadoebrivi kvebis Sistema moicavs: restornebs, barebs, kafeebs,

sasadiloebs da swrafi kvebis sxva dawesebulebebs. am mxriv gorSi

damakmayofilebeli mdgomareobaa, radgan arsebul sxvdasxva tipis kvebis

obieqtebSi, restornebSi, ludis barebSi da sxv. SesaZlebelia qarTuli

mravalferovani tradiciuli kerZebis da adgilobrivi sasmelebis dagemovneba.

Tumca gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom zogierT obieqtze momsaxurebis done ver

akmayofilebs Sesabamis moTxovnebs, risTvisac unda tardebodes

Tanamsromlebis saTanado treningebi; maTi CacmulobisaTvis unda SemuSavdes

specialuri formebi; yuradreba unda miqces kerZebis gaformebis

meTodologias.

udides interess iwvevs turistebSi goris municipalitetSi arsebuli

mravali istoriuli da kulturuli Zegli, koSkebi, taZrebi, qviT nagebi cixe –

koSkebi, cixe – simagreebi, mTebsa da soflebSi uxvadaa warmodgenili

nasoflarebi. oficialuri monacemebiT (kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis

saministro) am regionSi kulturuli memkvidreobis 136 Zeglia, romelTagan 53

uSualod gorSi mdebareobs. [35]

goridan sami kilometris manZilze, mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze, mTaze

SemorCenilia XVII saukuneSi nagebi gorijvris arqiteqtorul – istoriuli

Zegli galavniT. dRemde Seuswavlelia am nagebobis ori sarTuli, Tumca

aRsaniSnavia Zeglze damontaJebuli dekoratiuli ganaTeba, rac FRamiT

138

qalaqidan sesaniSnav vizualur efeqts qmnis. centraluri gzidan ZeglTan

mimsasvleli kilometrnaxevriani gzis monakveTi Zalian cud mdgomareobaSia

da saWiroebs saswrafo reabilitacias. agreTve keTilmouwyobelia Zeglis

mimdebare teritoriac. ZeglTan axlos mdebare egredwodebuli samsxverplos

teritoria dabinZurebulia. qarTuli tradiciis Tanaxmad adgilobrivi

mosaxleoba wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesias swiravs msxverpls, ris Semdeg

ar xdeba dasufTaveba, rac antisanitarias ganapirobebs. mosaxleobas am mxriv

meti kultura moeTxoveba, xolo municipalitetma jerovani yuradReba unda

gamoiCinos aRniSnul teritoriaze dasufTavebis uzrunvelsayofad, kerZod

daawesos da mkacrad gaataros kanoniT dawesebuli (da Tu ar arsebobs aseTi

kanoni winadadebiT Sevides parlamentSi yvela SesaZlo sanqciis Sesabamisi

kanonmdeblobiT uzrunvelyofas) sanqciebis, akrZalvebis, jarimebis da a.S.

efeqturi qmedeba. [35]

turistuli daniSnulebis am regionSi gamoirCeva kurorti “gorijvari”.

aRiarebulia am kurortis unikaluri samkurnalo mineraluri – saabazane

wylebi, romliTac mkurnaloben: [35]

• qronikul arTritebs (infeqciuri, revmatiuli, tramvuli da endokrinili

warmoSobis);

• periferiuli nervuli sistemis daavadebebs (nevritebi, nevralgiebi,

radikulitebi da sxv.);

• nervuli sistemis funqciur daavadebebs;

• trombloflebitebs;

• angionevrozebs;

• hipertonuli daavadebis I stadias;

• kardiosklerozebs;

• msubuqi warmoSobis spondiloznebs;

• saSvilosnos da misi danamatebis qronikul anTebad process.

samwuxaroa da dauSvebelia, rom aseTi unikaluri kurorti dRes

ufunqciod aris darCenili.

139

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom saqarTvelos teritoriaze kldeSi nakveTi

sami umniSvnelovanesi da umSvenieresi didi Zeglia daculi: ufliscixe, varZia

da gareji. antikurobiT gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva unikaluri ufliscixe,

arqeologiuri gaTxrebi momwmobs, rom ufliscixe, rogorc kldeSi nakveTi

samosaxlo, 2000 wliT ufro adre warmoiqmna vidre varZia da 1500 wliT adre

vidre gareji. [35]

Tavisi ubadlo arqiteqturuli brwyinvalebiT gamorCeuli ufliscixe

daufarav aRtacebas iwvevs da xiblavs mnaxvelebs. ufliscixe goridan

meTormete kilometrze, mdinare mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze mdebareobs,

kvernakis qedis samxreT ferdobze, advilad dasamuSavebel qviSaqvis masivSi,

ukavia 95 ha farTobi. ufliscixe Sedgeba sami ubnisagan da Seicavs Zv.

aRmosavleTis qveynebisa da antikuri xanis Sida qalaqisaTvis damaxasiaTebel

mTel rig komponentebs: ramdenime Sesasvles, zRudes, Txrilebs, gvirabs,

wyalsadens da wyalsawretebis arxebis mniSvnelovan qsels. sruliad naTlad

ikveTeba, rom ufliscixe uZvelesi drois xelosnuri warmoebis mniSvnelovani

centri unda yofiliyo, rom aq ganviTarebuli iyo mevenaxeoba, memindvreoba,

mecxoveleobda da meurneobis sxva dargebi. yovelive amas mowmobs

arqeologiuri gaTxrebiT gamovlenili masalebi, rogoricaa agraruli

kultebis salocavi, ritualuri daniSnulebis nivTebi, oqros, vercxlis,

rkinis, qvis, Zvlis, Tixisgan naketebi mravalferovani, mxatvruli sinatifis

mqone samkaulebi; gamovlinda kldeSi nakveTi sawnaxelebi, vazis sasxlavi

danebi, rkinis saxnisi da sxv. [35]

ufliscxis CrdiloeTiT, Svidasi - rvaasi metris daSorebiT, amayad

wamoWimula kldekari (aTi metri simaRlis da sami-oTxi metriT siganeSi). igi

Cv. w. aRricxvamde VI – V saukuneebSia gamokveTili da kavkasiis uZveles

Zeglebs Soris, erT-erTi uZvelesi Zeglia. kldekari Savi zRvis auzis

qveynebTan damakavSirebeli didi savaWro – satranzito gzis monakveTia.

qalaqis SedarebiT SemaRlebul adgilze dgas aguriT naSeni IX – X s.

samnaviani bazilika. [35]

ufliscixis mimarTulebiT, garda muzeum – nakrZalisa, turistuli

marSrutebis popularizaciisaTvis Semdegi mimzidveli da mniSvnelovani

140

istoriul – kulturuli obieqtebia: avkeTi (qvaxvreli); bambebis namosaxlari;

kilaanT eklesia; kldis wyaros namosaxlari; kldis farexi; RvTismSoblis

eklesia; yaTlanis xevis namosaxlari da sxv. amrigad, ufliscixe da mis

mimdebare teritoriebze arsebuli, perspeqtiulad turistuli daniSnulebis

obieqtebi regionSi turizmis infrastruqturis gafarToebis da maRal doneze

ganviTarebis uaRresad mniSvnelovani winapirobaa, xolo TviT ufliscixe

saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi Zeglia. [

35]

goris cixe pirvelad istoriul wyaroebSi VII-e saukuneebSi moixsenieba.

goris cixis adgilas, Zv. w. aRricxvis pirveli aTaswleulis bolo

saukuneebSi, Zlieri cixe-simagre yofila, romlis garSemo mosaxleoba

cxovrobda. goris cixe dgas qalaqis centrSi, kldovan borcvze. goris cixe

erT-erTi uZlieresi da kargi konstruqciis arqiteqturuli Zeglia mTeli

saqarTvelos masStabiT. goris cixis mniSvnelovani nawili ganviTarebul

feodalur xanas ganekuTvneba, nawili ki – XVII saukunus Sua xanebs. goric

cixe ganlagebulia zeda platoze mdebare – ovaluri citadelis saxiT da

dasavleT ferdobze cxrakaris saxiT. citadelis aRmosavleT monakveTebSi XI

– XII saukunis droindeli mcire eklesiis nangrevebia. uaRresad didi iyo

goris cixis, rogorc strategiuli daniSnulebis mqone nagebobis mniSvneloba,

rameTu misi daufleba niSnavda batonobas mTels Sida qarTlze. [35]

sanaqebod unda aRiniSnos, rom cixseTan misasvleli gza

mosafaltebulia da karg mdgomareobaSia. amasTan, 2007 wels daigo fexiT

asavleli daniSnulebis qvafenili, rac udaod win gadadgmuli nabijia, Tumca

did naklad CaiTvleba Zeglis mimdebare teritoriaze, specialuri, turizmis

Semdgom ganviTarebis uzrunvelmyofi aucilebeli (kafe-barebi, dasavnebeli

adgili, suvenirebis, turistuli daniSnulebis jixurebis, improvizirebuli

sanaxaobebisaTvis) aucilebeli Sesabamisi obieqtebis ararseboba. goris cixis

mimdebare teritoriaze mouwesrigebelia Zveli qalaqis amsaxveli iersaxe da

sxv.

rac Seexeba atenis sions, is goridan 12 kilometris manZilzea. Zeglamde

misasvleli gza moasfaltebulia, gzaze dadgmulia Zeglis mimarTulebis

141

sagzao niSnebi. goridan Zeglamde moZraobs sazogadoebrivi transporti,

rogorc gori atenis, aseve gori boSuris mimarTulebiT. aqac gvaqvs nakolvani

mxare – gzaze ar aris ganaTebis sistema, rac municipalitetis da turizmis

erovnuli administraciis (garkveul SemTxvevebSi) arasakmarisad

koordinirebul urTierTobaze miuTiTebs. atenis xeoba gansakuTrebiT

mimzidvelia ekoturizmisa da kulturuli turizmis moyvarulTaTvis. am

xeobaSi 76 istoriuli da kulturuli Zeglila. ulamazesi bineba, SesaniSnavi

xedebi da gansakuTrebiT gogirdovani wylebi ufro mimzidvels xdis atenis

xeobas. sionis taZridan 5 kilometris manZilze mdebareobs sofeli biisi,

romelic ganTqmulia samkurnalo daniSnulebis gogirdovani wylebiT. udavoa,

rom aseTi adgilis reklamireba, keTilmowyoba da turistebis informaciiT

uzrunvelyofa xels Seuwyobs xeobaSi momgebiani samkurnalo turizmis

ganviTarebas. Sida qarTlis teritoriebi sakmaod mdidaria samonadireo –

sarewao resursebiT, Tevzsarewi adgilebiT, romelTa aTviseba turistuli

daniSnulebiT metad aqtualuria. [35]

qarelis municipalitetis teritoriaze bunebis Zeglebidan aRsaniSnavia

ramdenime tba, maTgan: bateTis bunebrivi tba, oqrosoflis da bebnisis

xelovnuri tbebi. bunebis Zeglebidan aRsaniSnavia aseve karstuli mRvime,

abuxalos da Trexvis gamoqvabulebi. abuxalosTan aris 25m. simaRlis CanCqeri,

romelic ulamazesi da saintereso Zeglia. [35]

turistuli mizniT gamoiyeneba mdinare Zamas ulamazesi xeoba, aseve

უZvelესი istoriuli soflebis ruisisa da urbnisis teritoriebi uamravi

eklesia – monastrebiT. sainteresoa aseve turistuli potencialis mxriv

xvedurelas xeoba ganumeorebeli landSaftebiT. qarelis mxareTmcodneobis

muzeumSi daculia 1720 istoriuli eqsponanti. Qქarelis municipalitetSi,

gorTan SedarebiT, ufro meti eklesia-monastrebia (131), maTgan 34 mamaTa da 10

dedaTa monasteria. [35]

eklesiebidan aRsaniSnavia RvTismSoblis saxelobis 13 eklesia, ruisis

kviracxovlobis eklesia, kexijvris wm. samebis eklesia, qarelis yovlawminda

samebis sakaTedro taZari, urbnisis sakaTedro taZari da wminda ninos eklesia,

qarelis samebis sakaTedro taZari da mravali sxva. danarTebSi #3 da #4

142

warmodgenilia kaspisa da xaSuris municipalitetis RirsSesaniSnaobebi,

rogorc adamianebis, ise bunebis mier Seqmnili Zeglebi. Sida qarTlis

teritoriaze, kerZod xaSuris municipalitetis teritoriaze aris mineraluri

wylebiT mdidari cnobili kurortebi daba surაmi da qviSxeTi. [35]

daba surami – klimaturi tipis kurorti sulfiduri mineraluri

wylebiT, mdebareobs lixis qedis samxreT kalTebze, q. xaSuris Crdilo

dasavleTiT 4 km-ze, ori mniSvnelovani gzis gasayarze, zRvis donidan 900-1000

metrze. is, sarkinigzo xaziT, dakavSirebulia xaSurTan. surami samTo-

klimaturi kurortia. daba suramSi moedineba md. suramula, romelic saTaves

iRebs lixis qedis aRmosavleTiT. gavrcelebulia fiWvnar-naZvnari sartyeli.

1948 wels surami gamocxadda respublikuri mniSvnelobis kurortad. igi

gamoirCeva samkurnalo mineraluri wylebis arsebobiT. kerZod, samkurnalod

gamoiyeneba bunebrivi gogirdis mineraluri wylebi. aq aris lesia ukrainkas

saxelobis saxl-muzeumi, me-11 saukunis istoriuli Zegli suramis cixe da

eklesia; qviSxeTi – klimato-balneologiuri kurorti sulfiduri wylis

tipiT. mdebareobs lixis qedis aRmosavleT kalTaze, zRvis donidan 730

metrze, raionis centridan daSorebulia 10 km-iT. igi samTo klimaturi

kurortia, mdebareobs mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze, Sefenilia lixis qedze.

igi mTlianad moqceulia wiwvovan-naZvnar da Sereuli tyis SuagulSi. qviSxeTi

odiTganve cnobilia sakurorto zonad. qviSxeTSi mdebareobs dimitri yifianis

saxl-muzeumi. mravlad aris istoriuli mniSvnelobis Zeglebi, eklesiebi.

aqauri klimati gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa mozardebisaTvis. mdidaria wyarosa

da mineraluri wylebiT. [35]

kaspis municipalitetis teritoriaze 30-mde mniSvnelovani istoriuli da

kulturuli obieqti mdebareobs, rac turistebisTvis mniSvnelovani interesis

wyaroa. esenia: xovle – balneologiuri kurorti arTrologiuri samedicino

profiliT, sulfiduri mineraluri wylis tipi. mdebareobs zRvis donidan 780

metrze. bunebrivi mniSvnelobis samkurnalo saSualebaa gogirdovani wyali.

gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi funqcionirebda gogirdovani wylebis

adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis balneologiuri kurorti. Sezonuri kurortia 1

Tvis ganmavlobaSi. axalqalaqi _ mdebareobs zRvis donidan 1040 metrze.

143

bunebrivi samkurnalo faqtoria maRali mTis klimati. gostibe –

profilaqtikuri, pulminologiuri, nevrologiuri samedicino profiliT.

mdebareobs zRvis donidan 1400 metrze. mTis kurortze mkurnalobis ZiriTadi

saSualebaa samkurnalo Tvisebebis mqone hava. rkoni _ zRvis donidan

mdebareobs 950 metris simaRleze, maRali haeris gamo sasargebloa bavSvebisa

da mozardebisaTvis, amitom aq funqcionirebda s/s `kaspieleqtroaparatis~

dasasvenebeli saxli xis kotejebiT, romelic iyo keTilmowyobili. droTa

ganmavlobaSi kotejebi dazianda da saWiroebs SekeTebas, igi isev s/s

`kaspieleqtroaparatis~ gankargulebaSia. gariyula _ zRvis donidan

mdebareobs 470 metris simaRleze, igi gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa asTmiT

daavadebulTaTvis. [35]

garda zemoTaRniSnulisa, Sida qarTlis sxvadasva teritoriebi

mdidaria aseve samonadireo-sarewao resursebiT, xolo mdinareebTan axlos

wylis resursebTan erTad Tevzsarewi adgilebi. md. TeZmis xeobaSi samoWalo

– rkonis xeobaSi arsebobs samonadireo saxli; kavTuris xeoba, gostibis mTa

da municipalitetis teritoriaze arsebuli sxva adgilebi samonadireo

turizmisaTvis sasargeblo kompleqsis mowyobis saSualebas iZleva. amasTan,

samonadireo meurneobis Seqmna mxaris florisa da faunis dacvisa da mis

Semdgomi mdgradi ganviTarebis safuZveli iqneba. aseTia Sida qarTlis

kulturuli obieqtebis damaxasiaTebeli Zlieri mxareebi.

ra xelis SemSleli faqtorebi arsebobs Sida qarTlis regionSi

turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis? es faqtorebi SeiZleba Semdegnairad

CamovayaliboT:

• regionis teritoriaze savalalo mdgomareobaa dasufTavebis,

sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis TvalsazrisiT;

• regioni ganicdis garTobisa da dasvenebis obieqtebis deficits;

• mosawesrigebelia turistuli daniSnulebis obieqtebis arealSi

sapirfareSoebiT uzrunvelyofa;

• aucilebelia regionSi hospitaluri seqtoris mowesrigeba;

144

• regionSi gamonaklisebis garda mouwesrigebelia Sida gzebi, rac

Tavis mxriv aferxebs turistebis gadaadgilebas turistuli

daniSnulebis obieqtebTan;

• regionSi naklebad damakmayofilebelia momsaxurebis sferos

saqmianoba;

• regionis vaWrobis sferoSi dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri

anazRaureba Zalian dabalia da klebis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba

(daaxloebiT 200 lari); [28]

• bunebrivi resursebiT mdidar regionSi ar xdeba resursebis sworad

gamoyeneba, maTi saprivatizacio obieqtebis nusxaSi CarTva;

• regionSi turizmis sferoSi ar arian sakmarisi kompetenturi kadrebi,

risTvisac aucilebelia Seiqmnas Tanamedrove saswavlo programebi da

adgilobriv akademiur personalTan erTad saWiroa Sesabamisi sferos

ucxoeli eqspertebis mowveva da sxv.;

• regionis umaRles saswavleblebSi aucilebelia swavlebis xarisxis

gaumjobeseba sasoflo-sameurneo da turizmis mimarTulebiT;

• Sida qarTlis regionis arc erT municipalitetSi ar arsebobs

sakempinge adgilebi, sadac turistebi SeZlebdnen ramdenime dRiT

ganTavsebas;

• minimaluri standartebiT da momsaxurebis dabali xarisxisT

xasiaTdeba Sida qarTlis regionSi arsebuli sastumroebi da e.w.

“gesThauzebi”;

• aucileblad unda aRiniSnos uaRresad mniSvnelovani faqti, rom Sida

qarTlis municipalitetebSi ar funqcionirebs arcerTi turistuli

saagento. mogzaurobis koordinacias uzrunvelyofs TbilisSi moqmedi

turistuli saagentoebi, amis gamo ver xdeba Sida qarTlSi arsebuli

obieqtebis srulfasovnad da jerovnad aTviseba da Sesabamisad,

turistuli daniSnulebis axali obieqtebis CarTva sasurvel

turistul marSrutebSi;

• savalalod dabalia koordinaciis xarisxi TbilisSi moqmed

turistul saagentoebsa da Sida qarTlis regionSi arsebuli

145

turustuli obieqtebis warmomadgenlebs Soris, ris Sedegadac

turistTa nakadebi stumroben mxolod calkeul turistul obieqtebs

da ver xerxdeba regionis turistuli potencialis srulfasovnad

gamoyeneba. amitom aucilebelia aqtiurad amoqmeddes

saxelmwifoebrivi sistemuri midgoma regionSi da saerTod qveyanaSi,

turizmis infrastruqturis yvela arsebuli problemis dadebiTad

gadasawyvetad.

aRniSnuli problemebi aramarto Sida qarTlSi, aramed saqarTvelos sxva

regionebSic aRiniSneba. magaliTad, rig regionebSi sayofacxovrebo narCenebis

centralizebuli gatanis araseboba regionebis teritoriidan, mosaxleobas

iZulebuls xdis narCenebis gadasayrelad gamoiyenon mdinareebi, mdinaris

xeobebi, ukontrolod darCenili adgilebi, rac qmnis usufTaobis,

antisanitariis pirobebs, garemos uqmnis ekologiur safrTxes. problemis

winase dgas dabinZurebuli teritoriis mosaxleoba, Sinauri da gareuli

cxovelebi, Tevzebi. binZurdeba mdinareTa hidrosfero.

miuxedavad naklovani mxareebisa, Sida qarTlis regions sakmaod didi

turistuli potenciali gaaCnia. aq SeiZleba ganviTardes ekoturizmis

sxvadasxva saxeoba, eqstremaluri turizmi, samkurnalo turizmi, kulturul-

dasasvenebeli turizmi, agroturizmi, Rvinis turizmi, arqeologiuri turizmi,

piligrimuli turizmi da sxv.

sxvadasxva turistuli saagentoebis meSveobiT Sida qarTls

(dauzustebeli informaciiT) stumrobda 25-30 aTasamde turisti. 2011 wlis

aprilSi q. gorSi gaixsna turizmis sainformacio centri. 2011 wlis aprilidan,

amave wlis seqtembris CaTvliT, damatebiTi informaciis misaRebad goris

turizmis sainformacio centrs 5000 – mde vizitori estumra. Tu manamde

turistebis interesSi mxolod i.b. stalinis saxl-muzeumis da ufliscixis

kompleqsis monaxuleba iyo, gorSi sainformacio turistuli centris gaxsnam

turistebs yvelanairi informaciis miRebis saSualeba misca regionis

teritoriaze arsebuli sxva kulturuli Zeglebisa da mravalferovani

sanaxaobebis Sesaxeb. agreTve aRsaniSnavia, rom turizmis sainformacio

146

centris stumrebi xSirad gamoTqvamen garkveul SeniSvnebs turistuli

infrastruqturis gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT regionSi, kerZod: [34]

• gasarTobi adgilebis da obieqtebis simcire;

• adgilobrivi turistuli saagentoebis ararseboba;

• sazogadoebrivi sapirfareSoebis ararseboba;

• momsaxurebis dabali xarisxi;

• turistul obieqtebSi enobrivi barieris problema;

• transportis ganrigis saerTaSoriso enaze ararseboba.

turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis Sida qarTlis regionSi araerTi

mniSvnelovani piroba arsebobs: Cvenamde SemorCenili sxvadasxva drois uamravi

kulturuli Zegli, xelsayreli geografiuli mdeobareoba, mdidari bunebrivi

resursebi da sxv. samwuxarod regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis didi da

mravalferovani potenciali gamouyenebeli da auTvisebelia. saWiroa

turistebisaTvis rukebisa da abrebis ganTavseba gzebze, kulturuli da

dasasvenebeli, kvebis obieqtebis miTiTebiT. turizmisaTvis auculebeli kvebisa

da dasvenebis obieqtebis, saojaxo sastumroebis, kulturul ZeglebTan

turistuli centrebis Seqmna adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis, maTi

Semosavlebis zrdisa da turizmis Semdomi ganviTarebis erT-erTi pirobaa.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Sida qarTlis regioni Tavisi

geografiuli mdebareobiT, mravalferovani bunebiT da arsebuli (da

asaTvisebeli) turistuli obieqtebis istoriuli mniSvnelobiT, regionis

sworad dagegmili strategiiT da koordinirebuli saqmianobiT, gaxdeba erT-

erTi gamorCeuli regioni saqarTveloSi.

147

3.3. Sida qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro

resursebis gamovlena da misi racionaluri gamoyeneba

Cvens mier ganxiluli regionis istoriuli, ekonomikuri da socialur-

kulturuli faqtorebi da maTi analizi cxadyofs, rom Sida qarTls gaaCnia

udidesi potenciali turizmis yvela mimarTulebis gansaviTareblad.

aucilebelia ekonomikuri ganviTarebis komponentebis gaTvaliswineba,

rogorc regionuli, ise adgilobrivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebisTvis. es

komponentebia: [28]

➢ turizmis adgilobrivi infrastruqturis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba;

➢ miwis resursebis marTvis gaumjobeseba;

➢ regionuli da adgilobrivi statistikis srulyofa-ganviTareba;

➢ sainvesticio da sakonsultacio centrebis Seqmna;

➢ regionSi pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis mozidvis stimulireba;

➢ soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba;

➢ regionSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis mier sesxis aRebis wesis

sakanonmdeblo daregulireba kapitalis xelmisawvdomobis

xelSewyobisaTvis;

➢ eqsportze orientirebuli mcire da saSualo biznesis waxalisebis

mizniT eqsportis xelSewyoba;

➢ regionis brendis Camoyalibebis xelSewyoba;

➢ gaTanabrebiTi satransfero sistemis daxvewa da minimaluri

saxelmwifo socialuri standartebis SemuSaveba;

➢ satransporto sistemis ganviTareba;

➢ regionis mdgradi ganviTarebis xelSewyobis mizniT tyis

resursebis inventarizacia da efeqturi gamoyenebis uzrunvelyofa.

aRniSnuli strategia gulisxmobs, rom turizmis ganviTarebisasTvis

regionSi aucileblad unda aRinusxos masSi arsebuli infrastruqturis

obieqtebi (Senoba-nagebobebi); agreTve detalurad unda aRinusxos turizmis

calkeuli dargebis: ekoturizmis, kulturuli turizmis, rekreaciuli da sxva

tipis turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro arsebuli bunebrivi da sxva

148

resursebi da am informaciis Sejerebis safuZvelze Seiqmnas turizmis

ganviTarebis strategia; unda SemuSavdes regionSi turistuli

infrastruqturis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis aucilebeli pirobebi, maT Soris:

sagzao, satransporto, turistTa niSnebisa da sainformacio dafebis

ganTavseba. turistul obieqtze daSvebis sainformacio dafebis ganTavseba da

sxv., rac xels Seuwyobs turistuli nakadebis zrdas. [28]

turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis gamoikveTa pirveli rigis prioritetebi –

infrastruqturis ganviTareba da mSeneblobis xelSewyoba: sainformacio

infrastruqtura da sainformacio kampania; sabanko infrastruqtura;

turistuli marSrutebis momzadeba; komunikacia kerZo seqtorTan; sagzao

infrastruqtura; narCenebis marTva; xalxuri rewvis xelSewyoba; komunikacia

kerZo seqtorTan: [29]

• sainformacio infrastruqtura _ aucilebelia gzebze damontaJdes

quCebis saxeldebisa da numeraciis, agreTve turistuli obieqtebis

mimaniSnebeli sagzao niSnebi, rogorc qarTul, aseve inglisur

enaze. saWiroa municipaluri transportisTvis gankuTvnil

gaCerebebze ganTavsdes transportis moZraobis ganrigis amsaxveli

dafebi (rac unda uzrunvelyos adgilobrivma xelisuflebam);

• sainformacio kampania _ Sida qarTlis romelime municipalitetma

unda uzrunvelyos turistuli gamofenis mowyoba, sadac miwveuli

iqnebian qveynis masStabiT moqmedi turistuli saagentoebi, ucxo

qveynebis saelCos warmomadgenlebi da turizmiT dainteresebuli

subieqtebi. amasTan, saWiroa erovnul doneze SemuSavebul iqnas

specialuri, regionis potencialTan dakavSirebuli, satelevizio

rgolebi, rac moemsaxureba regionis turistuli potencialis

popularizacias da aqcentirebuli iqneba ZiriTadad adgilobriv

turistebze (raSic aqtiurad unda CaerTos turizmis erovnuli

administracia, regionuli xelisufleba da adgilobrivi

TviTmmarTveloba);

149

• sabanko infrastruqtura _ turistebis sabanko momsaxurebis

gaumjobesebis mizniT aucilebeli pirobaa sabanko seqtoris metad

ganviTareba; damatebiTi bankomatebis damontaJeba regionis raionul

centrebSi (RonisZiebaSi unda CaerTos adgilobrivi xelisufleba

da sabanko seqtori);

• turistuli marSrutis momzadeba _ aucilebelia regionis

masStabiT damuSavdes, Seivsos arsebuli turistuli marSrutebi

safexmavlo da veluri turizmisaTvis (RonisZiebaSi unda CaerTos

adgilobrivi da regionuli xelisufleba);

• komunikacia kerZo seqtorTan _ saWiroa ufro meti koordinaciis

da aqtiuri komunikaciis uzrunvelyofa turistul saagentoebsa da

regionSi arsebul tursitul obieqtebs Soris. amisaTvis

aucilebelia regionSi ramdenime turistuli saagento

funqcionirebdes, radgan dReisaTvis turistuli nakadebis

Semodineba spontanurad xorcieldeba, rasac organizebuli xasiaTi

unda mieces regionis drosa da sivrceSi (unda CaerTos regionuli

xelisufleba da municipalitetebi turistul kompaniebTan erTad);

• sagzao infrastruqtura _ saWiroa gagrZeldes erovnuli da

adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebis reabilitacia da safexmavlo

bilikebis gaWra ekologiuri moTxovnebis dacvis gaTvaliswinebiT

(RonisZiebaSi aqtiurad unda CaerTos centraluri xelisufleba da

municipalitetebi erToblivad);

• wyalmomaragebis infrastruqtura _ unda gagrZeldes

municipalitetebSi wyalmomaragebis da melioraciis sistemebis

reabilitacia; unda gadawydes wylis uwyveti miwodebis problema;

melioraciis sistemis reabilitaciis dros, gaTvaliswinebuli unda

iqnas is adgilebi da teritoriebi, sadac metad aris agraruli

industriis ganviTarebis potenciali (am RonisZiebebSi unda

CaerTos centraluri xelisufleba regionul xelisuflebas da

donor organizaciebTan erTad);

150

• sanitaruli infrastruqtura _ regionis municipalitetebisaTvis

gadaudebel amocanad unda daisaxos sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris

adgilebSi da turistul obieqtebTan sazogadoebrivi

sapirfareSoebis mowyoba (unda uzrunvelyos adgilobrivma

xelisuflebam);

• narCenebis marTva _ aucilebelia moewyos Tanamedrove

standartebis nagavsayreli. narCenebis gatanis momsaxurebam unda

dafaros ara mxolod municipalitetis centrebi, aramed masSi

Semavali soflebic (RonisZieba unda gatardes regionuli

xelisuflebis da municipalitetebis aqtiuri xelmZRvanelobiT);

• xelovnuri rewva _ adgilobrivma xelisuflebam,

municipalitetebTan erTad aucileblad unda imuSaon adre

arsebuli xelovnuri rewvis mimarTulebebis aRdgenaze da dRes

arsebuli xelovnuri rewvis xarisxis gaumjobesebaze, aseve

produqciis realizebis mowesrigebaze. unda Seiqmnas turistebis

nakadebze gaTvlili suvenirebis mudmivmoqmedi gamofena-gayidvis

vizualurad mimzidveli obieqtebi.

damatebiTi prioritetia biznes garemos gaumjobesebis xelSewyoba,

kerZod: bankebis mxardaWera, finansuri resursebis xelmisawvdomobis zrda,

gadasaxdebis administirebis gamartiveba, axali bazrebis moZiebis xelSewyoba,

proeqtebis SedgenaSi konsultaciebis gaweva, saxelobo da profesiuli

ganaTlebis mxardaWra, momsaxurebis seqtoris xelSewyoba: [29]

➢ bankebis mxardaWera _ sesxebis gacemis rTuli administrireba

mniSvnelovan dabrkolebas warmoadgens biznesis ganviTarebisaTvis.

sesxis gacema gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania mcire kompaniebisa da

saojaxo sastumroebis qselis gafarToebisTvis. bankebSi, sabanko

produqtebis, kerZod ki sesxebis SemuSavebis gaumjobeseba da

gamravalferovneba, ara mxolod gazrdida kompaniebis mier sesxebis

an msgavsi servisebis, rogoricaa lizingi, gamoyenebas, aramed, aseve

iqneboda grZelvadiani strategia sesxis aRebasTan dakavSirebuli

danaxarjebis Semcirebis kuTxiT (RonisZiebaSi unda CaerTon

151

regionuli xelisufleba da regionSi moqmedi safinanso

organizaciebi);

➢ finansuri resursebis xelmisawvdomobis zrda _ sasurvelia

mTavrobam, biznesis sxvadasxva seqtorSi moaxdinos subsidireba,

rac ufro masStaburi unda gaxdes, raTa ganxocieldes finansuri

resursebis mimarTva axali samuSao adgilebis Sesaqmnelad da

mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis mxardasaWerad (RonisZiebaSi unda

CaerTos regionuli da adgilobrivi xelisufleba, aseve safinanso

organizaciebi);

➢ gadasaxadebis administrirebis gamartiveba _ regionisTvis

mniSvnelovania biznesisadmi xisti politikis gatarebis gamo ar

moxdes safrTxis gancdis zrda. Sesabamisad, aucilebelia

liberaluri sagadasaxado administrirebis meqanizmebis SemoReba

(RonisZiebis gatareba ZiriTadad centraluri xelisuflebis

prerogativaa, unda CaerTos sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba, finansTa

saministro da biznes ombudsmeni);

➢ axali bazrebis moZiebis xelSewyoba _ aucilebelia sazRvargareT

moZiebul iqnas axali, damatebiTi bazrebi, raTa adgilobrivma

mewarmeebma SeZlon warmoebuli produqciis meti odenobiT

realizeba. aucilebelia biznes-forumebis da gamofenebis mowyoba

(RonisZieba unda ganaxorcielos centralurma xelisuflebam,

sazRvargareT moqmed saqarTvelos saelCoebTan erTad da

regionulma xelisuflebam adgilobrivi mewarmeebis monawileobiT);

➢ proeqtebis SedgenaSi konsultireba _ regionulma xelisuflebam

konsultireba unda gauwios adgilobriv xelisuflebas regionSi

gansaxorcielebeli proeqtebis SedgenaSi, xolo centralurma

xelisuflebam saTanado mxardaWera unda ganaxorcielos

damuSavebuli proeqtebis dasafinanseblad);

➢ saxelobo da profesiuli ganaTlebis mxardaWera _ aRniSnuli unda

gakeTdes profesiul saswavleblebsa da damsaqmeblebs Soris

dialogis waxalisebiT; axali kurukulemebis ganviTarebiT da

152

adeqvaturi sawavlo pirobebis SeqmniT. uaRresad mniSvnelovania

iseTi profesiebis mxardaWera, rogoricaa gidi; sastumro saqmis

specialisti; ofisis menejeri; mcxobeli; mzareuli; durgali;

eleqtrikosi da sxv.;

➢ momsaxurebis seqtoris xelSewyoba _ aucilebelia momsaxurebis

sferoSi dasaqmebuli personalis (gansakuTrebiT sastumroebsa da

restornebSi) kvalifikaciis amaRleba, rogorc teqnikuri kuTxiT,

agreTve inglisuri da rusuli enis gamarTul, sakomunikacio

doneze Seswavlis mimarTulebiT (aRniSnul RonisZiebebSi unda

CaerTos regionuli da adgilobrivi xelisufleba, saerTaSoriso

da adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi).

2015-2017 wlebisaTvis, miRebul iqna saSualovadiani samTavrobo

dokumenti, romelmac gansazRvra saqarTvelos regionuli politikis ZiriTadi

miznebi, amocanebi, Sesabamisi prioritetebi da RonisZiebebi; amasTan daadgina

saWiro pirobebi qveynis regionebis dabalansebuli da mdgradi socialur-

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad. [29]

regionuli politika, programis ganxorcielebis miznebidan gamomdinare,

warmoadgens mizanmimarTul RonisZiebaTa erTobliobas, romelic

koordinirebuli da koncentrirebulia regionalur doneze. programa efuZneba

ganviTarebis saWiroebebsa da prioritetebs, maT, Sesabamisad, qveynis mdgrad

regionul ganviTarebaze mi

marTuli resursebis Sedegze orientirebul gadanawilebas. es programa

momzadda saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2013 wlis 10 seqtembris #1315 gankargulebis

safuZvelze. programis momzadebaSi CarTuli iyvnen Sesabamisi saministroebi

da saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis samTavrobo komisia. am programis

SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba mniSvnelovania evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos

Soris mimdinare TanamSromlobis RonisZiebebisaTvis, agreTve evrokavSiris

sabiujeto da seqtoruli daxmarebis programis farglebSi. am programis

efeqturi amoqmedeba pirdapir pasuxobs evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris

asocirebis xelSekrulebisa da asocirebis dRis wesrigiT gansazRvruli

153

Sesabamisi debulebebis ganxorcielebis miznebs. adrindel programasTan

SedarebiT am programaSi asaxulia bevrad ufro kompleqsuri da

koordinirebuli midgomebi, rac saqarTvelos im saministroebisa da

saxelmwifo uwyebebis ufro met CarTulobasa da TanamSromlobas moiTxovs,

romelTa saqmianobaSic efeqturi gavlena unda moaxdinon qveynis Semdgom

regionul ganviTarebaze [29].

programaSi warmodgenilia saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis

politika da misi ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebeli sakvanZo prioritetebi

Sesatyvisi RonisZiebebiT. programa iwyeba SesavaliT, romelSic mimoxilulia

regionuli ganviTarebis kuTxiT arsebuli mdgomareoba da, Sesabamisad

gamovlenilia ZiriTadi saWiroebebi. xolo #2 danarTSi mocemulia

specialuri saxelmZRvanelo forma programis prioritetebisa da programuli

RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis monitoringis xelSewyobisaTvis. [29]

yuradReba gasamaxvilebelia or zogad, magram metad mniSvnelovan

sakiTxze. rogorc cnobilia, 2012 wlis bolos, saparlamento arCevnebis

Sedegad, arCeuli iqna axali xelisufleba, rasac mohyva saxelmwifo

politikis mniSvnelovani koreqtireba rogorc saerTo doneze (mag., ZiriTadi

monacemebi da mimarTulebebi 2013-2016 wlebisaTvis), aseve konkretul dargebTan

da seqtorebTan mimarTebaSi (mag., soflis meurneoba, ganaTleba - maT Soris

profesiuli swavlebis CaTvliT, jandacva, dasaqmeba da sxv.). Sesabamisad

daiwyo axali polotikis SemuSaveba, rogorc regionul da adgilobriv

ganviTarebasTan mimarTebaSi, aseve daiwyo zrunva zogadad qveynis ekonomikuri

ganviTarebis axali erovnuli platformis SemuSavebisaTvis. [29]

2013 wlis agvistoSi saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris damTavrda

asocirebis SeTanxmebaze warmoebuli mniSvnelovani molaparakebebi, ramac, 2013

wlis noemberSi mxareebs misca aRmosavleT partniorobis samitze asocirebis

xelSekrulebis parafirebis SesaZlebloba. 2010 wels srgss-is miRebis Semdeg

(romelic isaxavda 2009 wlis da ufro adrindeli periodis analizs),

saqarTvelos yvela regionisaTvis SemuSavda regionuli ganviTarebis

strategiebi, romlebic mowonebuli iqna Sesabamisi regionuli sabWoebis da

saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis komisiis mier da 2013 wlis seqtemberSi

154

damtkicda saqarTvelos mTavrobis Sesabamisi gankargulebiT. amgvari ,,qvemodan

zemoT” dagegmvis Sedegebi moiTxovda maT gaTvaliswinebasa da asaxvas axal

programebSi. [29]

Aamrigad, zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare yuradReba unda gamaxvildes

Semdeg sakiTxebze:

1. am programis SemuSavebis pirveli etapisaTvis sawyis wertils

warmoadgenda saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis 2010-2017 ww.

saxelmwifo strategia (srgss). Tumca garemoebebi – saqarTvelos

politikis farTo konteqsti da sakuTriv politika – mniSvnelovnad

Seicvala da ganviTarda aRniSnuli strategiis miRebis Semdeg, ramac

logikurad ganapiroba evrokavSiris standartebTan maqsimalurad

morgebul axal relobaze gadasvla da masTan daaxloebuli

programis momzadeba.

2. axali programis farglebSi umniSvnelovanes gasaTvaliswinebel

sakiTxs warmoadgenda regionuli ganviTarebis politikis farTo

mizani.Ees programa efuZneba da didwilad SesabamisobaSia

evrokavSiris politikis (regionebs Soris uTanabrobis Semcireba)

gamocdilebasTan. unda aRiniSnos, rom bolo aTaswleulis

ganmavlobaSi es politika sagrZnoblad ganmtkicda – pirvelad 1990-

ian wlebSi, raTa daxmareba gaewiaT SedarebiT naklebad

ganviTarebuli wevri qveynebisaTvis, xolo mogvianebiT ki

gamoeyenebinaT axali wevri qveynebis mimarT, maTi gawevrianebis

Semdgom arsebuli saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad.

amasTanave uaRresad mniSvnelovani iyo, rom programa nawilobriv mainc

yofiliyo orientirebuli konkurentunarianobis amaRlebis politikis

mimarTulebazec, rogorc uTanasworobis Semcirebis, Tu ganviTarebis ufro

farTo saWiroebebis uzrunvelyofis saSualebaze. aseTi midgomebi savsebiT

Tavsebadia, ramdenadac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, orive amocanis gadaWra identuri

aqtivobebiT aris SesaZlebeli. Aam or midgomas Soris gansxvavebaze aqcentebis

dasma, an maTi kombinirebuli gamoyenebisas, ar gamoiricxeba garkveuli

dazustebis aucilebloba – Tu romeli midgoma emsaxureba ukeT regionebis

155

ganviTarebis saWiroebebs drois konkretul periodSi. swored aseTi midgomis

xedva iyo gasaTvaliswinebeli axali programis SemuSavebis procesSi.

mTlianobaSi es programa maqsimalurad morgebulia da pasuxobs saqrTvelos

regionuli ganviTarebis specifikur, mis yvelaze kritikul, rogorc pirvelad

da gadaudebel saWiroebebs. saqarTvelo evrokavSiris TiTqmis yvela wevr

qveyanasTan SedarebiT naklebad ganviTarebulia, amitom evrokavSiris wevr

qveynebTan SedarebiT (rogorc uTanabrobis SemcirebiT, aseve

konkurentunarianobis zrdis miznebisaTvis), misi ZiriTadi infrastruqturis

da mdgradi momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofis ganviTarebisaTvis, mizanSewonilia

ufro meti resursebis gamoyeneba. [28]

saqarTvelos msgavs patara qveynebSi, konkurentunarianobis sakiTxis

gadaWra, xSir SemTxvevaSi didwilad erovnul doneze xdeba. Tumca Sesabamisi

politikis mxardaWera saTanadod xorcieldeba agreTve subnacionalur

doneebzec. am konkretuli programis prioritetebi da RonisZiebebi ufro

uTanabrobebis Semcirebaze da mxolod nawilobriv, qveynisa da misi regionebis

konkurentunarianobis amaRlebis mxardaWeraze aris koncentrirebuli.

aRniSnuli sruliadac ar gulisxmobs Semdgom wlebSi saqarTvelos

regionebis ganviTarebisaTvis konkurentunarianobis sakiTxis nakleb

prioritetulobas. [28]

friad yuradsaRebia kompleqsuri gamowvevebi da maTze grZelvadiani

xedva, rac gulisxmobs ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis umniSvnelovanes da

mzard faqtors – biznesis mxardaWeris kompleqsur servisebs: kvlevebis

xelSewyoba, axali teqnologiebis danergva da inovaciebi. es servisebi

arsebiTia agreTve evrokavSiris wevr ganviTarebul qveynebTan Tu regionebTan

arsebuli gansxvavebebis SemcirebisaTvis. saqarTvelos regionebi ukve wamyvan

moTamaSeebad arian gadaqceuli saerTo erovnuli warmatebis misaRwevad,

radganac eqsternaliebi da mzardi ukugeba - rogorc ekonomikuri zrdisa da

ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli – swored regionul da adgilobriv

doneebze warmoiSoba. aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom 2002 wlidan evropis

kavSiris sabWos mier konkurentunarianobis politika ganixileba, rogorc

evropis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi makroekonomikuri instrumenti, romelic

156

saSualebas iZleva dakmayofildes moqalaqeTa miswrafebebi rogorc

gaTanabrebis politikis, aseve codnaze damyarebuli maRalefeqtiani

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis meSveobiT, rogorc erovnul, ise suberovnul

doneze. [28]

Sida qarTlis teritoria gamoirCeva momxibvleli landSaftebiT,

mravalricxovani kulturul-istoriuli ZeglebiT da RirsSesaniSnaobebiT,

rac turistuli seqtoris ganviTarebis ZiriTadi safuZvelia. Mmiuxedavad

regionSi arsebuli mdidari da mravalferovani turistuli daniSnulebis

adgilebisa, municipalitetis muSaobis naklad unda CaiTvalos, rom turizmis

potenciali srulad ar aris gamoyenebuli. dabalia koordinaciis xarisxi

dedaqalaqSi moqmed turistul saagentoebsa da regionis teritoriaze

arsebuli turistuli obieqtebis warmomadgenlebs Soris. mosawesrigebelia

aseve turistuli marSrutebi.

Aamrigad, zemoT xsenebuli programis, regionis turistuli seqtoris

potencialis, turistul infrastruqturaSi arsebuli naklovanebebisa da sxv.

gaTvaliswinebiT, SevimuSaveT turizmis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi, romlis

ganxorcielebac SesaZlebelia Sida qarTlis municipalitetSi.

ase magaliTad, goris municipalitetSi arsebuli potencialis mixedviT

turizmi SeiZleba ganviTardes Semdegi mimarTulebiT:

➢ ekoturizmi;

➢ agroturizmi;

➢ sasoflo turizmi;

➢ Rvinis turizmi;

➢ sakurorto turizmi;

➢ religiuri turizmi;

➢ eqstremaluri turizmi;

➢ samkurnalo turizmi.

amasTan, goris municipalitetSi, misi RirsSesaniSnaobebidan gamomdinare

sami ZiriTadi turistuli marSruti gamoikveTa: turistuli marSruti (goris

cixe - stalinis saxl – muzeumi -kurorti gorijvari); mdinare tanas xeoba;

ufliscixis mimarTulebiT.

157

aRsaniSnavia, rom yovel turistul marSrutze gvxvdeba garkveuli

naklovani mxareebi, amitom SevecadeT SegvemuSavebina calkeuli

municipalitetebis mixedviT, romelTa SeTavazebasac detaluri informaciisa

da Rirebulebis warmodgenamde Cven vapirebT turistebisaTvis, agreTve

baTumis, quTaisisa da Tbilisis turistuli saagentoebisaTvis TavianT

turistul marSrutebSi CasarTavad. swored kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenil

naklovanebebze gavamaxviloT Tqveni yuradReba.

goris cixe jer kidev mxolod garedan daTvalierebis obieqts

warmoadgens turistebisaTvis. xolo turistebis ufro efeqturi mozidvis

mizniT aucileblobas warmoadgens am istoriul-kulturuli Zeglis

funqcionaluri datvirTva. am amocanis gadasaWrelad saWiroa gatardes

Semdegi RonisZiebebi:

➢ upirveles yovlisa arsebuli turistuli nakadebis SenarCunebis,

xolo SemdgomSi maTi zrdis mizniT unda Catardes moklevadiani

RonisZiebebi, romlebsac win unda uZRodes qalaqis ganviTarebis

generaluri gegmis SemuSaveba;

➢ generaluri gegmis safuZvelze, goris cixis Zvel istoriul

ubanSi (n. lomouris, b. juRaSvilis, a. wereTlis, garsevaniSvilis

quCebze) unda Catardes sarestavracio samuSaoebi: fasadebis

aRdgena Zveli arqiteqturuli stilis dacviT; fasadebisaTvis

sasurvelia gamoyenebuli iqnas Tlili qvebi an Zveli aguris

imiitaciis mqone filebi; aucilebelia gakeTilSobilebuli da

SenarCunebuli iqnas xis aivnebi; unda moxdes quCebisa da

trotuarebis mokirwyvla.

➢ eklesiis mxridan unda moxdes cixeze centraluri amosasvlelis

gaWra; mis mimdebare fiWvnarSi damatebiTi xeebis dargva; dasvenebis

adgilis organizeba; mosasvenebeli skamebis dadgma.

➢ goris cixis mimdebare teritoriaze dasvenebis adgilebis

organizebasTan erTad (ix. wina punqti) unda daidgas msubuqi

konstruqciis kafe-barebi da suvenirebis sarealizacio jixurebi;

158

➢ cixesTan unda aSendes arqiteqturulad lamazi administraciuli

da dacvis Senoba. xolo cixis samxreT mxares aucilebelia

moewyos saCvenebeli lamazi ubani (siRnaRis msgavsad);

➢ esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia cixis

asasvlelTan arsebuli saritualo saxlis sxvagan gadatana;

➢ goris cixis SesasvlelSi da darbazebSi unda ganTavsdes

specialuri maniSnebeli da sainformacio dafebi, sadac mocemuli

iqneba cixis Sesaxeb arsebuli istoriuli informacia (Sesabamisi

wyaroebiT), aseve arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegebi;

➢ goris cixis wylis Zvel rezervuarSi unda ganTavsdes

eTnografiuli muzeumi. am rezervuarSi mciredi rekonstruqciis

Sedegad unda moewyos sagamofeno darbazi, sadac unda moxdes

eTnografiuli muzeumis eqsponatebis ganTavseba;

➢ aucilebelia goris cixis mimdebare teritoriis mowesrigeba da

keTilmowyoba, rac gulisxmobs mTeli teritoriis dasufTavebas

(moicavs Zveli wylis rezervuars da cxrakaraze Casasvlel

biliks); aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens sakmao raodenobiT

nagvis urnebis ganTavseba da sapirfareSoebis mowyoba;

➢ goris cixis mimdebare teritoriaze aucileblad unda

ganxorcieldes qonebis gamijvna; mesakuTreebis dadgena, raTa

moxdes investoris mosazidad Sesabamisi SeTavazebis momzadeba.

i. b. stalinis muzeumSi turistuli nakadebis gasazrdelad,

aucilebelia Seiqmnas turistebisaTvis yovelmxriv xelsayreli garemo:

➢ mowesrigdes muzeumis fasadi;

➢ muzeumis koSkze unda Caisvas minebi;

➢ moewyos muzeumis ezo da mowesrigdes qvafenili;

➢ turistebisaTvis moewyos sapirfareSo;

➢ muzeumis moednis ukana mxares moewyos sabWoTa periodis

stilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli interieri da kafe-bari;

➢ saeqsponato darbazebSi mizanSewonilad migvaCnia dasavenebeli

savarZlebis ganTavseba;

159

➢ muzeumis erT-erT darbazSi unda ganTavsdes cnobili moRvaweebis

eqsponatebi.

A am RonisZiebebis Catareba gacilebiT ufro mimzidvels da sainteresos

gaxdis turistebisaTvis goris cixes, radganac maT miecemaT ara marto

qalaqisa da Zeglis istoriis ukeT gacnobis saSualeba, aramed eTnografiuli

eqsponatebis sakuTari TvaliT xilvis SesaZlebloba. Sedegad aucileblad

gaizrdeba am Zeglis mimarT interesi da, Sesabamisad, goris cixeze

turistebisa da damTvaliereblebis nakadi.

gorijvari aris q, gorTan axlos mdebare istoriuli adgili, romlis

qalaqidan danaxuli xedi saocrad mimzidvelia turistebisaTvis,

gansakuTrebiT piligrimuli turiT dainteresebulTaTvis. Aamdenad roca

ganvixilavT gors, aucileblad unda ganvixiloT gorijvaric. Ggorijvaris

turistuli potencialis gazrdisaTvis aucilebelia gatardes Semdegi

RonisZiebebi:

➢ qalaqis xedis mxares Wogritis dayeneba, raTa garkveuli safasuris (mag.,

liTonis erTlariani) gadaxdiT mnaxvelebma SeZlon qalaqis, md.

liaxvisa da mtkvaris SesarTavis, ufliscixis samonastro kompleqsis,

agreTve sxva lamazi sanaxaobebis daTvaliereba; Semosuli Tanxebi ki

moxmardes eklesiisa da misi mimdebare teritoriis keTilmowyobas;

➢ ukiduresad aucilebelia eklesiis SesasvlelTan arsebuli Sesawiris

(sasaklaos) moSorebiT gadatana da iq arsebuli usiamovno garemos

mowesrigeba;

➢ gorijvris gzis mimarTulebiT monakveTze saWiroa gzis orenovani

(qarTuli-inglisuri) maCveneblis dayeneba;

➢ saWiroa gorijvarTan misasvleli gzis mowesrigeba, misi zeda fenis

moxreSva, xolo qveda nawilebis SekeTeba. SesaZlebelia sruliad axali

asasvleli gzis gayvanac gorakis ukiduresi marjvena mxridan.

Kkurorti gorijvari, rogorc damsveneblebis gantvirTvisa da dasvenebis

saukeTeso saSualeba, qalaqTan siaxlovis gamo aucileblad unda iqnas

gamoyenebuli turistuli daniSnulebis miznebisaTvis.Mmisi realurad

amoqmedebis saSualebad ki Cven gvesaxeba kurortis mesakuTreebisaTvis

160

investorebis moZiebaSi aqtiuri daxmareba. Kkurort gorijvris realurad

amoqmedebisaTvis saWiroa gatardes Semdegi RonisZiebebi:

➢ investorTa daintereseba kurortiT da am TvalsazrisiT

mepatronisaTvis mxardaWeris gaweva;

➢ sakomunikacio infrastruqturis miyvana kurortis mimdebare

teritoriamde;

➢ gorijvris mimarTulebis gzaze da uSualod kurortTan sainformacio

dafebis ganTavseba;

➢ aucilebelia gorijvarTan misasvleli gzis mowesrigeba, misi zeda

fenis moxreSva, xolo qveda nawilebis SekeTeba. SesaZlebelia

sruliad axali asasvleli gzis gayvanac gorakis ukiduresi marjvena

mxridan.

turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali md. tanas xeobaSi, sadac kargad aris

warmodgenili bunebrivi da kulturul-arqiteqturuli Zeglebis harmoniulad

SeTavsebuli urTierToba. am xeobaSi didi potencialia ganviTardes turizmis

Semdegi saxeobebis mimarTulebebi:

➢ Rvinis turizmi;

➢ piligrimuli turizmi;

➢ kulturuli turizmi;

➢ soflis turizmi;

➢ ekoturizmi;

➢ samkurnalo turizmi;

➢ kempingi, qaravaningi;

➢ saTavgadasavlo turizmi;

➢ eqstremaluri turizmi

amisaTvis aucilebelia xeobaSi moewyos turistuli kompleqsi, saidanac

moxdeba turistuli mimarTulebebis ganxorcielebis organizeba

zemoTxsenebuli saxeobebis mixedviT. turistuli kompleqsis mowyobaSi

moiazreba sastumros tipis ganTavsebis adgilebi da kempingebi, risTvisac

goris municipalitetis mier unda gamoiyos Sesabamisi teritoria.

161

kempingis ganviTarebis kuTxiT saWiroa ganxorcieldes Semdegi saxis

samuSaoebi:

➢ municipalitetis mier saWiro teritoriis gamoyofa, romelic mudmivad

mzad iqneba kemperebis misaRebad;

➢ kempingis adgilebis SerCevisa da keTilmowyobis Semdgom saWiroa maTi

aRniSvna municipalitetis kulturul rukaze da aseve, Sesabamisi

niSnebis (kempingis adgilis aRmniSvneli) centralur magistralebze

ganTavseba;

➢ kempingis siaxloves sasurvelia iyos sasursaTo maRazia an kafe-

restorani;

➢ aRniSnuli teritoriis keTilmowyoba, rac gulisxmobs sakempingo

teritoriis denis wyaroTi da sasmeli wliT momaragebas, ganaTebiT

uzrunvelyofas da teritoriaze sveli wertilebis mowyobas.

cnobilia, rom tanas xeobaSi mravali eklesia-monasteria, romelTa

Soris aRsaniSnavia atenis sioni, dedaTa monasteri da mravali sxv. romelic

Tavisi istoriuli da religiuri mniSvnelobiT udides siwmindeebs

warmoadgenen. garda amisa, arsebobs xeobidan md. Zamas xeobaSi gadasasvleli

safexmavlo gza. md. Zamas xeobaSic aseve mravali moqmedi qristianuli Zveli

eklesia-monasteri mdebareobs da am mxriv tanas xeoba momlocvelobiTi

(piligrimuli) turizmiT dainteresebul pirebs Zalian mimzidvel sanaxaobas

hpirdeba. [35]

tanas xeoba gamorCeulia aq gavrcelebuli vazis jiSebiT: ,,atenuriT”,

,,goruli mwvaneTi” da sxv., romlebisganac mzaddeba Sampaniuris Rvino-masala.

aRsaniSnavia, rom xeobaSi arsebobs atenis Rvinis qarxana, romelic Zalian

mimzidvelia dainteresebul pirTaTvis. [35]

aRsaniSnavia, rom tanas xeobaSi, sofel biisSi arsebobs samkurnalo

turizmis mimarTulebis ganviTarebisaTvis gogirdovani wylebis resursi.

marTalia, samwuxarod, dResdReisobiT iq infrastruqtura moSlilia, magram

investorebis moZiebis da Sesabamisi investiciebis ganxorcielebis (wylis

debetis, geografiuli mdebareobis da iq arsebuli sufTa haeris

gaTvaliswinebiT) SemTxvevaSi sofel biiss Tavisi monacemebiT aqvs

162

SesaZlebloba qveynis masStabiT gadaiqces samkurnalo turizmis erT-erT

Zlier centrad.

tanas xeobaSi aris erT-erTi unikaluri CanCqeri, romelic zamTarSi

iyineba da warmoiqmneba yinulovani klde, romelic did interess iwvevs

mekldeurTa, mTasvlelTa da eqstremaluri turizmiT dainteresebul pirebSi.

aRniSnul yinulze yovelwliurad imarTeba Sesabamisi mini-turebi.

amrigad, tanas xeobas didi potenciali gaaCnia eqstremaluri turizmis,

mekldeurebis da mTasvlelebis gulis mosagebad. Sesabamisad popularizaciis

SemTxvevaSi sruliad SesaZlebelia am mimarTulebiT turistTa nakadebis

gazrda, risTvisac aucilebelia Semdegi RonisZiebebis gatareba:

➢ aucilebelia srulad aRiweros tanas xeobaSi arsebuli

kulturul-istoriuli da sxva turistuli obieqtebi, moxdes maTi

rukaze datana, xolo es informacia unda ganTavsdes xeobis gzis

gaswvriv sainformacio abrebis saxiT. agreTve daibeWdos es

informacia da gavrceldes Sesabamisi bukletebisa da broSurebis

saxiT goris turistul sainformacio centrebSi da tanas xeobaSi

arsebul turistul kompleqsSi;

➢ sagzao infrastruqturis mowesrigeba atenis sionidan boSuramde;

➢ xeobis gazificireba;

➢ atenis sionamde gare ganaTebis sistemis mowyoba;

➢ turistuli sainformacio niSnebis mowyoba;

➢ moewyos turistuli bilikebi tanas xeobaSi arsebul turistul

obieqtebamde da datanil iqnas es informacia Sesabamis rukebze da

xeobis gzamkvlevze.

xeobis turistuli infrastruqturis srulyofisaTvis gamiznuli zemoT

CamoTvlili RonisZiebebi TavisTavad ligikurad, naTlad avlens Casatarebel

RonisZiebaTa pirveladobis da Tanmimdevrulobis SesaZlo variantebs.

turizmis ganviTarebis potenciali ufliscixis mimarTulebiT

ufliscixis mimarTuleba erT-erTi yvelaze gamorCeuli da saintereso

turistuli marSrutia. igi Tavisi unikalurobiT – ufliscixis istoriul-

arqiteqturuli ZegliT izidavs uamrav damTvalierebelsa da turists. es

163

marSruti moicavs: qvaxvrelis kldeSi nakveT kviracxovlis eklesias, yvavebis

saydars, yaTlanis xevis da saliZvlis namosaxlarebs, RvTismSoblis eklesias

da sxva istoriul Zeglebs. sruliad SesaZlebelia am marSrutis metad

datvirTva, risTvisac aucilebelia Semdegi RonisZiebebis gatareba:

➢ vinaidan marSruti moicavs sxvadsxva mimarTulebiT ganfenil mraval

istoriul Zegls da erT dReSi maTi monaxuleba SeuZlebelia, amitom,

aucilebelia, pirvel rigSi, Sesabamisi turistuli infrastruqturis

mowyoba, rac gulisxmobs dsastumros mSeneblobas da dasvenebis

zonis zonis keTilmowyobas, kempingis mowyobas ufliscixis

istoriul-arqiteqturuli muzeum-nakrZalis mimdebare teritoriaze,

rac mogvcems saSualebas aq Seiqmnas aRniSnuli marSrutis centri.

➢ aucilebelia muzeum-nakrZalamde misasvleli centraluri

magistralis ganaTeba;

➢ unda moxdes uSualod ufliscixis Zeglis dekoratiuli ganaTeba, rac

karg vizualur da sareklamo efeqts Seqmnis turistebisaTvis.;

➢ ufliscixis turistuli marSruti iZleva saTevzao – md. mtkvrisa da

nadarbazevis tbis siaxlovis gamo da saTavgadasavlo turizmis

ganviTarebis saSualebas;

➢ radgan aq Zalian didi potenciali arsebobs arqeologiuri gaTxrebis

TvalsazrisiT, amitom arqeologiiT dainteresebuli turistebis

mosazidad aucilebelia aRdges arqeologiuri gaTxrebi;

➢ unda moxdes agroturizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba. amisaTvis

aucilebelia dainergos saojaxo sastumroebis standartebi, soflis

mosaxleobas unda Cautardes treningebi, Tu rogor unda moawyon

saojaxo sastumroebi agroturizmiT dainteresebuli turistebis

misaRebad da gansaTavseblad ise, rom GgaTvaliswinebuli hqondeT

adgilobrivi stumar-maspinZloba da tradiciebi.

goris municipalitetSi turizmis infrastruqturaSi arsebuli

problemebis warmosaCenad, Cven SevecadeT mogvexdina municipalitetis, rogorc

erTiani organizmis SWOT analizi, anu misi Zlieri dasusti mxareebis

identifikacia, agreTve SevecadeT gangvesazRvra SesaZleblobebi, perspeqtivebi

164

da mosalodneli safrTxeebi. yovelive aman SesaZlebeli gaxada mogvexdina

municipalitetSi turizmis ganviTarebis miznebisa da prioritetebis

formulireba, imis gaTvaluswinebiT, rom dasaxuli qmedebebi mimarTuli

yofiliyo susti mxareebis aRmofxvrasa da savaraudo safrTxeebis

ganeitralebaze. amitomac SevecadeT, rom SWOT analizi yovlismomcveli

yofiliyo.

Zlieri mxareebi – S

• municipalitetis xelsayreli

geografiuli mdebareoba

(dedaqalaqTan da saerTaSoriso

saavtomobilo magistralTan

siaxlove da xelsayrel

satransporto gzajvaredinze

mdebaroeba);

• stalinis dabadebis adgilis da

Sesabamisad misi saxl-muzeumis

gorSi mdebareoba;

• erovnuli mniSvnelobis

kulturuli da istoriuli

Zeglebis simravle da

rekreaciuli resursebis

mravalferovneba;

• mdidari bunebrivi resursebi:

mdinareebi, tbebi, lamazi

landSafti, bio-mravalferovneba,

Termuli wylebi da nayofieri

niadagi;

• ganviTarebuli soflis meurneoba

(meRvineoba, mexileoba-mebaReoba

susti mxareebi _ W

• turistuli infrastruqturis

simwire (sastumroebis

simwire, kvebis obieqtebis

aradamakmayofilebeli

standartebi da momsaxurebis

dabali done);

• komfliqtur zonasTan

siaxlove (cxinvalidan

goramde 28 km-ia);

• SezRuduli adgilobrivi

finansuri da ucxouri

investiciebi.

• turistuli momsaxurebis

arqona (turistuli

sainformacio centris

muSaobis gaumjobeseba,

municipalitetis turistuli

gzamkvlevebi, araa

SemuSavebuli konkretuli

turistuli marSrutebi);

• kvalificiuri kadrebis

simwire (Sesabamisi

165

da mesaqonleoba);

• gamarTuli sagzao

infrastruqtura;

• adgilobrivi mosaxleobis

stumarTmoyvareoba;

• saSualo da umaRlesi ganaTlebis

dawesebulebebis arseboba (rac

saSualebas iZleva gadamzaddes

turizmis sferoSi dasaqmebuli

kadrebi).

kvalifikaciis mqone gidebis

arasakmarisi raodenoba);

• q. gorSi goris cixis Zveli

ubnis nagebobaTa ukiduresad

cudi fizikuri mdgomareoba

(amortizacia);

• q. gorSi saproeqto-

samSeneblo normativebis ar

arseboba da Seusabamo

mSeneblobebi;

SesaZleblobebi _ OO

• municipalitetSi sxvadasxva saxis

turizmis ganviTareba;

• municipalitetis turistuli

marSrutis centrad Camoyalibeba;

• turizmisa da masTan

dakavSirebuli saqmianobebis

ganviTarebis gziT

municipalitetis popularizacia

da Sedegad adgilobrivi da

ucxouri investiciebisaTvis

mimzidveli garemos Seqmna;

• adgilobrivi wvrili samewarmeo

saqmianobis ganviTareba (xelnakeTi

nivTebisa da suvenirebis warmoeba-

realizeba);

• municipalitetis social-

ekonomikuri mdgomareobis

gaumjobeseba da siRaribisa da

safrTxeebi _ T

• konfliqtur regionSi

mdgomareobis daZabva;

• turistTa didi nakadebis

Sedegad garemos dabinZureba

da ekologiuri mdgomareobis

gauareseba;

• istoriul-kulturuli

memkvidreobis degradacia da

dakargva;

• q. goris istoriul ubanSi

qaoturi mSeneblobebi da

istoriul-arqiteqturuli

stilis darRveva;

• araprofesiuli midgoma

(saproeqto praqtikis dabali

done da dabali

kvalifikaciis kadrebis

monawileoba istoriul

166

umuSevrobis donis Semcireba. ubnebis reabilitaciaSi);

• ekonomikuri uTanasworobis

gazrda da periferiuli

dasaxlebebis izolacia.

goris municipalitetSi Catarebulma kvlevam da SWOT analizma

gamoavlina turistuli infrastruqturis srulyofis mizniT

gansaxorcielebeli politikis aqtualuri mimarTulebebi. miRebuli Sedegebi

mniSvnelovania im mxriv, rom igi SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos turizmis

ganviTarebis SesamuSavebel qmedebaTa gegmas.

turistuli infrastruqturis reabilitaciisaTvis gasatarebeli

RonisZiebebi – turizmis infrastruqtura garkveuli sirTulis funqciuri

sistemaa. es sistema moicavs mravali saxis da sxvadasxva sirTulis Semcvel

komponentebs, romelTa Soris drosa da sivrceSi xorcieldeba SerCeviTi

funqciurad gaaqtiurebuli kavsirebi. sistemis komponentebis srulyofa

uzrunvelyofs TviT sistemis erTian ganviTarebad efeqtur da momgebian

muSaobas. am komponentTa ricxvi mravalia, magaliTad ganTavsebis saSualebebi,

sastumroebi, otelebi, kempingebi, saojaxo sastumroebi, satransporto

saSualebebi, sazogadoebrivi kvebis obieqtebi, garTobis, sportuli,

samkurnalo, religiur-sakulto, SemecnebiTi, saqmiani da sxva daniSnulebis

organizaciebis, turoperatoruli da turagenturuli saqmianobiT dakavebuli,

aseve turistul-saeqskursio da gid-Tarjimnebis momsaxurebis mimwodebeli

organizaciebis erToblioba, romlebic uzrunvelyofen turistuli

infrastruqturis gamarTul musaobas, turistebis xarisxian da operatiul

momsaxurebas.

aRniSnuli momsaxurebis efeqtianobis gasaumjobeseblad goris

municipalitetSi aucilebelia ganxorcieldes Semdegi RonisZiebebi:

• aucilebelia qalaqSi arsebuli gasarTobi centrebisa da dasvenebis

adgilebis (parkebis, skverebis, kinoTeatrebis da sakoncerto

darbazebis) keTilmowyoba;

167

• gorSi aSendes Sesabamisi standartebis mqone sastumroebi da moxdes

kerZo pirebis daintereseba saojaxo sastumroebis mosawyobad. vinaidan

gori unda gaxdes turistuli marSutis erT-erTi centri, saidanac

moxdeba turistebis ganawileba aramarto goris, aramed Sida qarTlis

sxva municipalitetebis saeqskursio marSrutebze sxvadasxva

mimarTulebiT, pirvel etapze aucilebelia swored turisტebis

ganTavsebisaTvis Sesabamisi infrastruqturis Seqmna.

• aucliebelia qalaqSi sazogadoebrivi sapirfareSoebis mowyoba;

• qalaqis SesasvlelTan da centralur ubnebSi aucilebelia ganTavsdes

qalaqisa da municipalitetis ruka, romelzec naCvenebi iqneba yvela

RirSesaniSnavi turistuli obieqtebi, maTze misasvleli gzebi;

• avtosadgurze, rkinigzis sadgurze da municipaluri transportis

gaCerebis adgilebze aucilebelia ganTavsdes turistebisaTvis

transportis ganrigisa da mimarTulebis maCvenebeli dafebi;

• xeli Seewyos iseTi dasasvenebli adgilis Seqmnas, sadac SesaZlebeli

iqneba Camosuli turistebisaTvis internet-momsaxurebis

xelmisawvdomoba;

• aucilebelia municipalitetSi arsebul turistul obieqtebamde

misasvleli gzebis reabilitacia da keTilmowyoba;

• grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi mniSvnelovania da aucilebelia tanas

xeobidan borjomSi gadasasvleli gzis reabilitacia. aRniSnuli gza

ara marto daakavSirebs borjomisa da walkis turistul zonebs,

aramed iqneba alternatiuli gza;

• municipalitetSi arsebuli goris universitetisa da prof-

saswavleblebis bazaze sasurvelia moxdes turizmis industriaSi

momuSave kadrebis momzadeba-gadamzadeba.

turistebis metad dainteresebisa da mozidvisaTvis aucilebelia aqtiuri

sainformacio piar kampaniis warmoeba, rac udaod gazrdis goris

municipalitetis farglebSi turizmis popularizacias. cudad dagegmilma da

araTanmimdevrulma piar kampaniam SeiZleba ukuSedegi gamoiRos. aseTi, apriori

ukuSedegis Tavidan asacileblad aucilebelia goris sainformacio centris

168

maRalkvalificiuri da profesionali kadrebiT dakompleqteba da goris

municipalitetis popularizacia. centris upirvelesi amocana iqneba ufro

popularuli da informaciuli gaxados municipalitetSi arsebuli istoriul-

kulturuli Zeglebi da sxv.

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom dasavleT saqarTvelodan goris

municipalitetSi Semosuli turistebi, goris marSrutebis daTvalierebisa da

dasvnebis Semdeg, aseve detalurad aRnusxuli da momzadebuli marSrutebiT

gaemgzavron qarelis, xaSurisa da kaspis RirsSesaniSnaobebis

dasaTvaliereblad.

qvemoT gTavazobT aRniSnuli municipalitetebis turistuli marSrutebis

daxasiaTebas, saojaxo sastumroebSi 1-2 dRiT ganTavsebiT da adgilobrivi

nakeTobebis (suvenirebis) turistebisaTvis SeTavazebiT. amis Semdeg,

survilisamebr turistebi gaemgzavron mcxeTaSi da Semdeg TbilisSi. aseve

Tbilisidan wamosuli turistebs turoperatorebma unda SesTavazon Sida

qarTlis saintereso marSrutebi, rac aamaRlebs koordinaciis xarisxs

dedaqalaqSi moqmed turistul saagentoebsa da Sida qarTlSi arsebuli

turistuli obieqtebis warmomadgenlebs Soris.

Kkaspis municipalitetSi, romelic mdidaria RirsSesaniშnaobebiT,

adamianisa da bunebis mier Seqmnili Sesaniშnavi ZeglebiT, turizmi SeiZleba

ganviTaredes Semdegi mimarTulebebiT:

• samkurnalo turizmi;

• eko-turizmi;

• agroturizmi;

• sacxenosno turizmi;

• kulturuli turizmi;

• Rvinis turizmi;

• religiuri turizmi;

• sasoflo turizmi.

kaspis municipalitetSi misi RirsSesaniSnaobebidan gamomdinare

gamoikveTa ori ZiriTadi turistuli marSruti. aRsaniSnavia, rom aRniSnuli

169

teritoriuli marSrutebisaTvis aucilebelia mTeli rigi moklevadiani Tu

grZelvadiani RonisZiebebis Catareba, romelic xels Seuwyobs turistebis

xarisxian momsaxurebas.

I turistuli marSruti - kaspis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi – turistebis

mosazidad aucilebelia Semdegi RonisZiebebis გatareba:

• moewyos muzeumis ezo da mowesrigdes Sesasvleli;

• mowesrigdes muzeumis fasadi;

• turistebisTvis moewyos sapirfareSo:

• muzeumis ukana mxares moewyos kafe-bari;

• sasurvelia suvenirebis maRaziis mowyoba.

general giorgi mazniaSvilis saxl-muzeumi – mosawesrigebelia sagzao

infrastruqtura, ar aris sapirfareSo turistebisaTvis, Senoba saWiroebs

remonts. sasurvelia turistebisaTvis kvebis obieqtis mowyoba da suvenirebis

maRazia. ivane javaxiSvilis saxl – muzeumi – mosawesrigebelia

infrastuqtura.

metexis RvTismSoblis taZris kompleqsi - samonastro kompleqsi kaspis

municipalitetis sofel metexSi. RvTismSoblis taZari jvar-gumbaTovani

nagebobaa, TariRdeba XIII saukuniT. nagebia kargad damuSavebuli bazaltis

kvadrebiT. fasadebSi CarTulia mwvane feris qvebic. Sesasvleli ori aqvs -

samxreTidan da dasavleTidan. orive Signidan TaRovania, garedan - oTxkuTxa.

gumbaTi aRmarTulia afsidis kedlebsa da dasavleTis wyvil burjze.

turistebis mosazidad aucilebelia gatardes Semdegi saxis RonisZiebebi:

• damontaJdes taZramde misasvlel gzaze or enovani (qarTuli-inglisuri)

abrebi, rogorc qarTveli, aseve ucxoeli turustebisaTvis;

• rogorc kompleqsis Sida, asve gare teritoriaze infrastruqturis

mowesrigeba, sazogadoebrivi sapirfareSos aSeneba;

• gidebis (maTSoris ucxoenovanis) arseboba;

• turistebisaTvis kvebis obieqtis mowyoba da gare perimetris ganaTeba.

II turistuli marSruti: samTavisis eklesia - Sua saukuneebis qarTuli

marTlmadidebluri jvar-gumbaTovani taZari, dgas kaspis municipalitetis

170

sofel samTavisSi, mdinare lexuris marcxena napirze. taZramde misasvleli

gza mosaasfaltebelia, saWiroa gare ganaTebis da nagvis urnebis montaJi.

teritoriaze ar arsebobs kvebis obieqti da suvenirebis maRazia

turistebisaTvis.

wminda ninos eklesia - eklesia kaspis municipalitetis sofel aRaianis

samxreT-aRmosavleTiT or kilometrze, TxoTis mTaze. TariRdeba VII-VIII

saukuneebiT. saWiroa sagzao infrastruqturis mowesrigeba da turistebisaTvis

minimaluri pirobebis Seqmna.

erTawmindis taZris kompleqsi - wminda evstaTis (estates) saxelobis XIII

saukunis pirveli naxevris es jvargumbaTovani taZari dgas kaspis

municipalitetis sofel erTawmindis centrSi. Tlili qviT nagebi didi

eklesiis gumbaTi or Tavisuflad mdgar burjsa da bemis kuTxeebs eyrdnoba.

sakurTxevlis orive mxares or sarTulad ganlagebuli kuTxis oTaxebia. [35]

qvaTaxevis kompleqsi - XII-XIII saukuneebis qarTuli monasteri.

mdebareobs qarTlSi, kaspis municipalitetis sofel winarexidan 5 km-ze, md.

kavTuris saTavesTan. qvaTaxevis samonastro kompleqsSi Sedis mTavari taZari,

satrapezo, koSki da senakebi. [35] qvaTaxevis komleqsi gamoirCeva unikaluri

istoriuli RirebulebiT da bunebis silamaziT, Tumca srulyofilad ar aris

aTvisebuli misi turistuli potenciali. kompleqsi saWiroebs misasvleli

gzis mowesrigebas, ganaTebas, agreTve teritoriaze ar arsebobs kvebis obieqti,

suvenirebis maRazia, saWiroa sazogadoebrivi sapirfareSos mowyoba.

kompleqsis teritoriaze sasurvelia moewyos sakempinge adgili

turstebisaTvis.

rkonis kompleqsi - qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis Zegli, samonastro

kompleqsi kaspis municipalitetSi, sofel CaCubeTis midamoebSi, nasoflar

rkonis teritoriaze. TeZmis xeobis zeda nawilSi. rkonis kompleqsSi Sedis:

RvTismSoblis eklesia, karibWe, egvteri, samlocvelo, satrapezo, koSki,

samreklo, naTlismcemlis eklesia karibWiT da xidi. rkonis kompleqsi

mniSvnelovani turistuli daniSnulebis adgilia kaspis municipalietSi. [35]

gamoirCeva unikaluri xuroTmoZRvrebiT da bunebiT. teritoria saukeTeso

adgilia turistebisaTvis, rogorc kulturuli TvalsazrisiT, aseve

171

sakempinge, safexmavlo, sacxenosno da eqstremaluri turizmisaTvis. rkonis

kompleqsi saWiroebs misasvleli gzis reabilitacias, turistebisaTvis

mowesrigebuli infrastruqturis, kvebis obieqtis da suvenirebis maRaziis

mowyobas.

imisaTvis, rom ukeT gasagebi yofiliyo kaspis municipalitetSi turizmis

winaSe arsebuli problemebi, SevecadeT mogvexdina municipalitetis, rogorc

erTiani organizmis SWOT analizi, anu misi Zlieri da susti mxareebis

identifikacia da gangvesazRvra SesaZleblobebi da mosalodneli safrTxeebi.

am analizidan SesaZlebeli gaxda municipalitetSi turizmis ganviTarebis

miznebisa da prioritetebis formulireba. garda amisa, dasaxuli qmedebebi

unda iTvaliswinebdes sust mxareebsa da safrTxeebs, maTi aRmofxvrisa da

ganeitralebis RonisZiebebs. amitomac SevecadeT, rom SWOT analizi

yovlismomcveli yofiliyo. qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi warmodgenilia

municipalitetis SWOT analizi turizmis TvalsazrisiT.


• kaspis municipalitetis

xelsayreli geografiuli

mdebareoba (dedaqalaqTan da

saerTaSoriso saavtomobilo

magistralTan siaxlove);





mravalferovneba;


mdinareebi, lamazi landSafti,

bio-mravalferovneba, Termuli

wylebi da nayofieri niadagi;

susti mxareebi _ W


siaxlove;


satransporto periferiuli







dabali done);


turistuli da sarekriacio

SesaZleblobebis

172



da mesaqonleoba);

• gamarTuli sagzao

infrastruqtura;


stumarTmoyvareoba;


ekosistemebis

nairsaxeoba;



kerebis simravle;

Seuswavleloba;


arqona (turistuli

sainformacio centris arqona,

municipalitetis turistuli

gzamkvlevebi, araa

SemuSavebuli konkretuli

turistuli marSrutebi);



investiciebi.


simwire (Sesabamisi



• q. kaspis ganviTarebis

generaluri gegmis

ararseboba;

• ganadgurebuli

infrastruqturis obieqtebi;

• dazianebuli kulturuli

Zeglebi da obieqtebi;

SesaZleblobebi _ O


sarekriacio-turistuli

potencialis kompleqsuri

Seswavla da misi

optimaluri gamoyenebisaTvis

rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba;

safrTxeebi _ T






gauareseba;

173

• kaspis municipalitetSi sxvadasxva

saxis turizmis ganviTareba

(municipalitetis geografiuli

mdebareoba, istoriul-kulturuli



mravalferovneba iZleva

SesaZleblobas turizmi

warimarTos mravali

mimarTulebebiT;


axali obieqtebis sapiloto

proeqtebis damuSaveba;



ganviTarebis gziT








realizeba);

• kaspis municipalitetis social-

ekonomikuri mdgomareobis

gaumjobeseba da siRaribisa da

umuSevrobis donis Semcireba;


sakurorto - turistul



dakargva;

• turizmis calkeuli

segmentebis araTanmimdevruli,

qaoturi ganviTareba;



done da dabali



ubnebis reabilitaciaSi);



dasaxlebebis izolacia;

• araxelsayreli ekonomikuri

viTareba.

174

kompleqsze da mis calkeul

saintereso obieqtebze

internetgverdis, sareklamo

rgolebis momzadeba da

gavrceleba;

• turistuli obieqtebis

marSrutizireba.

amgvarad, kaspis municipalitetis mimarT Catarebulma SWOT analizma

gamoavlina turituli infrastruqturis ganviTarebis mizniT

gansaxorcielebeli politikis aqtualuri da udaod saintereso

mimarTuleebebi. am kuTxiT jer-jerobiT auTvisebeli da aumoqmedebeli

mniSvnelovani turistuli potenciali da realurad mosalodneli safrTxeebi.

qarelis municipalitetSi, romelic mdidaria RirsSesaniშnaobebiT,

adamianisa da bunebis mier Seqmnili Sesaniშnavi ZeglebiT, turizmi SeiZleba

ganviTaredes Semdegi mimarTulebebiT:

• eko-turizmi;

• agroturizmi;

• eqstremaluri turizmi;

• sakurorto turizmi;

• Rvinis turizmi;

• religiuri turizmi.

qarelis municipaliteti mdidaria istoriuli, arqeologiuri,

materialur- kulturuli ZeglebiT, romelTagan umravlesoba eklesia

monastrebi da patara saydrebia. qarelis municipalitetSi misi

RirsSesaniSnaobebidan gamomdinare gamoikveTa ori ZiriTadi turistuli

marSruti. aRsaniSnavia, rom aRniSnuli teritoriuli marSrutebisaTvis

aucilebelia mTeli rigi mokle Tu grZelvadiani RonisZiebebis Catareba,

romelic xels Seuwyobs turistebis xarisxian momsaxurebas.

sofeli ruisi mdebareobs Sida qarTlis vakeze, centralur

175

saavtomobilo gzaze zRvis donidan 670 metrze, raionuli centridan 7 km.-ze.

ruisi qarTlis erT-erTi wamyvani eparqiis centri iyo, igi did rols

TamaSobda qveynis sulier da kulturul cxovrebaSi, ruisi rogorc eparqiis

centri pirvelad moxseniebulia me-V saukuneSi, Semdgom 1103 wlis ruis-

urbnisis saeklesio krebis ZeglisweraSi. sofelSi mdebareobs mravali

mniSvnelovani kulturuli Zegli, maTgan mniSvnelovania soflis centrSi

mdebare RvTismSoblis taZris kompleqsi, kompleqsSi Sedis:

RTismSoblis jvar-gumbaTovani taZari, romelSic gairCeva ramdenime

samSeneblo fena, romelTagan uZvelesi VIII-IX ss. ganekuTvneba. ruisSi

mdebareobs agreTve xarebis saxelobis taZari (adr. feod. xana), wm. demetres

taZari (feodaluri xana). RvTismSoblis taZari (Zveli feodaluri xana).

kviracxovlobis eklesia (XVII-XIXs).

urbnisi mdebareobs municipalitetis centridan 10 km.-is moSorebiT,

sofeli gaSenebulia Sua saukuneebis urbnisis naqalaqaris teritoriaze,

rogorc arqeologiuri gaTxrebi amtkicebs urbnisis aTviseba xalxma jer

kidev Zv.w. aR. - is II-I aTaswleulSi daiwyo. urbnisis mSvenebaa wm. stefanes

saxelobis samnaviani bazilika, urbnisis sionad wodebuli. taZris CrdiloeT

fasadze arsebuli asomTavruli warwerebi V-VI ss.-iT TariRdeba.31

yinwvisis samonastro kompleqsi qarelidan daaxloebiT 13 km. manZilze

Zamis ulamazes xeobaSi, sofel yinwvisTan mdebareobs. kompleqsi Sedgeba

ramdenime nagebobisagan. mTavar nagebobas warmoadgens wm. nikolozis

saxelobis centralurgumbaTovani taZari, romelic XII-XIII saukuneebis mijniT

TariRdeba. sofeli samwevrisi mdebareobs mtkvris marjvena napirze, raionuli

centridan daSorebulia 4,5 km.-iT, soflis siZveles adasturebs sofelSi

mdgari wminda jvris eklesia, romelic VII saukunis I naxevriT TariRdeba.

jvris monasterSi amJamad mamaTa, xolo cixe-darbazSi dedaTa monasteria.

gugomis (qozifas) xuroTmoZRvruli kompleqsi - mdebareobs Zamas xeobis

siRrmeSi, zRvis donidan 1400m.–ze. mTeli kompleqsi, romelSic 5 eklesia

Sedis ganlagebulia maRlob adgilas Suagul tyeSi. sarkis wm. giorgis sax.

monasteri - qarelidan daaxloebiT 12 km. manZilze samxreTiT, TrialeTis

31 http://www.shidakartli.gov.ge

http://www.shidakartli.gov.ge/

176

qedis CrdiloeT ferdobze tyis SuagulSi mdebareobs sarkis ulamazesi

monasteri. amJamadac moqmedebs mamaTa monasteri. dirbis RvTismSoblis taZris

kompleqsi – mdebareobs sof. dirbSi raionuli centridan aRmosavleTiT 16 km.

manZilze. sof. dirbSi aris agreTve ramdenime eklesia- monasteri: wm. giorgis

zedajvris eklesia (Xs.), wm. giorgis eklesia (ganv. feod. xana), yvelawmindis

eklesia (XIXs.). [35]

qarelis municipalitetis teritoriaze mdebareobs ramdenime tba,

romelic mniSvnelovania, ekoturizmis, agroturizmis, sakempinge da

dasasvenebeli turizmis ganviTarebisTvis. maTgan aRsaniSnavia bateTis

bunebrivi tba, oqrosoflisa da bebnisis xelovnuri tbebi. bateTis tba - md.

Zamas xeobis siRrmeSi, qarelis raionuli centridan daaxloebiT 23 km.–is

daSorebiT. md. Zamas marjvena napirze, wiflnar- TxilnariT Semosili

ferdobiT garSemortymul adgilze mdebareobs. igi mdebareobs zRvis donidan

1313 m. simaRleze. farTobi 2.65 ha. siRrme daaxloebiT 10-12 m. binadroben

amfibiebi da iSviaTi jiSis tritonebi. SesaZlebelia ekoturizmis, sakempinge

dasasvenebeli turizmis ganviTareba. bebnisis ori tba - mdebareobs raionul

centrSi. qarelTan 1 km.–Si, sof. bebnisis teritoriaze. tbebi aris xelovnuri

warmoSobis. erTi tbis farTobia 7.34 ha. xolo meore – 4.9 ha. siRrme

daaxloebiT 5-6 m.–ia. SesaZlebelia gasarTobi, sanaosno, daivingis, saTevzao

da dasasvenebeli turizmis ganviTareba. oqrosoflis xelovnuri tba -

raionuli centridan 12-13 km.–s manZilzea, farTobiT 1.36 ha. siRrme 3-4 m. tba

garSemortymulia tyiT, SesaZlebelia dasasvenebeli, sakempinge turizmis

ganviTareba. [35]

saukeTeso adgilebi qarelis municipalitetSi turistuli

infrastruqturis mosawyobad aris: md. xvedurulas xeoba e.w. wiTeli qvebis

CanCqeri, bebnisis tba, sof. ZaZvis monastris mimdebare teritoriebi, SoTas

wyaro, bateTis tba, orTubani da sxv.

goris da kaspis minicipalitetebSi Catarebuli SWOT analizis

analogiurad CavatareT qarelis municipalitetSi turizmis winaSe arsebuli

problemebis ukeT Seswavlis mizniT SWOT analizi, anu misi Zlieri da susti

mxareebis identifikacia da SevecadeT gangvesazRvra SesaZleblobebi da

177

mosalodneli safrTxeebi. SWOT analizis Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda

municipalitetSi turizmis ganviTarebis miznebisa da prioritetebis

formulireba, amasTan gaviTvaliswineT dasaxuli miznebis misarwevad susti

mxareebisa da SesaZlo safrTxeebis, maTi aRmofxvrisa da ganeitralebis

saWiro RonisZiebebi. SevecadeT, rom SWOT analizi yovlismomcveli yofiliyo.

qvemoT mocemul cxrilsi warmodgenilia qarelis municipalitetis SWOT

analizi turizmis TvalsazrisiT:


• qarelis municipalitetis

xelsayreli geografiuli

mdebareoba (saerTaSoriso

saavtomobilo magistralTan

siaxlove);





mravalferovneba;


mdinareebi, tbebi, lamazi

landSafti, bio-mravalferovneba,

Termuli wylebi da nayofieri

niadagi;



da mesaqonleoba);


stumarTmoyvareoba;


ekosistemebis

susti mxareebi _ W


siaxlove;

• municipalitetis

satransporto periferiuli







dabali done);

• municipalitetis turistuli

da sarekriacio

SesaZleblobebis

Seuswavleloba;


arqona;



investiciebi.


simwire (Sesabamisi

178

nairsaxeoba;



kerebis simravle;

• municipalitetis teritoriaze

mdebareobs saerTaSoriso da

saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis gzebis

garkveuli monakveTi;



• q. qarelis ganviTarebis

generaluri gegmis

ararseboba;

• dazianebuli kulturuli

Zeglebi da obieqtebi;

SesaZleblobebi _ OO

• sastumro biznesis ganviTarebis

potenciali tbebis siaxloves;

• qarelis municipalitetis

sarekriacio-turistuli

potencialis kompleqsuri

Seswavla da misi

optimaluri gamoyenebisaTvis

rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba;

• qarelis municipalitetSi

sxvadasxva saxis turizmis

ganviTareba;


axali obieqtebis sapiloto

proeqtebis damuSaveba;



ganviTarebis gziT




safrTxeebi _ T






gauareseba;



dakargva;

• turizmis calkeuli

segmentebis araTanmimdevruli,

qaoturi ganviTareba;



done da dabali



ubnebis reabilitaciaSi);



179





realizeba).

dasaxlebebis izolacia;

• araxelsayreli ekonomikuri

viTareba.

qarelis municipalitetis mimarT SWOT analizma gamoavlina turizmis

kuTxiT gansaxorcielebeli politikis aqtualuri mimarTulebebi, jer-

jerobiT aumoqmedebeli potenciali da realuri safrTxeebi. Cveni azriT,

miRebuli Sedegebi mniSvnelovania da igi SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos

turizmis ganviTarebis SesamuSavebel qmedebaTa gegmas.

xaSuris municipaliteti - mdidaria kulturuli memkvidreobiT. aq

daaxloebiT 180 - mde Zeglia dafiqsirebuli. es istoriisa da kulturis

sxvadasxva drois kulturuli memkvidreobis nimuSebia. maT Soris:

xaSuris cixe-koSki - arqiteqturuli Zegli agebulia XVIII ss.-Si.

suramis koSki (sajvare) - arqiteqturuli Zegli mdebareobs itriis

dasavleTiT 100m.-ze. agebulia XVI-XVII ss. - Si. oTkuTxaa (4,45X4,3m.). nagebia

natexi riyis qviT.

suramis cixe - arqiteqturul-istoriuli Zegli mdebareobs dabis

samxreTiT md. suramulas napirze. kompleqsSi Sedis galavani, cixe, wm. giorgis

eklesia, sasaxle. cixe agebulia XII-XIII ss.- Si.32

daba surami - klimaturi tipis kurorti sulfiduri mineraluri wylebiT.

mdebareobs lixis qedis samxreT kalTebze, q. xaSuris Crd-das-iT 4 km.-ze ori

mniSvnelovani gzis gasayarze. zRvis donidan 900-1000 metrze. aq aris lesia

ukrainkas saxelobis saxl-muzeumi, me-11 saukunis istoriuli Zegli „suramis

cixe“ da eklesia. [35]

lesia ukrainkas saxl-muzeumi - istoriuli monumenturi Zegli. larisa

kosaCi (1871-1913) suramSi cxovrobda. amJamad moqmedi saxl-muzeumia, romelic

warmoadgens qarTvel da ukrainel xalxTa saukunebriv megobrobis Zegls.

32 http://www.shidakartli.gov.ge

180

dimitri yifianis saxl-muzeumi - istoriuli Zegli mdebareobs sof.

qviSxeTSi. agebulia XIX-XX ss, saxli orsarTuliania, meore sarTuli

Semkulia xis Wviruli ornamentebiT, 1933 wels saxli gadaeca mweralTa

kavSirs. amJamad iwodeba, rogorc d. yifianis saxl-muzeumi.

wminda marines saxelobis eklesia - eklesia aSenebulia XVI-XVII ss.-Si,

xolo SekeTebulia gvian feodalur xanaSi. darbazulia (10,4X6m.). nagebia riyis

qviTa da aguriT. fasadebze mkafiod Cans didi natexi qviT nawyobi ori

paraleluri sartyeli. kedeli miwidan sartyelamde riyis qvisaa, xolo mis

zemoT natexi qvis. aR. da das. fasadebze sarkmlebs zemoT gamoyvanilia TiTo

jvari.

kviracxovelis eklesia - arqiteqturuli Zegli mdebareobs dabis Crdilo-

dasavleTiT. agebulia 1998 wels. gumbaTovani eklesia samreklo (wminda

giorgis eklesia) - arqiteqturuli. Zegli dgas dabis Crdilo-aRmosavleT

nawilSi. TariRdeba XVIII-XIX ss.

lumbo - alis dasaxlebaSi Semavali sofelia. arqiteqturuli Zegli dgas

mdinare WeraTxevis xeobaSi, sofel alidan 15 km.-zea. ulumbos eklesia

RvTismSoblis saxeliTaa cnobili, Senobis samxreTis Sesasvlelis Tavze

mxedruli warwera migvaniSnebs, rom eklesia 1871 wels aRudgeniaT ulumbos

monastris adgilze. aq axla ulumbos mamaTa monasteria. [35]

qviSxeTi - klimato-balneologiuri kurorti sulfiduri wylis tipiT.

mdebareobs lixis qedis aRmosavleT kalTaze, zRvis donidan 730 metrze,

municipalitetis centridan daSorebulia 10 km.-iT. igi samTo klimaturi

kurortia, mdebareobs mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze, Sefenilia lixis qedze.

igi mTlianad moqceulia wiwvovan-naZvnar da Sereuli tyis SuagulSi. qviSxeTi

odidganve cnobilia sakurorto zonad. qviSxeTSi mdebareobs d. yifianis saxl-

muzeumi. dasvenebis periodia ivnisi, ivlisi da agvisto. teritoriaze mravlad

aris istoriuli mniSvnelobis Zeglebi, eklesiebi.

turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro finansuri resursebis mozidvis gzebi

– Sida qarTlSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro finansuri resursebis

akumulirebisaTvis ori gza gamoikveTa:

181

1. adgilobrivi finansebi – saxelmwifo buijeti da adgilobrivi

TviTmmarTvelobis biujeti;

2. saerTaSoriso safinaso da donori organizaciebidan moziduli

finansebi.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom saqarTvelos centraluri xelisuflebisaTvis

erT-erT uniSvnelovanes prioritets turizmis ganviTareba warmoadgens [15] da,

amasTan es misi kompetenciaa, miuxedavad imisa rom amisTvis arsebobs turizmis

erovnuli administracia, romelsac gaaCnia saxelmwifo biujetidan finansebis

moZiebis ZiriTadi berketi da Sida qarTlSi turizmis ganviTarebis

xelSewyobis unari, am mimarTebiT mas ufro meti moeTxoveba. turizmis

erovnulma administraciam unda uzrunvelyos:

• turizmis sainformacio centris dafinanseba;

• gamofenebis, simpoziumebis da sxva piar RonisZiebebis dagegmva,

Catareba da turistebis mozidva;

• saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebis daintereseba turizmis

ganviTarebaSi resursebis CadebiT;

• saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi daniSnulebis obieqtebis movla-patronoba

da am obieqtebze meti resursebis daxarjva.

marTalia adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kompetencias ar ganekuTvneba

turizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba, municipalitetis biujetidan ar SeiZleba

pirdapiri gziT turizmis ganviTarebis dafinanseba, magram municipalitets

warmatebiT SeuZlia daafinansos turizmis xelSemwyobi RonisZiebebi, kerZod

ganaviTaros Semdegi adgilobrivi infrastruqtura:

• SeakeTos da ganaaxlos misasvleli gzebi turistul obieqtebamde;

• aRWurvos gzebi moniSvnebiT da maCveneblebiT;

• permanentulad ganaxorcielos narCenebis gatana;

• turistuli marSrutebi da turistuli daniSnulebis adgilebi

uzrunvelyos gare ganaTebiT.

municipalitetebs bunebrivia turizmidan arapirdapiri sargebeli eqneba

da es unda iyos swored misi turizmiT dainteresebis umTavresi safuZveli:

ganviTarebuli turizmi aviTarebs sastumroebs, kvebis obieqtebs da turizmTan

182

dakavSirebul sxva seqtorebs, romlebic qonebis gadasaxads gadaixdian

municipalitetis biujetSi.

regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis mizniT centralurma xelisuflebam

adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan erTad, aucilebelia daaintereson

saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebi regionSi turistuli infrastruqturis

gamravalferovnebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis, risTvisac aucilebelia Semdegi

RonisZiebebis gatareba: Seiswavlon donori organizaciebis prioritetebi da

gaakeTon konkretuli SeTavazebebi proeqtebis saxiT, raTa donorebma

daafinanson calkeuli RonisZiebebi; mniSvnelovania regionSi saCvenebeli

turis mowyoba turistuli daniSnulebis adgilebSi, sadac dainteresebuli

donori organizaciebis warmomadgenlebs SesaZlebloba eqnebaT adgilze

gaecnon regionis turistul potencials da sxv.

183

daskvna da rekomendaciebi

Sida qarTlis regionis turistuli potencialis analizma, vizitorTa

azris gamosakiTxad Catarebulma anketurma kvlevam, aseve, foკus-jgufebTan da

mosaxleobasTan interviuebma dagvanaxa, rom mxareSi sakmaodaa gadasawყveti

problemebi, auTvisebeli materialuri, SromiTi da finansuri resursebi

turizmis gansaviTareblad. amasTan dakavSirebiT gamoikveTa Semdegi

RonisZiebebis gatarebis aucilebloba:

• Sida qarTlis calkeul municipalitetebSi detalurad unda aRiricxos

arsebuli bunebrivi da kulturuli obieqtebi, materialur-teqnikuri

monacemTa baza, romlis safuZvelzec unda Seiqmnas turizmis ganviTarebis

perspeqtiuli strategiuli gegma;

• mxaris turizmis materialur, SromiTi da finansuri resursebis

mizanmimarTulad gamosayeneblad, unda mowesrigdes calkeuli

municipalitetebis mixedviT statistikuri monacemebis aRricxvis wesi.

• turizmis ganviTarebis Tanabari SesaZleblobebis maqsimaluri efeqtis

misaRebad saWiroa calkeul municipalitetebSi resursebis gadanawileba da

maTi potencialis optimalurad gamoyeneba.

• adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis erTeulebSi calkeuli

municipalitetebis cxovrebis donis gamosaTanabreblad da turizmis

infrastruqturis (ZeglebTan misasvleli gzebis, sastumroebis, saojaxo

sastumroebis da a.S.) gasaumjobeseblad saWiroa regionuli politikis

dagegmva, uflebamosilebebis da pasuxismgeblobebis ganawileba adgilobriv

doneze. aseve infrastruqturuli proeqtebis gansaviTareblad dafinansebis

Siga da gare wyaroebis mozidva;

• turistebisაTvis adgilobrivi, ekologiurad sufTa produqtebis

misawodeblad yuradReba unda mieqces calkeul municipalitetSi agrაruli

seqtoris ganviTarebas, kerZod sarwyav sistemebs da irigacias;

184

• droul yuradRebas saWiroebs municipalitetebis kulturul-istoriul-

arqiteqturul ZeglebTan misasvleli Sida gzebis mowesrigeba, gzebze

piqtogramebis dayeneba, aseve sanitaruli kvanZebis mowyoba;

• qarelis, kaspis da xaSuris municipalitetebSi saojaxo sastumroebis

mosawyobad, unda aRiweros sastumros Sesaferisi mosaxleobis kuTvnili

Senobebi. Aadgilobrivi municipalitetis xelmZRvaneloba unda daexmaros

mosaxleobas როგორც iafi kreditis miRebaSi, aseve saWiro instruqtaJisa da

swavlebis TvalsazrisiT;

• aucilebelia dedaqalaqsa da Sida qarTlis turobieqtebs Soris

koordinaciisა da urTierTkavSiris dasamyareblad ormxrivi mimarTulebiT

turistuli nakadebis warmarTva, aseve oTxive municipalitetSi Seiqmnas

turistuli saagentoebi an turistuli centrebi, romlebic turistebs

daexmareba municipalitetebშi arebuli Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnaobebis

dasaTvaliereblad, aseve saojao sastumroebSi gansaTavseblad;

• Sida qarTlis regionSi arsebul umaRles saswavleblebSi, kolejebsa

Tu profesiul saswavleblebSi aucilebelia, swavlებიs xarisxis gaumjobeseba

rogorc sasoflo-sameurneo, ise turizmis mimarTulebiT, gansakuTrebiT ucxo

enebis gaZlierebuli swavleba, agreTve, Tanamedrove moTxovnebze agebuli

programebis SemuSaveba da potenciur damsaqmeblebTan aqtiuri komunikacia da

koordinacia. aseve saWiroa TanamSromloba Sesabamis biznes seqtoris

warmomadgenlebTan, ucxoel eqspertebTan da kursdamTavrebulTa staJireba

Sesabamisi sferos dawesebulebებSi;

• Sida qarTlis mTliani teritoria mdidaria aramarto istoriul-

kulturuli ZeglebiT, aramed ulamazesi landSaftiTa da bunebiT, sadac

aucilebelia e.w. kempingebis mowyoba, romelic uzrunvelyofili iqneba

Sesabamisi infrastruqturiT, sadac Camosul turistebs saSualeba eqnebaT

miiRon Sesabamisi servisebi;

• Sida qarTlis yvela municipalitetSi mosawesrigebelia dasufTavebis da

sayofacxovrebo narCenebis gatana, რაც gansakuTrebiT mwvave problemaa soflis

mosaxleobisTvis;

185

• didi turistuli potencialis mqone Sida qarTlis regionis TiTqmis

yvela municipalitetSi SesaZlebelia ganviTardes turizmis iseTi

mimarTulebebi, rogoricaa: samkurnalo turizmi, ekologiuri da kulturuli

turizmi, eqstremaluri turizmi, soflis turizmi, Rvinis, piligrimuli da

arqeologiuri turizmi, aseve eqstremaluri turizmi. amisaTvis saWiroa iseTi

turistuli operatorebisa da saagentoebis Seqmna, romlebic izruneben

turizmis aRniSnuli mimarTulebebis mixedviT turistuli marSrutebis

Seqmnaze, rogorc Sida, ise ucxoeli turistebisTvis.

• meti Zalisxmevaa saWiro sainformacio servisebis ganviTarebis,

personalis profesionalizmis amaRlebis kuTxiT. aucilebelia kavSirebis

gaZliereba saxelmwifo, kerZo seqtorsa da saganmanaTleblo institutebs

Soris, rac saSualebas mogvcems movamzadoT Sesabamisi kvalifikaciis kadrebi

am mimarTulebiT;

• yuradReba unda gamaxvildes ekonomikuri, miwaTsargeblobis da zonebad

dayofis, infrastruqturis, usafrTxoebis, socialuri servisebis ganviTarebis

sakiTxebze. turizmis industriis interdisciplinaruli xasiaTidan

gamomdinare, obieqtur aucileblobas warmoadgens dagegmvis procesSi

sxvadasxva profesiis specialistebis CarTva, magaliTad, ekonomistebi,

marketologebi, landSaftis dizainerebis, sociologebis, adamianuri

resursebis menejerebis, ekologebis, arqiteqtorebis, arqeologebis da sxva;

• Sida qarTlis regions ar uWiravs konkretuli niSa Sida turizmis

kuTxiT. igi erTnairad mimzidvelia sxvadasxva asakis, Semosavlebisa da

ganaTlebis mqone adamianebisTvis. amis fonze, logikuria rom adgilobrivi da

mozobeli regionebis macxovreblebi warmoadgenen ZiriTad vizitorebs.

gamoyenebulma modelma kidev erTxel daadastura is xarisxobrivi mignebebi

rasac exeba aRniSnuli sadisertacio naSromi.

186

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. beriZe lamara, “turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi Sida qarTlSi” II

saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikuli konferencia, baTumi, 2011.

2. gogoriSvili irina, saerTaSoriso ekonomika, damxmare saxelmZRvanelo,

Tbilisi, 2002.

3. gulua ekaterine, arRuTaSvili valeri, ,,inovaciuri menejmentis

aqtualuri mimarTulebebi turizmis sferoSi”, III saerTaSoriso

samecniero-praqtikuli konferencia, baTumi, 2012.

4. gvelesiani revaz, ,,ekonomikuri politikis gamtareblebisa da interesTa

jgufebis urTierTobis problemebi”, ekonomika da biznesi, ianvari-marti

#1, 2015 weli.

5. gvelesiani revaz, ,,Tanamimdevruli da etapobrivi reformebis

socialuri teqnika”, ekonomika da biznesi, noemberi-dekemberi #6, 2013

weli.

6. gvelesiani revaz, ,,ekonomikuri politikis prioritetebi”, paata

guguSvilis ekonomikis instituti, samecniero Sromebis krebuli,

Tbilisi 2010.

7. gvelesiani revaz, ,,procesis ekonomikuri politikis prioritetebis

ganxorcielebis Taviseburebani”, ekonomika da biznesi, ianvari-Tebervali

#1, 2011.

8. gvelesiani revaz, gogoriSvili irina, ekonomikuri politika,

universali, 2008.

9. gvelesiani revaz, mcire da saSualo mewarmeobis warmatebis strategia da

kultura, Tbilisi, 1999

10. erqomaiSvili gulnazi, ,,ekonomikuri politikis gavlena turistuli

biznesis ganviTarebaze saqarTveloSi”, I saerTaSoriso samecniero-

praqtikuli konferencia, baTumi, 2010.

187

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193

turistebis anketuri gamokiTxva danarTi #1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ doqtoranti valeri arRuTaSvili / Tsu-s ekonomikisa da biznesis fakulteti 2015

1. Tqveni asaki

------------------------------------

2. sqesi

------------------------------------

3. gamokiTxvis adgili

------------------------------------

4. gamokiTxulTa Semadgenloba rezidenti/ararezidenti

-----------------------------------

5. vizitis mizani

❖ qarTuli samzareulo da Rvino

❖ istoriuli da kulturuli Zeglebi

❖ sturaTmoyvareoba

❖ buneba da mTebi

❖ sxva 6. turizmis romel saxeobas aniWebT upiratesobas?

❖ kulturuli turizmi

❖ ekoturizmi

❖ saTavgadasavlo turizmi

❖ piligrimuli turizmi

❖ sxva 7. Tqveni vizitis xangrZlivoba regionSi

❖ 1 dRe

❖ 2-3 dRe

❖ 1 kvira

❖ sxva 8. sad apirebT Ramis gaTenebas?

❖ saojaxo sastumroSi

❖ sastumroSi

❖ sakempinge adgilze karvebiT

❖ jer ar gadamiwyvetia

❖ dedaqalaqSi

❖ sxva 9. ramdenad damakmayofilebelia turistuli infrastruqtura regionSi?

194

❖ Zalian kargi

❖ kargi

❖ saSualo

❖ cudi

❖ Zalian cudi

❖ sxva 10. CamoTvaleT 2 ZiriTadi SeniSvna turistul infrastuqturaze da

momsaxurebis xarisxze

1. ---------------------------------

2.----------------------------------

11. ris gamosworebas urCevdiT turistuli momsaxurebis mimwodeblebs regionSi?

(sastumro, restorani da sxv.).

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12. vin girCiaT gorSi Camosvla?

❖ turistulma kompanian

❖ internetSi moviZie informacia

❖ megobrama

❖ sxva

13. gauwevT Tu ara rekomendacias qalaq gors rogorc turistul daniSnulebis

adgils?

diax ara

14. romeli turistuli obieqtebi daaTvaliereT, an apirebT rom daTvalieroT?

❖ stalinis saxl-muzeumi

❖ goris cixe

❖ ufliscixe

❖ atenis sioni

❖ sxva

15. apirebT Tu ara Sida qarTlis sxva qalaqis (kaspi, qareli, xaSuri)

daTvalierebas?

❖ diax

❖ ara

❖ ar maqvs informacia

16. gegmavT Tu ara ganmeorebiT Camosvlas gorSi?

195

❖ diax

❖ ara

❖ jer ar momifiqrebia

❖ sxva

196

turistuli momsaxurebis potenciuri mimwodeblebis kiTxvari danarTi #2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ doqtoranti valeri arRuTaSvili / Tsu-s ekonomikisa da biznesis fakulteti 2015

1. isurvebdiT Tu ara, rom Tqveni municipalitetis RirsSesaniSnaobebi CarTuli iyos

regionis saeqskursio marSrutebSi?

diax ara

2. xarT Tu ara mzad SesTavazoT sakuTari saxli turists Ramis gasaTevad?

diax ara

3. saojaxo sastumros mosawyobad finansuri daxmarebisaTvis vis mimarTavT?

❖ adgilobriv municipalitets

❖ adgilobriv banks

❖ sakuTar biujets

4. ramdeni adamianisgan Sedgeba Tqveni ojaxi?

-------------------

5. gaqvT Tua ra SesaZlebloba turists SesTavazoT adgilobrivi nawarmi, xelnakeTi

nivTebi?

diax ara

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