gaerosa da evropis sabWos antikorufciuli konvenciebisa da ... · SemTxvevaSi qonebis dabruneba SesaZlebelia, Tu warmodgenili iqneba sakuTrebis uflebis damadasturebeli sabuTi, an momTxovni

saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelo

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gaerosa da evropis sabWos antikorufciuli

konvenciebisa da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis

S e d a r e b i T i a n a l i z i

2005 wlis Teberval-aprilSi “saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom”,

saqarTvelos parlamentis iuridiul sakiTxTa komitetTan erTad, Seiswavla

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba gaerosa da evropis sabWos

antikorufciuli konvenciebis moTxovnebTan da moamzada dokumenti, romelSic

warmodgenilia aRniSnul konvenciebsa da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobas Soris

arsebuli gansxvavebebi. ganxilul iqna Semdegi konvenciebi:

gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis konvencia korufciis winaaRmdeg;

gaeTianebuli erebis organizaciis konvencia transnacionaluri organizebuli

danaSaulis winaaRmdeg;

korufciaze sisxlis samarTlis konvencia, evropis sabWo;

korufciaze samoqalaqo samarTlis konvencia, evropis sabWo.

am konvenciebs Soris erTi - “korufciaze samoqalaqo samarTlis konvencia”, evropis

sabWo - ukve ratificirebulia saqarTvelos mier. gaeros antikorufciuli

konvenciis (“gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis konvencia korufciis winaaRmdeg”)

Sesaxeb gasuli wlis 9 dekembers, saerTaSoriso antikorufciul dRes, saqarTvelos

parlamentma miiRo dadgenileba, romliTac prezidens sTxova, xeli moewera

konvenciisTvis da is saratifikaciod parlamentSi waredgina. imave dRes

“saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom” da iuridiul sakiTxTa da sagareo

urTierTobaTa komitetebma xeli moaweros urTierTgagebis memorandums, romlis

Tanaxmadac mxareebi SeTanxmdnen antikorufciul sferoSi saqarTvelos

sakanonmdeblo bazis ganmtkicebis mizniT TanamSromlobaze.

warmodgenili “saerTaSoriso antikorufciuli konvenciebisa da saqarTvelos

kanonmdeblobis SedarebiTi analizi” am miznis misaRwevad gadadgmul erT-erTi

nabijia. gaerosa da evropis sabWos antikorufciuli konvenciebis saqarTvelosTvis

savaldebulo Zalis miniWeba mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels saqarTveloSi mimdinare

korufciis winaaRmdeg brZolasa da qveynis erTian saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv

sivrceSi integracias.

dRes ukve sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, rom korufcia ar aris mxolod lokaluri

problema, rom is transnacionaluri movlenaa da mis winaaRmdeg brZola

saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobas saWiroebs. am sferoSi sakuTari Zalebis efeqtianobis

uzrunvelyofis mizniT saqarTvelom mWidrod unda iTanamSromlos rogorc qveynis

SigniT, ise mis gareT arsebul sazogadoebriv organizaciebTan, samoqalaqo

sazogadoebis sxva warmomadgenlebTan da calkeul saxelmwifoebsa da saxelmwifoTa

jgufebTan.





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I. “gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis konvencia

korufciis winaaRmdeg” da saqarTvelos

moqmedi kanonmdebloba

2000 wlis 4 dekembris #55/61 rezoluciiT generalurma asambleam cno, rom

sasurveli iyo korufciis winaaRmdeg efeqturi saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtis

Seqmna damoukideblad „transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb

gaerTianebuli erebis konvenciisa“ da miiRo gadawyvetileba, Camoeyalibebina

specialuri komiteti, romelic warmarTavda molaparakebebs mocemul sakiTxze.

aRniSnuli komiteti dafuZnda venaSi, saerTaSoriso danaSaulis prevenciis

StabbinaSi, narkotikebis kontrolisa da danaSaulis prevenciis ofisSi. teqstis

SemuSaveba mimdinareobda 2002 wlis 21 ianvridan 2003 wlis 1 oqtombramde,

specialuri komitetis Svidi sxdomis ganmavlobaSi.

specialuri komitetis mier damtkicebuli konvencia generalurma asambleam miiRo

2003 wlis 31 oqtombris #58/4 rezoluciiT. konvencia cnobilia Semdegi

saxelwodebiT: „gaeros konvencia korufciis winaaRmdeg“. masze xelmoweris

konferencia gaimarTa meqsikis qalaq meridaSi, sadac asambleam miiwvia yvela

saxelmwifo. 118 xelmomwer saxelmwifoTagan 15-ma ukve daasrula konvenciasTan

mierTebis procedura. es saxelmwifoebia: alJiri, benini, el-salvadori, quveiTi,

madagaskari, mavrikia, meqsika, namibia, nigeria, peru, rumineTi, siera lione, samxreT

afrika, Srilanka da uganda. mocemuli konvenciis amoqmedebisaTvis saWiroa am

dokumentis aranakleb 30 qveynis mier ratificireba (mux. 68.2).

2005 wlis 9 dekembers, saerTaSoriso antikorufciul dRes, saqarTvelos

parlamentma miiRo dadgenileba, romliTac sTxova prezidents, xeli moaweros

„gaeros konvencias korufciis winaaRmdeg“ da warudginos is parlaments

saratifikaciod.





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„gaeros konvencia korufciis winaaRmdeg“ yuradRebas amaxvilebs or ZiriTad

sakiTxze: 1. korufciis prevenciisa da misi gamovlenis mizniT damatebiTi

RonisZiebebis SemoRebasa da 2. korufciasTan brZolis sferoSi saerTaSoriso

TanamSromlobis ganmtkicebaze.

korufciis prevencia

konvencia gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs danaSaulis prevenciis sakiTxs. am

Temas exeba mTeli Tavi, sadac gaTvaliswinebulia rogorc sajaro, ise kerZo

seqtorSi gasatarebeli RonisZiebebi. kerZod, dokumenti ganmartavs, Tu ra saxiT

unda moxdes korufciis prevencia iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa: sajaro Tanamdebobis

pirTa SerCeva, dawinaureba da daTxovna; saxelmwifo Sesyidvebi; saxelmwifo

finansebis marTva; sasamarTlo sistema; prokuraturis organoebi; sabuRaltro

aRricxva; auditoruli standarebi da sxv.

konvenciis Tanaxmad, mxareebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom maT sajaro samsaxurebSi

miRebul iqnas Sesabamisi zomebi, raTa xeli Seewyos kadrebis SerCevis, dawinaurebis,

ganaxlebisa da daTxovnis procedurebis gamWvirvalobas, rac Tavis mxriv, sajaro

moxeleTa piradi damsaxurebebiTa da unar-CvevebiT unda iyos ganpirobebuli.

konvencia agreTve mxars uWers saxelmwifo finansebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze

gamWvirvalobisa da angariSvaldebulebis gazrdas da korufciis prevenciis mizniT

specialuri moTxovnebis dawesebas sajaro seqtoris iseT mniSvnelovan sferoebSi,

rogoric aris marTlmsajuleba da saxelmwifo Sesyidvebi.

korufciis winaaRmdeg brZolis efeqturobis gazrdis mizniT konvencia, msgavsi

samarTlebrivi aqtebisgan gansxvavebiT, axdens korufciul qmedebaTa ara mxolod

ZiriTadi formebis (qrTami, saxelmwifo qonebis gaflangva da a.S.), aramed iseT

qmedebaTa kriminalizaciasac, rogoric aris korufciuli zemoqmedeba (zegavleniT

vaWroba), korufciuli qmedebis Sedegad miRebuli sargeblis floba da “gaTeTreba”,

marTlmsajulebisaTvis xelis SeSla da sxv.

konvenciiT warmodgenil siaxles warmoadgens agreTve korufciis winaaRmdeg brZola

kerZo seqtorSi.

korufciis prevenciis erT-erT mniSvnelovan meqanizmad konvenciaSi sazogadoebis

mxardaWera ganixileba. am kuTxiT aRniSnuli dokumenti mouwodebs wevr

saxelmwifoebs, xeli Seuwyon sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da samoqalaqo

sazogadoebis sxva elementebis CarTvas korufciis winaaRmdeg mimarTul qmedebebsa

da gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesebSi.

saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba

konvencia did mniSvnelobas aniWebs korufciasTan brZolis sferoSi wevr

saxelmwifoebs Soris TanamSromlobis sakiTxs. aRniSnuli aqtis safuZvelze mxareebi

Tanxmdebian, iTanamSromlon korufciis winaaRmdeg brZolis yvela etapze (prevencia,

gamoZieba, gansja).

konvencia avaldebulebs mxareebs, Camoayalibon sasamarTloSi gamosayenebeli

mtkicebulebebis Sekreba-gadagzavnisa da samarTaldamrRvevTa eqstradiciis





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samarTlebrivi urTierTdaxmarebis specialuri formebi. wevri saxelmwifoebi aseve

valdebulni arian, miiRon zomebi korufciis Sedegad miRebuli sargeblis mokvlevis,

gayinvis, dayadaRebisa da konfiskaciis xelSewyobisaTvis.

konvenciis erT-erT novacias warmoadgens aqtivebis dabrunebis sakiTxze

saxelmwifoTa SeTanxmeba, rac mocemuli aqtiT gansazRvrulia, rogorc “konvenciis

fundamenturi principi”. dokumenti gansazRvravs am sferoSi saerTaSoriso

TanamSromlobisa da daxmarebis aRmoCenis konkretul formebs. kerZod, konvenciis

Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo saxsrebis datacebis SemTxvevaSi, konfiskacias

daqvemdebarebuli qoneba unda daubrundes momTxovn saxelmwifos. konvenciiT

gaTvaliswinebuli sxva kategoriis samarTaldarRvevebiT miRebuli sargebelis

SemTxvevaSi qonebis dabruneba SesaZlebelia, Tu warmodgenili iqneba sakuTrebis

uflebis damadasturebeli sabuTi, an momTxovni saxelmwifosaTvis miyenebuli zianis

cnobis sabuTi.

konvenciis 51-e muxli warmoSobis qveynebisaTvis aqtivebis dabrunebas konvenciis

fundamentur principad aRiarebs. 43-e muxli ki, avaldebulebs wevr saxelmwifoebs,

gazardon konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul samarTaldarRvevebze gamoZiebasa da braldebis

wardgenaSi SesaZlo TanamSromloba.

aqtivebis dabrunebis mimarTebaSi mocemuli muxli agreTve iTvaliswinebs Semdegs:

“saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, rodesac aucilebelia

Sesabamisi qmedebis danaSaulad ormxrivad cnobis principis dacva, es principi

daculad CaiTvleba miuxedavad imisa, Setanilia Tu ara moTxovnis mimRebi monawile

saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobaSi Sesabamisi qmedeba danaSaulad imave kategoriaSi an

aRwers Tu ara igi mas iseTive terminebiT, rogorc moTxovnis warmdgeni monawile

saxelmwifo, Tu qmedeba, romelic qmnis danaSaulis Semadgenlobas, da ris gamoc

moTxovnilia daxmarebis gaweva sisxlissamarTlebrivad dasjadia orive monawile

saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT”.





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gansxvavebebi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da

ganxilul konvencias Soris

„gaeros korufciis winaaRmdeg konvenciasTan“ saqarTvelos mierTebis SemTxvevaSi

saqarTvelos parlamentis mier gasatarebeli iqneba garkveuli sakanonmdeblo

RonisZiebebi, rom moxdes saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis konvenciasTan SesabamisobaSi

moyvana. qvemoT mocemulia konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli debulebebisa da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli normebis SedarebiTi analizi:

konvenciiT mocemuli Tanamdebobis piris cneba ufro farToa, vidre es saqarTvelos kanonmdebloT aris gansazRvruli:

konvenciis me-2 muxlis “a” punqtis Tanaxmad, sajaro Tanamdebobis piri aris “wevr

saxelmwifos sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebel, administraciul an sasamarTlo

organoSi nebismieri daniSvniTi an arCeviTi Tanamdebobis piri, romelsac ukavia

mudmivi an droebiTi Tanamdeboba Sesabamisi SromiTi anazRaurebis an mis gareSe

dakavebuli Tanamdebobis miuxedavad... nebismieri sxva piri, romelic asrulebs raime

sajaro funqcias, maT Soris sajaro uwyebisaTvis an sajaro sawarmosaTvis, an

axorcielebs raime saxis sajaro momsaxurebas, rogorc es gansazRvrulia wevr

saxelmwifos Sida kanonmdeblobiT da rogorc es gamoiyeneba am wevr saxelmwifos

samarTlebrivi regulirebis Sesabamis sferoSi... nebismieri sxva piri, romelic

monawile saxelmwifos Sida kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrulia, rogorc “sajaro

Tanamdebobis piri”.

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi” ar iZleva Tanamdebobis piris cnebas.

“sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis” 44-e muxlis 47-e nawilis Tanaxmad:

“Tanamdebobis piri (romlis mimarTac xorcieldeba sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba) am

kanonis miznebisaTvis aris “sajaro samsaxurSi interesTan SeuTavseblobisa da

korufciis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli

Tanamdebobis piri, sajaro moxele, sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris

xelmZRvaneli an misi moadgile, an sawarmoSi, romelSic saxelmwifo flobs wilis

(aqciaTa) 50%-s an 50%-ze mets, xelmZRvanelobiTi an/da warmomadgenlobiTi

uflebamosilebis mqone piri, romelsac bralad edeba Tanamdebobaze yofnis periodSi,

Sesabamisad, samoxeleo an samewarmeo an sxva organizaciaSi samsaxuris interesis

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulis Cadena, ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia,

gamoZalva, miTviseba an gaflangva, miuxedavad imisa, gaTavisuflebulia Tu ara igi

dakavebuli Tanamdebobidan”.

“sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis

Tanaxmad: “moxele aris piri, romelic iniSneba an airCeva saxazino dawesebulebis

saStato (StatiT gaTvaliswinebul) Tanamdebobaze”. amrigad konvenciiT mocemuli Tanamdebobis piris cneba ufro farToa, vidre es

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloT aris gansazRvruli. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba,

konvenciisgan gansxvavebiT, danaSaulis subieqtad ar ganixilavs gansazRvruli vadiT

daniSnul StatgareSe mosamsaxures (sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb kanonis Sesabamisad _

Tanamdebobis pirs). am kuTxiT saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba koreqtirebas moiTxovs.





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saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, konvenciasTan SedarebiT, sustad aris daregulirebuli konfiskaciis instituti:

konvenciis me-2 muxli da Semdgom ZiriTadi teqsti ganmartavs konfiskaciis

termins da masTan dakavSirebul samarTlebriv procedurebs. kerZod, konvenciis 54-e

muxlis Tanaxmad, TiToeuli monawile saxelmwifo valdebulia:

- Sida kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad gaataros iseTi RonisZiebebi, romlebic

aucilebelia imisTvis, rom saSualeba misces qveynis uflebamosil organoebs,

sisruleSi moiyvanon sxva monawile saxelmwifoTa sasamarTloebis ukanono qonebis

konfiskaciasTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebi;

- gaataros iseTi RonisZiebebi, romlebic aucilebelia ganaCenis gamotanis gareSe

qonebis konfiskaciisTvis sisxlis samarTlis iseT saqmeebze, romelTa warmoeba ver

xerxdeba damnaSavis sikvdilis an misi damalvis mizeziT, an sxva saTanado

SemTxvevaSi;

- aRWurvos Sesabamisi organoebi saTanado uflebamosilebiT, rom maT SeZlon,

gamoitanon dadgenilebebi konfiskaciis Sesaxeb; aseve, winaswari gamoZiebisas

momTxovni qveynis uflebamosili organos gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze gayinon an

daayadaRon is qoneba, romelzec SesaZloa gavrceldes dadgenileba konfiskaciis

Sesaxeb.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT Zalzed sustad aris daregulirebuli aRniSnuli

samarTlebrivi institutis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. es nawilobriv ganpirobebulia

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos erT-erTi pirveli gadawyvetilebiT,

romliTac qonebis konfiskacia, rogorc damatebiTi sasjelis saxis samarTlebrivi

instituti, antikonstituciurad gamocxadda.

“administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi” Seicavs debulebebs administraciuli

konfiskaciis samarTlebrivi bunebis Sesaxeb. kanonis zogadi nawili (24-e da 25-e

muxlebi) adgens konfiskaciis rogorc ZiriTad, ise damatebiT administraciul

saxdelad gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.

konfiskaciis institutis nairsaxeobas iTvaliswineben saqarTvelos “sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis” 44-e, 124-e, 410-e, 412-e, 424-e, 425-e, 426-e, 427-e,

510-e da 511-e muxlebic. kerZod, am muxlebiT gansazRvrulia e.w. saproceso

konfiskacia _ danaSaulis iaraRis da sagnis usasyidlo CamorTmeva, rac

xorcieldeba mosamarTlis dadgenilebis safuZvelze. es ganmartebebi mxolod

nawilobriv Seesabameba konvenciis moTxovnebs.

rac Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze sasamarTlo ganaCenamde qonebis konfiskaciis

SesaZleblobas, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis da administraciuli samarTlis

saproceso kodeqsebiT gaTvaliswinebulia dausabuTebeli qonebis nawilSi

administraciuli devnis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba im Tanamdebobis pirTa

mimarT, romlebic emalebian gamoZiebas. kerZod, saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis” 371

muxlis Tanaxmad, Tanamdebobis piris ukanono da dausabuTebel

qonebasTan dakavSirebiT prokurors ufleba aqvs administraciuli saproceso wesiT

aRZras sarCeli qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb.

saqarTvelos sisxlis saproceso kanonmdebloba aseve iTvaliswinebs reketiris da

reketul qonebasTan dakavSirebiT specialur saproceso regulaciebsac.





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miuxedavad Sida kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli aRniSnuli debulebebisa, konvenciasTan

SesabamisobaSi moyvanis TvalsazrisiT, gasatarebelia damatebiTi sakanonmdeblo

cvlilebebi, vinaidan konvencia, saTanado garemoebebis (braldebulis mimalva,

gardacvaleba da sxva saTanado SemTxvevebi) arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, konfiskaciis

reJimis gavrcelebis SesaZleblobas iTxovs SeuzRudavad yvela subieqtis da saqmis

mimarT.

konfiskaciasTan dakavSirebul valdebulebebTan mimarTebaSi sakanonmdeblo

cvlilebebi gasatarebeli iqneba saaRsrulebo, saproceso kanonmdeblobaSic, rom

saqarTvelos saaRsrulebo da sxva uflebamosilma organoebma SeZlon konfiskaciis

Sesaxeb sxva saxelmwifoTa uflebamosili organoebis gadawyvetilebebis aRsruleba.

rac Seexeba qonebis e.w. gayinvis, dayadaRebis samarTlebrivi urTierTobebis

harmonizebas konvenciis moTxovnebTan, Sida kanonmdeblobis es nawili eTanadeba

saerTaSoriso moTxovnebs da mniSvnelovan sakanonmdeblo novaciebs ar saWiroebs.

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo

da sasamarTlo, maT Soris sakonstitucio sasamarTlo, praqtika konfiskaciis

samarTlebrivi bunebis regulirebis TvalsazrisiT, calkeuli gamonaklisi

SemTxvevebis garda, araTanmimdevrulad da qaoturad viTardeba da naklebad

Seesabameba am TvalsazrisiT aRiarebul da damkvidrebul saerTaSoriso regulaciebs.

bunebrivia, Seqmnili viTareba iTxovs saTanado, gaazrebuli sakanonmdeblo

cvlilebebis ganxorcielebas.

am mimarTulebiT dRes ganxilvis stadiaSia kanonproeqti, romliTac danaSaulis

sagnis/saSualebis, danaSaulis Casadenad gamiznuli nivTis an/da danaSaulebrivi gziT

mopovebuli qonebis CamorTmeva Camoyalibda sasjelis saxiT. qonebis CamorTmevis

definicia da misi Sefardebis sakiTxi dawvrilebiT aris gadmocemuli “sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis” 52-e muxlis axal redaqciaSi.

warmodgenili proeqtiT SemoTavazebuli sasjelis saxe `qonebis CamorTmeva~

gansxvavdeba arakonstituciurad miCneuli sasjelis saxisagan. arakonstituciurad

miCneuli debuleba iTvaliswinebda piris mTliani qonebis konfiskacias ganurCevlad

am qonebis warmomavlobisa da danaSaulTan misi Semxeblobisa. SemoTavazebuli

proeqti iTvaliswinebs mxolod danaSaulis sagnisa da saSualebis, danaSaulis

Casadenad gamiznuli nivTisa da danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebis

CamorTmevas. am SemTxvevaSi sanqciis mizans warmoadgens ara uSualod braleuli

piris dasja, aramed sazogadoebrivi interesis dacva, rac damnaSavisaTvis mis mier

danaSaulis Casadenad gamoyenebuli, Tu am saSualebiT miRebuli qonebis kvlav

danaSaulebrivi miznebisaTvis gamoyenebis aRkveTaSi gamoixateba.

konvenciisgan gansxvavebiT saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba dapirebis micemas ar ganixilavs sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad:

konvenciis me-15 muxlis “a” punqti sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad ganixilavs

sajaro Tanamdebobis pirisaTvis dapirebis micemas, SeTavazebas an/da misTvis, an sxva

fizikuri, an iuridiuli pirisaTvis piradad, an Suamavlis daxmarebiT

aramarTlzomieri upiratesobis gadacemas imisTvis, rom am Tanamdebobis pirma Tavisi

Tanamdebobrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas Caidinos garkveuli qmedeba. “b” punqti

sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad ganixilavs sajaro Tanamdebobis piris mier





8

piradad, an Suamavlis daxmarebiT gamoZalvas, an aramarTlzomieri upiratesobis

miRebas, raTa man Caidinos garkveuli qmedeba Tavisi Tanamdebobrivi movaleobis

Sesrulebisas.

aRniSnuli danaSaulebis niSnebs Seicavs saqarTvelos moqmedi “sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis” XXXIX Tavis (samoxeleo danaSauli) 338-e muxli (qrTamis aReba) da 339-e

muxli (qrTamis micema), Tumca am muxlebis arsebuli redaqcia ar moicavs dapirebis

micemas an SeTavazebas. Tavad qrTamis micema warmoadgens formalur danaSauls, xolo

dapirebis micema an SeTavazeba – danaSaulis erT-erT stadias.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobisTvis cnobilia danaSaulis

momzadebisa da mcdelobis stadiebi. kerZod, “saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis” me-18-e muxlis pirveli nawili (momzadeba anu danaSaulis CadenisaTvis

pirobebis ganzrax Seqmna) da me-19 muxlis pirveli nawili (mcdeloba anu ganzraxi

qmedeba) exeba iseT garemoebebs, roca qmedebebi uSualod mimarTuli iyo danaSaulis

Casadenad, magram danaSauli bolomde ar iqna miyvanili.

konvenciis me-15 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dapirebis micema an SeTavazeba

SesaZlebelia ganvixiloT danaSaulis momzadebis stadiad, Tumca saqarTvelos

“sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT” sisixlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba dgeba mxolod

mZime da gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis momzadebisaTvis. saqarTvelos “sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis” 339-e muxliT gansazRvruli danaSauli naklebad mZime

danaSaulTa kategorias ganekuTvneba da Sesabamisad, konvenciiT gansazRvruli qmedebis

Cadenis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi SesaZloa, arc dadges.

rac Seexeba “saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” 338-e muxls, am debulebis

me-3 nawilis `g~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Semadgenloba gamoZalvas

miiCnevs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel garemoebad da ara sisxlis

samarTlis danaSaulad.

iusticiis saministros mier dReisTvis momzadebuli kanonproeqti garkveulwilad

aregulirebs ganxilul problematikas. kerZod, proeqtSi “sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis” 338-e muxlis pirveli nawili da 339-e muxli Camoyalibebulia Semdegi

redaqciiT:

“muxli 338(1):

1. moxelis an masTan gaTanabrebuli piris mier pirdapir an arapirdapir fulis,

fasiani qaRaldis, sxva qonebis, qonebrivi sargeblis an sxva raime aramarTlzomieri

upiratesobis miReba an moTxovna, aseve aseTis SeTavazebis an dapirebis miReba, Tavis

an sxva piris sasargeblod, raTa am moxelem an masTan gaTanabrebulma pirma

Tanamdebobrivi ufleba-movaleobebis Sesrulebisas qrTamis mimcemis an sxva piris

sasargeblod ganaxorcielos raime moqmedeba an Tavi Seikavos raime moqmedebis

ganxorcielebisagan an gamoiyenos Tavisi Tanamdebobrivi avtoriteti analogiuri

miznis misaRwevad, agreTve mis mier samsaxurebrivi mfarvelobis ganxorcieleba, _

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT xuTidan aT wlamde.”

`muxli 339. qrTamis micema

1. moxelisaTvis an masTan gaTanabrebuli pirisaTvis, pirdapir an arapirdapir, fulis,






9

upiratesobis dapireba, SeTavazeba an miniWeba moxelis (masTan gaTanabrebuli piris) an

sxva piris sasargeblod, raTa am moxelem (masTan gaTanabrebulma pirma) Tanamdebobrivi

ufleba-movaleobebis Sesrulebisas qrTamis mimcemis an sxva piris sasargeblod

ganaxorcielos raime moqmedeba an Tavi Seikavos raime moqmedebis ganxorcielebisagan

an gamoiyenos Tavisi Tanamdebobrivi avtoriteti analogiuri miznis misaRwevad,

agreTve ganaxorcielos samsaxurebrivi mfarveloba, _ isjeba jarimiT an

gamasworebeli samuSaoTi vadiT or wlamde an Tavisuflebis SezRudviT imave vadiT an

tusaRobiT vadiT sam Tvemde anda Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT or wlamde.

2. igive qmedeba, Cadenili: a) ukanono qmedebis Casadenad; b) organizebuli jgufis

mier, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT oTxidan rva wlamde.

SeniSvna:

1. sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan Tavisufldeba qrTamis mimcemi, Tu mas

qrTami gamosZales an Tu man qrTamis micemis Sesaxeb nebayoflobiT ganacxada sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis aRmZvrel organoSi.

2. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebisaTvis iurdiuli piri isjeba jarimiT.~

konvenciisgan gansxvavebiT saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas ucxo qveynis sajaro Tanamdebobis pirebis mxridan Cadenil korufciul qmedebebze:

konvenciis me-2 muxlis “b” da “g” punqtebi gansazRvravs ucxo qveynisa da

saerTaSoriso organizaciis sajaro Tanmdebobis pirebis cnebebs. kerZod, ucxo

qveynis sajaro Tanamdebobis piri aris “nebismieri daniSnuli an arCeuli piri,

romelsac ukavia sxva saxelmwifos sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebel, administraciul an

sasamarTlo organoSi raime Tanamdeboba da nebismieri piri, romelic asrulebs raime

sajaro funqcias sxva saxelmwifosaTvis, maT Soris, sajaro uwyebisaTvis an sajaro

sawarmosaTvis”. saerTaSoriso organizaciis sajaro Tanamdebobis piri aris

“saerTaSoriso sajaro mosamsaxure an nebismieri piri, romelic uflebamosilia

aseTi organizaciis mier awarmoos saqmianoba misi saxeliT”.

konvenciis me-16 muxli yuradRebas amaxvilebs ucxo qveynis sajaro Tanamdebobis

pirTa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis sajaro Tanamdebobis pirTa mosyidvaze da

mxareebs akisrebs valdebulebas, gaataron Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo da sxva

RonisZiebebi, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivad dasjad qmedebad gamocxaddes ucxo qveynis

sajaro Tanamdebobis pirTa da saerTaSoriso organizaciis sajaro Tanamdebobis

pirTa mosyidva.

saqarTvelos moqmedi “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi” zemoaRniSnuli subieqtebis mier

korufciuli samarTaldarRvevis CadenisaTvis pasuxismgeblobas ar iTvaliswinebs.

iusticiis saministros mier momzadebul kanonproeqtSi Sesabamisi regulaciebi

Cadebulia. proeqtis Tanaxmad, kodeqsis saTanado muxlebis miznebisaTvis moxelesTan

gaTanabrebul pirad ganixileba:

- ucxo qveynis saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis piri (maT Soris sakanonmdeblo an/da

administraciuli uflebamosilebis ganmaxorcielebeli saxelmwifo organos

wevri);

- im saerTaSoriso organizaciis an organos Tanamdebobis piri, an xelSekrulebis





10

safuZvelze daqiravebul TanamSromeli, romlis wevri aris saqarTvelo;

- nebismieri mivlinebuli an aramivlinebuli piri, romelic asrulebs am

Tanamdebobis piris an TanamSromlis funqciebis Sesabamis funqciebs;

- im saerTaSoriso saparlamento krebis wevri, romlis monawile aris

saqarTvelo;

- im saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos an sasamarTlo organos mosamarTle da

Tanamdebobis piri, romlis iurisdiqcias cnobs saqarTvelo.

danaSaulis subieqtTa wris am kanonproeqtSi mocemuli SezRudva, rac ukavSirdeba

saqarTvelos monawileobas amaTuim saerTaSoriso organizaciaSi/xelSekrulebaSi,

xelovnurad zRudavs konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul subieqtTa wres. amrigad, proeqtis

aRniSnuli debuleba koreqtirebas saWiroebs.

konvencia iZleva zegavleniT vaWrobis samarTlebriv definicias, rac saqarTvelos moqmed kanonmdeblobaSi ar devs:

konvenciis me-18 muxli iTvaliswinebs “zegavleniT vaWrobis” samarTlebriv definicias.

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi” devs iseTi cnebebi (samsaxurebrivi

mdgomareobis borotad gamoyeneba, Tanamdebobrivi avtoriteti, samsaxurebrivi

mfarveloba da a.S.), romlebic konvenciaSi aRniSnul siaxles garkveulwilad moicaven.

iusticiis saministros kanonproeqtSi gaTvaliswinebulia “sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsSi” korufciuli zemoqmedebis Semadgenlobis axali normis damatebac. kerZod,

proeqtSi mocemuli redaqciiT:

“piris mier, Tavisi an sxva piris interesebisaTvis, pirdapir an arapirdapir fulis,


upiratesobis dapireba, SeTavazeba an miniWeba im pirisaTvis, romelic amtkicebs an

adasturebs, rom mas SeuZlia aramarTlzomieri zemoqmedebis moxdena moxelis an

masTan gaTanabrebuli piris mier gadawyvetilebis miRebaze, miuxedavad imisa,

ganxorcielda Tu ara aseTi zemoqmedeba an/da miRebul iqna Tu ara am zemoqmedebiT

sasurveli Sedegi, _ isjeba jarimiT an gamasworebeli samuSaoTi vadiT or wlamde, an

Tavisuflebis SezRudviT imave vadiT, an tusaRobiT vadiT sam Tvemde, an Tavisuflebis

aRkveTiT vadiT or wlamde”.

SeniSvna: am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulisaTvis pasuxismgeblobisagan

Tavisufldeba piri, romelic am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Cadenis

Taobaze nebayoflobiT ganacxadebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRmZvrel organoSi.

“piris mier, romelic amtkicebs an adasturebs, rom mas SeuZlia aramarTlzomieri

zemoqmedebis moxdena moxelis an masTan gaTanabrebuli piris mier gadawyvetilebis

miRebaze Tavis an sxva piris sasargeblod im pirisagan, romelic moqmedebs Tavis an

sxva piris interesebSi pirdapir an arapirdapir fulis, fasiani qaRaldis, sxva

qonebis, qonebrivi sargeblis an sxva raime aramarTlzomieri upiratesobis moTxovna an

miReba, aseve aseTis Taobaze dapirebis an SeTavazebis miReba, miuxedavad imisa,

ganxorcielda Tu ara aseTi zemoqmedeba an/da miRebul iqna Tu ara am zemoqmedebiT

sasurveli Sedegi, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT samidan xuT wlamde”.

“am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba Cadenili organizebuli jgufis





11

mier, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT oTxidan Svid wlamde”.

SeniSvna: am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebisaTvis iuridiuli piri isjeba jarimiT.

konvencia Tanamdebobrivi uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyenebas ganixilavs sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT es qmedeba klasificirdeba materialur danaSaulad:

konvenciis me-19 muxli aregulirebs Tanamdebobrivi mdgomareobis borotad

gamoyenebas. saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” 332-e muxli (Tanamdebobrivi

uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyeneba), marTalia, aregulirebs aRniSnul sakiTxs,

magram mocemuli danaSauli warmoadgens ara sisxlis samarTlis, aramed

materialur danaSauls da pasuxismgeblobis dadgomis pirobas warmoadgens:

“fizikuri an iuridiuli piris uflebis, sazogadoebis an saxelmwifos kanonieri

interesis arsebiTi darRveva”. konvenciis debulebebiT Tanamdebobrivi

uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyeneba ganixileba sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad da

Sedegis dadgoma savaldebulo pirobas ar warmoagens.

konvencia ukanono gamdidrebas ganixilavs sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad. saqarTvelos administraciuli kanonmdebloba icnobs dausabTebeli qonebis cnebas, magram es cneba ar devs sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi:

konvenciis me-20 muxlis ganmartebiT ukanono gamdidreba aris sajaro Tanamdebobis

piris aqtivebis mniSvnelovani zrda, rodesac piris aqtivebi imdenad aWarbebs mis

kanonier Semosavals, rom mas ar SeuZlia aRniSnuli garemoebis dasabuTeba.

konvenciis moTxovnis Tanaxmad, wevrma saxelmwofoebma unda gaataron sakanonmdeblo

da sxva RonisZiebebi mocemuli qmedebis kriminalizaciis mizniT.

saqarTvelos “administraciuli saproceso kodeqsi” icnobs dausabuTebeli qonebis

cnebas da mas Semdegi saxiT ganmartavs: “qoneba, agreTve am qonebidan miRebuli

Semosavali, aqciebi (wili), romlis kanonieri saSualebebiT mopovebis

damadasturebeli dokumentebi Tanamdebobis pirs, misi ojaxis wevrs an axlo

naTesavs ar gaaCniaT an igi SeZenilia ukanono qonebis gasxvisebis Sedegad miRebuli

fuladi saxsrebiT”, magram ukanono gamdidrebis cneba ar devs saqarTvelos “sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsSi”.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT danaSaulebriv qmedebas warmoadgens winaswari SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli nivTis mxolod SeZena an gasaReba, xolo konvencia danaSaulebriv qmedebad ganixilavs qonebis flobasa da gamoyenebasac:

konvenciis 23-e muxli aregulirebs ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis sakiTxebs. am

muxlis pirveli nawiliT dadgenili danaSaulis Semadgenlobebi zogadad Seesabameba

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” 194-e muxliT da `ukanono Semosavlis

legalizaciis aRkveTis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul

debulebebs, Tumca konvenciis amave muxlis pirveli nawilis erT-erTi qvepunqtiT

danaSaulebriv qmedebas warmoadgens qonebis SeZena, floba an gamoyeneba, Tu misi

miRebisas cnobili gaxda, rom aseTi qonebis warmomavloba danaSaulebrivi saqmianobaa.

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” 186-e muxlis pirveli nawilis mixedviT,





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danaSaulebriv qmedebas warmoadgens winaswari SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi gziT

mopovebuli nivTis mxolod SeZena an gasaReba da ara misi floba an gamoyeneba.

konvencia iTvaliswinebs iuridiul pirTa sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba iuridiul pirTa sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas ar icnobs:

konvenciis 26-e muxli, administraciul da samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobasTan erTad,

iTvaliswinebs iuridiul pirTa sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas. saqarTvelos

moqmedi “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” subieqts warmoadgens mxolod fizikuri

piri, rac gamoricxavs iuridiul pirTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis

sakiTxs.

iuridiuli pirebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis mniSvneloba da maTi

Sida kanonmdeblobaSi danergvis aucilebloba aRiarebulia saerTaSoriso

organizaciebis mier da im saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT, romelTa monawile

saqarTveloa. am TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia `fulis gaTeTrebis, danaSaulebrivi

saqmianobis Sedegad mopovebuli Semosavlebis moZiebis, amoRebisa da konfiskaciis

Sesaxeb~ 1990 wlis 8 noembris konvencia (ratificirebulia saqarTvelos

parlametis 2004 wlis 17 Tebervlis #3345-rs dadgenilebiT), gaeros 1999 wlis

“saerTaSoriso konvencia terorizmis dafinansebis aRkveTis Sesaxeb”

(ratificirebulia saqarTvelos parlametis 2002 wlis 7 ivnisis #1486-ii s

dadgenilebiT) da 1997 wlis 27 ianvris “terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb

strasburgis evropuli konvencia” (ratificirebulia saqarTvelos parlamentis 2000

wlis 27 seqtembris #509-is dadgenilebiT).

1999 wlis 27 ianvris `korufciaze sisxlis samarTlis evropuli konvencia~

saqarTvelos mier xelmowerilia 1999 wlis 27 ianvars, magram ar aris

ratificirebuli. saqarTvelos parlamentis 2002 wlis 18 maisis #1454-rs

dadgenilebiT saqarTvelos prezidents mieca rekomendacia, saqarTvelos parlamentSi

saratifikaciod waradginos ,,transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg

brZolis gaeros konvencia" da misi damatebiTi oqmi `adamianebiT, gansakuTrebiT

qalebiTa da bavSvebiT vaWrobis Tavdian acilebis, aRkveTisa da dasjis Taobaze~.

amdenad, am sakiTxze dikusiebis dawyeba gadaudebel amocanas unda warmoadgendes,

radgan am problemis gadawyveta xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelos integracias

saerTaSoriso TanamegobrobaSi.

dReisaTvis iusticiis saministros mier momzadebul kanonproeqtSi aRniSnuli

sakiTxi garkveulwilad regulirdeba. kerZod, kanonproeqti ganmartavs im pirobebs,

romelTa arsebobisas iuridiul pirs SesaZlebelia sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgebloba daekisros. aseve, dadgenilia iuridiuli piris mimarT gamosayenebel

sasjelTa saxeebi da maTi gamoyenebisa da aRsrulebis wesi da pirobebi.

proeqtis Tanaxmad, iuridiul pirs sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba

daekisreba saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT” gaTvaliswinebuli im

danaSaulisaTvis, romelic Cadenilia pasuxismgebeli piris mier iuridiuli piris

saxeliT an misi meSveobiT (gamoyenebiT), an/da mis sasargeblod. pasuxismgebel pirSi

moiazreba iuridiuli piris xelmZRvanelobaze, warmomadgenlobaze, misi saxeliT





13

gadawyvetilebis miRebaze uflebamosili piri an/da iuridiuli piris sameTvalyureo,

sakontrolo, sarevizio da sakonsultacio organos wevri.

arsebuli kanonproeqtiT iuridiul pirs sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba

daekisreba:

- sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1431 muxliT: adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi);

- 1432 muxliT: arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi));

- 194-e muxliT: ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia;

- 221-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT: komerciuli mosyidva;

- 2241 muxliT: reketul dajgufebaSi monawileoba;

- 323-e - 330-e muxlebiT: teroristuli aqti, teqnologiuri terorizmi,

kiberterorizmi, saqarTvelos politikuri Tanamdebobis pirze Tavdasxma,

saerTaSoriso dacviT mosargeble pirze an dawesebulebaze Tavdasxma,

teroristuli organizaciis Seqmna an xelmZRvaneloba an/da masSi monawileoba,

ucxo qveynis teroristul organizaciaSi an ucxoeTis kontrols

daqvemdebarebul aseT organizaciaSi gaerTianeba an/da misi daxmareba, mZevlad

xelSi Cagdeba teroristuli mizniT, strategiuli an gansakuTrebuli

mniSvnelobis obieqtis xelSi Cagdeba an blokireba teroristuli mizniT;

- 3311 muxliT: terorizmis dafinanseba;

- 338-e muxliT: qrTamis aReba;

- 339-e muxliT: qrTamis micema;

- 3391 muxliT: korufciuli zemoqmedeba;

- 364-e muxliT: samarTalwarmoebis ganxorcielebisaTvis an winaswari

gamoZiebisaTvis xelis SeSla;

- 365-e muxliT: muqara an Zaladoba samarTalwarmoebis ganxorcielebasTan an

winaswar gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebiT;

- 372-e muxliT: mowmis, dazaralebulis, eqspertis an Tarjimnis mosyidva an

iZuleba.

gaTvaliwinebuli danaSaulebisaTvis.

iusticiis saministros mocemuli kanonproeqti iuridiuli piris

sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas awesebs mxolod im danaSaulebze, romlebic

gaeros konvenciaSia moxseniebuli. qveynis ganviTarebis paralelurad momavalSi

sasurvelia, dasavleTis ganviTarebuli saxelmwifoebis analogiiT, iuridiuli

pirebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba gavrceldes danaSaulebebis ufro

farTo speqtrze.

konvencia savaldebulod miiCnevs braldebulis monawileobas sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebaSi. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba uSvebs gansasjelis gareSe saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvis SesaZleblobas:

konvenciis 30-e muxlis me-4 punqti braldebulis monawileobas sisxlissamarTlis

saqmis warmoebaSi savaldebulod miiCnevs. saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kodeqsis” 443-e muxli uSvebs gansasjelis gareSe saqmis sasamarTlo

ganxilvis SesaZleblobas, Tu gansasjeli Tanamdebobis piria da Tavs aridebs

sasamarTloSi gamocxadebas.





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konvenciis Tanaxmad, braldebuli sajaro Tanamdebobis piri SeiZleba Canacvlebul iqnas, droebiT CamoSordes samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebas an gadayvanil iqnas sxva Tanamdebobaze. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba icnobs mxolod braldebulis Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis SesaZleblobas:

konvenciis amave muxlis me-6 punqtis Tanaxmad, monawile saxelmwifoebi unda

ganixilon iseTi procedurebis SemuSavebis SesaZlebloba, romelTa meSveobiT

braldebuli sajaro Tanamdebobis piri SeiZleba Canacvlebul iqnas, droebiT

CamoSordes samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebas, an gadayvanil iqnas sxva

Tanamdebobaze.

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi” icnobs braldebulis mxolod

Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis SesaZleblobas. kerZod 183-e muxlis Tanaxmad,

braldebulis Tanamdebobidan gadayeneba SeiZleba, Tu aris sarwmuno monacemebi, rom

am samuSaoze darCeniT igi xels SeuSlis WeSmaritebis dadgenas, danaSaulis Sedegad

miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebas, an ganagrZobs danaSaulebriv saqmianobas. specialuri

kanonmdebloba, romelic aregulirebs calkeuli Tanamdebobis pirebis (mag:

mosamarTleebi, parlamentis wevrebi, policielebi da a.S.) samarTlebriv statuss,

aseve iTvaliswinebs Tanamdebobis pirTaTvis Tanamdebobrivi uflebamosilebebis

SeCerebas gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvebis periodSi saqmeze gamamarTlebeli

an/da gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis dadgomamde.

konvencia adgens mowmeTa, eqspertTa, dazaralebulTa da gamoZiebasTan moTanamSromle pirTaTvis gansakuTrebuli dacvis RonisZiebebis gatarebis aucileblobas. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba am sakiTxebs ar aregulirebs:

konvenciis 32-e da 33-e muxlebi agdenen mowmeTa, eqspertTa, dazarebulTa da

gamoZiebasTan moTanamSromle pirTaTvis gansakuTrebuli dacvis RonisZiebebis

gatarebis aucileblobas. am mxriv saqarTvelos mxares SesamuSavebeli aqvs mTeli

rigi sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi, vinaidan moqmedi kanonmdebloba saerTod ar Seicavs

regulaciebs konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebis ganxorcielebisTvis.





15

Tanxvedra saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da

gaeros winaaRmdeg konvencias Soris

konvenciis me-17 muxli sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad ganixilavs sajaro

Tanamdebobis piris mier im qonebis, sajaro da kerZo saSualebebis Zarcvas, fasiani

qaRaldebis an nebismieri sxva fasiani sagnis aramarTlzomier miTvisebas, romlebic

samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobidan gamomdinare mis mflobelobaSia. saqarTvelos “sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsSi”, kerZod, mis 25-e TavSi am saxis danaSaulebi kvalificirdeba

Zarcvad (278-e muxli), miTvisebad an gaflangvad (182-e muxli).

konvenciis 21-e muxlis Tanaxmad, monawile mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, ganixilon

iseTi zomebis miRebis SesaZlebloba, romlebic danaSaulad aRiareben kerZo

seqtorSi mosyidvas. am TvalsazrisiT xazgasasmelia saqarTvelos “sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis” 221-e muxli, romelic aregulirebs komerciuli mosyidvis

sakiTxebs da romlis mixedviT danaSaulis subieqtebi arian xelmZRvanelobiTi,

warmomadgenlobiTi, an sxva specialuri uflebamosilebis mqone pirebi. miuxedavad

“sisxlis samarTlis kodeqssa” da konvenciis aRniSnul debulebebs Soris erTgvari

winaaRmdegobisa (konvencia danaSaulis subieqtad aRiarebs kerZo seqtoris

organizaciaSi momuSave nebismieri Tanamdebobis pirs) Sida kanonmdebloba ar

saWiroebs cvlilebebs, vinaidan es winaaRmdegoba mxolod formaluri xasiaTisaa.

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT” gaTvaliswinebuli `specialuri

uflebamosilebis mqone piris~ cneba saSualebas iZleva, konvenciiT

gaTvaliswinebuli amocanebi srulad ganxorcieldes. konvenciis 34-e muxlSi saubaria korufciis Sedegebze, kerZod, korufciis rogorc

kontraqtebis gauqmebis safuZvelze. saqarTvelos “samoqalaqo kodeqsis” 54-e muxlis

Tanaxmad, baTilia garigeba, romelic arRveves kanoniT dadgenil wessa da akrZalvebs,

ewinaaRmdegeba sajaro wesrigs an zneobis normebs. aRniSnuli srulad akmayofilebs

konvenciis moTxovnebs. 37-e muxliT gansazRvrulia sasjelis Semsubuqebisa da imunitetis miniWebis

sakiTxebi im pirTa mimarT, romlebic monawileoben gamoZiebaSi an

sisxlissamarTlebriv devnaSi. am mxriv saqarTvelos sisxlis materialuri da

saproceso kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs mTel rig samarTlebriv institutebs

(saproceso garigebis formebi, danaSaulis qmediTi monanieba, imunitetiT

sargeblobis ufleba da a.S), romlebic harmonizebulni arian gansaxilvel

saerTaSoriso standartebTan. konvenciiT aseve gaTvaliswinebulia iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa iurisdiqciis

dadgena, samarTlebrivi urTierTdaxmareba, eqstradiciis wesi, samarTaldamcav

organoebs Soris TanamSromloba, erToblivi gamoZiebis warmarTvis wesi, qonebis

dabrunebisTvis gasatarebeli RonisZiebebi da a.S. aRniSnuli sferoebis

regulirebisas saqarTvelos Sida kanonmdebloba uSvebs specialuri urTierTobebis

saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT da SeTanxmebebiT gansazRvris SesaZleblobas.

amdenad, am TvalsazrisiT raime sakanonmdeblo dabrkoleba konvenciis debulebebis

aRsrulebis nawilSi ar unda warmoiqmnas.





16

II. “gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis konvencia

transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg” da

saqarTvelos moqmedi kanonmdebloba

am konvenciis ZiriTadi mizania transnacionaluri xasiaTis da organizebuli jgufis

monawileobiT Cadenil danaSaulebTan efeqtiani brZolis saerTo

sisxlissamarTlebrivi politikis SemuSaveba da am mimarTulebiT aqtiuri

saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis waxaliseba.

konvencia monawile saxelmwifoebs akisrebs valdebulebas, am konvenciiT

gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebisaTvis Sida kanonmdeblobaSi daadginon

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba, gaataron mowmeTa da dazaralebulTa

saxelmwifoebrivi dacvis uzrunvelyofis zomebi da Seqmnan Sesabamisi pirobebi am

sferoSi saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis xelSewyobis uzrunvelsayofad (erToblivi

gamoZiebis warmoeba, samarTlebrivi daxmareba, informaciis gacvla, eqstradiciis

sakiTxis gadawyveta da a.S).

konvenciis me-3 da 34-e muxlebi gansazRvravs aRniSnuli saerTaSoriso dokumentis

gamoyenebis sferos. kerZod, winamdebare konvenciis moqmedeba vrceldeba Semdegi

danaSaulebis mimarT (Tu isini atareben transnacionalur xasiaTs da Cadenilia

organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufis mier):

- danaSaulebi, romlebic dadgenilia konvenciis me-5, me-6, me-8 da 23-e

muxlebSi, e.i. danaSaulebi dakavSirebuli organizebul danaSaulebriv jgufSi

monawileobasTan, danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli Semosavlebis gaTeTrebasTan,

korufciasTan da marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisaTvis xelis SeSlasTan;

- mniSvnelovani, mZime danaSaulebi. is, Tu ra saxis danaSaulebi miekuTvneba

“mniSvnelovan danaSaulTa” kategorias, sxvadasxva qveynis kanonmdeblobaSi

SesaZloa, sxvadasxvagvarad iyos gadawyvetili, Tumca am konvenciis

miznebisaTvis danaSaulTa es tipi gansazRvrulia, rogorc kanonsawinaaRmdego

qmedeba, risTvisac sasjelis zomad gaTvaliswinebulia Tavisuflebis aRkveTa

4 wliT an meti vadiT.

konvenciis Tanaxmad, danaSauli atarebs transnacionalur xasiaTs, Tu is:

- Cadenilia erTze met saxelmwifoSi;

- Cadenilia erT saxelmwifoSi, magram misi momzadebis, dagegmvis,

xelmZRvanelobis an kontrolis arsebiTi nawili xorcieldeba sxva

saxelmwifoSi;

- Cadenilia erT saxelmwifoSi, magram damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis

monawileobiT, romelic danaSaulebriv saqmianobas eweva erTze met

saxelmwifoSi;

- Cadenilia erT saxelmwifoSi, magram Tavisi arsebiTi SedegebiT gavlena iqonia

sxva saxelmwifozec.

winamdebare saerTaSoriso aqtis saqarTvelos parlamentis mier ratificirebis

SemTxvevaSi, saWiro iqneba saqarTvelos Sida kanonmdeblobaSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebis

ganxorcieleba.





17

gansxvavebebi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da

ganxilul konvencias Soris

rogorc konvenciis me-3-e muxlis pirveli punqtidan irkveva, konvencia miznad

isaxavs transnacionaluri xasiaTis da organizebuli jgufis monawileobiT Cadenil

iseT danaSaulTa aRkveTis, gamoZiebisa da sisxlis samarTlebriv devnas

daqvemdebarebisaTvis aucilebel zomebis gatarebas, rogoricaa damnaSaveTa

organizirebul jgufSi monawileoba, danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli Semosavlebis

gaTeTreba (legalizacia), fulis gaTeTrebisa da korufciuli danaSaulebi da

marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisaTvis xelis SeSla.

damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufi

konvenciis me-2 muxlSi mocemulia terminTa ganmarteba - rogor unda iqnas gagebuli

konvenciis miznebisaTvis misi ZiriTadi cnebebi.

aRniSnul cnebaTa Soris gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania damnaSaveTa organizebuli

jgufis ganmarteba, romelic me-2 muxlis ,,a~ punqtSi Semdegnairadaa

Camoyalibebuli: ,,damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufi niSnavs erTi an ramdenime mZime

danaSaulis an am konvenciis Sesabamisad aseTad miCneuli danaSaulis Cadenis mizniT

drois gansazRvrul periodSi arsebul da SeTanxmebulad moqmed struqturuli

formis mqone, sami an meti pirisagan Semdgar jgufs, romlis mizania pirdapir an

arapirdapir miiRos finansuri an materialuri sargebeli.~

organizebul danaSaulTan dakavSirebul urTierTobebs saqarTvelos moqmed “sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqSi” aregulirebs 27-e muxlis me-3 nawili, romlis Tanaxmadac:

,,danaSauli organizebuli jgufis mieraa Cadenili, Tu igi ganaxorciela pirTa

myarma jgufma, romlebic winaswar SekavSirdnen ramdenime danaSaulis Casadenad.~

organizebuli danaSaulis am ori normiT SemoTavazebuli definicia

urTierTgansxvavebulia. Sesabamisad, konvenciis ratificirebis SemTxvevaSi,

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi garkveuli cvlilebebi iqneba gasatarebeli, kerZod,

gansxvavebebi mdgomareobs SemdegSi:

- saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTils kodeqsis” 27-e muxlis me-3 punqtiT,

organizebul jgufad miiCneva jgufi, Tu is Seqmnilia ramdenime danaSaulis

Cadenis mizniT. konvenciis Tanaxmad, jgufi SeiZleba Seiqmnas erTi an

ramdenime damaSaulis Casadenad. misTvis organizirebuli xasiaTis

miniWebisaTvis ar aris savaldebulo ramdenime danaSaulis Cadenis mizani.

- konvencia damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis aucilebel niSnad miiCnevs aseve

im garemoebas, rom jgufi unda arsebobdes garkveuli drois periodSi.

aRniSnulze saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” 27-e muxlSi aSkara

miTiTeba ar aris mocemuli, Tumca igi ivaraudeba, radgan organizebuli

xasiTis jgufis arseboba obieqturadaa dakavSirebuli drois garkveul

periodTan. jgufis Seqmna win unda uswrebdes danaSaulis Cadenas - imwuTieri,

spontanuri erTianobis safuZvelze agebuli jgufuri danaSauli ver

CaiTvleba damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis mier Cadenilad.





18

- saqarTvelos moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT, damnaSaveTa

organizebul jgufad ver CaiTvleba winaswari SeTanxmebiT Cadenili jgufuri

danaSauli, Tu am ukanasknelTan mimarTebaSi saxeze ar gvaqvs jgufis

organizebuli xasiaTi. gaeros konvenciis me-2 muxlis ,,c~ qvepunqtiT ki

mocemulia struqturuli formis mqone jgufis Semdegi definicia: jgufi,

,,romelic ar aris SemTxveviT Seqmnili danaSaulis dauyovnebliv Casadenad da

romelSic ar aris aucilebeli funqciebi formalurad iyos ganawilebuli mis

wevrTa Soris, wevrobas hqondes uwyveti xasiTi an Camoyalibebuli iyos

ganviTrebis struqtura~. amdenad, struqturuli formis jgufis umTavres

niSnad konvencia konvencia savaldebulod ar gansazRvravs am jgufis Sida

struqturuli agebulebis simyaresa da rolTa mkacr ganawilebas. konvenciis

Tanaxmad, damnaSaveTa organizebul jgufs SesaZloa hqondes rogorc mdgradi,

ise SedarebiT mgradi xasiaTi (magaliTad, a. tradiciuli anu ,,mafiozuri

ojaxi~, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebeblia ierarqiuli struqturebi, Sinagani

wesebi, disciplina, mdgradoba, qcevis kodeqsi da mravalferovani arakanonieri

saqmianoba; b. profesiuli danaSaulebrivi jgufebi, romelTa wevrebi

erTiandebian garkveuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Cadenis mizniT /es jgufebi

gansxvavedebian tradiciuli tipis jgufebisagan manevrulobiTa da mkacri

struqturebis ararsebobiT/; aseve g. eTnikuri, kulturuli da istoriul

kavSirebze dafuZnebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufebi da sxv).

- konvenciiT organizebuli jgufi moazrebulia rogorc sami, an meti piris

gaerTianeba, saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” 23-e muxli ki

danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobas gansazRvravs rogorc _ ,,ori an meti piris

ganzrax erTobliv monawileobas ganzraxi danaSaulis CadenaSi.~ am SemTxvevaSi

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT” gaTvaliswinebuli definicia

ufro marTebulia, vinaidan ori piris arseboba ukve gulisxmobs pirTa

jgufs, aseve ZalaTa da SesaZleblobaTa da danaSaulebriv mizanTa garkveul

gaerTianebas.

- gaeros konvencia damnaSaveTa organizirebuli jgufis aucilebel niSnad

miiCnevs aseve finansuri, an sxva materialuri sargeblis pirdapir an

arapirdapiri miRebis mizans, rac saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi ar aris

srulad gawerili.

organizebul danaSaulTan brZolis mimarTulebiT erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nabiji

qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi gadaidga 2004 wlis ivnisSi – ,,organizebuli danaSaulisa

da reketis Sesaxeb kanonisa~ da saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis, sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso da samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobebSi misgan gamomdinare

cvlilebebis ganxorcielebiT.

kanonma ,,organizebul danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~ reketi ganmarta rogorc –

,,Semosavlis an sxvagvari qonebrivi sargeblis sistematurad miRebis mizniT

warmoebuli araerTjeradi da organizebuli saqmianoba, romelic dakavSirebulia

ganzraxi danaSaulis CadenasTan (anu nasamarTloba ar aris gaqarwylebuli an

moxsnili), Tu igi ganxorcielda orjer mainc xuTi kalendaruli wlis

ganmavlobaSi, romelSic ar Sedis reketiris dapatimrebisa da sasjelis moxdis

vada~.





19

kanonma daamkvidra agreTve reketuli dajgufebisa da reketiri piris cnebebi:

reketuli dajgufeba aris - ,,Tavisi saqmianobiT reketTan dakavSirebuli iuridiuli

piri, agreTve fizikur da iuridiul pirTa nebismieri gaerTianeba~. reketiri piri

aris ,,piri, romelic damoukideblad an sxva pirTan erTad warmarTavs reketuli

dajgufebis saqmianobas, an sxvagvarad monawileobs reketuli dajgufebis

saqmianobaSi da misTvis cnobilia, rom es dajgufeba reketuli dajgufebaa, agreTve

ukanonod wyvets an monawileobs reketul dajgufebasa da sxva pirTa Soris davebis

gadawyvetaSi~.

reketis identuri Sinaarsis 171 muxli gaiwera saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsSic”, xolo amave kodeqsis 181-e muxls (gamoZalva) me-3 nawilad

(makvalificirebel garemoebad) daemata qmedebis reketiris mier Cadena.

organizebuli danaSulisa da reketis winaaRmdeg brZolis mniSvnelovan iaraRad iqca

reketuli qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis meqanizis

damkvidrebac. (ufro detalurad ganxilulia qvemoT).

mZime danaSauli

gaeros konvenciis me-2 muxlis ,,b~ punqtSi Camoyalibebulia mZime danaSaulis

ganmarteba, romlis Tanaxmadac ,,mZime danaSauls~ miekuTvneba danaSauli, romelic

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTis maqsimaluri vadiT aranakleb 4 wlisa an sasjelis

ufro mkacri zomiT.

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” me-12 muxlis me-3 nawiliT: “3. mZimea

iseTi ganzraxi danaSauli, romlis CadenisaTvis am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli

maqsimaluri sasjeli ar aRemateba aTi wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, agreTve

gaufrTxileblobiT danaSauli, romlis CadenisaTvis am kodeqsiT sasjelis saxiT

gaTvaliswinebulia Tavisuflebis aRkveTa xuT welze meti vadiT”. aRniSnuli definiciebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba, magram ara-winaaRmdegobrivia.

kontrolirebadi miwodeba

gaeros konvenciis me-2 muxlis pirveli punqti iTvaliwinebs ,,kontrolirebadi

miwodebis~ cnebis damkvidrebas. ,,kontrolirebadi miwodeba niSnavs meTods, romlis

gamoyenebis drosac dasaSvebia ukanono an saeWvo tvirTis partiebis Setana an gatana

erTi an ramdenime saxelmwifos teritoraze, am saxelmwifos kompetenturi

organoebis nebarTviT da zedamxedvelobiT, raime danaSaulis gamoZiebisa da

damnaSaveTa gamovlenis mizniT.~

konvenciis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, kontrolirebadi miwodeba miekuTvneba gamoZiebis

specialur meTods.

msgavsi meTodi saqarTvelos moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kanonmdeblobisTvis ucnobia.





20

konvenciis gamoyenebis sfero

gaeros konvenciis me-3 muxli aregulirebs konvenciis gamoyenebis sferos. konvenciiT

gaTvaliswinebul korufciul samarTaldarRvevebTan dakavSirebuli organizebuli

danaSaulebi, rogorc wesi, iSviaTadaa Semofargluli erTi saxelmwifos

teritoriiT da isini ufro farTo masStabebs iZenen. Sesabamisad, ganxiluli

konvencia, misi me-3-e muxlis Tanaxmad, vrceldeba korufciul samarTaldarRvevebze,

Tu isini transnacionaluri xasiaTisaa, anu:

- Cadenilia erTze met saxelmwifoSi;

- Cadenilia erT saxelmwifoSi, magram misi momzadebis, dagegmvis,

xelmZRvanelobis an kontrolis arsebiTi nawili xorcieldeba sxva

saxelmwifoSi;

- Cadenilia erT saxelmwifoSi, magram damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis

monawileobiT, romelic danaSaulebriv saqmianobas eweva erTze met

saxelmwifoSi;

- Cadenilia erT saxelmwifoSi, magram misi arsebTi Sedegebi vlindeba meore

saxelmwifoSi.

danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli Semosavlebis gaTeTrebis kriminalizacia

gaeros konvencia monawile saxelmwifoebs avaldebulebs, kanonmdeblobaSi asaxon da

organizebul danaSaulTa wres miakuTvnon:

- danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli qonebis gardaqmna an gadacema am qonebis

ukanono warmoSobis dafarvis an damalvis mizniT;

- danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli qonebis gardaqmna an gadacema danaSaulis

Camdeni pirisaTvis daxmarebis gawevis mizniT, raTa am ukanasknelma Tavi

aaridos sakuTari qmedebebis samarTlebriv Sedegebze pasuxismgeblobas da

- winaswari SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli qonebis namdvili xarisxis,

wyaros, adgilis, gankargvis xerxis, gadaadgilebis, qonebaze uflebis an misi

kuTvnilebis dafarva an damalva.

saqarTvelos moqmed kanonmdeblobaSi aRniSnul sakiTxs aregulirebs specialuri

kanoni „ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis aRkveTis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb“, romelic

emsaxureba ukanono Semosavlebis legalizaciis aRkveTasa da terorizmis

dafinansebis Tavidan acilebisaTvis aucilebeli zomebis samarTlebriv mowesrigebas.

aRniSnuli kanonis safuZvelze 2003 wlis 16 ivliss prezidentis brZanebulebiT

Seiqmna sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ saqarTvelos finansuri monitoringis

samsaxuri – romelsac evaleba saeWvo garigebebze angariSgebis formis dadgena.

aRniSnuli forma unda Seicavs informacias saeWvo garigebis, misi monawile pirebis

da sabanko angariSebis (sadac es SesaZlebelia) Sesaxeb. finansuri monitoringis

samsaxuri gansazRvravs da monitoringis ganmaxorcielebeli pirebis mier garigebis

saeWvoobis dadgenis mizniT awvdis maT informacias (CamonaTvals, miTiTebebs da a.S)

saeWvo garigebisa da misi monawile pirebis Sesaxeb.

garda amisa, danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli Semosavlebis gaTeTrebas saqarTvelos





21

„sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis“ 194-e muxli ganmartavs rogorc ukanono

Semosavlebis legalizacias da masze awesebs sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas.

am muxlis Tanaxmad, ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia aris fulisTvis an sxva

qonebisaTvis kanonieri saxis micema, aseve ukanono Semosavlis wyaros,

adgilmdebareobis, ganTavsebis, moZraobis, qonebis namdvili mesakuTris an mflobelis

anda qonebrivi uflebis damalva. saqarTvelos kanomdebloba iTvaliswinebs

damamZimebeli garemoebebis arsebobasac, rac ukavSirdeba am qmedebis Cadenis odenobas,

raodenobas da sxv.

amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi konvenciis es moTxovna

srulad aris asaxuli.

zedamxedvelobis reJimis daweseba bankebsa da arasabanko finansur organoebze

gaeros konvenciis me-7 muxli adgens monawile saxelmwifoTa kanonmdeblobaSi

fulis gaTeTrebis winaaRmdeg brZolis iseTi meTodebis asaxvis valdebulebas,

rogoricaa bankebisa da arasabanko finansuri organoebisa da sxva msgavsi

dawesebulebebis mimarT Sida regulirebisa da zedamxedvelobis reJimis dadgena.

saqarTvelos moqmed kanonmdeblobaSi aRniSnuli sferos samarTlebrivi regulireba,

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, xdeba „ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis aRkveTis

xelSewyobis Sesaxeb“ kanoniT, romelic gansazRvravs finansuri monitoringis

ganmaxorcielebel pirebs (komerciuli bankebi, valutis gadamcvleli punqtebi,

sabrokero kompaniebi da fasiani qaRaldebis registratorebi, sadazRvevo kompaniebi

da arasaxelmwifo sapensio sqemis damfuZneblebi, latariebisa da sxva momgebiani

TamaSebis momwyobi pirebi, Zvirfas liTonebTan, Zvirfas qvebTan da maT nawarmTan da

antikvarul nivTebtan dakavSirebuli saqmianobis ganmaxorcielebeli pirebi, sabaJo

organoebi, grantebisa da saqvelmoqmedo daxmarebebis gamcemi pirebi, safosto

organizaciebi da sxv.) da sazedamxedvelo organoebs (saqarTvelos erovnuli banki,

fasiani qaRaldebis erovnuli komisia, finansTa saministro da sxv.).

saxelmwifoTa Soris TanamSromloba

gaeros konvencia gansazRvravs organizebul danaSaulTan brZolis sferoSi

saxelmwifoTa Soris TanamSromlobisa da informaciis gacvlis ganmtkicebis

meqanizmebs. maT Sorisaa Sida finansuri dazvervis samsaxuris Seqmna. konvenciis

Tanaxmad, am samsaxurma fulis gaTeTrebis potenciur SemTxvevebSi unda imoqmedos

informaciis Segrovebis, analizisa da gavrcelebis centris saxiT.

saqarTveloSi am mizans emsaxureba finansuri monitoringis samsaxuri, romelic „ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis faqtebis gamovlenis mizniT iRebs monitoringis

ganmaxorcielebeli pirebisgan kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul informacias monitorings

daqvemdebarebul garigebaTa Sesaxeb, aanalizebs mas da kanoni gaTvaliswinebul

SemTxvevaSi gadaugzavnis Sesabamis organoebs, qmnis sainformacio qsels,

axorcielebs miRebuli informaciis sistematizaciasa da analizs, uzrunvelyofs

Sesabamis monacemTa bazis Seqmnas da normalur funqcionirebas“ da sxv.

korufciuli danaSaulis kriminalizacia





22

gaeros konvenciis me-8 muxli exeba wevr saxelmwifoTa mier korufciis

kriminalizaciis valdebulebas.

korufciasTan brZolis samarTlebriv regulirebas saqarTvelos moqmed

sakanonmdeblo sivrceSi, qarTul sinamdvileSi misi aqtualobidan gamomdinare,

gansakuTebuli adgili ukavia. korufciasTan dakavSirebul urTierTobebs

aregulirebs rogorc „sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis“ Sesabamisi muxlebi, aseve 1997

wlis specialuri kanoni ,,sajaro samsaxurSi interesTa SeuTavseblobisa da

korufciis winaaRmdeg~. koruficiasTan brZolis mniSvnelovan samarTlebriv iaraRad

iqca Tanamdebobis pirTa ukanono da dausabuTebeli qonebis administraciuli

warmoebis gziT CamorTmevis meqanizmic.

konvenciis Tanaxmad, monawile saxelmwifoebma unda moaxdinon iseT qmedebaTa

kriminalizacia, rogoricaa:

- sajaro moxelisaTvis pirdapir da arapirdapir, raime aramarTzomieri

upiratesobis dapireba, SeTavazeba an miniWeba, am moxelis an sxva iuridiuli

Tu fizikuri piris sasargeblod, imisaTvis, rom am moxelem misi

Tanamdebobrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas ganaxorcielos raime moqmedeba an

Tavi Seikavos raime moqmedebis ganxorcielebisagan;

- agreTve zemoT aRniSnuli mizniT sajaro moxelis mier pirdapir an

arapirdapir, raime aramarTlzomieri upiratesobis miReba an moTxovna.

,,saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis

Sesaxeb~ iusticiis saministros mier momzadebuli kanonproeqti ayalibebs sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis 338-e (qrTamis aReba) da 339-e (qrTamis miReba) muxlebis

axlebur formulirebas, romelic warmodgens konvenciis miTiTebuli moTxovnisa da

moqmed normaTa Sejerebul variants. marTebuli iqneboda kanonproeqtiT kodeqsze

3391 muxlis (korufciuli zemoqmedeba) damatebac, rac uzrunvelyofda meqrTameobaSi

Suamavlobis kriminalizacias.

konvenciis me-8 muxlis me-2 punqtis moTxovniT, savaldebuloa aseve iseTi

korufciuli qmedebebis danaSaulad aRiareba, romlebic Cadenilia ucxo qveynis

sajaro moxelis an saerTaSoriso samoqalaqo samsaxurSi myofi piris mier.

„saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis

Sesaxeb~ kanonproeqtiT 338-e muxlis SeniSvnaSi 338-e, 339-e da 3391 muxlebiT

aRniSnuli moTxovna zedmiwevniTaa realizebuli.

iuridiuli piris pasuxismgebloba

gaeros konvenciis me-10 muxli exeba iuridiul pirTa pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxs.

konvenciiT iuridiuli pirTa pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba iyos sisxlissamarTlebrivi,

samoqalaqo da administraciuli.


Sesaxeb~ kanonproeqtiT „sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss“ emateba meeqvse1 kari _

iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba – romlis debulebaTa

Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlis subieqtebi SeiZleba iyvnen samewarmeo da arasamewarmeo





23

iuridiuli pirebi. kanonproeqtiT maTze vrceldeba „sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT“

gaTvaliwinebuli normebi, Tu maTSi sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliwinebuli, an Tu

SeuZleblia maTi gamoyeneba iuridiuli piris mimarT da isini Cadenilia misi

xelmZRvanelobis an warmomadgenlobis uflebamosilebis mqone piris mier an

iuridiuli piris saxeliT, misi meSveobiT an mis sasargeblod.

proeqtiT iuridiul pirs sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba

daekisros: - 143

1 adamianiT vaWroba;

- 1432, arasrulwlovaniT vaWroba;

- 194-e ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia;

- 221-e komerciuli mosyidva;

- 2241,, 323_330 terorizmi;

- 3311 terorizmis dafinanseba

(proeqti);

- 338-e qrTamis aReba;

- 339-e qrTamis micema;

- 372-e mowmis dazaralebulis, eqspertis Tarjimnis mosyidva da iZuleba

muxlebSi gansazRvrul da sxva Sesabamis SemTxvevebSi.

iuridiuli pirisaTvis gaTvaliwinebulia sasjelis Semdegi saxeebi:

- likvidacia;

- saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva;

- jarima da

- qonebis CamorTmeva.

iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobasTan dakavSirebiT, upirveles

yovlisa, dgeba bralis sakiTxi. saqarTvelos ”sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” me-7

muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad: ,,sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuximgeblobis

safuZvelia danaSauli, e.i. am kodeqsiT gaTvaliwinebuli marTlsawinaaRmdego da

braleuli qmdeba~. amdenad, kanonmdebeli danaSaulis Semadgenlobis aucilebel

niSnad miiCnevs bralis arsebobas, rac qmnis danaSaulis subieqtur mxares da

warmoadgens sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis aucilebel safuZvels.

sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebaSi brals ganmartaven, rogorc ,,piris gasakicx

fsiqikur damokidebulebas qmdebasa da misi Sedegisadmi~, rac iuridiul pirs

rTulad esadageba. Sesabamisad, marTebuli iqneboda iuridiul pirTan mimarTebaSi,

nacvlad sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisa, dawesebuliyo samoqalaqo da

administraciuli samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba.

eqstradicia

gaeros konvenciis me-16 muxli exeba eqstradiciis sakiTxs. misi pirveli punqtis

Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli muxli gamoiyeneba am konvenciiT gaTvaliwinebul danaSulebaTa

Camdenis mimarT, Tu danaSauli Cadenilia pirTa organizebuli jgufis mier. amasTan,

qmedeba, romlis gamoc moiTxoveba eqstradicia, dasjadi unda iyos rogorc Txovnis

gamgzavni, ise mimRebi monawile saxelmwifos Sida kanonmdeblobiT.





24

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-13 muxlis me-3 punqtis Tanaxmad, ,,saqarTvelos

moqalaqis ucxo saxelmwifosaTvis gadacema akrZalulia~. konstitucia am kuTxiT

mxolod erT gamonaklis uSvebs - saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli

SemTxveva. eqstradiciis Taobaze sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTvis ufleba (amave muxlSi)

konstituciiTvea garantirebuli.

eqstradiciis sakiTxs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi aregulirebs

“sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” me-6 muxli, romlis Tanaxmadac, saqarTvelos

moqalaqe, agreTve am TvalsazrisiT masTan uflebrivad gaTanabrebuli saqarTveloSi

mudmivad mcxovrebi moqalaqeobis armqone piri, sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi

misacemad an sasjelis mosaxdelad, ar SeiZleba eqstradirebuli iyos sxva

saxelmwifoSi, Tu saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba sxva rames ar iTvaliwinebs.

amave muxlis me-2 nawili exeba saqarTvelos teritoriaze myofi ucxo qveynis

moqalaqisa da moqalaqeobis armoqne piris eqstradicias. aRniSnuli muxlis me-3-e

nawilis Tanaxmad, dauSvebelia im piris sxva saxelmwifosaTvis gadacema, romelic

idevneba politikuri mrwamsisaTvis; im qmedebisaTvis, romelic saqarTvelos

kanonmdeblobiT ar miekuTvneba danaSaulebs; an Tu Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis

eqstradiciis momTxovn qveyanaSi gaTvaliswinebulia sikvdiliT dasja.

saqarTvelo 2001 wlis 16 Tebervals miuerTda 1957 wlis evropul konvencias

,,eqstradiciis Sesaxeb~. Sesabamisasd, saqarTvelos moqmedi kanonmdebloba aRniSnul

sakiTxSi srulad Seesabameba konvenciis me-16 muxlSi mocemul debulebebs.

mowmeTa dacva

gaeros konvenciis 24-e da 25-e muxlebi monawile saxelmwifoebs avaldebulebs,

gaataron mowmeTa da dazaralebulebis saxelmwifoebrivi dacvis uzrunvelyofis

zomebi. am TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos moqmedi kanonmdebloba mniSvnelovan daxvewas

saWiroebs.

“sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis” 109-e muxli garkveulwilad iTvaliwinebs

procesis monawileTa danaSaulebrivi xelyofisagan dacvas (kanoni uzrunvelyofs maT

dacvas im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maT winaaRmdeg Cadenilia ukanono qmedeba an arsebobs

aseTi qmedebis Cadenis safrTxe). aRniSnuli muxlis me-6 punqtis Tanaxmad, am pirTa

mimarT SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas iseTi RoniZiebebi, rogoricaa “saxelisa da

gvaris, piradobis damadasturebeli dokumentis an garegnobis Secvla, sxva agilas

gadasaxleba, sxva samuSaoze mowyoba), Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom miTiTebuli

normis arseboba srulad ar akmayofilebs gaeros konvenciis Sesabamis moTxovnebs,

romelTa mixedviT, mowmeTa da dazaralebulTa dacvisaTvis konkretuli

procedurebi unda iyos gansazRvruli.

gaeros konvencia mowmeTa dacvis mizniT iTvaliwinebs saxelmwifoTa Soris

SeTanxmebebisa da morigebebis dadebis SesaZleblobasac.

mowmeTa da dazaralebulTa dacvis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa sazRvargareTis

qveynebis praqtikis gaTvaliwineba. danaSaulTan brZolis saerTaSoriso praqtika

adasturebs, rom gansakuTrebul warmatebebs am mimarTulebiT aRweven is





25

saxelmwifoebi, sadac arsebobs mowmeTa efeqturi dacvis samarTlebrivi

uzrunvelyofa. ruseTSi moqmedebs specialuri kanoni: ,,dazaralebulTa, mowmeTa da

sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis sxva monawileTa saxelmwifo dacvis Sesaxeb~, romelSic

gaTvaliswinebulia mowmeTa da maTi axloblebis piradi da sakuTrebis dacva,

individualuri dacvis specialuri saSualebebis gacema, sxva adgilas sacxovreblad

gadayvana, dokumentebis Secvla da sxva.

farTodaa cnobili amerikis SeerTebli Statebis praqtika, sadac mowmeTa dacva

xdeba dokumentebis, garegnobis da sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvlis uzrunvelyofiT.

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis kanonTa kodeqsis me-18 titulis $3521-iT

generalur prokurors ufleba aqvs, organizebul danaSaulTa an sxva mZime

danaSaulebaTa saqmeebze oficialuri sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros federalur an

Statis xelisuflebas mosTxovos mowmis an SesaZlo mowmis sacxovrebeli adgilis

Secvla an sxva usafrTxoebis RoniZiebis gamoyeneba, Tu generaluri prokurori

miiCnevs, rom mowmis mimarT SesaZloa ganxorcieldes miTiTebuli titulis 73-e

TaviT gaTvaliswinebuli (an Statis kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli msgavsi

danaSaulebrivi qmedeba). igive RoniZiebebi SesaZloa gatardes mowmis ojaxis

wevrebis mimarTac.

inglisuri kanonmdeblobiT daSvebulia im dazaralebulis saxelisa da misamarTis

konfindecialurobis dacva, romelic mowmis saxiT gamodis sasamarTloze. mas aseve

SeiZleba mieces ufleba, Cveneba misces specialuri ekranis miRma.

sisxlissamarTlebrivad dasjadia seqsualuri danaSaulis msxverplis saxelis,

misamarTis, fotosa Tu nebismieri sxva im detalis publikacia, romliTac SeiZleba

moxdes msxverplis identifikacia.

igive gziT wavida italiuri kanonmdebloba, ramac mas SesaZlebloba misca bolomde

mieyvana mafias winaaRmdeg gamarTuli sasamarTlo procesebi. italiaSi kanoni

srulad icavs mowmis anonimurobas – mowmes svamen Sirmis iqiT an sxva oTaxSi da

Sesabamisad mis saxes veravin xedavs. procesis damTavrebis Semdeg mowmes SeuZlia

Seicvalos gvari, miiRos sxva pasproti, an sxva saxelmwifos moqalaqeoba da

saidumlod datovos italiis teritoria. saxelmwifo sazRvargareT mas

uzrunvelyofs biniT, samuSao adgiliT da dacviT. msurvelebs SeuZliaT gaikeTon

plastikuri operaciac.

mowmeTa dacvis saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani nabiji

gadaidga 1985 wlis 29 noembers gaeros generaluri asambleis mier ,,xelisuflebis

borotad gamoyenebisa da danaSaulis msxverplTa dacvis marTlmsajulebis ZiriTadi

principebis Sesaxeb~ deklaraciis miRebiT. gaerom saxelmwifoTagan moiTxova

dazaralebulTaTvis im uxerxulobaTa minimumamde dayvana, romlebic ukavSirdeba

marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas.

mowmeTa dacvis sakiTxi ganixileboda agreTve evrosabWos CarCoSic im standartebis

farglebSi, romlebic dadgenilia adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa

dacvis Sesaxeb 1950 wlis konvenciiT. strasburgis adamianis uflebaTa evropuli

sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT aRiarebulia, rom im monacemebis gamoyeneba, romlebic

sasamarTlo ganxilvis etapze mtkicebulebebis saxiT iqna warmodgenilu anonimuri

mowmeebis mier, unda Seesabamebodes konvenciis moTxovnebs.





26

zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, marTebuli iqneba Tuki qarTuli kanonmdebloba

SeimuSavebs dazaralebulTa da mowmeTa dacvis ufro efeqtur da konkretul

meqanizmebs; gansazRvravs im pirTa wres, romlebzec unda gavrceldes es meqanizmebi

da dasaxavs maTi cxovrebaSi gatarebis realur gzebs. bunebrivia, aRniSnuli

meqanizmebis danergva mWidro kavSirSia dafinansebis problemasTan.

konfiskacia

termini ,,konfiskacia~ laTinuri warmoSobisaa (confiscatio) da sityvasityviT xazinis sasargeblod raRacis CamorTmevas niSnavs. Tanamedrove gagebiT konfiskacia

gulisxmobs sakuTrebis iZulebiT usasyidlo CamorTmevas saxelmwifos sasargeblod.

konfiskacia xasiaTdeba ramdenime TaviseburebiT, kerZod:

- konfiskacia aris iZulebiTi zoma: sakuTrebis CamorTmeva xdeba iZulebiTi

wesiT, miuxedavad misi mesakuTris nebisa;

- konfiskacias eqvemdebareba nebismieri sakuTreba: nivTebi, fuli, fasiani

qaRaldebi da sxva. amiT konfiskacia gansxavdeba jarimisa da sxva

zemoqmedebis im zomaTagan, romlebic ukavSirdeba fulad gadaxdas;

- konfiskaciiT sakuTreba amoiReba saxelmwifos da ara sxva kerZo pirebis

sasargeblod.

safuZvlebisa da miznebis mixedviT gamoyofen konfiskaciis 3 saxes:

- sasjeli Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis: am TvalsazrisiT konfiskacia warmodgens

iZulebis RonisZiebas, romelic gamoiyeneba danaSaulis Camdeni piris mimarT.

mas aqvs Cadenili qmedebisaTvis SurisgebiTi xasiaTi da gamoiyeneba

samarTlianobis aRdgenisa da Semdgomi danaSaulis prevenciis mizniT;

- specialuri konfiskacia: danaSaulis Cadenis iaraRisa da saSualebis, agreTve

danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli qonebis konfiskacia. am SemTxvevaSi

danaSaulis Cadenis iaraRi SeiZleba iyos rogorc samoqalaqo brunvidan

amoRebuli nivTebi, romlebic faqtiur mflobelTan ukanonod imyofeba,

agreTve kanonier mflobelobaSi myofi nivTebic.

- sasjelTa gansazRvruli saxeebis Sefardebis Sedegi: am SemTxvevaSi

konfiskacia gamoiyeneba saxelmwifos fiskaluri interesebidan gamomdinare.

aseve msjavrdebulis ojaxis dasjis mizniT, radgan ivaraudeba, rom

CamorTmeuli qoneba arakanonieri gziT iyo mopovebuli.

konfiskacia aseve SeiZleba gamoiyenebodes rogorc sanqcia zogierTi

samarTaldarRvevisaTvis. am funqciiT konfiskacia ganisazRvreba sami saxis

kanonmdeblobaSi:

- sabaJo;

- administraciul da

- samoqalaqo.

gaeros konvenciis me-12 muxli ,,konfiskacia da yadaRa~ exeba am cnebaTa monawile

saxelmwifoTa kanonmdeblobaSi damkvidrebis moTxovnas. am muxlis pirveli punqti

monawile saxelmwifoebs avaldebulebs, TavianT Sida kanonmdeblobaSi gansazRvron

iseTi zomebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli an





27

Sesabamisi Rirebulebis qonebis (aseve konvenciiT gaTvaliwinebuli danaSaulebebis

Casadenad gamoyenebuli an gamosayeneblad gankuTvnili qonebis, mowyobilobis an sxva

saSualebis) CamorTmevas.

konfiskaciis, rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi damatebiTi sasjelis cneba cnobili

iyo sabWouri sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobisTvis. igi SemorCa damoukidebeli

saqarTvelos respublikis sisxlis samarTalsac, Tumca 1997 wlis 21 ivlisis

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, im periodSi moqmedi

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 23-e muxlis me-5 nawilis 1 punqti da

96-e muxlis me-2 nawilis sanqciis is nawili, romelSic damatebiTi sasjelis saxiT

konfiskacia iyo gaTvaliwinebuli, arakonstituciurad iqna cnobili.

aRniSnuli muxlebi iTvaliswinebda piradi sakuTrebis konfiskacias. specialur

konfiskacias (danaSaulebrivi gziT SeZenili qonebis) sakonstitucio sasamarTlo ar

Sexebia. Sesabamisad, marTalia, dRes moqmedi kanonmdebloba konfiskacias, rogorc

sisxlissamarTlebrivi sasjelis saxes ar icnobs, Tumca uSvebs Semdeg gamonakliss:

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” 44-e muxlis me-3-e nawils Tanaxmad, “3.

danaSaulis Camdeni piris mimarT am kodeqsis 214-e (sabaJo wesis darRveva) da 344-

e (sazRvris ukanono gadakveTa) muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi sasjelTan

erTad SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas sisxlissamarTlebrivi iZulebiTi RonisZieba

danaSaulis sagnis an saSualebis CamorTmevis saxiT (05.05.2000. #292)”.

“sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” 52-e muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs

msjavrdebulisTvis mis sakuTrebaSi an kanonier mflobelobaSi arsebuli danaSaulis

Casadenad gamoyenebuli nivTis usasyidlod CamorTmevasac. am muxlis Tanaxmad,

msjavrdebuls CamoerTmeva nivTi, romelic masTan kanonier safuZvelze imyofeba.

saqarTvelos konstituciis 21-e muxliT ganmtkicebuli sakuTrebis uflebis

xelyofis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, amave muxlis me-2 nawilma imperatiuli

debulebiT daadgina, rom CamorTmevis sakiTxis gadawyveta mxolod sasamarTlos

kompetenciaa. aseve kanonmdebelma, aRniSnulTan mimarTebaSi, zustad gansazRvra is

garemoebebi, rodesac SesaZlebeli xdeba miTiTebuli muxlis gamoyeneba, esenia:

- saxelmwifo an sazogadoebrivi aucilebloba;

- calkeul pirTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva;

- axali danaSaulis Cadenis Tavidan acileba.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba ganmartavs saproceso konfiskaciis

cnebas: “sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis” 44-e muxli – ”saproceso

konfiskacia – danaSaulis iaraRisa da sagnis usasyidlod CamorTmeva.”

saproceso konfiskacia vrceldeba im nivTze, romelic:

- warmoadgenda nivTier mtkicebulebas;

- iyo danaSaulis Cadenis iaraRi, saSualeba an sagani.

orive am SemTxvevaSi konfiskaciis, rogorc pasuximgeblobis RonisZieba gamoiricxeba,

vinaidan pirvel SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs sazogadoebrivi uSiSroebidan gamomdinare

iseTi nivTis CamorTmevas, romlis meSveobiTac moxda danaSaulis Cadena, xolo

meore – iseTi qonebis CamorTmevas, romelic pirTan imyofeba aramarTlzomier

mflobelobaSi da amave dros miRebulia danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad.





28

winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze saqmis Sewyvetisas materialuri Rirebulebis mqone

nivTieri mtkicebulebis ganadgureba, saproceso konfiskacia da gadacema xdeba

mxolod mosamarTlis dadgenilebis safuZvelze. am sakiTxs mosamarTle ganixilavs

yvela dainteresebuli piris monawileobiT, im cnobisa da sxva dokumentebis

safuZvelze, romlebic momkvlevma an gamomZiebelma waradgina.


Sesaxeb~ kanonproeqti iTvaliwinebs “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” me-40 muxlSi

(sasjelis saxeebi) qonebis CamorTmevis damatebas da 41-e muxlis zemoT aRniSnuli

me-3-e nawilis gauqmebas. axleburadaa formulirebuli 52-e muxlic, romlis

Tanaxmadac, ,,qonebis CamorTmeva niSnavs danaSaulis sagnis an/da saSualebis,

danaSaulis Casadenad gamiznuli nivTis, an/da danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli

qonebis saxelmwifos sasargeblod usasyidlo CamorTmevas.~

proeqtiT qonebis CamorTmeva gamoiyeneba yvela ganzrax danaSaulTan mimarTebaSi,

maSin roca konvenciis moTxovna vrceldeba mxolod masSi gaTvaliswinebul

danaSaulTa mimarT. unda aRiniSnos, rom am TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos

kanonmdebloba akmayofilebs konvenciis moTxovnebs, ramdenadac masSi

gaTvaliswinebulia Tanamdebobis pirTa ukanono da dausabuTebeli CamorTmevisa da

reketuli qonebis CamorTmevis meqanizmebi. danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebis

legalizaciis winaaRmdeg brZolis efeqtur saSualebebia gawerili ,,ukanono

Semosavlebis legalizaciis aRkveTis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb~ kanonSic. Tumca,

konvenciasTan srul SesabamisobaSi moyvanis mizniT qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi

dasamatebelia sxva qonebad gardaqmnili an Secvlili qonebis konfiskaciis, agreTve

sxva qonebasTan Sereuli danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebis gamoyofasTan

dakavSirebuli debulebebi.





29

korufciaze sisxlis samarTlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis

konvenciebi da


,,korufciaze sisxlis samarTlis konvencia" miRebul iqna 1999 wlis 27

ianvars, xolo ,,korufciaze samoqalaqo samarTlis konvencia" _ 1999 wlis 4

noembers q. strasburgSi.

warmodgenili konvenciebi ZiriTadad gansazRvravs korufciis winaaRmdeg

saxelmwifoTa jgufis (GRECO) mier gasatarebel antikorufciul zomebs, am

sferoSi saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis principebs da konvenciis Sesrulebis

monitoringis meqanizmebs. maTi mizania evropis sabWos wevri saxelmwifoebis mier

korufciasTan efeqturi brZolis saerTo sisxlisamarTlebrivi da samoqalaqo

samarTlebrivi politikis SemuSaveba da am mimarTulebiT aqtiuri saerTaSoriso

TanamSromloba.

,,korufciaze sisxlis samarTlis konvenciisgan" gansxvavebiT, ,,korufciaze

samoqalaqo samarTlis konvencia" ar aniWebs xelmomwer saxelmwifoebs uflebas,

konvenciis debulebaTa mimarT daTqmebi gaakeTon. erTaderT gamonakliss am kuTxiT

warmoadgens konvenciis teritoriuli gamoyenebis sakiTxi.

saqarTvelos (romelic GRECO-s wevr qveyanaTa Sorisaa) mier evro sabWos

atnikorufciuli konvenciebis ratificireba mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels

korufciasTan brZolis sferoSi evropis sabWosTan TanamSromlobis gaZlierebas da

saqarTvelos integracias erTian saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv sivrceSi.

saqarTvelos Sida kanonmdeblobis aRniSnul saerTaSoriso aqtebTan

SesabamisobaSi moyvanis mizniT saWiroa qveynis kanonmdeblobaSi garkveuli

cvlilebebis Setana. qvemoT mocemulia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da am

konvenciebs Soris arsebuli gansxvavebebis mokle analizi.





30

III. „korufciaze sisxlis samarTlis konvencia“ da


sisxlissamarTlebrivi danaSauli

“korufciis sisxlis samarTlis konvencia” sisxlissamarTlebriv danaSaulad

ganixilavs iseT qmedebas, romelic gamoixateba nebismieri piris mier ganzrax,

pirdapir an arapirdapir, ama Tu im moqmedebis Sesrulebis, an samsaxurebrivi

funqciiT gaTvaliswinebuli moqmedebisgan Tavis Sekavebis sanacvlod romelime

saxelmwifo moxelisaTvis, misi an sxva piris interesebisken mimarTuli

gaumarTlebeli upiratesobis micemaSi, an am upiratesobis dapirebasa Tu

SeTavazebaSi.

konvenciaSi gaTvaliswinebuli zemoaRniSnuli danaSaulebebis niSnebs Seicavs

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” XXXIX Tavis /samoxeleo danaSauli/

338-e /qrTamis aReba/ da 339-e /qrTamis micema/ muxlebi, Tumca am muxlebSi saubaria

mxolod qrTamis aRebasa da micemaze, dapireba da SeTavazeba ki danaSaulebriv

qmedebebad ar ganixileba.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT qrTamis micema formalur danaSauls warmoadgens,

dapirebis micema an SeTavazeba ki – danaSaulis erT-erT stadias. “sisxlis samarTlis

kanonmdebloba” icnobs danaSaulis momzadebisa da mcdelobis sxva stadiebsac,

kerZod, me-18 muxlis pirveli nawili /momzadeba anu danaSaulis CadenisaTvis

pirobebis ganzrax Seqmna/ da me-19 muxlis pirveli nawili /mcdeloba anu ganzraxi

qmedeba/ miesadageba im SemTxvebebs, roca garkveuli qmedeba mimarTulia danaSaulis

Cadenisken, magram danaSauli bolomde ar aris miyvanili.

konvenciis me-15 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dapirebis micema da SeTavazeba, SesaZloa,

danaSaulis momzadebis calkeul stadiebad ganvixiloT, Tumca saqarTvelos “sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsiT” sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba gaTvaliswinebulia

mxolod mZime da gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis momzadebisaTvis. “sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis” 339-e muxliT gansazRvruli danaSauli ki naklebad mZime

danaSaulTa kategorias ganekuTvneba da Sesabamisad, konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli

qmedebis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi, SesaZloa, arc dadges.

rac Seexeba “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” 338-e muxls, am debulebis me-3 nawilis

`g~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Semadgenloba gamoZalvas miiCnevs

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel garemoebad.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros mier momzadebulia

kanonproeqti, romelic garkveulwilad aregulirebs ganxilul problematikas.

kerZod, proeqtSi “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” 338-e muxlis pirveli nawili da

339-e muxli Camoyalibebulia Semdegi redaqciiT:

`muxli 338 (1):

moxelis an masTan gaTanabrebuli piris mier pirdapir an arapirdapir fulis,






31

upiratesobis miReba an moTxovna, aseve aseTis SeTavazebis an dapirebis miReba, Tavis

an sxva piris sasargeblod, raTa am moxelem an masTan gaTanabrebulma pirma

Tanamdebobrivi ufleba-movaleobebis Sesrulebisas qrTamis mimcemis an sxva piris

sasargeblod ganaxorcielos raime moqmedeba an Tavi Seikavos raime moqmedebis

ganxorcielebisagan an gamoiyenos Tavisi Tanamdebobrivi avtoriteti analogiuri

miznis misaRwevad, agreTve mis mier samsaxurebrivi mfarvelobis ganxorcieleba, _

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT xuTidan aT wlamde.”

`muxli 339. qrTamis micema

1. moxelisaTvis an masTan gaTanabrebuli pirisaTvis, pirdapir an arapirdapir,

fulis, fasiani qaRaldis, sxva qonebis, qonebrivi sargeblis an sxva raime

aramarTlzomieri upiratesobis dapireba, SeTavazeba an miniWeba moxelis (masTan

gaTanabrebuli piris) an sxva piris sasargeblod, raTa am moxelem (masTan

gaTanabrebulma pirma) Tanamdebobrivi ufleba-movaleobebis Sesrulebisas qrTamis

mimcemis an sxva piris sasargeblod ganaxorcielos raime moqmedeba an Tavi Seikavos

raime moqmedebis ganxorcielebisagan an gamoiyenos Tavisi Tanamdebobrivi avtoriteti

analogiuri miznis misaRwevad, agreTve ganaxorcielos samsaxurebrivi mfarveloba, _

isjeba jarimiT an gamasworebeli samuSaoTi vadiT or wlamde an Tavisuflebis

SezRudviT imave vadiT an tusaRobiT vadiT sam Tvemde anda Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT

vadiT or wlamde.

2. igive qmedeba, Cadenili:

a) ukanono qmedebis Casadenad;

b) organizebuli jgufis mier, _

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT oTxidan rva wlamde.

SeniSvna:

1. sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan Tavisufldeba qrTamis mimcemi, Tu

mas qrTami gamosZales an Tu man qrTamis micemis Sesaxeb nebayoflobiT ganacxada

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRmZvrel organoSi.

2. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebisaTvis iuridiuli piri isjeba jarimiT.~

subieqtTa wre

“korufciis sisxlis samarTlis konvenciis” momdevno muxlebi gansazRvravs

aRniSnul samarTaldarRvevaTa subieqtebs, kerZod, am danaSaulTa Semadgenlobis

savaldebulo subieqtTa Soris arian wevri saxelmwifos:

- sakanonmdeblo da administraciuli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi;

- ucxo qveynis saxelmwifo moxeleebi da warmomadgenlobiTi funqciis mqone

pirebi;

- saerTaSoriso organizaciebis moxeleebi;

- saerTaSoriso saparlamento asambleis wevrebi;

- saerTaSoriso sasamarTloebis mosamarTleebi da moxeleebi.

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi” zemoT CamoTvlil subieqtTa mxridan

korufciuli samarTaldarRvevis CadenisaTvis pasuxismgeblobas ar iTvaliswinebs,

Tumca iusticiis saministros mier momzadebul kanonproeqtSi Cadebulia debulebebi,

romelTa Tanaxmad, kodeqsis saTanado muxlebis miznebisaTvis saxelmwifo

moxelesTan gaTanabrebuli piri aseve gulisxmobs:





32

- ucxo qveynis saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirs (maT Soris sakanonmdeblo an/da

administraciuli uflebamosilebis ganmaxorcielebeli saxelmwifo organos

wevrs);

- im saerTaSoriso organizaciis an organos, romelTa wevri aris

saqarTvelo, Tanamdebobis pirs an xelSekrulebis safuZvelze daqiravebul

TanamSromels;

- aseve nebismier mivlinebul an aramivlinebul pirs, romelic asrulebs am

Tanamdebobis piris an TanamSromlis funqciebis Sesabamis funqciebs;

- im saerTaSoriso saparlamento krebis wevrs, romlis monawile

saqarTveloa;

- im saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos an sasamarTlo organos mosamarTles da

Tanamdebobis pirs, romlis iurisdiqcias cnobs saqarTvelo.

Suamavloba

“korufciis sisxlis samarTlis konvenciis” me-12 muxli aseve danaSaulad acxadebs

uaryofiTi gavlenis moxdenaSi Suamavlobas, anu nebismieri piris mier konvenciis me-

2 da me-3 muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis ganxorcielebas konvenciiT

gansazRvrul subieqtebze zegavlenis moxdenis mizniT miuxedavad imisa,

ganxorcielda Tu ara es zegavlena, an mohyva Tu ara mas winaswar ganzraxuli

Sedegi.

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi” ar axdens korufciul danaSaulSi

Suamavlobis kriminalizacias. zemoaRniSnuli saxis Suamavlobis kriminalizacias arc

iusticiis saministros mier momzadebuli Sesabamisi kanonproeqti iTvaliswinebs.

aq unda aRiniSnos, rom es sakiTxi ukeT iyo daregulirebuli saqarTvelos 1960

wels miRebul da 1961 wels amoqmedebul “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi”, romlis

189(1) muxlis Tanaxmad, danaSaulad cxaddeboda meqrTameobaSi Suamavloba da igi

isjeboda Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT 2-dan 8 wlamde.

fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis pasuxismgebloba

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT korufciul qmedebad ganixileba mxolod Tanamdebobis

piris mier Cadenili korufciuli danaSauli, Tumca “korufciis sisxlis samarTlis

konvencia” korufciuli qmedebis subieqtTa wres miakuTvnebs kerZo fizikur da

iuridiul pirebsac (me-18 muxli, pirveli da mesame punqtebi).

danaSaulis Cadenis daxmareba, waqezeba

“korufciis sisxlis samarTlis konvenciis” me-15 muxlis Tanaxmad, yvela monawile

saxelmwifom unda gaataros Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi zomebi, sisxlis samarTlebriv

danaSaulad dadgindes danaSaulis CadenaSi daxmareba an am danaSaulis Cadenis

waqezeba.





33

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi” waqezeba da danaSaulSi daxmareba calke

danaSaulTa Semadgenlobis saxiT ar aris gansazRvruli, isini ganxilulia

danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis formebad. kodeqsis 24-e muxlis mixedviT, wamqezebelia

piri, romelmac sxva piri daiyolia ganzraxi danaSaulis Cadenaze, xolo damxmarea

piri, romelmac xeli Seuwyo danaSaulis Cadenas.

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis” 145-e muxli calke danaSaulad

ganixilavs danaSaulis provokacias, rac gulisxmobs misi SemdomSi

sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi micemis mizniT piris danaSaulis Cadenaze

dayoliebas.

iuridiuli piris pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi

“korufciis sisxlis samarTlis konvenciis” erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani

samarTlebrivi novaciaa iuridiuli piris pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi. es novacia

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi konceptualuri saxis clilebebs moiTxovs. konvenciis

Tanaxmad, monawile saxelmwifoebma unda daaweson sanqciebi am konvenciiT

gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis (meqrTameoba, fulis gaTeTreba da a.S.) iuridiuli

pirebis mier CadenisTvis.

saqarTvelos parlamenti mocemul etapze ganixilavs kanonproeqts, romelic

iTvaliswinebs iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas “sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsiT” gaTvaliswinebuli im danaSaulebisaTvis, romlebic Cadenilia

pasuxismgebeli piris mier iuridiuli piris saxeliT, an misi meSveobiT

(gamoyenebiT), an/da mis sasargeblod. pasuxismgebel pirad moiazreba iuridiuli

piris xelmZRvanelobaze, warmomadgenlobaze, misi saxeliT gadawyvetilebis miRebaze

uflebamosili piri, an/da iuridiuli piris sameTvalyureo, sakontrolo, sarevizio

da sakonsultacio organos wevri.

am sisxlissamarTlebrivi institutis siaxlis gaTvaliswinebiT proeqtiT

gansazRvrulia iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis SesaZlebloba

mxolod calkeuli danaSaulebisaTvis, kerZod, trefiki ukanono Semosavlebis

legalizacia, terorizmi, meqrTameoba da a.S. (`gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis

konvenciiT korufciis winaaRmdeg~ gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebi). kanonproeqti

aseve adgens iuridiuli piris mimarT gamosayenebel sasjelTa saxeebs da maTi

gamoyenebisa da aRsrulebis wesebsa da pirobebs.

ukanono qonebis konfiskacia

“korufciis sisxlis samarTlis konvenciis” me-19 muxli exeba konvenciiT

gansazRvruli danaSaulebis Cadenis saSualebebis da am danaSaulebaTa saSualebiT

miRebuli Semosavlis, an misi adekvaturi Rirebulebis qonebis konfiskacias an

CamorTmevas.





34

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT konfiskaciis samarTlebrivi institutis gamoyenebis

SesaZlebloba sustad aris daregulirebuli. es nawilobriv ganpirobebulia

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos erT-erTi pirveli gadawyvetiebiT,

romliTac qonebis konfiskacia, rogorc damatebiTi sasjelis saxis samarTlebrivi

instituti, antikonstituciurad gamocxadda.

saqarTvelos moqmedi “administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi” Seicavs

garkveul debulebebs administraciuli konfiskaciis samarTlebrivi bunebis Sesaxeb.

kanonis zogadi nawili (24-e da 25-e muxlebi) adgens konfiskaciis rogorc ZiriTad,

ise damatebiT administraciul saxdelad gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.

konfiskaciis institutis nairsaxeobas iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos “sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis” 44-e, 124-e, 410-e, 412-e, 424-e, 425-e, 426-e, 427-e,

510-e da 511-e muxlebic, kerZod, am muxlebiT gansazRvrulia e.w. saproceso

konfiskacia _ danaSaulis iaraRis da sagnis usasyidlo CamorTmeva, rac

xorcieldeba mosamarTlis dadgenilebis safuZvelze.

“sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi” aseve uSvebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze

sasamarTlo ganaCenamde qonebis konfiskaciis SesaZleblobas. kerZod, saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis da administraciuli samarTlis saproceso kodeqsebiT

gaTvaliswinebulia dausabuTebeli qonebis nawilSi administraciuli devnis

ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba im Tanamdebobis pirTa mimarT, romlebic emalebian

gamoZiebas. “sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis” 371 muxlis Tanaxmad,

Tanamdebobis piris ukanono da dausabuTebel qonebasTan dakavSirebiT prokurors

ufleba aqvs administraciuli saproceso wesiT aRZras sarCeli qonebis CamorTmevisa

da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs reketiris

da reketul qonebasTan dakavSirebiT specialur saproceso saproceso

regulaciebsac.

mtkicebulebebis Segroveba

“korufciis sisxlis samarTlis konvenciis” 23-e muxli avaldebulebs monawile

saxelmwifoebs, miiRon sakanonmdeblo da sxva zomebi danaSaulebTan dakavSirebuli

mtkicebulebebis Segrovebis gaadvilebis mizniT. kerZod, uzrunvelyofil unda iqnas

bankis, finansuri da komerciuli registrebis xelmisawvdomoba sasamarTloebisa da

saTanado kompetenturi organoebisaTvis. bankis saidumloeba ar unda iqces

Seferxebad mtkicebulebaTa Segrovebis procesSi.

konvenciis Sesabamisi Sinaarsis normebi gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos mTel rig

kanonebSi. kerZod, saqarTvelos konstituciis 41-e muxlis meore punqtis Tanaxmad,

,,oficialur CanawerebSi arsebuli informacia, romelic dakavSirebulia adamianis

janmrTelobasTan, mis finansebTan an sxva kerZo sakiTxebTan, aravisTvis ar unda





35

iyos xelmisawvdomi TviT am adamianis Tanxmobis gareSe, garda kanoniT dadgenili

SemTxvevebisa, rodesac es aucilebelia saxelmwifo uSiSroebis an sazogadoebrivi

usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad, janmrTelobis, sxvaTa uflebebisa da

Tavisuflebebis dasacavad".

amave sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos kanoni ,,komerciuli bankebis Sesaxeb"

adgens, rom ,,cnobebi fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis angariSebis, an angariSebidan

ganxorcielebuli operaciebisa da angariSebze arsebuli naSTebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba

mieces Sesabamisi angariSebis mflobelebs da maT warmomadgenlebs, agreTve

kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saqarTvelos finansuri monitoringis

samsaxurs. sxva pirebs es informacia miecema mxolod sasamarTlos Sesabamisi aqtis

safuZvelze".

informaciis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxs awesrigebs aseve ,,saqarTvelos

zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis” mesame Tavic.





36

IV. ,,korufciaze samoqalaqo samarTlis konvencia" da

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba

korufciis subieqti

saqarTvelos Sida kanonmdeblobaSi termini ,,korufcia" gamoiyeneba mxolod ,,sajaro

samsaxurTan" mimarTebiT da Sesabamisad, erovnuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, am saxis

samarTaldarRvevis specialur subieqtad gamodis sajaro mosamsaxure. ,,sajaro

samsaxurSi interesTa SeuTavseblobisa da korufciis Sesaxeb" saqarTvelos kanonis

ganmartebiT, sajaro samsaxurSi korufcia aris Tanamdebobis piris mier Tanamdebobis

an masTan dakavSirebuli SesaZleblobis gamoyeneba kanoniT akrZaluli qonebrivi an

sxva sikeTis miRebis mizniT, agreTve misTvis am sikeTis gadacema an mis miRebasa da

dakanonebaSi xelis Sewyoba.

“korufciaze samoqalaqo samarTlis konvenciiT” ki korufciuli samarTaldarRvevis

subieqti SeiZleba iyos aramxolod sajaro mosamsaxure, aramed kerZo piric.

korufciuli danaSauli

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT” korufciul danaSaulad ganixileba

mxolod qrTamis micema da misi aReba.

“korufciaze samoqalaqo samarTlis konvencia” korufciul qmedebad acxadebs

qrTamis an sxva arasaTanado upiratesobis, an misi dapirebis moTxovnasa da

SeTavazebasac.

zaralis kompensacia

“korufciaze samoqalaqo samarTlis konvenciis” me-3 muxlis moTxovnebTan

SesabamisobaSia saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis” IV da XII Tavebi, romlebiTac daculia dazaralebuli piris ufleba, aRZras sarCeli

korufciuli qmedebis Sedegad miRebuli zaralis kompensaciis mizniT.

“sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis” 30-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad,

,,pirs, romelsac uSualod danaSaulis Sedegad miadga qonebrivi, fizikuri an

moraluri ziani, ufleba aqvs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisas moiTxovos

zianis anazRaureba da am mizniT waradginos samoqalaqo sarCeli”. imave muxlis

meore nawilis Tanaxmad, qonebrivi da moraluri zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis

ufleba aqvT aseve iuridiul pirebsac.

saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT” sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa

gamo samoqalaqo sarCeli SeiZleba wardgenil iqnas rogorc sisxlis, ise samoqalaqo

samarTalwarmoebis wesiT.

ramdenadac korufciuli qmedeba (qrTamis aReba da sxv.) saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT

sisxlissamarTlis danaSauls warmoadgens, Sesabamisad sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli zianis anazRaurebis samarTlebrivi meqanizmi am





37

kategoriis samarTaldarRvevebzec vrceldeba da saSualebas iZleva konvenciiT

gaTvaliswinebuli amocanebi srulad ganxorcieldes. am TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos

kanonmdebloba adgens zianis anazRaurebaze dazaralebulis uflebis dacvis mTel

rig garantiebs: sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 33-e muxlis meoTxe nawilis

Sesabamisad, ,,braldebulis daudgenloba ar abrkolebs samoqalaqo sarCelis

wardgenas. saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis SemTxvevaSi, Tu braldebuli daimala, misi

adgilsamyofeli an pasuxisgebaSi misacemi piri daudgenelia, sarCeli zianis

anazRaurebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba waredginos saxelmwifos samoqalaqo

samarTalwarmoebis wesiT".

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom saqarTvelos “sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis”

Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo sarCeli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze saxelmwifo baJiT ar

ibegreba. “samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis” Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo xarjebis

gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian mosarCeleebi danaSauliT miyenebuli materialuri

zaralis anazRaurebis sarCelebze (muxli 46).

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi asaxulia “korufciaze samoqalaqo samarTlis

konvenciis” me-4-e muxlis moTxovnac, romelic adgens im pirobebs, Tu rodis unda

daeqvemdebaros zarali kompensacias. kerZod, konvenciiT dadgenili is ZiriTadi

piroba, romelicaa korufciul qmedebasa da miyenebul zarals Soris mizezobrivi

kavSiris arseboba, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT danaSaulis Semadgenel elements

warmoadgens, romlis gareSec danaSaulebriv qmedebas adgili ara aqvs da Sesabamisad

zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis safuZvelsac ar warmoSobs.

zianis anazRaurebis xandazmulobis vada

“korufciaze samoqalaqo samarTlis konvenciis” me-7 muxlisagan gansxvavebiT,

romelic zianis anazRaurebis procedurebisaTvis xandazmulobis vadebis dadgenas

iTvaliswinebs, saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamo aRZrul

samoqalaqo sarCelebze xandazmulobis vadebs ar awesebs. saqarTvelos “sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis” 39-e muxlis Tanaxmad, ,,sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa

gamo aRZrul samoqalaqo sarCelebze ar vrceldeba samarTlis sxva dargebSi

dadgenili sasarCelo xandazmulobis vadebi."

kontraqtis gauqmeba

“korufciaze samoqalaqo samarTlis konvenciis” me-8 muxli monawile saxelmwifoebs

avaldebulebs Sida kanonmdeblobiT uzrunvelyon nebismieri im kontraqtis an

kontraqtis calkeuli debulebis gauqmeba, romelic korufcias emsaxureba.

saqarTvelos “samoqalaqo kodeqsis” 54-e muxli adgens, rom ,,baTilia garigeba,

romelic arRvevs kanoniT dadgenil wessa da akrZalvebs, ewinaaRmdegeba sajaro

wesrigs an zneobis normebs". bunebrivia, garigeba, romelic emsaxureba korufcias,

arRvevs kanoniT dadgenil akrZalvebs da ewinaaRmdegeba zneobis normebs, Sesabamisad

amgvari garigeba baTilobas eqvemdebareba da am TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos

kanonmdebloba srul SesabamisobaSia “korufciaze samoqalaqo samarTlis konvenciis”

moTxovnasTan.

Documents

gaerosa da evropis sabWos antikorufciuli konvenciebisa da ... · SemTxvevaSi qonebis dabruneba SesaZlebelia, Tu warmodgenili iqneba sakuTrebis uflebis damadasturebeli sabuTi, an momTxovni