ITS Karlsruhe - IR extinction for fuel spray experiments / LowNox III

AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma

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ITS Karlsruhe - IR extinction for fuel spray experiments / LowNox III

D32 =32mTd,0 =323KT = 400Kuax =23m/sAFR=100

generic premix duct

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4AX

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D

CFUEL: 1.62E-03 4.85E-03 8.09E-03 1.13E-02 1.46E-02 1.78E-02 2.10E-02 2.43E-02

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Results of ITS EPOS/Ladrop Code

« CFD Validation »


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DLR - LDA and CARS for RQL combustor analysis / LowNox III

LDA


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DLR - PDA and LDA for spray dispersion / LowNox III

Figure 2. Radial profiles of axial and tangential air velocity and of turbulent kinetic energy (LDA)

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filled symbols: wakeopen symbols: passage

Figure 1. Schematic of test section (not to scale). White arrow indicates position and orientation of fuel nozzle.

z

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2Ro

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centerbodyswirlers

outercylinder

filmerring


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ENSMA - LIF and LDV measurements / LOWNOXIII

« THALIE rig »

Hot burned gases

RIG ALSO used in LOPOCOTEP

• realistic experimental conditions and large variation range

• stability, reliability and reproducibility of the experiments (PID controllers)

• wide range of metrology used• computer monitored• accuracy of measurements


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Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence

t = 10 ns

Average image 241 inst.

- acetone (280 nm)

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ENSMA - Optical measurements / LOWNOXIII

« THALIE rig »

48²V

²V2Tau

11

22

5.6V

V1Tau

11

22


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Cranfield - 1 bar optical spray rig / ICLEAC

Possible upgrade to 3 bar in Icleac


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Cranfield - Measurement techniques for instabilitites / ICLEAC

•Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA)- point measurement of dropsize distribution and velocity distribution-time resolved- can be used to deduce the airvelocity with fuel present•Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA)- imaging / point methods for measuring air velocity- time resolved measurements and phase lock averaging possible

• Laser Sheet Drop sizing, LIF imaging and Mie imaging- produce calibrated images of fuel concentration and SMD- imaging method - ie data acquired simultaneously at 10 points in a plane- take images at a number of different phases in the acoustic cycle and show the cyclic behaviour- phase-lock averaging : take e.g. 100 images at the same phase in consecutive cycles and average toreduce statistical fluctuations and random errors

Laser Light sheet illuminates a plane

Spray

Intensified CCD camera


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100 individual images are averaged to give a mean image (statistical fluctuations removed)

Individual images (pixels intensityrepresented on a false colour scale)

LIF : Camera is filtered to see only fluorescence from dyed fuel; local intensity is proportional to local fuel concentration

Cranfield - LIF & Mie Scattering on fuel jet / ICLEAC


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100 individual images are averaged to give a mean image (statistical fluctuations removed)

Individual images (pixels intensityrepresented on a false colour scale)

Mie : Camera is filtered to see only Mie Scattered light (droplet surface reflected)



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LSD : dropsize map (Laser Sheet Dropsizing) = mean LIF image divided bymean Mie image ; local intensity proportional to Sauter Mean Diameter



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Onera - Laser based methods / VATELEC « Non intrusive measurements in LPP combustors and cooling devices »

MEASUREMENTS by of

LIF CARS LDA / Raman spectroscopy LDV/ PIV

WP1- KEROSENE-AIR COMBUSTION kerosene, OHconcentration

ONERA (France),CSIC (Spain),Lund University (Sweden)

temperature mapping

ONERA, Lund

WP1- FLAME EXTINCTION LIMITS non- and reacting flow fields nearweak extinction limit

EBI – Karlsruhe University(Germany)

WP2- COOLING FLOW STRUCTURE imaging of flow through asmall effusion coolingsample

LCD/ ENSMA (France)

flow and thermal fieldson a real scale effusioncooling sample

Patras University(Greece)

See Vatelec slides attached


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Cluster Low Emission Cpmbustor Technology

« SYNERGY BETWEEN PROGRAMMES FOR MEASUREMENTS

PS : MATRIX TO BE COMPLETED and VALIDATED !

ACIACOC LES4LPP LES/PDF-ECT LOWNOXIII LOPOCOTEP CYPRESS CFD4C ICLEAC MOLECULESMUSCLES SiA TEAM

LIF (Y) Y Y Y YPDA (Y) Y Y Y YCARS Y (Y)IR diode laser absorpt. LDV Y Y Y YLDA YMie scattering Y YRayleigh scattering YLSD Y Ychemiluminescence Y YIR spectroscopie

VATELEC

Y Y


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Cluster Low Emission Cpmbustor Technology

CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES

• Effort to improve measurement techniques and definition of rigorous procedures. Platform with instrumentation dedicated to a real combustor.

• Need of a better evaluation of radiative fluxes for thermal balances

• Strong need to apply non intrusive measurements inside real combustors to measure temperature fields, drop size distribution, Nox field, soots field …(to be completed)

=> Better physical comprehension and CFD validation=> Greater ability to design low emission combustors

• what are the most promising methods for this objective : CARS ? ...

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ITS Karlsruhe - IR extinction for fuel spray experiments / LowNox III