AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma
Page 1
ITS Karlsruhe - IR extinction for fuel spray experiments / LowNox III
D32 =32mTd,0 =323KT = 400Kuax =23m/sAFR=100
generic premix duct
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4AX
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
RA
D
CFUEL: 1.62E-03 4.85E-03 8.09E-03 1.13E-02 1.46E-02 1.78E-02 2.10E-02 2.43E-02
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4AX
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
RA
D
Results of ITS EPOS/Ladrop Code
« CFD Validation »
AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma
Page 2
DLR - LDA and CARS for RQL combustor analysis / LowNox III
LDA
AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma
Page 3
DLR - PDA and LDA for spray dispersion / LowNox III
Figure 2. Radial profiles of axial and tangential air velocity and of turbulent kinetic energy (LDA)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0r/Ro
U_
ax
[m/s
]
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0r/Ro
U_
tan
[m/s
]
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0r/Ro
k [m
2/s
2]
x=x1
x=x2
filled symbols: wakeopen symbols: passage
Figure 1. Schematic of test section (not to scale). White arrow indicates position and orientation of fuel nozzle.
z
x
2Ro
z
y
centerbodyswirlers
outercylinder
filmerring
AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma
Page 4
ENSMA - LIF and LDV measurements / LOWNOXIII
« THALIE rig »
Hot burned gases
RIG ALSO used in LOPOCOTEP
• realistic experimental conditions and large variation range
• stability, reliability and reproducibility of the experiments (PID controllers)
• wide range of metrology used• computer monitored• accuracy of measurements
AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma
Page 5
Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence
t = 10 ns
Average image 241 inst.
- acetone (280 nm)
-
-
ENSMA - Optical measurements / LOWNOXIII
« THALIE rig »
48²V
²V2Tau
11
22
5.6V
V1Tau
11
22
AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma
Page 6
Cranfield - 1 bar optical spray rig / ICLEAC
Possible upgrade to 3 bar in Icleac
AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma
Page 7
Cranfield - Measurement techniques for instabilitites / ICLEAC
•Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA)- point measurement of dropsize distribution and velocity distribution-time resolved- can be used to deduce the airvelocity with fuel present•Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA)- imaging / point methods for measuring air velocity- time resolved measurements and phase lock averaging possible
• Laser Sheet Drop sizing, LIF imaging and Mie imaging- produce calibrated images of fuel concentration and SMD- imaging method - ie data acquired simultaneously at 10 points in a plane- take images at a number of different phases in the acoustic cycle and show the cyclic behaviour- phase-lock averaging : take e.g. 100 images at the same phase in consecutive cycles and average toreduce statistical fluctuations and random errors
Laser Light sheet illuminates a plane
Spray
Intensified CCD camera
AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma
Page 8
100 individual images are averaged to give a mean image (statistical fluctuations removed)
Individual images (pixels intensityrepresented on a false colour scale)
LIF : Camera is filtered to see only fluorescence from dyed fuel; local intensity is proportional to local fuel concentration
Cranfield - LIF & Mie Scattering on fuel jet / ICLEAC
AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma
Page 9
100 individual images are averaged to give a mean image (statistical fluctuations removed)
Individual images (pixels intensityrepresented on a false colour scale)
Mie : Camera is filtered to see only Mie Scattered light (droplet surface reflected)
Cranfield - LIF & Mie Scattering on fuel jet / ICLEAC
AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma
Page 10
LSD : dropsize map (Laser Sheet Dropsizing) = mean LIF image divided bymean Mie image ; local intensity proportional to Sauter Mean Diameter
Cranfield - LIF & Mie Scattering on fuel jet / ICLEAC
AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma
Page 11
Onera - Laser based methods / VATELEC « Non intrusive measurements in LPP combustors and cooling devices »
MEASUREMENTS by of
LIF CARS LDA / Raman spectroscopy LDV/ PIV
WP1- KEROSENE-AIR COMBUSTION kerosene, OHconcentration
ONERA (France),CSIC (Spain),Lund University (Sweden)
temperature mapping
ONERA, Lund
WP1- FLAME EXTINCTION LIMITS non- and reacting flow fields nearweak extinction limit
EBI – Karlsruhe University(Germany)
WP2- COOLING FLOW STRUCTURE imaging of flow through asmall effusion coolingsample
LCD/ ENSMA (France)
flow and thermal fieldson a real scale effusioncooling sample
Patras University(Greece)
See Vatelec slides attached
AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma
Page 12
Cluster Low Emission Cpmbustor Technology
« SYNERGY BETWEEN PROGRAMMES FOR MEASUREMENTS
PS : MATRIX TO BE COMPLETED and VALIDATED !
ACIACOC LES4LPP LES/PDF-ECT LOWNOXIII LOPOCOTEP CYPRESS CFD4C ICLEAC MOLECULESMUSCLES SiA TEAM
LIF (Y) Y Y Y YPDA (Y) Y Y Y YCARS Y (Y)IR diode laser absorpt. LDV Y Y Y YLDA YMie scattering Y YRayleigh scattering YLSD Y Ychemiluminescence Y YIR spectroscopie
VATELEC
Y Y
AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma
Page 13
Cluster Low Emission Cpmbustor Technology
CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES
• Effort to improve measurement techniques and definition of rigorous procedures. Platform with instrumentation dedicated to a real combustor.
• Need of a better evaluation of radiative fluxes for thermal balances
• Strong need to apply non intrusive measurements inside real combustors to measure temperature fields, drop size distribution, Nox field, soots field …(to be completed)
=> Better physical comprehension and CFD validation=> Greater ability to design low emission combustors
• what are the most promising methods for this objective : CARS ? ...