ITEP Meeting 07.25,2006 Moscow Marcello A Giorgi1 ITEP Meeting on the future of heavy flavour physics July 24-25,2006 Marcello A. Giorgi Università di

ITEP Meeting07.25,2006 Moscow

Marcello A Giorgi 1

ITEP Meeting on the future of heavy flavour physicsJuly 24-25,2006

Marcello A. GiorgiUniversità di Pisa and INFN Pisa

SuperB Flavor Factory


Marcello A Giorgi 2

Outline

• So far…

• Status of SuperB activity

• Status of Machine Effort


Marcello A Giorgi 3

SuperB International Study Group

THE GROUP IS OPEN TO CONTRIBUTORS AND PARTICIPANTS !!

Goals of SuperB International Study Group :• Study the physics case, machine and detector for a Super Flavor Factory

with a luminosity higher than 1036, to study physics in b, c and sectors.• Prepare by the beginning of 2007 a Report “CDR” to be delivered to the

President of INFN , it will be submitted to an International Review Committee and presented to the International Community.

Events: 3 Workshops: LNF (November 2005 and March 2006), SLAC (June 2006)UK meeting on SuperB in Daresbury 26-26 April Round table in Elba on Future Machines 23 May :• presentation of Suzuki containing SuperKEKB possibilty (4 1035 and 40-50

ab-1 by 2020)• INFN President R.Petronzio presented SuperB as one of priorities of INFN


Marcello A Giorgi 4

On physics case

On the physics case many documents are available they are the result of three years of Physics workshops in Slac ,in KEK and Joint meetings in Hawaii .

Three years of Physics Workshops have produced heavy documents . See for example:

The Discovery Potential of a Super B Factory (Slac-R-709)

Letter of Intent for KEK Super B Factory ( KEK Report 2004-4 )

Physics at Super B Factory ( hep-ex/0406071 )At the URL :www.pi.infn.it/SuperByou can find documents and links to documents


Marcello A Giorgi 5

On physics case

The physics case for a Super Flavour Factory is solid if :See

•The sample of data available in a few years of running would be bigger than 50 ab -1 and approaching 100 ab -1 (10 11 B Bbar, tau and charm pairs) .

•The running period is overlapped to LHC. (Results from Super Flavour Factory and LHC are largely complementary).


Marcello A Giorgi 6

On physics case..

This issue has been widely presented and discussed in Topical Conferences (as DIF06 in Frascati, 28/2/2006-3/3/2006) and in workshops as the CERN series

Flavour Physics in the era of LHC(So far 3 workshops : Nov 2006, Feb 2006 and May 2006)The May workshop included a special session devoted to

High intensity, High luminosity flavour experiments and a round table chaired by I.Bigi to compare expected performance and physics expectation from SuperB, SuperKEKB and LHCb .

.


Marcello A Giorgi 7

On physics case

The physics case is continuing to be refined with the solid contribution of theorists.

An ad-hoc subgroup was set up to study the physics reach on and charm and the possible impact on the machine and detector design of the possibility of one polarized beam and special runs at low cms Energies ( 4.0 and 5.0 GeV) still with a luminosity higher than 10 35cm-2 s -1.

Contiguous to the 4th SuperB workshop to be held Nov 16-18 2006 in Rome, a theory meeting is also planned for an updated physics assessment.

On this subject today I will only show few vignettes


Marcello A Giorgi 8

UNIVERSAL UT fit with 50 ab-1

Universal fit makes only use of quantities independent of NP contributions within MFV


Marcello A Giorgi 9

bsl+l- precision measurements

New Physics – K(*) l+l-, sl+l- e+e- Precision

Measurement Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab 100/ab

(BK/(BKe+e-) SM: 1 ~8% ~4% ~2% ~1.5%

ACP(BK* l+l-) (all) (high mass)

SM: < 0.05%

~6%

~12%

~3%

~6%

~1.5%

~3%

~1.1%

~2%

AFB(BK*l+l-) : ŝ0SM: ±5% ~20% ~9% 9%

AFB(Bsl+l-) : ŝ0 27% 15% 6.7% 5.0%

AFB (Bsl+l-) : C9 , C10 36-55% 20-30% 9-13% 7-10%


Marcello A Giorgi 10

Extrapolation at high Lumi



Rare Decays

MEASUREMENT Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab 100/ab

BD*) SM: : 8x10-3 10.2% 5.6% 2.5%

Bs)K,K* SM:Theory ~5%1 excl: 4x10-6

~1 >3 >4 >5

Binvisible) <2x10-6 <1x10-6 <4x10-7 <2.5x10-7

Bd ) ~8x10-11 <3x10-8 <1.6x10-8 <7x10-9 <5x10-9

Bd ) ~1x10-8 <1x10-3 O(10-4) ? ?

) now< 6.8 10-8 <3.410-9

Ks) now < 5.10-8 <1.2510-10

Ldt1



Report on SuperB Accelerator Effort

SuperB Contributors (Accelerator):BINP: Koop, Levichev, ShatilovKEKB: OhmiLNF: Biagini, Raimondi, ZobovPisa: M.G., PaoloniSLAC: Novokhatski, Seeman, Seryi, Sullivan, Wienands



A Comment!

SuperB is commonly named “Linearly colliding Super B Factory”

to avoid confusion and misinterpretation:SuperB is not a linear collider. It is instead a machine that is based on several

concepts of linear collider as:Damping rings to get very low emittance, the final

focus as in linear collider and in general the characteristics of very small size of the bunches for the high luminosity.



SuperB effort

• Strong interest of SLAC PEP-II staff to collaborate and possibly contribute with hardware (PEP-II magnets, vacuum pumps, power supplies, RF)

• Interest from other major Laboratories (SLAC, KEK, BINP) to collaborate on proof-of-principle simulations

• Before the IV SuperB Workshop in Rome (16-18 November 2006) there will be at the end of september 2006 an “Accelerator only” retreat week .



Summary from Oide’s talk at 2005 2nd Hawaii SuperBF Workshop

• Present design of SuperKEKB hits fundamental limits in the beam-beam effect and the bunch length (HOM & CSR)

• Higher current is the only way to increase the luminosity

• Many technical and cost issues are expected with a new RF system

• We need a completely different collider scheme.....



Issues

• HIGH CURRENT and HIGH BACKGROUND IS AN ISSUE FOR :

• DETECTOR DESIGN

• WALL POWER NEEDED



ILC rings & ILC FF

Simplified SuperB layout

Crossing angle = 2*25 mrad



Present parameter set based on ILCDR-like parameters:

• Same DR emittances

• Same DR bunch length

• 1.5 times DR bunch charges

• PEP-KEK DR damping time

• Same ILC-IP betas

• Crossing angle and “crab waist” to minimize bb blowup

Machine parameters



High luminosity requires:

- short bunches

- small vertical emittance

- large horizontal size and emittance to mimimize beam-beam

For a ring:- easy to achieve small horizontal emittance and horizontal size

- Hard to make short bunches

Crossing angle swaps X with Z, so the high luminosity requirements are naturally met: Luminosity goes with 1/x and is weakly dependent by z

REQUIREMENTS



Crossing angle concepts

With large crossing angle X and Z

quantities are swapped: Very important!!!

Both cases have the same luminosity,but (2) has longer bunch and smaller x

1) Standardshort bunches

2) Crossing angle

z

x

Overlapping region

x

z

Overlapping region



Vertical waist has to be a function of x:

Z=0 for particles at –x (- x/2 at low current)

Z= x/ for particles at +x (x/2 at low current) Crabbed waist realized with a sextupole in phase with the IP in X and

at /2 in Y

“Crab waist” removes beam-beam betratron couplingIntroduced by the crossing angle

“Crab waist” (P. Raimondi)

2z

x

2x

2x/

2z*

Y

z

e-e+



Crab waist properties

• Large Piwinski's (not only crossing) angle: P=*z/x • Low y comparable with the 'overlap area' • Low x and long bunch length • Crab focus eliminates the betatron resonances introduced by the

Piwinski's angle• Synchrotron resonances are not suppressed but damped horizontally • Partial compensation of the hourglass effect due to the y shift along

the 'overlap' area. y is shifted not only with x, but also along the longitudinal axis

For a fixed longitudinal position, y does not depend on the horizontal motion anymore !

No vertical modulation due to the horizontal oscillations !



Crab-waist simulations

• The new idea is being checked by several beam-beam codes:– Guinea-Pig: strong-strong , ILC centered– BBC (Hirata): weak-strong – Lifetrack (Shatilov): weak-strong with tails

growths calculation– Ohmi: weak-strong (strong-strong to be modified

for long bunches and large angles)

Storage

rings



Collisions with uncompressed beamsCrossing angle = 2*25 mrad

Relative Emittance growth per collision: yout/yin=1. 5x10-3

Horizontal Plane Vertical Plane

BB simulations with ILC code



Ohmi’s weak-strong code

K2 is the strength of the sextupolar nonlinearity introduced to have crab waist

Luminosity Vertical blow-up



Conclusions on bb simulations

• The “crossing angle with crab waist” scheme has shown big potentiality and exciting results LNF, Pisa, BINP and KEKB physicists are working on bb simulations with different codes to find the best set of parameters

• This scheme is promising also for increasing luminosity at existing factories, as DANE, KEKB and possibly PEP-II

• Crab waist scheme is planned to be tested in 2007 in DANE



SuperB ILC-like rings

• ILC OCS (Baseline) lattice used• Scaled to 4 and 7 GeV• 3.0 Km long rings studied• Lattice symmetry respected• Fewer and lower field wigglers used (pm )• Preliminary Final Focus (ILC-like) included• Design based on recycling all PEP hardware,

Bends, Quads and Sexts, and RF system• Maximize Luminosity keeping low DE and

wall power.



O 1.0Km O 0.7Km

Possible site: Tor Vergata campusRing circumference: 3. to 2.2 Km



Ring Parameters

Energy (GeV) 4 7

C (m) 2985 2985

Bw (T) 1.4 1.

Lbend(m) 2.1 11.2

N. bends 96 96

Bbend (T) 0.439 0.144

Uo (MeV/turn) 2.3 4.1

N. wigg. cells 4 4

x (ms) 34 34.

s (ms) 17 17

x (nm) 0.70 0.73

E 1.0x10-3 1.1x10-3

Ibeam (A) 3.0 1.73

Pbeam(MW) 6.9 7.1

Pwall (MW) (50% eff) x2 rings 28.0

Sigx* m 2.67Sigy nm 16.1Betx mm 9.0Bety mm 0.130Sigz mm 6.0Sige_Lum MeV 8.3Emix nm 0.8Emiy nm 0.002Emiz m 13.2Cross_angle mrad 2*15Sigz_DR mm 6.0Sige_DR 1.1e-3Np 10e10 3.0Nbunches 4741DR_length km 3.0s msec 17Collision freq MHz 476Lgeometric 1e36 1.2Lmultiturn 1e36 1.0



0

5 1036

1 1037

1,5 1037

2 1037

2,5 1037

0 2,5 1010 5 1010 7,5 1010 1 1011 1,25 1011 1,5 1011

Luminosity [cm-2 s-1]

N

M. Zobov, D. Shatilov

1036

Upgradeable



EXERCISE 1 :4x7 GeV rings with PEP-II dipoles & quadrupoles in a 3.0Km ring



SuperB-ILC synergy

• Potential size and cost reduction of the ILC complex

• Potential decrease of the ILC commissioning time

• Potential increase of the ILC performances

• Could the ILC community benefit by having an operating

positron DR just 3 Km long delivering 4741 bunches with

3x1010 particles/bunch?

• Could the ILC community benefit by having an operating

Beam Delivery System with ILC-IP beams sizes and

betas?



Conclusions on machine

• Solution with ILC DR + ILC FF seems extremely promising

• Uses all the work done for ILC (DR and FF) 100% synergy with ILC

• Beam Currents around 3.0/1.7 A, and backgrounds should be better than PEP and KEKB

• Possibly to operate at the energy with L=1035

• Needs the standard injector system, probably a C-band 7GeV linac like in KEKB upgrade

• Possibility to simultaneously boost the performances of the existing machines and do SuperB R&D.



Beam Pipe Radius and Detector Issues

• Small beam pipe radius possible because of small beam size– Studied impact of boost on vertex separation (B)– Rest of tracking is Babar– Beam pipe needs to be cooled.Study is in progress to

keep total thickness low in the order of % of rad

Separationsignificance Proper time

differenceresolution

7+4GeV

Boost =.28

Instead of 0.56



Pipe Inner Radius 1 cm“Uniform” water gap(8 flat channels)

Single channel area = 2.35 mm2

Channel width = 300 m

Flow: 4.2 m/s (OK)

To dissipate 1KW with waterspecific heat and thermal conductivity

Requires channel 1-side coating to prevent erosion

(7m Ni or BerylcoatD)

Possibly a Peek (plastic) jacket



Detector comments

Background should be lower than in Babar. Occupancy would be OK in Vertex Detector even with a smaller radius beam pipe. (from 3cm of Babar down to 1.cm). Simulations are currently run for interaction region and Bgkd.

Apparatus would be more hermetic than Babar and Belle (7+4 GeV).Detectors don’t require a major R&DPID would be needed also in forward/backward direction.By reducing Lorentz boost higher resolution vertex is needed (MAPS?)

R&D on EMC (Babar Caltech..)R&D on PID (Babar: Slac) (Belle :KeK ,Lubijana

x5 scale with 10mm radius BP, 6mm pixel chip

R&D on Maps within Belle (Hawaii group)and Babar (Pisa+Slac)Two monolithic active pixel layers glued on beam pipe

Since active region is only ~10m, silicon can be thinned down to ~50m.Good resolution O(5m).Improves pattern recognition robustness and safety against background



MAPS R&D

• SLIM chip (Babar collabor.)

PRE SHAPER DISC LATCH

=105 mV =12 mV

Landau peak 80 mV saturation

due to low energy particle.

1250

2200 3000 (e-)

1640

threshold

threshold

90Sr electrons

Noise only (no source)

55Fe X-rays

Charge sharing

ST 0.13um triple well technologySingle pixels tested with sourceFull signal processing chain



FINAL Conclusion

Either BaBar or Belle can be reused in SuperB with a moderate upgrade. Trigger and DAQ must be updated.



• BACKUP



SuperB-Factories Parameters before SuperB activity (may05)


Marcello A Giorgi

SuperKEKB (K. Ohmi)SuperKE

KBCrab waist

x 9.x10-9 6. x10-9 6. x10-9 6. x10-9 6. x10-9

y 4.5x10-11 6. x10-11 6. x10-11 6. x10-11 6. x10-11

x (mm) 200 100 50 100 50

y (mm) 3 1 0.5 1 0.5

z (mm) 3 6 6 4 4

s 0.025 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Ne 5.5x1010 5.5x1010 5.5x1010 3.5 x1010 3.5 x1010

Np 1.26x1011 1.27x1011

1.27x101

1 8. x1010 8. x1010

/2 (mrad)

0 15 15 15 15

x 0.397 0.0418 0.022 0.0547 0.0298

y 0.794-

>0.240.1985 0.179 0.178 0.154

Lum (W.S.)

8.x1035 6.7x1035 1. x1036 3.95 x1035 4.8 x1035

Lum (S.S.)

8.25x1035 4.77x103

5 9x1035 3.94x1035 4.27x1035



Flange detail

O-ring insertion

F.Raffaelli

+

=

Be wall

Outer peek wall

Hybrid Cooling Chamber



Gold foil 4 um 0.121 % X0 Berillium 300 um 0.142 % X0Peek layer 500 um 0.330 % X0Water 300 um 0.083 % X0Ni coating 7 um 0.050 % X0

Total 0.726 % X0

Power dissipation 1 KWT Inlet 8 CT MAX raise 3 CWater speed < 5m/sNegative pressure



EXERCISE 2 : 7 GeV ring, 2.2 Km as PEPII



0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

0 3 1010 6 1010 9 1010 1,2 1011 1,5 1011

N

Vertical Emittance Blow Up

Gaussian Fit

rms



0,95

1

1,05

1,1

1,15

0 3 1010 6 1010 9 1010 1,2 1011 1,5 1011

N

Horizontal Emiittance Blow Up

Gaussian Fitrms



0,96

0,98

1

1,02

1,04

1,06

0 3 1010 6 1010 9 1010 1,2 1011 1,5 1011

N

Longitudinal Emittance Blow Up

Gaussian Fit

rms



Nominal damping2.5 times longer

5 times longer

N = 2.5 x 1010

Ax x Ay = 15 x x 20 y

N = 5.0 x 1010

Ax x Ay = 25 x x 80 y



SuperSuperB with ILC Damping Ring Parameters

Working Point (0.53,0.57); Nb = 7.5 x1010; 6000 Bunches

D.N.Shatilov, M.ZobovL = 1.22 x 1037 cm-2 s-1

0.6/ 0.8/ 1.0/



Detector Issues

As the present parameters for 1036 machine show a running condition not substantially different from the present PEPII/BaBar. One of the present detectors running at BFactories (BaBar or Belle) could be used as is without major modifications (Trigger,DaQ…).

However, mainly due to the reduced asymmetry (7x4 GeV) in the present parameter choice of SuperB a new beam pipe with a small radius and an improved SVT are needed.

An improvement in Detector acceptance and in PID performance are welcome .Detector Effort under coordination of F.Forti and A. Roodman, is currently

carried mainly from Caltech,Pisa and Slac.

Documents

ITEP Meeting 07.25,2006 Moscow Marcello A Giorgi1 ITEP Meeting on the future of heavy flavour physics July 24-25,2006 Marcello A. Giorgi Università di