Italian Italian UnificationUnification

The Supremo Pizza of The Supremo Pizza of NationalismNationalism

1800’s - The Age of 1800’s - The Age of Nationalism Nationalism

Peoples Peoples inspired by inspired by example of example of George George Washington Washington and and motivated motivated against against NapoleonNapoleon

The Italian The Italian SituationSituation

““Italy” did not existItaly” did not existMultiple Independent Multiple Independent

kingdomskingdoms–Some foreign ownedSome foreign owned

France= Kingdom France= Kingdom of the two Siciliesof the two Sicilies

Austria= Austria= Lombardy and Lombardy and VenetiaVenetia

Transportation and Transportation and communication hardcommunication hard

Early NationalismEarly NationalismRisorgimentRisorgiment

oo–Giuseppe Giuseppe Mazzini Mazzini led Young led Young ItalyItaly

Revolution Revolution of 1848of 1848

Republican Republican Revolution in SicilyRevolution in Sicily–Spread north to Spread north to Austrian Italy Austrian Italy (Lombardy/Venetia(Lombardy/Venetia))

King Charles Albert King Charles Albert of Sardinia rallies of Sardinia rallies Italian countries Italian countries against Austrians against Austrians and he was and he was winning!!!winning!!!

A Young Charles Albert

The Revolution Fails to Make The Revolution Fails to Make “Italy”“Italy”April, 1848 – Pope April, 1848 – Pope

Pius IX removes Pius IX removes Papal States from Papal States from the warthe war

Didn’t like Didn’t like Catholic peoples Catholic peoples making war and making war and killing other killing other CatholicsCatholics–Coalition falls Coalition falls apart…apart…

Pope Pius IX

End of End of the First the First AttemptAttempt

Mazzini and Young Mazzini and Young Italy overthrow the Italy overthrow the Pope and take Pope and take RomeRome–Angered over his Angered over his influence in war influence in war with Austriawith Austria

France, Spain, and France, Spain, and Naples invade Naples invade Rome and put Pius Rome and put Pius IX back into power.IX back into power.

Young Italy Young Italy dead, but dead, but Charles Charles Albert smells Albert smells like a rose for like a rose for his his nationalism…nationalism…Charles Albert,

King of Sardinia

A Phoenix in the Ashes?

Sardinia Sardinia leads the leads the

WayWay

Victor Victor Emmanuel Emmanuel becomes King of becomes King of Sardinia after Sardinia after death of father.death of father.–Helped in Helped in unifying the unifying the North of Italy North of Italy by his chief by his chief minister, Count minister, Count Camillo di Camillo di CavourCavour

Count Count Camillo di Camillo di

CavourCavour

Saw that Italian Saw that Italian unification lay in unification lay in defeating Austriadefeating Austria

A Secret Plan…A Secret Plan…–Supported Supported France and UK in France and UK in the Crimean War the Crimean War to gain favors to gain favors from them…from them…

A Franco-Austrian War, A Franco-Austrian War, 18591859Secret Treaty of Secret Treaty of

Plombiers-Les-Plombiers-Les-BainsBains–France fights France fights Austria and Italy Austria and Italy gets Lombardy- gets Lombardy- Venetia Venetia ifif Italy Italy gives France gives France Nice and SavoyNice and Savoy

A A Partial Partial VictoryVictory

““Viva VERDI” (Victor Viva VERDI” (Victor Emmanuel, Re Emmanuel, Re D’Italia) united “Italy”D’Italia) united “Italy”

Napoleon III pulls out Napoleon III pulls out as war too costly.as war too costly.–Tuscany, Parma, Tuscany, Parma, Modena & Romagna Modena & Romagna join Sardinia to fight join Sardinia to fight for V.E. III’s “Italy”for V.E. III’s “Italy”

““Italy” gets LombardyItaly” gets Lombardy Napoleon III of

France

The The SouthSouth

The Rise of The Rise of GaribaldiGaribaldi–Revolutionary RootsRevolutionary Roots–““Red Shirts” -Led Red Shirts” -Led Revolution in 1860 Revolution in 1860 after death of after death of Sicilian King Sicilian King Ferdinand II Ferdinand II

–Took Naples with Took Naples with 1000 men then 1000 men then marched North…marched North…

–Cavour is nervous!!!Cavour is nervous!!!

The Final The Final UnificatioUnificatio

nn

Cavour encourages Cavour encourages Garibaldi to join Garibaldi to join Victor EmmanuelVictor Emmanuel

Oct., 1860 – Oct., 1860 – Southern Italy Southern Italy holds votes to holds votes to unite with the unite with the NorthNorth

Italy is BORN!!!Italy is BORN!!!–Cavour dies three Cavour dies three months later months later

Add Add Venice and Venice and Rome…Rome…

Italy allied with Italy allied with Prussia against Prussia against Austria in 1866 and Austria in 1866 and was given Venicewas given Venice

During Franco-During Franco-Prussian War (1871), Prussian War (1871), French protected French protected Rome couldn’t spare Rome couldn’t spare troops to defend the troops to defend the city so Italy took itcity so Italy took it

ITALY!!!