i.t. Glossaries[1]

8/8/2019 i.t. Glossaries[1]

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I.T. GLOSSARIES

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100BAASETX : An Ethernet network that uses a twisted pair (also known as RJ-45)

cabling between a network interface card and a hub to tie the network together. The main advantage

of this type of network is its ease of

installation and expandability. Runs at 100 Mbps.

An ISAM data storage and file management system for PCs.

21CFRpart11

3G: 3G is a short term for third-generation wireless, and refers to near-future

developments in personal and business wireless technology, especially mobile communications. This

phase is expected to reach maturity between the years 2003 and 2005.

Ultimately, 3G is expected to include capabilities and features such as:

Enhanced multimedia (voice, data, video, and remote control).

Usability on all popular modes (cellular telephone, e-mail, paging, fax, videoconferencing, and

Web browsing).

Broad bandwidth and high speed (upwards of 2 Mbps).

Routing flexibility (repeater, satellite, LAN).

Operation at approximately 2 GHz transmit and receiveOperations at approximately 2 GHz transmit

and receive frequencies

Roaming capability throughout Europe, Japan, and North America

3GIO: Originally called "Third Generation I/O" (3GIO), PCI Express is software

compatible with PCI, but not plug compatible. It also uses slots of different lengths because of the

combined lanes (see below). For a comparison of all PCI technologies.,


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4G: 4G is the short term for fourth-generation wireless, the stage ofbroadband

mobile communications. The major distinction of 4G over 3G communications is increased data

transmission rates. 4G enhancements are expected to include worldwide Roaming capability. As was

projected for the ultimate 3G systemsystems, 4G might actually connect the entire globe and be

operable from any location on - or above - the surface of the earth.

ABAP: ABAP is a programming language for developing applications for the SAP R/3

system, a widely-installedwidely installed business application subsystem. The latest version, ABAP

Objects, is object-oriented programming. SAP will run applications written using ABAP/4, the earlier

ABAP version, as well as applications using ABAP Objects.

ActiveX: ActiveX is the name Microsoft has given to a set of "strategic" object-oriented

programming technologies and tools. The main technology is the Component Object Model (COM).

Used in a network with a directory and additional support, COM becomes the Distributed Component

Object Model (DCOM). The main thing that you create when writing a program to run in the ActiveX

environment is a component, a self-sufficient program that can be run anywhere in your ActiveX

network (currently a network consisting of Windows and Macintosh systems). This component is

known as an ActiveX control. ActiveX is Microsoft's answer to the Java technology from Sun

Microsystems. An ActiveX control is roughly equivalent to a Java applet.

ActiveX controls were originally called "OLE controls" and used an .OCX file extension. They were

Microsoft's second-generation component architecture (Visual Basic Controls (VBXs) were the first).

OLE controls were renamed ActiveX and continued to use the .OCX name.

Active: Directory Services (ADS): Active Directory is Microsoft's trademarked directory service,

an integral part of the Windows 2000 architecture. Like other directory services, such as Novell

Directory Services (NDS), Active Directory is a centralized and standardized system that automates

network management of user data, security, and distributed resources, and enables interoperation with

other directories. Active Directory is designed especially for distributed networking environments.

Adabase: A database management system (DBMS) from Software AG, Reston, VA

(http://www.softwareagusa.com/) for IBM mainframes, VAXes, Unix and Windows. It is an inverted


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list DBMS with relational capabilities. A 4GL known as NATURAL plus text retrieval, GIS

processing, SQL and distributed database functions are also available. Introduced in 1969, it was one

of the first DBMSs.

ADO: (ActiveX Data Objects) A programming interface from Microsoft that is designedas "the" Microsoft standard for data access. First used with Internet Information Server, ADO is a set

of COM objects that provides an interface to OLE DB. The three primary objects are Connection,

Command and Recordset. The Connection object establishes a connection with a particular database

management system (DBMS) or other data source. It can also send a query to the database. The

Command object is an alternate way of sending a query to the database, and the Recordset object

contains the resulting answer, which is a group of records. See OLE DB, RDO, DAO and ODBC.

Adobe: Acrobat: Suite: Acrobat is a program from Adobe that lets you capture a

document and then viewthen view it in its original format and appearance. Acrobat is ideal for

making documents or brochures that were designed for the print medium viewable electronically and

capable of being shared with others on the Internet. To view an Acrobat document, which is called a

Portable Document Format (PDF) file, you need Acrobat Reader. The Reader is free and can be

downloaded from Adobe. You can use it as a standalone reader or as aplug-in in a Web browser.

Adobe: Photoshop: A popular high-end image editor for the Macintosh and Windows fromAdobe. It contains a large variety of image editing features,features; one of Photoshop's most

powerful capabilities is layers, which allows images to be rearranged under and over each other for

placement. Photoshop is designed to read and convert to a raft of graphics formats, but it provides its

own native format for layers (.PSD extension).

ADO: NetADO. Net: It is the .NET version of ADO, which is substantially different

from ADO. It supports XML documents and relies on .NET Data Providers as an interface layer

between the application and the databases.

ADS: (AutoCAD Development System) A facility that allows C routines to be run from within

AutoCAD. AutoCAD Development System (ADS) is a compiled-language program environment for

developing AutoCAD applications with the ADS library of C functions. In the ADS


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programProgram environment, applications run as executables and as separate processes from

AutoCAD. In the ARX program environment, applications run as dynamic linked libraries (DLLs)

and as a single process with AutoCAD.

ADW: Formerly Application Development Workbench (ADW) it is an integrated CASE-basedapplication development system that runs under OS/2 originally from Sterling Software. It includes a

variety of tools for designing and developing client/server, AS/400 and IBM mainframe applications.

KEY:EnterpriseKEY: Enterprise was renamed COOL:EnterpriseCOOL: Enterprise and later

integrated into the Advantage Developer Series from Computer Associates, which acquired Sterling

in 2000.

AICC

AION

AIX: (Advanced Interactive EeXecutivexecutive) IBM's version of Unix, which runs on 386

and higher PCs, RS/6000 workstations and 390 mainframes. It is based on AT&T's Unix System V

with Berkeley extensions.

Amdahl: Amdahl installed its first IBM-compatible mainframe, the 470/V6. Although notthe first to make IBM-compatible mainframes, it succeeded where others failed. Amdahl offers a line

of Solaris-based servers from Sun and derives most of its revenue from software and consulting

services. It no longer manufactures IBM-compatible mainframes, but offers upgrades and

maintenance for existing customers.

ANSI: ANSI (American National Standards Institute) is the primary organization for fostering

the development of technology standards in the United States.

Apache: Web: Server: Apache is a freely available Web serverthat is distributed under an "open

source" license. Version 2.0 runs on most Unix-based operating systems (such as Linux, Solaris,

Digital UNIX, and AIX), on other UNIX/POSIX-derived systems (such as Rhapsody, BeOS, and


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BS2000/OSD), on AmigaOS, and on Windows 2000. Apache complies with the newest level of the

Hypertext Transport Protocol, HTTP 1.1.

Apollo: Formerly Apollo Computer, Inc., this maker of high-performance workstations

became a division of HP in 1989. Founded in 1980, it pioneered networked workstations.Apple Apple Computer, Inc. is a prominent hardware and software company best known for its

Macintosh series of personal computers. Introduced in 1984, the Macintosh was the first widely sold

personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI).

Apple Talk: Apple's local area network architecture introduced in 1985. It supports Apple's

proprietary LocalTalkLocal Talkaccess method as well as Ethernet and Token Ring. The AppleTalk

network manager and the LocalTalkLocal Talk access method are built into all Macintoshes and

LaserWritersLaserWriters.

With other products from Apple and third parties, AppleTalk can run in PCs, VAXs and Unix

workstations. Since AppleTalk is patterned after the OSI model, it is a routable protocol that contains

a network layer (OSI layer 3).

Approach: A relational database from Lotus that is also part of Lotus' SmartSuite set.

It provides the ability to graphically create Windows applications using industry standard database

formats, such as dBASEdBase and Paradox. It includes macros and the ability to attach programming

statements to data, providing a way to automate many kinds of applications.

ARC: Server: (Advanced RISC Computing) An open system specification based on the MIPS

R3000 and R4000 CPUs. It includes EISA and TURBOchannel buses.

Ariba

ASIC: Design: An ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) is a microchip designed for a

special application, such as a particular kind of transmission protocol or a hand-held computer. ASICs

are used in a wide-range of applications, including auto emission control, environmental monitoring,

and personal digital assistants (PDAs).


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ASP: An application service provider (ASP) is a company that offers individuals or

enterprises access over the Internet to applications and related services that would otherwise have to

be located in their own personal or enterprise computers.

ASP:. Net: ASP.NET (also ASP+) is an enhanced version of ASP for the .NETplatform. It supports executable programs compiled from C#, C++ and other languages and is not

backward compatible with regular ASP code. ASP.NET pages are always compiled rather than

interpretedinterpreted, as are ASP pages.

AS: 400: (Application System/400) An IBM minicomputer series introduced in 1988 that

runs under the OS/400 operating system. It is IBM's midrange series of computer systems used

primarily for business applications, most of which are written in RPG III and COBOL.

ATG: Dynamo: ATG Dynamo comprises a comprehensive set of Java-based products that

enable an organization to deploy a fully-integratedfully integrated customer management system

(CRM) and Web site.

ATM: ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) is a dedicated-connection switching

technology that organizes digital data into 53-byte cell units and transmits them over a physical

medium using digital signal technology. Individually, a cell is processed asynchronously relative to

other related cells and is queued before being multiplexed over the transmission path.

AutoCadAutoCAD: A full-featured CAD program from AutodeskAutoDesk that runs

on PCs, VAXs, Macs and Unix workstations.

ARCSERVE (ARChiveArchive server): A server in a network used to store backup copies of

data files.

Awk: Awk (also written as Awk and AWK) is a utility that enables a programmer to

write tiny but effective programs in the form of statements that define text patterns that are to be

searched for in each line of a document and the action that is to be taken when a match is found


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within a line. Awk comes with most Unix-based operating systems such as Linux, and also with some

other operating systems, such as Windows 95/98/NT.

ASSET MANAGEMENT: Its a package to manage the assets of a company. thereThere are

different cos. who make this package. eE.g. Asset-Centre forom Peregrine. It is integrated withFinancialfinancial systems.

ADD/DROP MULTIPLEXER: A device installed at an intermediate point on a

transmission line that enables new signals to come in and existing signals to go out. In a typical

example, most signals pass through the device, but some would be "dropped" by splitting them from

the line. Signals originating at that point can be "added" into the line and directed to another

destination.

Add/drop multiplexing can be done with optical or electronic signals. The device may deal only with

wavelengths, or it may convert between wavelengths and electronic TDM signals. The setup in an

add/drop multiplexer is generally static, and the device is not reprogrammed very often.

BAAN: An ERP system from Baan that runs on Unix, NT and the AS/400. It

includes modules for manufacturing, financial, project estimating and management and distribution.

BaanERP integrates with other Baan modules such as supply chain management.

Banyan: Vines: Banyan Virtual Integrated Network Service (VINES) implements a

distributed network operating system based on a proprietary protocol family derived from the Xerox

Corporation's Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocols. VINES usesVINES use a client/server

architecture in which clients request certain services, such as file and printer access, from servers.

(VIrtualVirtual Networking System) An earlier Unix System V-based network operating system from

Banyan Systems that ran on DOS and OS/2-based servers. It provided internetworking of PCs, minis,

mainframes and other computer resources providing information sharing across organizations of

unlimited size.

BASH : Bash is a command language interpreter or shell for the GNUoperating system

that improves on the earlier sh shell and includes features from the Korn shell and the C shell. Bash is


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intended to conform to the shell standard specified as part of IEEE POSIX. A command language

script written for the sh shell will also run in the Bash shell.

BEA Tuxedo: A TP monitor from BEA Systems, Inc., San Jose, CA (www.beasys.com) that

runs on a variety of Unix-based computers. Originally developed by AT&T and sold as source code,Novell acquired it, enhanced it and offered it as shrink-wrapped software for various Unix servers. It

was later sold to BEA. BEA Tuxedo and Transarc's Encina are the major TP monitors in the Unix

client/server environment.

BEA:WeblogicWeb logic: BEA WebLogic Server is the core product that supports

the J2EE Java standards. BEA Web Logic Enterprise adds CORBA support and distributed

processing. BEA WebLogic Express adds JDBC connectivity and servlet support.

BIOS: (Basic Input Output System) An essential set of routines in a PC, which is stored

on a chip and provides an interface between the operating system and the hardware. The BIOS

supports all peripheral technologies and internal services such as the realtimereal-time clock (time and

date).

Blackberry: BlackBerryBlackberry is a handheld device and wireless e-mail handling

capability. It is also a personal digital assistant (PDA) that can include software for maintaining a

built-in address book and personal schedule. In addition, it can also be configured for use as apager.

Black: Box: A custom-made electronic device, such as a protocol converter or encryption

system.

Blaze: Blaze Advisor is a Java-based rules engine that enables Windows, Solaris

and OS/390 applications to be more easily revised by making changes in the rules database rather than

modifying the programming code.

Blue: tooth: BluetoothBlue tooth is a telecommunications industry specification that

describes how mobile phones, computers, and personal digital assistants (PDAs) can be easily

interconnected using a short-range wireless connection. Using this technology, users of cellular


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phones, pagers, and personal digital assistants can buy a three-in-one phone that can double as a

portable phone at home or in the office, get quickly synchronized with information in a desktop or

notebook computer, initiate the sending or receiving of a fax, initiate a print-out, and, in general, have

all mobile and fixed computer devices be totally coordinated.

BMC: Patrol: An application management suite from BMC that uses agents to report on

software activities on all the servers within the enterprise. Using the information in "knowledge

modules" (KMs) about each system component, agents detect events, collect information and notify

system and network administrators to take corrective action.

BIZTALK: Microsoft's logo for business-to-business and application-to-application

integration. In the late 1990s, Microsoft introduced the BizTalk Framework, which included common

XML tags and an XML schema known as "XDR." It also launched a Web site for publishing XML

repositories.

BPCS (Business Planning and Control System): It is a popular system of application

programs for manufacturing and other industries that is developed and sold by Systems Software

Associates (SSA). SSA reports that BPCS is installed at over 8,000 business sites worldwide. The

BPCS applications are divided into:

Configurable enterprise financials (including accounts receivable and payable, cost accounting,

remittance processing, and budgeting and analysis)

Supply chain management applications (including sale performance management, purchasing,

promotion, inventory management, and forecasting)

Multi-mode manufacturing applications (including planning, production scheduling, capacity

planning, shop floor control, and plant maintenance)

Brio: Brio's major products for Web querying, automatic report distribution and metrics

analysis have all been re-named to the Hyperion model of business intelligence and performance

applications.


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BSC: (BInaryBinary SYNChronousSynchronous) A major category of synchronous

communications protocols used in mainframe networks. Bi-sync communications require that both

sending and receiving devices arebe synchronized before transmission of data is started. In the IBM

world, bi-sync was superseded by SDLC.

BSS: A family of IEEE standards for wireless LANs.

Business: Objects: A query, reporting and analysis tool from Business Objects that runs

under all versions of Windows and various Unix clients. It is the leading decision support tool in the

business market, providing access to a wide variety of databases, including Oracle, INFORMIX and

DB2. As data are extracted from the database, they are stored as multidimensional OLAP cubes that

can be easily sliced and diced into different views.

Cabletron: Cabletron has been known for its modular hubs and switches that support Ethernet,

Token Ring, FDDI, SNA and ATM.

Cadence: Cadence products are used worldwide to design and develop integrated circuits

and systems for computers, telecom and networking equipment, automotive electronics and consumer

goods.

CASE: Computer Aided Software Engineering. A Development Environment providing

facilities for drawing diagrams that represent the logic and processes of systems, plus a Database

(called a Data Dictionary describing the types of data). Some CASE packages include code generation

facilities, so that once a system has been specified, much of the programming can be produced

automatically.

CAF: A Java development package for Windows and the Macintosh from Symantec.

CATIA: CATIA was one of the first CAD programs to provide 3-D solid modeling.

CATIA runs on IBM mainframes, RS/6000 and HP 9000 workstations with other platforms expected

in the future.


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CDMA: CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to occupy a

single transmissionchannel, optimizing the use of available bandwidth. The technology is used in

ultra-high-frequency (UHF) cellular telephone systems in the 800-MHz and 1.9-GHz bands.

CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: Software that manages documents for Web

sites. It provides for the storage, maintenance and retrieval of HTML and XML documents and all

related elements. Content management systems may be built on top of a native XML database and

typically provide publishing capabilities to export content not only to the Web site,butbut also to CD-

ROM and print.

CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT In a network, a system for gathering current

configuration information from all nodes in a LAN.

(1) In software development, a system for keeping track of large projects. Although version

control, which maintains a database of revisions, is part of the system, a full-blown software

configuration management system (SCM system or CM system) automatically documents all

components used to build executable programs. It is able to recreate each build as well as to

recreate earlier environments in order to maintain previous versions of a product. It may also

be used to prevent unauthorized access to files or to alert the appropriate users when a file has

been altered.

Increasingly, parts of version control and configuration management are being added to application

development systems. Examples of stand-alone configuration management systems are PVCS,

CCC/Harvest and ClearCase.

CGI: Common gateway interface (CGI) is a standard way for a Web serverto

pass a Web user's request to an application program and to receive data back to forward to the user.

CICS: CICS (Customer Information Control System) is an online transaction

processing (OLTP) program from IBM that, together with the COBOL programming language, has

formed over the past several decades the most common set of tools for building customer transaction

applications in the world of large enterprise mainframe computing.


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Cisco : PIX: A family of network firewalls from Cisco. PIX units are high-

performance, stand-alone devices that contain their own embedded operating systems and can support

up to 64K simultaneous connections.

Citrix: Its ICA-based products enable a wide variety of clients to have simultaneousaccess to applications running in the server.

Clear: Case: A software configuration management (SCM) system for client/server

environments from IBM. It supports all the major Unix platforms as well as Windows NT/2000.

Clear: quest

Clintrial

Clipper: A cryptography chip used by the U.S. government for telephone security

that used the SkipJackSkipjackalgorithm and provided for key escrow. The federal government tried

to make CLIPPER a universal method, because it alone could unscramble the data if required using

independently-storedindependently stored fragments of the Law-Enforcement Access Field (LEAF),

which could be reassembled into a decryption key. The CLIPPER chip also included the CAPSTONE

chip, which provided the actual cryptographic processing.

Cobol: (COommon Business Oriented Language) A high-level programming

language that has been the primary business application language on mainframes and minis. It is a

compiled language and was one of the first high-level languages developed.

COGNOS: It may be best known for its PowerPlayPower Play online

analytical processing (OLAP) tool, its Impromptu report and query language, and its Axiant

client/server development system. Cognos' offerings integrate with database applications like IBM's

DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, and NCR Teradata.

Cold: Fusion: An application development tool from Macromedia for writing Web pages

that interact with databases anditaudit is set of products for building Web sites and servingpages to


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users.. Instead of writing tedious CGI and Perl scripts, operations are coded in the ColdFusionCold

Fusion Markup Language (CFML) which uses HTML-like tags embedded in the Web pages.

CoolGen

Corba: Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is an architecture

and specification for creating, distributing, and managing distributed program objects in a network. It

allows programs at different locations and developed by different vendors to communicate in a

network through an "interface broker."

COTS: COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) describes ready-made products that can

easily be obtained. The term is sometimes used in military procurement specifications.

CRM: (Customer Relationship Management) An integrated information system

that is used to plan, schedule and control the presales and postsalespost sales activities in an

organization.

Crystal: Reports: Crystal Reports is a popular Windows-based report writer (report

generation program) that allows a programmer to create reports from a variety of data sources with a

minimum of written code. Developed by Seagate Software, Crystal Reports can access data from most

widely-usedwidely used databases and can integrate data from multiple databases within one report

using Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)

CSU: DSU: A CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit) is a hardware device

about the size of an external modem that converts a digital data frame from the communications

technology used on a local area network (LAN) into a frame appropriate to a wide-area network

(WAN) and vice versa.

CTI: ( computer(computer-telephony integration) Sometimes simply "computer

telephony," is the use of computers to manage telephone calls. Combining data with voice systems in

order to enhance telephone services. For example, automatic number identification (ANI) allows a


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caller's records to be retrieved from the database while the call is routed to the appropriate party.

Automatic telephone dialing from an address list is an outbound example.

DAC Digital-to-analog conversionis a process in which signals having a few (usuallytwo) defined levels or states (digital) are converted into signals having a theoretically infinite number

of states (analog).

Data Modelling A description of the organization of a database. It is often created as an

entity relationship diagram. Today's modeling tools allow the attributes and tables (fields and records)

to be graphically created. The SQL code that defines the data structure (schema) in the database is

automatically created from the visual representation.

Data Warehouse A database designed to support decision making in an organization. Data

from the production databases are copied to the data warehouse so that queries can be performed

without disturbing the performance or the stability of the production systems. Data warehouses can

become enormous with hundreds of gigabytes of transactions. As a result, subsets, known as "data

marts," are often created for just one department or product line.

DB2 A relational DBMS from IBM that was originally developed for its mainframes. Itis a full-featured SQL language DBMS that has become IBM's major database product. Known for its

industrial strength reliability, IBM has made DB/2 available for all of its own platforms, including

OS/2, OS/400, AIX (RS/6000) and OS/390), as well as for Solaris on Sun systems and HP-UX on HP

9000 workstations and servers.

DCL (Digital Command Language) Digital's standard command language for the VMS

operating system on its VAX series.

DCOM DCOM defines the remote procedure call that allows those objects to be run

remotely over the network. DCOM began shipping with Windows NT 4.0 and is Microsoft's

counterpart to CORBA.


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DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Software that manages documents for

electronic publishing. It generally supports a large variety of document formats and provides

extensive access control and searching capabilities across LANs and WANs. A document

management system may support multiple versions of a document. It may also be able to combine

text fragments written by different authors. It often includes a workflow component that routesdocuments to the appropriate users.

DACS (Digital access and cross-connect system) A digital switching device in

telecommunications forrouting T1 lines. The DACS can cross-connect any T1 line in the system with

any other T1 line also in the system. DACS can also connect any DS-0 channel or group of channels

on a T1 line to any DS-0 time slots of any other line.

DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange) A message protocol in Windows that allows

application programs to request and exchange data between them automatically.

DELPHI It includes visual programming tools and generates executable programs (.EXE

files). Delphi supports all the major databases including Oracle, Sybase and INFORMIX.

DOCUMENTUM Software that manages documents for electronic publishing. It generally

supports a large variety of document formats and provides extensive access control and searching

capabilities across LANs and WANs. A document management system may support multiple versions

of a document. It may also be able to combine text fragments written by different authors.

DREAMWEAVER A Web authoring program for Windows and the Macintosh from

Macromedia. It is a sophisticated program that is noted for many advanced features, including the

"Roundtrip" capability which lets you seamlessly move back and forth and make changes in both the

visual mode and HTML mode.

EAI EAI (enterprise application integration) is a business computing term for the

plans, methods, and tools aimed at modernizing, consolidating, and coordinating the computer

applications in an enterprise. Typically, an enterprise has existing legacy applications and databases


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and wants to continue to use them while adding or migrating to a new set of applications that exploit

the Internet, e-commerce,extranet, and other new technologies.

EDA (Electronic Design Automation) Using the computer to design, lay out, verify and

simulate the performance of electronic circuits on a chip or printed circuit board. While the publicmostly focuses on the end products and is only moderately aware of the chips and circuits inside,

without EDA, there would be nowhere near the number of electronic devices on the market today.

Electronic Data Exchange (EDI) The transfer of information as standardized messages in

predetermined formats to remote (off-site) computer systems via a VAN. EDI is increasingly being

used as the everyday means of communication between trading partners in several fields of commerce

and industry, replacing the exchange of paper documents. Standard EDI messages include, for

example, requests for quotations, orders and invoices. Several VAN providers offer EDI services.

EJB Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) is an architecture for setting up program

components, written in the Java programming language, that run in the serverparts of a computer

network that uses the client/servermodel. Enterprise JavaBeans is built on the JavaBeans technology

for distributing program components (which are called Beans, using the coffee metaphor) to clients in

a network.

ENDEAVOR A family of configuration management software products from Computer

Associates, which are used to keep track of software versions and changes. Products are available for

environments such as MVS, Unix, NT, IDMS and DB2.

ETL (Extraction, Transformation and Loading) The functions performed when pulling

data out of one database and placing it into another of a different type.

ESA/370 (Enterprise System Architecture/370) IBM enhancements that increase the

performance of high-end 4381 and 3090 mainframes. Introduced in 1988, it increases virtual memory

from 2GB to 16TB and adds techniques for managing it more effectively. This architecture is built

into System/390 ES/9000 computers.


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EMC EMC Corporation, Hopkinton, MA, www.emc.com) The leading supplier of storage

products for midrange computers and mainframes. Founded in 1979 by Richard J. Egan and Roger

Marino, EMC has developed advanced storage and retrieval technologies for the world's largest

companies. It provides a full range of RAID-based file servers and storage networks (SANs) as well

as the software and services necessary to implement and manage them. In 1999, EMC acquired DataGeneral Corporation, one of the pioneers in minicomputers in the 1970s. In 1992, Data General

introduced its CLARiiON line of RAID storage systems, which became popular.

ERWIN (Entity Relationship for WINdows) A data modeling program for Windows from

Computer Associates. It allows the database schemas to be built graphically and turns the graphs into

the appropriate SQL code for creating PowerBuilder, DB2, Oracle, Sybase and other databases. Erwin

was originally developed by Princeton, New Jersey-based LogicWorks, which was acquired by

Platinum Technology and then Computer Associates.

FILENET A document imaging system from FileNet Corporation, Costa Mesa, CA

(www.filenet.com). Introduced in 1985, FileNet is the most widely used high-end workflow system. It

runs on PCs and a variety of Unix workstations.

FIRMWARE Firmware is programming that is inserted into programmable read-only memory

(programmable ROM), thus becoming a permanent part of a computing device. Firmware is created

and tested like software (using microcode simulation). Firmware is sometimes distributed for printers,

modems, and other computer devices.

FIREWALL A firewall is a set of related programs, located at a networkgateway server, that

protects the resources of a private network from users from other networks.

FRONTPAGE A popular Web authoring program from Microsoft for Windows and the Mac.

FrontPage Editor is the graphical editor for designing the pages and FrontPage Explorer is the

management tool that lets you construct and maintain the entire site.


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FTP File Transfer Protocol (FTP), a standard Internet protocol, is the simplest way to

exchange files between computers on the Internet. Like the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP),

which transfers displayable Web pages and related files, and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

(SMTP), which transfers e-mail, FTP is an application protocol that uses the Internet's TCP/IPprotocols.

FREEBSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) The software distribution facility of the Computer

Systems Research Group (CSRG) of the University of California at Berkeley. CSRG helped develop

the TCP/IP protocols for DARPA and the ARPAnet and released them in the early 1980s along with

the Unix source code from AT&T. BSD charged for the media, and a license from AT&T was

required for use. Throughout the 1980s, this operating system release from BSD was known as "BSD

Unix."

GENTRAN

HIPAA HIPAA is the United States Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.

HIPAA seeks to establish standardized mechanisms for electronic data interchange (EDI), security,

and confidentiality of all healthcare-related data.

HONEYWELL

HP:UX HP-UX is the Unix-based operating system for the HP 9000 series of business

servers from Hewlett-Packard. The 9000 series spans a spectrum of business needs and server sizes,

ranging from an "entry-level" server appropriate for an Internet firewall, Web hosting, or branch

office use to a midrange server appropriate for advanced enterprise resource planning (ERP) or Web

commerce, to a high-end model for larger-scale and more computing-intensive applications.

IIS IIS (Internet Information Server) is a group of Internet servers (including a Web or

Hypertext Transfer Protocol server and a File Transfer Protocol server) with additional capabilities for

Microsoft's Windows NT and Windows 2000 Server operating systems.


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IMS (Information Management System) An early IBM hierarchical DBMS for IBM

mainframes running under MVS. It was widely implemented throughout the 1970s and continues to

be used. IMS/DB (IMS/DataBase) is the database part, and IMS/DC or CICS provide the online

interaction.

INFORMATICA

IVR Interactive Voice Response (IVR) is a software application that accepts a

combination of voice telephone input and touch-tone keypad selection and provides appropriate

responses in the form of voice, fax, callback, e-mail and perhaps other media. IVR is usually part of a

larger application that includes database access.

IFP IBM Intelligent Forms Processing (IFP) automates the capture of data from paper

documents. IFP employs Optical and Intelligent Character Recognition (OCR/ICR) and sophisticated

data repair technologies to ensure highly efficient, virtually error-free scanning and processing of

data, images, and 2D barcodes from structured and unstructured forms of multiple lengths, sizes, and

shapes.

IFP Can Help:- Tax returns ,Voter registration records , Census forms, Medicare or other insurance

forms , Credit card applications , Invoices and checks

IRES (Integrated Request Entry System)

JCL (Job Control Language) A command language for mini and mainframe operating

systems that launches applications. It specifies priority, program size and running sequence as well as

the files and databases used.

J2EE J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) is a Java platform designed for the

mainframe-scale computing typical of large enterprises. Sun Microsystems (together with industry

partners such as IBM) designed J2EE to simplify application development in a thin client tiered

environment. J2EE simplifies application development and decreases the need for programming and

programmer training by creating standardized, reusable modular components and by enabling the tier

to handle many aspects of programming automatically.


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FEDERAL TEAM

JAD JAD (Joint Application Development) is a methodology that involves the

client or end user in the design and development of an application, through a succession of

collaborative workshops called JAD sessions.

JAGUAR Jaguar is the code name for version 10.2 of OS X (pronounced OH-ESS-

TEHN - the "X" is a Roman numeral ten) of the Apple Macintosh operating system (OS).

JD:EDWARDS A developer of multinational, integrated enterprise software for

distribution, finance, human resources, manufacturing and supply chain management. Founded in

1977 by Jack Thompson, Dan Gregory, and Ed McVaney (each lent a small portion of their names).

JSP Java Server Page (JSP) is a technology for controlling the content or

appearance of Web pages through the use of servlets, small programs that are specified in the Web

page and run on the Web server to modify the Web page before it is sent to the user who requested it.

LINUX Linux (often pronounced LIH-nuhks with a short "i") is a Unix-like

operating system that was designed to provide personal computer users a free or very low-cost

operating system comparable to traditional and usually more expensive Unix systems. Linux has a

reputation as a very efficient and fast-performing system.

LOADRUNNER A load testing tool from Mercury Interactive. It simulates thousands of

users interacting online in order to test how well a system stands up under a heavy load.

MAINFRAME Mainframe is an industry term for a large computer, typically manufactured

by a large company such as IBM for the commercial applications of Fortune 1000 businesses and

other large-scale computing purposes. Historically, a mainframe is associated with centralized rather

than distributed computing. Today, IBM refers to its larger processors as large servers and emphasizes

that they can be used to serve distributed users and smaller servers in a computing network.

MENTOR: GRAPHICS Mentoring in information technology is for the management of a

software development project. A professional mentor may be hired for any or all of the phases of


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FEDERAL TEAM

software development including the initial planning, architecture, design, development,

implementation, debugging and testing, and deployment and installation

MAXIMO5 / ASSETMANAGEMENT The MAXIMO suite provides a comprehensive set of

solutions to meet the strategic asset management needs of any organization. MAXIMO assetmanagement solutions can be deployed on a single machine for small to mid-sized companies, yet its

scalability and performance meet the demands of global, distributed enterprises that operate multiple

sites and organizations, utilizing multiple languages and currencies.

MQ (Message Queue) Messaging middleware from IBM that allows programs to

communicate with each other across all IBM platforms, Windows, VMS and a variety of Unix

platforms. Introduced in 1994, it provides a common programming interface (API) that programs are

written to. The MQ stands for Message Queue.

MIDDLEWARE Software that functions as a conversion or translation layer. It is also a

consolidator and integrator. Custom-programmed middleware solutions have been developed for

decades to enable one application to communicate with another that either runs on a different platform

or comes from a different vendor or both. Today, there is a diverse group of products that offer

packaged middleware solutions as outlined in the following examples.

MOTIF The graphical user interface (GUI) endorsed by the Open Software Foundation. It

has become the standard graphical interface for Unix. Motif, Windows and Mac are the three major

GUIs. Motif is a graphical user interface (GUI) guideline and development toolkit for the X Window

System. As such, it defines the rules and tools for the "look-and-feel" in the graphical user interface of

most Unix-based operating systems and their applications. Developed in 1989 by the Open Software

Foundation (now part ofThe Open Group), Motif corresponds to IBM's Common User Access (CUA)

guideline for its OS/2 Presentation Manager and to the guidelines built into the Microsoft Windows

application programming interfaces, including the Microsoft Foundation Classes (Microsoft

Foundation Class Library) for user interface objects (often called widget).

MVS (Multiple Virtual Storage) Introduced in 1974, the primary operating system used

on IBM mainframes (the others are VM and DOS/VSE). MVS is a batch processing-oriented


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FEDERAL TEAM

operating system that manages large amounts of memory and disk space. Online operations are

provided with CICS, TSO and other system software.

MVS/XA (MVS/eXtended Architecture) manages the enhancements, including 2GB of virtual

memory, introduced in 1981 with IBM's 370/XA architecture.

MSPROJECT

NETWARE A family of network operating systems from Novell that support DOS, Windows,

OS/2 and Macintosh clients. Unix client support is available from third parties. In the early 1990s,

NetWare was the largest installed base of LAN operating systems.

NOVELL Formerly Novell Directory Services (NDS), eDirectory is Novell's flagship directory

service which was included in NetWare (as NDS) beginning with Version 4. It is also available for

Windows NT/2000, Solaris and Linux. eDirectory is based on the X.500 directory standard and

maintains a hierarchical database of information about the network resources within a global

enterprise, including networks, users, subgroups, servers, volumes and printers. eDirectory users log

onto the network, and eDirectory determines their access rights. eDirectory also supports LDAP

ODBC Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is an open standard applicationprogramming interface (API) for accessing a database. By using ODBC statements in a program, you

can access files in a number of different databases, including Access, dBase, DB2, Excel, and Text. In

addition to the ODBC software, a separate module or driver is needed for each database to be

accessed. The main proponent and supplier of ODBC programming support is Microsoft.

OLAP OLAP (online analytical processing) is computer processing that enables a user

to easily and selectively extract and view data from different points-of-view.

OLE: DB OLE was originally known as "Object Linking and Embedding." OLE allows an

object such as a graphic, video clip, spreadsheet, etc. to be embedded into a document, called the

"container application." If the object is playable such as a video, when it is double clicked by the user,


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FEDERAL TEAM

a media player is launched. If the object is allowed to be edited, the application associated with it (the

"server application") is launched.

OSCAR (Open System for CommunicAtion in Realtime) AOL's internal project name for AOL

Instant Messenger (AIM). The core functions of OSCAR, known as the Basic OSCAR Services(BOS), include Login/Logoff, Locate (find out about other AIM users), Instant Message (send

message) and Buddy List management. In 1998, AOL introduced TOC, a subset of OSCAR released

under the GNU license, which has been used to write AIM clients for Linux and other operating

systems.

PEOPLESOFT PeopleSoft is a leading provider ofe-business application software and claims to be

the only software company to provide e-business solutions, PeopleSoft originally offered human

resources and finance applications.

PERL (Practical Extraction Report Language) A programming language written by Larry

Wall that combines syntax from several Unix utilities and languages. Introduced in 1987, Perl is

designed to handle a variety of system administrator functions and provides comprehensive string

handling functions. It is widely used to write Web server programs for such tasks as automatically

updating user accounts and newsgroup postings, processing removal requests, synchronizing

databases and generating reports. Perl has also been adapted to non-Unix platforms.

PEOPLESOFTENTERPRISEONE ACCOUNTS PAYABLE Cash flow. Vendor terms.

Discount opportunities. Efficient and effective cash management is more than just paying bills.

PeopleSoft EnterpriseOne Accounts Payable provides the integration and flexibility you need to

optimize your accounts payable process.

PSOS

PHP In Web programming, PHP is a script language and interpreter that is freely available and

used primarily on Linux Web servers. PHP, originally derived from Personal Home Page Tools, now

stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, which the PHP FAQ describes as a "recursive acronym."


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FEDERAL TEAM

PHP is an alternative to Microsoft's Active Server Page (ASP) technology. As with ASP, the PHP

script is embedded within a Web page along with its HTML. Before the page is sent to a user that has

requested it, the Web server calls PHP to interpret and perform the operations called for in the PHP

script.

PYTHON A popular, object-oriented scripting language used for writing system utilities andInternet scripts. It is also used as a glue language for integrating components in C and C++.

RATIONALROSE Rational Rose is an object-oriented Unified Modeling Language (UML)

software design tool intended for visual modeling and component construction of enterprise-level

software applications

RACF (Resource Access Control Facility) IBM mainframe security software introduced in

1976 that verifies user ID and password and controls access to authorized files and resources.

REXX (REstructured EXtended eXecutor) An IBM mainframe structured programming

language that runs under VM/CMS and MVS/TSO. It can be used as a general-purpose macro

language that sends commands to application programs and to the operating systems. REXX is also

included in OS/2 Version 2.0.

RAS (Remote Access Service) A Windows NT/2000 Server feature that allows remoteusers access to the network from their Windows laptops or desktops via modem.

REDHAT Red Hat is a leading software company in the business of assembling open source

components for the Linux operating system and related programs into a distribution package that can

easily be ordered.

RPG:400 RPG (Report Program Generator) is a programming language that originated as a

report-building program used in DEC and IBM minicomputeroperating systems and evolved into a

fully procedural programming language. Its latest version, RPG IV, is supported by IBM's leading

minicomputer system, the AS/400.


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RPGLE (RPG with Integrated Language Environment) This later version of RPGLE is

sometimes just called "ILE.". (Report Program Generator) One of the first program generators

designed for business reports, introduced in 1964 by IBM. In 1970, RPG II added enhancements that

made it a mainstay programming language for business applications on IBM's System/3x midrange

computers. RPG III and RPG IV added more enhancements and have been widely used on theAS/400. RPGLE added the "Integrated Language Environment (ILE)," which enables C, Java and

other modules to be integrated into the program.

SAP SAP applications, built around their latest R/3 system, provide the capability to manage

financial, asset, and cost accounting, production operations and materials, personnel, plants, and

archived documents. The R/3 system runs on a number of platforms including Windows 2000 and

uses the client/server model. The latest version of R/3 includes a comprehensive Internet-enabled

package.

SAN A storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed special-purpose network (or sub

network) that interconnects different kinds of data storage devices with associated data servers on

behalf of a larger network of users.

SVR4 (System V Release 4.0) A unified version of Unix released in 1989

SP2 (1) A massively parallel computer system from IBM that supports from two to 512

RS/6000 processors. It runs AIX and uses IBM's POWERparallel architecture, which includes a

communications system between processors called the High-Performance Switch. In 1994, the

University of New Mexico's Maui High Performance Computing Center installed an SP2 with 400

CPUs, which provides 100 gigaflops of computational power.

(2) (Service Pack 2) The second service pack introduced to upgrade a major release of software.


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SAS SYSTEM Originally called the "Statistical Analysis System," it is an integrated set of

data management and decision support tools from SAS that runs on platforms from PCs to

mainframes. It includes a complete programming language as well as modules for spreadsheets, CBT,

presentation graphics, project management, operations research, scheduling, linear programming,statistical quality control, econometric and time series analysis and mathematical, engineering and

statistical applications. It also provides multidimensional data analysis (OLAP), query and reporting,

EIS, data mining and data visualization.

SQL SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard interactive and programming

language for getting information from and updating a database. Queries take the form of a command

language that lets you select, insert, update, find out the location of data, and so forth. There is also a

programming interface.

SHELL Shell is a Unix term for the interactive user interface with an operating system.

The shell is the layer of programming that understands and executes the commands a user enters. In

some systems, the shell is called acommand interpreter. A shell usually implies an interface with a

command syntax.

SHELL SCRIPT A shell script is a text file that contains a sequence of commands for aUnix-based operating system. It's called a shell script because it combines into a "script" in a single

file a sequence of commands that would otherwise have to be presented to the system from a

keyboard one at a time. The shell is the operating system's command interpreter and the set of

commands you use to communicate with the system. A shell script is usually created for command

sequences for which a user has a repeated need. You initiate the sequence of commands in the shell

script by simply entering the name of the shell script on a command line.

SQL SERVER A relational DBMS from Sybase and from Microsoft. Sybase introduced

SQL Server in 1988 for various Unix versions. In that same year, with help from IBM, Sybase created

an OS/2 version that Microsoft licensed and branded as Microsoft SQL Server.


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FEDERAL TEAM

SIEBEL A family of Web-based enterprise relationship management (ERM)

applications from Siebel Systems, The company's customer relationship management (CRM),

enterprise resource management (ERM), and partner relationship management (PRM) applications

are designed to automate those aspects of business and allow an enterprise to perform and coordinate

associated tasks over the Internet and through other channels, such as retail orcall center networks.

SOLARIS A multitasking, multiprocessing operating system and distributed

computing environment for Sun's Scalable Processor Architecture- computers. It provides an

enterprise-wide Unix environment that can manage up to 40,000 nodes from one central station.

Solaris is known for its robustness and scalability, which is expected in Unix-based SMP systems.

STORED PROCEDURE A stored procedure is a set of Structured Query Language (SQL)

statements with an assigned name that's stored in the database in compiled form so that it can be

shared by a number of programs. The use of stored procedures can be helpful in controlling access to

data (end-users may enter or change data but do not write procedures), preserving data integrity

(information is entered in a consistent manner), and improving productivity (statements in a stored

procedure only need to be written one time).

SYBASE Sybase is a computer software company that develops and sells database

management system (DBMS) andmiddlewareproducts.


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FEDERAL TEAM

TIVOLI Tivoli Systems is an IBM-owned company that develops software that allows a

business to manage its computing environment. In a large organization, keeping track of and

upgrading computer equipment and various levels of operating systems and applications is a

formidable task. Tivoli offers products and solutions in these areas:

e-business infrastructure management ,E-marketplace solutions , Industry-specific solutions ,Service provider capabilities, Availability and application management , Network management ,

Operations management .

OS/390 management ,Pervasive management (management of mobile devices and point-of-sale

terminals) ,Storage and storage area network (SAN) management , Security management ,Service

management ,Web management

SUPERDOME Superdome is a high-end 64-bit, Hewlett-Packard (HP) PA-8600 processor-based

UNIX serverdesigned for e-commerce customers using very large databases. Superdome is available

in three configurations and comes bundled with HP's e-service s

Documents

i.t. Glossaries[1]