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Faculty of Pharmacy I Faculty of Dentistry |Faculty of Medicine I
Faculty of Public Health I School of NursingUniversity of Jember, lndonesia
gvlcnSangun $ercrasi$rlenxju Insan$arytasi
ISBN: 978-602-60569-3-1
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PROCEEDING
1" ICMHS
1 st lnternational Conference
on lVledicine and Health Sciences
lnterpro nal Collaboration to Achievesusta le Development Goals (SDGs)
M^';ft'"",:ki:l:-"I- lndonesia
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EDITORS
Ari Satia Nugraha, SF., GDipSc., Msc-res, Ph.D., Apt.Lusia Oktora RKS, S.F., M.Sc., Apt.lka Puspita Dewi, S.Farm., M.Biomed., Apt.Afifah Machclaurin, S.Farm., M.Sc., Apt.Antonius Nugraha Widhi. Pratama, S.Farm., MPH., Apt.
11
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
Steering CommitteeDrs. Moh. Hasan., Ph.D (Rector ofUniversity of Jember)Drs. Zulfikar, Ph.D (Vice Rector forAcademic Affairs University of Jember)Prof Drs Bambang Kuswandi, M.Sc., PhD
drg. Rahardyan Parnaaji, M.Kes., Sp.Pros.
dr. Enny Suswati, M.Kes.
lrma Prasetyowati, SKM., M.Kes.
Ns. Lantin Su listyorini, S.Kep.,M.Kep.
Organizing CommitteeChairmainLestyo Wulandari, S.Si., M.Farm., Apt.SecretaryEndah Puspitasari, S.Farm., M.Sc., Apt.TreasurerYuni Retnaningtyas, S.Si., M.Si., Apt.Nia Kristiningrum, M.Farm., Apt.
Secretariat, Publication, andSponsorshipDivisionEka Deddy lrawan, S.Si., M.Sc., Apt.dr. Cicih Komariah Sp.M.
Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum, S.KM., M.Kes.
drg. Ayu Mas Hartini, Sp.PM.
Ns. Emi Wuri W., M.Kep., Sp.KepJ.
Event DivisionDiana Holidah, S.F., M.Farm., Apt.DR. drg. I Dewa Ayu Susilowati, M.Kes.
dr. Hairrudin, M.Kes.DR. Farida Wahyuningtyas, SKM., M.Kes.
Ns. Wantiya, S.Kep., M.Kep.
dr. Ancah Caesarina Novi M., Ph.D.
Scientific Division (Editors)Ari Satia Nugraha, SF., GDipSc., MSc-res,
Ph.D., Apt.Lusia Oktora RKS, S.F., M.Sc., Apt.lka Puspita Dewi, S.Farm., M.Biomed., Apt.Afifah Machclaurin, S.Farm., M.Sc., Apt.Antonius Nugraha Widhi. Pratama,S.Farm., MPH., Apt.Dr. drg. Masniari Novita, M.Kes.
dr. Rini Riyanti, Sp.PK.
Yunus Ariyanto, S.KM., M.Kes
Ns. Achmad Rifa'i, M.S.
Logistic DivisionDwi Nurahmanto, S.Farm., M.Sc., Apt.
111
CONTENT
PREFACE ..,.........t
EDrTORS........
PHARMACY.............
.
iii
iv
................... 1
................ 20
.......'..'.... 31
............ 35
sp.) ON WISTAR STRAIN WHITE MALE RATS WITH GLUCOSE PRELoAD 74
ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM BINTAROFLOWER (Cerbera odollam) AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538.............................. 17
STRUCTURE MODtFtCAT|ON AND MOLECULAR MODELTNG OF 1_(BENZOYLOXY)UREADERIVATIVES AS ANTICANCER DRUG CANDIDATES..
CHARACTERIZATION AND THE RELEASE TEST OF ANTI-AGING TRETINOIN IN NANOEMULSIONUSING OLIVE OIL.......
EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE AND SURFACE CHARGE ON THE UPTAKE AND IMMUNE RESPONSEOF OVALBUMIN.ALGINATE MICROSPHERES
ANTIHYPE RCHOLESTE ROLEM lC EFFECT OF Arcangelisia flava STEM EXTRACT tNHYPERLIPIDEMIC RATS........
GREEN TEA EXTRACT EFFECT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AND LIVER HISTOPATHOLOGY IND|ABETTC MtCE ...........
TH REE-WAVELENGTH SPECTROPHOTOM ETRIC M ETHOD VALI DATION FOR DETERM INATIONOF PREDNISONE TABLET CONTAINING COLORING DYES .... 39
TNFLUENCE OF OLETC ACtD ON THE tN VTTRO PENETRATTON OF DTCLOFENAC SODTUM GEL [3ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACTS FROM THE STEM BARK OF MANGROVEPLANT Rhizophora mucronata............ 47
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACItVtTy of MANGROVE pLANT Soneratia sp. ........... 51
EFFECT OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE (SLN) AND NANO STRUCTURE LIPID CARRIER (NLC)SYSTEM ON ANTIOXIDANT STABILITY OF TOMATO EXTRACT (LtptD: CETyL ALCOHOL ANDlsoPRoPYL MYRTSTATE)...... ....................... 55
EFFECTIVENESS OF BINTARO (Cerberra odollam Gaertn.) LEAF ETHANOLTC EXTRACTAGAINST Staphylococcus aureus I N-VITRO BtOFILM FORMATION 59
lY
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
coNTENT..........
COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS' COUNSELLING SKILLS ON OVER.THE-COUNTER (OTC)
M EDTCATTONS ....................2
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF CAFFEINE NANOEMULSION USING FACTORIALDESTGN STUDY.. .................. 6
EFFECI OF COMBINATION SODIUM ALGINATE-GELATN 7% : 2% CONTENT tNCHARACIERISTIC AND ANTI M ICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PROBIOTIC MICROSPHERES Lactobacillusacidophilus....... ................ 10
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVIW OF POWDER AND ETHANOLTC EXTRACT OF ANTLTON (Myrmeleon
ttr """ "'
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CORRELATION OF CD4 WITH TOTAL LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS IN HIV PATIENTS
DENTISTRY...........
Determinants of HIV/AIDS Awareness and Knowledge in Tanah Papua, lndonesia """""" 149
THE ABILITY OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY JATROPHA CURCAS LEAF EXTRACT AT COX'2
EXPRESSION ON MONOCYTES WERE EXPOSED LPS 1-54
... t45
... 148
NOVEL METHOD THYROID HORMONE MEASUREMENT ...."....
ROBUSTA COFFEE BEANS INCREASE LEVELS OF TNF- o AS A RESPONSE TO Streptococcus
mutans 762
THE LEVE6 OF TNF-A lN GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID (GCF) OF OSING TRIBE WOMEN WITH
OCCLUSAL DISHARMONY...,...,......
Effects of Robusta Coffee Bean Extract (Coffea robusta) on the Viability of Neutrophils
Exposed by Porphyromonas gingivalis.........' ...... 169
ROBUSTA COFFEE BEANS DECREASE OF INFLAMMATION IN DENTAL CARIES""......".......'' 173
The Progressive Low Chronic lnflammation on OralTissues ln Elderly
DENTAL CARIES IN PREGNANT WOMEN WHO VISITED POSYANDU OF SEVERAL PUBLIC
HEALTH CENTERS IN JEMBER 782
Role of Che moattractant Chemokine (SDF-1/CXCR4) ln Bone Marrow Niche " " " " " " ' 185
Establishment of a Rat Model of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis using lntraarticular
........................ 158
................ 165
................ L77
lnjection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant.......
PUBLIC HEALTH
RECIPROCAL DETERMINISM "DAKOCAN" CHALLENGE EFFORTS TO REDUCE HIV AND AIDS
CASES IN JEMBER DISTRICT....... . 195
IRON TABLETS DISTRIBUTION OF PREGNANT WOMAN IN THE DISTRICT AND CITY OF EAST
JAVA PROVINCE..... 200
RISK MANAGEMENT OF DUE TO EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDE POISONING FOR TOBACCO
FARMERS IN THE JEMBER DISTRICT..
AN OVERVIEW OF MOTHER KNOWLEDGE AFTER GIVING BIRTH ABOUT EXCLUSIVE
BREASTFEEDING ...... ........ 208
D|SASTER PREPAREDNESS AT PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER (PHC) BY SCORING ANALYSIS OF
GENERAL ASPECTS, HEALTH CARE, SURVEILLANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION AND
..... 190
.....794
............204
...........272LOGISTICS
INDEPENDENT FAMILY PLANNING IN RURALAND URBAN AREAS GRESIK DISTRICT .....,."...71.5
UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING ON ELIGIBLE COUPLE IN INDONESIA: 2OO7 IDHS DATA
ANALYSIS ........219
shells That Have been Polluted by lead around Youtefa Bay in Jayapura City That Have
Potential Risk Of Non Carcinogenik.'...'. ........
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION DIARRHEAL SURVEILANCE REPORT INFORMATION SYSTEM
WITH WATERFALL METHOD IN HEALTH DEVELOPMENT OF JEMBER......"...
........................ 223
\t
227
LOCAL WISDOM OF JEMBER COMMUNITY IN REDUCING CYANOGENIC LEVELS TO LOWER
URINE THIOCYANATE LEVELS 229
UNDERWEIGHT AND MORBIDITY STATUS AMONG UNDER FIVE YEARS CHILDREN IN
suRABAYA..............
CONDOM USE AMONG EXIT CLIENTS OF FEMALE SEXUAL WORKERS FOR PREVENTION
HIV/AIDS IN MAKASSAR 237
THE SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PREVALENCE EMESIS GRAVIDARIUM ON PREGNANT MOTHER IN
TRIMESTER I AT PUSKESMAS KEMBARAN I BANYUMAS REGENCY...............,..,..,..,..,............247
NURSING.. 245
We need a bigger bomb: a community attempt on fighting dengue fever in a suburban
Su ra baya, lndonesia
) ?4.
,.,.....,.......'.,'.,..,246
APPLICATION OF STANDART NURSING LANGUAGE (NANDA, NOC. NIC) USING SOCIAL MEDIA:
INSTAGRAM@ TO INCREASE INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AND MOTIVATION OF
NURSING STUDENT..... .......250
THE EFFECT OF ONION (Allium ascalonicum L.) COMPRES TOWARD BODY TEMPERATURE OF
CHILDREN WITH HIPERTERMIA IN BOUGENVILLE ROOM DR. HARYOTO LUMAJANG HOSPITAL
.......253
ACHIEVEMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE TARGET WITH MEDICATION ADHERENCE AND SODIUM
CONSUM PTION IN SAIFUL ANWAR GENERAL HOSPITAL OUTPATIENT CLIN IC... ....,.,,..,........251
EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEO OF SPLINTING PROCEDURE TO NURSING STUDENTS
spLtNTtNG SKTLL (PREHOSPTTAL SETTING).... ......................261
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN NURSE PERFORMANCE & THE LEVEL OF JAMKESMAS PATIENT
SATISFACTION IN DAHLIA II WARD, NGUDI WALUYO WLINGI HOSPITAL ........266
How To Maintain High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ln Adults: Literature Review270
SMOKING BEHAVIOUR AMONG MIDDLE AND LATE ADOLESCENTS IN A SUB DISTRICI OF
MALANG DISTRICT, EAST JAVA, IN DONESI4............ 275
THE DIFFERENCES DECLINE BREAST ENGORGEMENT CONDUCTED CONVENTIONAL METHODS
(BREAST MASSAGE) WITH HERB YEAST-KATU.. 282
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INFLUENCE OF OLEIC ACID ON THE IN VITRO PENETRATION
OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM GEL1't Lidya Ameliana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jember University
Kalimantan 1st street No 2, Jember, lndonesia,60121, lidyaa meliana @ya hoo.co.id2nd Esti Hendradi, 3'd Mochammad Yuwono, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Airlangga University, Su rabaya, lndonesia
]TRODUCTION
flclofenac sodium (DS) is a nonsteroidal,tiinflammatory drugs (NSAlDs), that inhibitsGldooxygenase-2 enzyme (COx-2). lt has first pass
rEtabolism hy 4O-5O%, because of its shorttiological halflife, the drug has to be given
l€quently (Ganiswara, 2005). Dose of DS in gel is 1%
F eetman, 2007). ln peroral use, it may cause therisk of gastrointestinal bleeding, cardiovascular,hypersensitivity reactions and disorders of theGEntral nervous (Katzung, 2002, Chuasuwan, et al.,2m8).DS does not penetrate well through skin and cannotrEach the effective concentration at the site of
-tion after transdermal application (Mohammed,
A)01; Ozguney, et a1.,2006). DS partition coefficienth n-ostanol-buffer aqua (log P) was 1.1 (Chuasuwan,
2(D8). Lipophilic nature of the stratum corneum andthe hydrophilic nature of the underlying tissuesilowed that the drug will penetrate the skin shouldhave an optimal balance between the lipophilic andlrydrophilic properties. ln general, the skin is morepnrmeable to the material which has a partitioncoefficient (P) in octanol-water between 1.0-1000(Michniac-Kohn et al., 2005).Oleic acid enhances the penetration of drugs intothe skin by increasing the fluidity of the stratumcorneum lipids through the establishment ofdrannels (water channels) (Fang, et al ,2003)This study aimed to know the influence of OleicAcid {OA) in several concentrations O%, 3% and5%) as penetration enhancer on the in vitropenetration of topical DS gel. Furthermore, thephysical properties of the topical preparation(organoleptic, pH and viscosity), and DS penetrationpercutaneously through rat skin Then observedthat in spite of DS assay and penetrate through therat skin at certain intervals and observed by meansof HPLC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
MaterialsDiclofenac sodium was obtained as a gift samplefrom PT. Kimia Farma, Carbopol 940, Propyleneglycol, Triethanolamine, Potassium Chloride,
Potasium Phosphate Dibasic, Sodium PhosphateDibasic, Sodium Chloride, Glacial Acetic Acid p.a,
Methanol p.a, distilled water, distilled water proHPLC
lnstrumentsUV Visible Spectrophotometer Hitachi UV1800, HPLC
Shimadzu, Dissolution Tester Pharmeq, diffusion cell,pH meter Denver, Viscometer Rion W-04E, filterholder, Millipore Membrane Filters 0,45[m,Preparation of Topical FormulationGel was prepared with Carbopol 940,triethanolamine, propylene glycol, oleic acid anddistilled water (Table 1.) using 2 mixtures. Mixture I
was obtained by dispersing Carbopol 940 in a
mixture of distilled water and neutralized by theaddition of triethanolamine. Mixture ll was obtainedby dissolving DS in a mixture of propylene glycol anddistilled water. After complete hydration of Carbopol940, mixture ll was added drop by drop to mixture I
by stirring manually. Oleic acid was added to mixtureby stirring manually. The resulting gel stored at room
Constituents Concentration (%)
FO F1 F2 F3
DS 1 1 7
Carbopol 940 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6Triethanolamine
30
qs qs qs
30 30Propylene glycol
Oleic acid L
Distilled water to 100 100 100 100
temperature for 24 h study prior to use.Table 1. Composition (% w/w)of DSgels
Evaluation of GelsVisuol oppeo.once
The prepared gels were visually inspected forconsistency, color, and transparency.pH of the gels
The pH of gel was determined after diluting anddispersing it in distilled water (10% w/v). All themeasurements were made in triplicate and meancalculated.
43
s
30
t
35
T
Viscosity DeterminationGel viscosity measurements were evaluated using a
viscosimeter Rion VT-04. All viscosity measurements
were performed in triplicate and mean calculatedDrug Content UniformityA series of working standard solution containing(0.4-15.3 ffi/ml )of Ds were prepared. A 20 pl a
liquot of the solution was injected on to the column
in a duplicate and the chromatograms were
recordedExactly 0.25 g gel was completely dispersed in
distilled water to make final volume 25 mL by
subjecting it to stirring for 5 min. The dispersion was
than filtered to remove the undissolved residue.
Exactly 1 mL of the filtrate was diluted to 10 mL. An
unloaded gel was also subjected to a simllar
determination to observe the effect of excipients on
the absorbance. Using the standard curve of DS in
distilled water, the drug content in gel was finallyestimated by HPLC.
ln Vitro penetration studies
The abdominal hair of male Wistar rats, weighing
130-140 g was removed carefully, without damaging
the underlying skin, using clippers Full-thickness skin
was excised from the abdomen under ether
anesthesia.(Hadgraft and Ridout, 1987; Miller et al.,
1993). Adhering subcutaneous fat phases were
disposed from the dermal surface. The samples were
then allowed to diffusion cell, with the stratum
corneum facing the donor separate into two phases
and the concentration of DS in compartment.DSpenetration rates through rat skin were measured
using a system of Dissolution Tester-diffusion cells.
with an available diffusion area of 1.77 cmr. ln this
study, 500 ml of phosphate buffer saline (PBS)
solution (pH 7.4) was used as the receptor medium
and 2 g of the test gel was placed on the donor side.
The receptor medium was kept at 37 oC and stirred
at 50 rpm. At predetermined time intervals, 5-ml
samples were taken from the receptor
compartment, for an 8-h period, and replaced by thesame volume of fresh PBS to maintain a constantvolume. DS was determined by HPLC. DS steady-
state flux, J, was estimated from the slope of thestraight line portion of the cumulative amount ofdrug absorbed against time profiles.Analytical procedure
The amount of DS in permeation samples was
determined using HPLc apparatus (Shimadzu).
Elution was carried out at room temperature with a
mobile phase consisting of methanol-water (9:l,v/v)adjusted to pH 2.2 with glacial acetic acid; the flow-rate was 1 ml /min. Detection was at 276 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Evaluations of Gels
Visuol oppeoronce
The prepared gels consistency, color, smell, and
transparency are reported in Table 2
Table 2, visual appearances of sD Gels
consistency
Gel White
Emulgel Yellowish white
Yellowish white
Emulgel Yellowish white
For-
mula Trans-pare
No
No
No
0
1
2
3
Table 3. pH and Viscosity of DS gels
Formula pH i SD Viscosity (dPaslt 5D
7,1010,03 723,33 ! 2,89
7,!0 ! o,o1 706,27 r 2,49
F2 7 ,02 !O,08 97,33 ! 2,52
14
F3 6,69 10,04 78,33 ! 2,89
visual appearances
color
Yes
Emulgel
pH Determinotion
The transport of DS across the abdominal rat skin
was investigated from a DS gel dosage form. The pH
value of the vehicle, the drug solubility in the vehicle
and the viscosity of the gel are three importantfactors to consider in the evaluation of drugpenetration from a gel dosage form across the skin
(Ho et al., 1994). Therefore, carbopol gels were
adjusted to pH 7 to minimize any pH effect Oleic
acid is acidic and has a pH of 4.4 ( Rowe , 2006) . On
the addition of oleic acid at a concentration of 5 %
pH value becomes smaller than the other formulasV i s cosity Dete rm i n ot i o n
The viscosity of the gel matrix may play an importantrole in controlling the release of the drug into thereceptor compartment when the drug diffusion
through the gel matrix is a rate determining step.
However, formulations as they are contents OA
caused a decrease in the viscosity. The viscosity of
the gel without OA (F0) was the highest, whereas
that of the gel containing 5% OA was the lowest,
because the amount of water used to swell Carbopol
decrease with the addition of OA, so it become less
swelling. The pH and viscosity readings are reported
in Table 3.Drug Content UniformityCalibration curves were constructed in the range of
concentrations of 0.4 - 15.3 prg/ml for DS. The linear
regression equation obtained was y = 42971.L3x +
481.72, with a correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9998.
The calibration curve are presented in Fig 1.
FO
F1,
SD
kinpH
clernt'ug
kin
-:reeicOn
rnt:he
onep.
OA
oftas
rst,
col
-5SS
:ed
of
-"4 r(+98.
1000 15.00
Ds co.cardir l!!Jml-)
fture 1. Calibration curve of diclofenac sodium by HPLc
analysis
The drug content uniformity of all formula arertported in Table 4.
Table 4, Drug Content UniformityFormula Drug Content (%) i SD RSD (%)
FO 95.2910.91 0.95
94.48 !O.32 0.33
F2 97 .1,6 !O,71, 0.73
F3 96.36 r 0.94 0.98
ft was observed that the drug content of all formulasyas fulfilled the requirement, between 80-110% andnSD less than 6%
h Yrtro penetration studies
ffth respect to drug permeation through the skinfrom vehicles, a drug should first diffuse out fromthe vehicle to the skin. Thus, the influence of OA ontie penetration of DS from the carbopol gels
through abdomen rat skin was examined. Thep€netration profiles of DS from these gels throughthe abdomen rat skin are presented in Fig. 2. Thep€netration profiles of F1(OA 1%) was almost similarto that from the gel F2 (OA 3%), but F2 has thehigher penetration flux of DS. F3(OA 5%) has morebwer penetration flux of DS than F1 and F2. F0 (OA
096) has the lowest fluxes. The mean maximumfluxes obtained from the penetration of DS fromabdomen rat skin are presented in Fig. 3.
Figure 2. Penetration profiles showing the effect ofdifferent grades of Oleic acid on the penetration of
diclofenac sodium
Flgure 3. Mean maximum fluxes obtained from thepenetration of diclofenac sodium from abdomen rat skin
(n=3)
ln the formula l and 2, which were DS penetrationmore higher than the formula 0 and 3, contained OA
7% and 3 % in the DS gel. OA helped DS penetrationinto the skin. Mechanism of OA as penetrationenhancers was increasing the fluidity of the stratumcorneum lipids through the water channels (Fang, etal ,2003), so that the DS permeation was moreeasier to penetrate the stratum corneum ln theformula 3 conta!ns OA 5% caused skin morelipophilic, DS will be retained longer on the skin andit was difficult to penetrate the stratum corneum. ln
the formula 0, DS largely dissolved in a gel matrixcontaining propylene glycol. lmproved solubility ofthe active ingredient in the gel matrix was usuallyfollowed by a decrease in partition coefficient, so,
the ability of DS to penetrate the stratum corneumwas also decrease (Arellano et al , L998) .
coNcrusroNThe results presented in this article showed, thepenetration enhancer action of OA in thepenetration of DS across abdomen rat skin fromcarbopol gels was increasing the fluidity of thestratum corneum Iipids through the water channels.Carbopol gels contained OA 1% and 3% provide thesimilar penetration flux and more hlgher than OA 0%
and 5%.
REFERENCES
1. Arellano, A., Santoyo, S., Martin, C., Ygartua, P.,
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