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“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 14931 (2001): Fire Works Wheel [CHD 26: Explosives andPyrotechnics]

Is 14931:2001

Indian Standard

FIREWORKS WHEEL — SPECIFICATION

AL.

Ics 71.100.30

0 BIS 2001

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

May 2001Price Group 3

Explosives and Pyrotechnic Sectional Committee, CHD 26

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Explosivesand Pyrotechnics Sectional committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council.

Fireworks wheel are pyrotechnics items used for the entertainment purpose on special occasion and festivals.They are popularly known as ‘Chakram’ in Hindi. They are safe to use when operating under the principle-controlled combustion of non-explosive chemical mixture.

Fireworks wheel are manufactured at a low scale and forma small percentage of the total production of the fxecrackers. The production of ‘Chakram’ in India is confined to the small scale and cottage Industry.

There is no 1S0 specification on this subject. This standard is formulated based on indigenous technology anddata available.

Composition of the committee responsible for formulating this standard is given in Annex F,

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance withIS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised,)’. The number of significant places retained inthe rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

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IS 14931:2001

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Indian Standard

FIREWORKS WHEEL — SPECIFICATION

1 SCOPE

This standard prescribes the requirements and methodsof sampling and test for fweworks wheels.

2 REFERENCES

The following Indian Standards contain provisionswhich through reference in this text, constituteprovision of this standard. At the time of publication,the editions indicated were valid. All standards aresubject to revision, and parties to agreements basedon this standard are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent editions of thestandards indicated below:

IS No. Title

438:1972 Specification for ahuninium powderfor explosives and pyrotechnic com-positions #rst revision)

1070:1992 Reagent grade water (third revision)

4396:1981 Specification for barium nitrate forexplosives and pyrotechnic compo-sitions (first revision)

4905:1968 Methods for random sampling5671:1984 Specification for strontium nitrate

for pyrotechnic compositions @rst

revision)

3 TERMINOLOGY

For the purpose of this standard, the followingdefinition shall apply.

3.1 Fireworks Wheels

Fireworks wheel is a domestic pyrotechnic item usedsolely for the purpose of strictly outdoor entertainment.It consists of a long hollow cylindrical paper tubecontaining a charge of densely packed, non-flashing,non-exploding pyrotechnic composition and coiledaround a small paper tube. This operates safely on theprinciple of controlled burning of pyrotechniccomposition and emission of showers of sparks androtates on its pivot. When ignited by lighting the tip,rotation is usually accompanied by a stream of sparks,twinkles and colour. The construction, compositionand the mass of the charge should be as approved bythe Chief Controller of Explosives.

4 TYPES

The fireworks wheels shall be of the following types:

a) White — Fireworks wheel which produceswhite stream of sparks; while rotating;

b) Coloured — Fireworks wheel which produceswhite stream of sparks with coloured flameat the centre of the wheel while rotating.

5 GRADES

The fmeworks wheels shall be of four grades accordingto the nominal diameter and mass of the pyrotechnicmixture (see 6.3.3).

6 REQUIREMENTS

6.1 Manufacture

6.1.1 The end portion of the fweworks wheel shall besealed with gum. The front portion of the fweworkswheel tube shall be tilled with pyrotechnic charge andit is coiled around a small paper-tube.

6.1.2 Two cardboard discs are pasted on both sides ofthe tubes, one paper pivot is pasted with gum at thecentre of the cardboard on one side and it is rotatedon the pivot while fimctioning. The fireworks wheelshall not burst or crack at any instance and they shallnot fly over the ground while rotating.

6.1.3 The paper tube should be made of kraft paper of52 g/m2.

6.2 Particle Size

The particles of the pyrotechnic composition shall havediameter of largest diagonal not exceeding 25 percentof the inner diameter of the tube.

6.3 Ignition

Lighting end shall be provided with easy ignitabilitywith an igniting tip of composition containing bariumnitrate, potassium nitrate, fine aluminium powder,sulphur and dextrin. The length and burn”ing of thisigniting composition shall be so appropriated as toprovide not less than 2 seconds and not more than 4seconds before emission start.

6.3.1 The charge shall be densely filled, free of gapsand rarefactions. No portion of the item shall deformwhen pressed with thumb and fingers.

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Is 14931:2001

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6.3.2 The pyrotechnic composition for the non-combustible composition at the end shall not leak orspill through respective end seals or any other part ofthe item when tapped lightly (see Annex A).

6.3.3 Diameter, Mass and Time of Burning

The total diameter and mass of the pyrotechnicmaterial and duration of effective burning of freworkswheel shall be as follows:

Grade Total Mass Duration

Diameter of the Chemical of Burning

of Wheel Composition

cm g s

I 2.6 * 0.1 1 * 0.2 6+1

II 3.4 * 0.1 2 + 0.2 14+1

III 4.6 + 0.1 4 + 0.2 16+1

IV 6.0 ● 0.2 7 ● 0.02 25*1

6.4 Composition

Depending upon the variety intended, the pyrotechniccomposition may contain some or all of the followingmaterials.

6.4.1 Barium Nitrate — See IS 4396.

6.4.2 Strontium Nitrate — See 1S 5671.

6.4.3 Aluminium Powder Coarse and Medium

Grades) — See 1S 438.

6.4.4 Aluminium A4agnesium-Alum inium Alloy

Particulars

6.4.5 Potassium Nitrate

6.4.6 Titanium Chips

6.4.7 P. K CResin (Powder)

6.5 Pyrotechnic composition for tipping or priming.The pyrotechnic composition for fireworks wheel bypriming may contain some or all the followingmaterials.

6.5.1 Potassium Nitrate

6.5.2 Sulphur

6.5.3 Dextrin

6.7 Performance Requirement

6.7.1 Ignitability

Fireworks wheels shall get ignited with relative easeon a small open flame and shall pass when testedaccording to the method given in Annex C.

6.7.2 Fireworks wheels shall not burst at any stagewhile fimctioning.

6.7.3 Fireworks wheel shall burn to the fullcomposition-length at a regular speed. The rotationof the wheel shall not be violent or shall not jumpover the ground.

6.7.4 Fireworks wheels while burning shall not shootcut particles or burning cinders.

6.8 Stability of Pyrotechnic Composition

The pyrotechnic composition of the fweworks wheelshall pass the stability test at 100* 2°C for two hourswhen tested by the method given in the Annex D.

7 PACKING AND MARKING

7.1 Packing

The fmeworks wheels shall be placed on their sideswell inside the suitable cardboard boxes. They shallfit tightly into boxes. While packing both ties offireworks wheels the regulations and provisions of theWeights and Measures and Package Commodip Rules,shall be followed. Further for the sake of easymarketability the fireworks wheels may be packed innumbers of o~e, fives or ten in a single box. Ten boxesshall be packed in packets.

7.2 Marking

Each box and packet shall be legibly marked with thefollowing information:

a) Name and type of the material;

b) Indication of the source of manufacture; and

c) Batch number in code or otherwise to enable‘the lot of manufacture to be traced fromrecord.

7.2.1 BIS Certl~cation Marking

The packages may also be marked with the StandardMark.

6.5.4 Aluminium Powder 7.2.1.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by

6.5.5 Boric Acidthe provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act,1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder.

6.5.6 Barium Nitrate The details of conditions, under which the licence for

6.6 The pyrotechnic composition for the fireworksthe use of the Standard Mark may be granted tomanufacturers or producers maybe obtained from the

wheel shall be free ilom chlorate when tested by the Bureau of Indian Standards.method prescribed in Annex B.

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Is 14931:2001

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8 QUALITY OF REAGENTS 9 SAMPLING

Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals and reagent Representative sample of the material shall be drawngrade water (see IS 1070) shall be employed in tests. and conformity of the material to the requirements of

NOTE — ‘Pure chemicals’ shall mean chemicals that do nothis specification shall be determined according to the

contain impurities which affect the results of analysis. procedure prescribed in Annex E.

ANNEX A

(Clause 6.3.2)

TEST FOR SPILL PROOFNESS

A-1 PROCEDURE with the lighting end (red end) downwards. Gently

Place a white paper over a rubber mat. Hold the wheeltap the wheel on the paper. Observe any leakage orspillage.

ANNEX B

(Clause 6.6)

DETERMINATION OF CHLORATE

B-1 REAGENT B-2 PROCEDURE

B-1.l Aniline Hydrochloride B-2.1 Take 5.0 g of the pyrotechnic composition in a

Dissolve 18 g of redistilled aniline in 375 ml of250 ml beaker. Add 50 ml ofwater and stir-well. Digest

concentrated hydrochloric acid and make up thefor 2 minutes by slight warming. Allow it to cool and

volume to 500 ml with water. Add 2 drops of saturatedthen filter. To the filtrate, add 50 ml of anilinehydrochloride reagent.

potassium chlorate solution, shake and allow to standovernight. Filter off the blue sediment, store the B-2.2 No blue colour shall develop when kept for 10reagent in a glass stoppered bottle in dark. minutes.

ANNEX C

(Clause 6.7.1)

TEST FOR IGNITABILITY

C-1 PROCEDURE b) No hot particles falls out of burning fueworks

C-1.l Take six pieces of fireworks wheels and exposewheel.

to an atmosphere of 90 percent relative humidity and C-1.l.l The test atmosphere of 90 percent relative27+ 2°C (see C-1.1.1) for 24 h. Examine the fireworks humiditv at 27 + 2°C mav be obtained as follows:.wheels after this period. The materials shall beconsidered to have passed the requirements of the test

Place in a desiccator an aqueous sludge of hydrated

if on ignition:zinc sulphate so that the area of ‘surface of the sludgeis not less than 75 percent of the floor of the desiccator.

a) The fireworks wheel bums continuously with The inner plate shall have sufficient perforations sothe emission of continuous sparks and rotate, as to diffuse water vapour freely within the desiccator.and

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ANNEX D

(Clause 6.8)

TEST FOR STABILITY

D-1 PROCEDURE it at this temperature for two hours. If it is now

D-1. 1 Take 5 g of the pyrotechnic mixture in a dishmoistened with water and again dried, it shall ignite

and heat slowly on a sand bath to 100 * 2°C and keepspontaneously.

)

\,......\ANNEX E

(Clause 9)

SAMPLING OF FIREWORKS WHEEL

E-1 SAMPLING

E-1.l Lot

E-1.l.l All the boxes of firework wheel belonging tothe same batch of manufacture shall constitute a lot.

E-1.1.2 For ascertaining the conformity of the materialwith the requirements of the specification, sample shallbe tested from each lot separately. The number ofpackets to be selected from a lot shall depend on thesize of the lot and shall be according to Table 1.

E-1.1.3 The packets from the lot and also the boxesfrom the selected packets shall be selected at random.In order to ensure randomness of selection, proceduresgiven in IS 4905 maybe followed.

E-2 NUMBER OF TESTS AND CRITERIA FORCONFORMITY

E-2.1 The packets selected in accordance with CO12of Table 1 and the boxes in them shall be examined

for packing and marking requirement as well asprecautionary label. All the packets and boxes shallfulfil these requirements.

E-2.2 The number of boxes as per CO13 of Table 1shall be selected at random from each of the samplepackets for all other requirements. The requirednumber of fireworks wheels in CO14 of Table 1 shallbe selected approximately in equal numbers from eachof the boxes. These fireworks wheels shall beindividually tested for requirements given in 6.3.2,6.6,6.7.1 and 6.8. Any item failing in one or more ofthe requirements shall be termed as defective. Thenumber of defective firework wheels shall not be morethan the permissible number of defective as given inco] 5 of Table 1, if the lot is to be accepted under thisclause.

E-2.2.1 The lot shall be finally considered to beconforming to the requirements of the specification ifthe criteria for conformity given in E-2.1 and E-2.2are satisfied.

Table 1 Scale of Sampling

(Clauses E-1. 1.2, E-2.1 and E-2.2)

Number of Number of Packets Number of Boxes Number of Fireworks Permissible Number Sample SizePackets in the Lot to be Selected Selected Wheels to be Selected of Defective for Testing Chlorate

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

upto50 2 5 13 1 1

51 to loo 3 8 20 2 2

101 to 300 5 13 32 3 3

301 to 500 7 20 60 5 4

501 and above 10 32 80 7 5

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Is 14931:2001 .4

Chairman

Smr R. H. BHALEXAR

ANNEX F

(Forewor~

COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

Explosives and Pyrotechnic Sectional Committee, CHD 26

Representing

Chief ControllerofExplosives, Nagpur

Members

SHRIK. N. GHOSH(Alternate toShri R. H. Bhalekar)

DRM. M. BHAITACHARYA

SmuR. R. SINGH(Alternate)SW D. K. JAIN

SmuN. L. DWITA(Alternate)

SHIUC. P. BANSALSHRID. K. JAIN(Alternate)

Sr-rraN. G. WAGLESmuhimRENuTALw.ma(Alternate)

SIUUN. K. GrJHASHRIY. S. BHATNAGAR(Alternate)

SW B.N. P. SrNHASmzrY. K. SHARMA(Alternate)

DRA.K. BHALLA

DRK. S. UPPAL(Alterrrate)Smuc. MRIOHASHIUR. P. KHANNA

DRA. K. SARANG1(Alternate)

SHRIA. S. KHOSLASHRIS. C. BHATIA(Alternate)

sHroDEEPAXKULAWAL4CAPTN.K. DAWAR(Alternate)

DRK. L. PATEL

SmoS.B. PATE(Aftemate)SHRIR.N. SrNHA

‘MmA. K. CHAmmtrrzE(Alternate)

DRA.K. MuxmsruuSmuM. RAMAXIUSHNA(Alternate)

sHRrs. c. AoAK

SHRIA. SANYAL(Alternate)SHFUR.K. BHARGAVA

SNRIS. BANOGPAOHYAY(Alternate)

%U B. RAN4ESHKUMARSmuH. S. ACHUITA(Alternate)

SHRIK.%WANATHANSmr A.CHELLADHORAI

SHIUC. WBBASINGH(Alternate)Srm.rV.BALAXIUSHNAN

SHIUV. VENXATARAMAN(Alternafe)

SECRETARY(Alternate)PRmmENr

SrxmrARY (Alternate)!ku J. VAIDYANAlU4NSHRIR. N. DESAI

SHNM. RABHAXARAN(Alternate)SHRIS.JAYARAMAN

DRAMARJEmSINGH(Alternate)

Smu Lmm WNGH,Dhector (Chem)

Central Mining ResearchInstitute,Dhanbad

Central Mine Planning&Design Institute Limited, Ranchi

Coal India Limited, Kolkata

ConsumerGuidance Societyof Indi&Mumbai

DevelopmentCommissioner(SmallScale Industries),New Delhi

Dhectorate GeneralofMlnes Safety,Dhanbad

DefenceResearch&Development Organization(DRDG), CEES, Ministry of Defence,Delhi

Dhctorate GeneralOrdnance Factories (lXiOF), Ministry of Dcfence, KolkataDirectorate General of Quality Assurance (DGQA),Mlnishy of Defence, New Delhi

Dkcctorate of Standardization(DSTD),Minis@yof Dcfence,New Delhi

FederationofCormgated Box Manufacturersofhdi~ Mumbai

IBP Co Limited, New Delhi

IE Limited, Kolkata

IDL IndustriesLimited, Hydembad

IndkmInstituteof Packaging,Mumbai

National MineralDevelopmentCorporationLtd, Hyderabad

Noble ExplochemLtmited,NagpurStandardFireworks,Sivakasi

TamilNadu IndustrialExplosivesLimited,Vellore

The TamiINadu Fireworks and AmorcesManufacturersAssociation, SivrdcA

The All India Chamber of Match Industries, Sivakasi

WIMCO Limited, MumbaiBhamt DynamicsLtd, Hyderabad

High Energy MaterialResearchLaboratory,Pune

Dkector General, MS (Ex-o#lcioA4enrber)

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Member-Secretary

SHIUMATICMrrruGUPTADeputy Director (Chem), BIS

(Continued orrpage 6)

5

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IS 14931:2001

(Continued>ompage 5)

Pyrotechnics Subcommittee, CHD 26:6

SHRIA.P. SELVARAIAN

Members

WIGA. S. CmNANAOAR(A/terrraletoShri A. P. Selverajrm)

SmuN. G. WAGLESmrNMmRENIJTALwmn(Alternate)

Sma K.N. GHOSH

SHMN.K. GuriA

SmuY. S. BHATNAGAR(Akrnde)DRV.N. SrNGH

SW A. K. GANGULI(Alternate)

SW G. AarauaEN

SHFUP. PALANNEL(Alternate)RWUES5WATIVE

!%u H. MII.WANISm S.KUKREIA(Alternate)

SHRlc. SUBBASINGHSmuG. PARmMARmY%0 P. KANAGAWI.

SW C.KANNAN(.4flernaie)PRFsIoENr

SECRETARY(Alternate)

Representing

Sri Kaliswari Fireworks, Sivakasi

ConsumerCMdanceSociety of Indiaj Mumbai

Chief Controllerof Explosives,NagpurDevelopmentCommissioner(SmallScale Industries),New Delhi

Dkectorate GenerrdGrdnaneeFactories (DGOF),Mhistry of Defenee, Kolkata

AyyanFiiWOikS, Skdd

Loss PreventionAssociationof India Ltd, MumbaiNorthern India PyrotechnicManufacturersAssociation,Gwalior

StandardFireworksLimited, SivakasiThe ArasanFireworks Factory, SivakasiThe CoronationFmorks Factory, Sivakasi

The TamilNadu Fireworksand AmoreesMarmfaehrrersAssociation, SIVMCMJ

6

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Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also

reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates thatno changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Usersof Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition byreferring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. CHD 26 (751).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

t

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