Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS/ISO 14050 (2002): Environmental Management - Vocabulary[CHD 34: Environmental Management]

1s/1s0 14050:2002

$%7’7%W7’57r

‘Lil~iu [ m%– WfvTrk5wwwiiIndian Standard

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT — VOCABULARY

ICS 13.020.10

.—

0 BIS 2004

BUREAU OF IN DIANSTAN DAR DSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

March 2004 Price Group 7

,, .-.

Environmental Management Sectional Committee, CHD 34

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard which is identical with ISO 14050:2002 ‘Environmental management — Vocabulary’issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of IndianStandards on the recommendations of the Environmental Management Sectional Committee and approvalof the Chemical Division Council.

The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard withoutdeviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attention isparticularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should be readas ‘Indian Standard’

b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker, while in Indian Standards, the current practice is to-$

use a point (.) as the decimal marker.

c) French version has been deleted.

1s/1s0 14050:2002

Introduction

This international Standard contains concepts and their definitions as used in the ISO 14000 series of InternationalStandards related to environmental management.

Communication is important in the implementation and operation of Environmental Management Systems. Thiscommunication will be most effective if there is a common understanding of the terms used.

Many environmental terms and definitions are the result of recently developed concepts. The gradual evolution ofthese environmental concepts inevitably means that environmental terminology will continue to develop. Thepurpose of this document is to convey understanding of the terms used in the ISO 14000 series of InternationalStandards.

The terms and definitions in this International Standard are derived from the following international Standards onenvironmental management.

ISO 14001:1996

ISO 14004:1996

ISO 14010:1996

ISO 14011:1996

ISO 14012:1996

ISO 14020:2000

ISO 14021:1999

ISO 14024:1999

lSO/TR 14025:2000

1s0 14031:1999

1s0 14040:1997

ISO 14041:1998

ISO 14042:2000

ISO 14043:2000

Environmental management systems — Specification with guidance for use

Environmental management systems — General guidelines on principles, systems andsupporting techniques

Guidelines for environmental auditing — General principles

Guidelines for environmental auditing — Audit procedures — Auditing of environmentalmanageflent systems

Guidelines for environmental auditing — Qualification criteria for environmental auditors

Environmental labels and declarations — General principles

Environmental labels and declarations — Self-declared environmental claims (Type IIenvironmental Iabelling)

Environmental labels and declarations — Type I environmental Iabelling — Principles andprocedures

Environmental labels and declarations — Type Ill environmental declarations

Environmental management — Environmental performance evaluation — Guidelines

Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework

Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Goal and scope definition andinventory analysis

Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Life cycle impact assessment

Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Life eye/e interpretation

i

1S/1S0 14050:2002

In addition, annex A gives terms and definitions from the Technical Report lSO/TR 14061:1998, Morrnation toassist forestry organizations in the use of Environmental Management System standatis ISO 14001 and/s0 14004.

Because of the ongoing work on the development of environmental management standards within lSO/TC 207,and in cooperation with lSOflC 176, including the publication of additional and revised International Standards, thisInternational Standard will be reviewed, and as appropriate revised or amended.

Other concepts which may be encountered in the environmental management field are not defined in thisInternational Standard. However, to aid users of the ISO 14000 series of standards on environmental management,some of these additional concepts are included with bibliographic references in annex B.

Users should be aware that the application and description of these mncepts vary throughout the internationalenvironmental community. Their presence in annex B is not intended to promote or endorse the use of theseconcepts.

ii

1S/1S0 14050:2002

Indian Standard

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT — VOCABULARY

Scope

This International Standard contains definitions offundamental concepts related to environmental man-agement, published in the ISO 14000 series of inter-national Standards.

Terms and definitions

In some cases, the special usage of a concept in aparticular context is indicated by the qualificationgiven in angle brackbts before the definition.

The relevant source is given in brackets for each defi-nition and note. If the same definition appears in morethan one document, the earliest document is normallygiven as source.

1 General terms relating toenvironmental management

1.1environmentsurroundings in which an organization (1.4) oper-ates, including air, water, land, natural resources,flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation

NOTE Surroundings in this context extend from withinan organization to the global system.

1.2environmental aspectelement of an organization’s (1.4) activities, productsor services that can interact with the environment(1.1)

NOTE A significant environmental aspect is an en-vironmental aspect that has or can have a significant en-vironmental impact (1.3).

[Iso 14001]

1.3environmental impactany change to the environment (1.1), whether ad-verse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting froman organization’s (1.4) activities, products or services

[1s0 14001]

1.4organizationcompany, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority orinstitution, or part or combination thereof, whether in-corporated or not, public or private, that has its ownfunctions and administration

NOTE For organizationswith more than one operatingunit, a single operating unit may be defined as an organiza-tion.

[1s0 14001] [1s0 14001]

1

1s/1s0 14050:2002

1.5interested partyperson or group having an interest in the performanceor outcome of an organirdtion or a system

NOTE 1 “Outcome” includes products and agreements;“system”includes product systems and environmental label-Iing and declaration systems.

NOTE 2 This generic definition is not taken directly fromany other document. The concept is defined specificallyfrom the point of view of environmental performance inISO 14001 (with identical definition in ISO 14004 andISO 14031), of type I environmental Iabelling in ISO 14024,of type Ill environmental declaration in lSO/TR 14025 and oflife cycle assessment in ISO 14040.

The definitionsare as follows:

—

—

—

—

individual or group concerned with or affected by theenvironmental petiormance of an organization

[1s0 14001]

any party affected by a type I environmental Iabellingprogramme

[ISO 14024]

any party affected by the development and use of atype Ill environmentaldeclaration

[lSO/lR 14025]

individual or group concerned with or affected by theenvironmental performance of a product system, or bythe results of the life cycle assessment

[Iso 14040]

1.6third partyperson or body that is recognized as being indepen-dent of the parties involved, as concerns the issues inquestion

NOTE 1 “Parties involve& are usually supplier (“firstparty”)and purchaser (“semnd party”)interests.

[ISO 14024]

NOTE 2 “Third party” does not necessarily imply the in-volvement of a certificationbody,

[lSO/TR 14025]

1.7certificationprocedure by which a third party (1.6) gives writtenassurance that a product, process or service con-forms to specified requirements

.

[ISO 14024]

1.8prevention of pollutionuse of processes, practices, materials or products thatavoid, reduce or control pollution, which may includerecycling, treatment, process changes, controlmechanisms, efficient use of resources and materialsubstitution

NOTE The potential benefits of prevention of pollutioninclude the reduction of adverse environmental impacts(1 .3), improved efficiency and reduced costs.

[1s0 14001]

1.9wasteanything for which the generator or holder has no fur-ther use and which is discarded or is released to theenvironment (1. 1)

[ISO 14021]

NOTE “Waste” is also defined from the point of view oflife cycle assessment in ISO 14040 as: “any output from theproduct system which is disposed of”. -

1.10transparencyopen, comprehensive and understandabletion of information

[1s0 14040]

1.11environmental performance

presenta-

results of an organization’s (1.4)management of itsenvironmental aspects (1.2)

NOTE In the context of environmental managementsystems (2. 1), results may be measured against the or-ganization’s (1.4) environmental policy (2.1 .1), objec-tives (2.1 .2), and targets (2.1 .3).

[1s0 14031]

—

2

1s/1s0 14050:2002

1.11.1environmental performance evaluationEPEprocess to facilitate management decisions regardingan organization’s (1.4) environmental performance(1,1 1) by selecting indicators, collecting and analysingdata, assessing information against environmentalperformance criteria (1.1 1.1.1), reporting and com-municating, and periodically reviewing and improvingthis process

[1s0 14031]

1.11.1.1environmental performance criterionenvironmental objective (2.1 .2), target (2.1 .3), orother intended level of environmental performance(1. 11) set by the management of the organization(1,4) and used for the purpose of environmental per-formance evaluation (1.11.1)

[1s0 14031]

1.11.1.2environmental condition indicatorECIspecific expression that provides information aboutthe local, regional, national, or global condition of theenvironment (1.1 )

NOTE “Regional”may refer to a state, a province, or agroup of states within a country, or it may refer to a group ofcountries or a continent, depending on the scale of the con-dition of the environment that the organization (1.4)chooses to consider.

[1s0 14031]

1.11.1.3environmental performance indicatorEPIspecific expression that provides information about anorganization’s (1.4) environmental performance(1.11)

[1s0 14031]

1.11.1.3.1management performance indicatorMPIenvironmental performance indicator (1. 11.1.3) thatprovides information about the management efforts toinfluence an organization’s (1.4) environmental per-formance (1.1 1)

1.11.1.3.2operational performance indicatorOPIenvironmental performance indicator (1.1 1.1.3)that provides information about the environmentalperformance (1.1 1) of an organization’s (1.4) opera-tions

[1s0 14031]

2 Terms relating to environmentalmanagement systems

2.1environmental management systemEMSpart of the overall management system that includesorganizational structure, planning activities, responsi-bilities, practices, procedures, processes and re-sources for developing, implementing, achieving,reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy(2.1.1)

[1s0 14001]

2.1.1environmental policystatement by the organization (1.4) of its intentionsand principles in relation to its overall environmentalperformance (2.1 .5) which provides a framework foraction and for the setting of its environmental objec-tives (2.1 .2) and targets (2.1 .3)

[1s0 14001]

2.1.2environmental objectiveoverall environmental goal, arising from the environ-mental policy (2. 1.1), that an organization (1.4) setsitself to achieve, and which is quantified where practi-cable

[1s0 14001]

2.1.3environmental targetdetailed performance requirement, quantified wherepracticable, applicable to the organization (1.4)orparts thereof, that arises from the environmental ob-jectives (2.1 .2) and that needs to be set and met inorder to achieve those objectives

[1s0 14001]

..

[1s0 14031]

3

1s/1s0 14050:2002

2.1.4continual improvementprocess of enhancing the environmental manage-ment system (2. 1) to achieve improvements in over-all environmental performance (2.1 .5) in line withthe organization’s (1.4) environmental policy(2.1,1)

NOTE The process need not take place in all areas ofactivity simultaneously.

[1s0 14001]

2.1.5environmental performance(management system) measurable results of the en-vironmental management system (2. 1), related toan organization’s (1.4) control of its environmentalaspects (1.2), based on its environmental policy(2.1.1 ), objectives (2.1.2) and targets (2.1.3)

[1s0 14001]

3 Terms relating to auditing

3.1environmental auditsystematic, documented verification process of objec-tively obtaining and evaluating audit evidence (3.4)to determine whether specified environmental activi-ties, events, conditions, management systems, or in-formation about these matters conform with auditcriteria (3.3), and communicating the results of thisprocess to the client

[1s0 14010]

3.1.1environmental management system auditsystematic and documented verification process ofobjectively obtaining and evaluating audit evidence(3.4) to determine whether an organization’s (1.4)environmental management system (2. 1) conformswith the environmental management system audit cri-teria, and communicating the results of this process tothe client

3.1.2environmental management system audit(internal audit) systematic and documented verifica-tion process of objectively obtaining and evaluatingevidence to determine whether an organization’s(1.4) environmental management system (2. 1) con-forms to the environmental management systemaudit criteria (3.3) set by the organization, and forcommunication of the results of this process to man-agement

[1s0 14001]

3.2subject matterspecified environmental activity, event, condition,management system, and/or information about thesematters

[1s0 14010]

3.3audit criteriapolicies, practices, procedures or requirementsagainst which the auditor compares collected auditevidence (3.4) about the subject matter (3.2)

NOTE Requirements may include but are not limited tostandards, guidelines, specified organizational require-ments, and legislative or regulatory requirements

[1s0 14010]

3.4audit evidenceverifiable information, records or statements of fact

NOTE 1 Audit evidence, which can be qualitative orquantitative, is used by the auditor to determine whetheraudit criteria (3.3) are met.

NOTE 2 Audit evidence is typically based on interviews,examination of documents, observation of adtvities andcondtions, existing results of measurements and tests orother means within the scope of the audit.

[1s0 14010]

[1s0 14011]

4

1S/1S0 14050:2002

3.5audit findingresult of the evaluation of the collected audit evi-dence (3.4) compared against the agreed audit crite-ria (3.3)

NOTE The findings provide the basis for the auditreport.

[1s0 14010]

3.6audit conclusionprofessional judgement or opinion expressed by anauditor about the subject matter (3.2) of the audit,based on and limited to reasoning the auditor has ap-plied to audit findings (3.5)

[1s0 14010]

3.7auditeeorganization (1.4) to be audited

[1s0 14010]

3.8audit clientclientorganization (1.4) commissioning the audit

NOTE 1 The client may be the auditee (3.7), or anyother organization which has the regulatory or contractualright to commissionan audit.

[1s0 14010]

NOTE2 In ISO 14010, the term “client” is used insteadof audit client.

3.9audit teamgroup of auditors, or a single auditor, designated toperform a given audit

NOTE 1 The audit team may also include technical ex-perts and auditors-in-training.

NOTE2 One of the auditors on the audit team performsthe function of lead auditor.

NOTE 3 Adapted from ISO 14010.

3.9.1environmental auditorperson qualified to perform(3.1)

[1s0 14010]

environmental audits

3.9.2lead environmental auditorperson qualified to manage and perform environ-mental audits (3.1)

[1s0 14010]

3.9.3technical expert(auditing) person who provides specific knowledge orexpertise to the audit team (3.9), but who does notparticipate as an auditor

[[s0 14010]

4 Terms relating to product system

4.1product systemcollection of materially and energetically connectedunit processes (4.3) which perform one or more de-fined functions

NOTE 1 For the purposes of life cycle assessment, theterm “product”used alone includes not only product sys-tems but can also include service systems.

NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 14040.

4.2productany goods or service

[ISO 14021]

4.2.1intermediate productinput (4. 12) to or output (4.13) from a unit process(4.3) which requires further transformation

[1s0 14041]

4.2.2co-productany of two or more products from the same unitprocess (4.3)

[1s0 14041]

5

1S/1S0 14050:2002

4.2.3packagingmaterial that is used to protect or contain a product(4.2) during transportation, storage, marketing or use

NOTE 1 For the purposes of type II environmental label-Iing, the term “packaging” also includes any item that isphysically attached to, or included with, a product or its con-tainer for the purpose of marketing the product or communi-cating information about the product.

NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 14021.

4.2.4final productproduct (4.2) which requires no additional trans-formation prior to its use

[1s0 14041]

4.3unit processsmallest portion of a product system (4.1) for whichdata are collected when performing a life cycle as-sessment (5.3)

[1s0 14040]

4.4functional unitquaritified performance of a product system (4.1) foruse as a reference unit in a life cycle assessment(5.3) study

[Iso 14040]

4.5system boundaryinterface between a product system (4.1) and theenvironment (1. 1) or other product systems

[1s0 14040]

4.6allocationpartitioning the input (4. 12) or output (4.13) flowsof a unit process (4.3) to the product system (4.1)under study

[1s0 14040]

4.7elementary flow(input) material or energy entering the system beingstudied, which has been drawn from the environment(1.1 )without previous human transformation

NOTE Adapted from ISO 14040.

4.8elementary flow(output) material or energy leaving the system beingstudied, which is discarded into the environment(1.1 ) without subsequent human transformation

NOTE Adapted from ISO 14040.

4.9raw materialprimary or secondary material that is used to producea product (4.2)

[1s0 14040]

4.10energy flowinput (4.12) to or output (4.13)(4.3) or product system (4.1),units

from a unit processquantified in energy

NOTE Energy flow that is input may be called energyinput energy flow that is output may be called energy out-put.

[1s0 14041]

4.10.1feedstock energyheat of combustion of raw material inputs, which arenot used as an energy source, to a product system(4.1)

NOTE It is expressed in terms of higher heating valueor lower heating value.

[1s0 14041]

4.10.2process energyenergy input required for a unit process (4.3) tooperate the process or equipment within the process,excluding energy inputs for production and delivery ofthis energy

[1s0 14041]

6

1S/1S0 14050:2002

4.11reference flowmeasure of the needed outputs (4.13) from proc-esses in a given product system (4.1) required to ful-fil the function expressed by the functional unit (4.4)

[1s0 14041]

4.12inputmaterial or energy which enters a unit process (4.3)

NOTE Materials may include raw materials (4.9) andproducts (4.2).

[1s0 14040]

4.12.1ancillary inputmaterial input that is used by the unit process (4.3)producing the product, but does not constitute a partof the product

EXAMPLE A catalyst.

[1s0 14041]

4.13outputmaterial or energy which leaves a unit process (4,3)

NOTE Materials may include raw materials (4.9), in-termediate products (4.2. 1), products (4.2), emissionsand waste (1 ,9).

[1s0 14040]

4.13.1fugitive emissionuncontrolled emission to air, water or land

EXAMPLE Material released from a pipeline coupling.

[1s0 14041]

5 Terms relating to life cycleassessment

5.1life cycleconsecutive and interlinked stages of a product sys-tem (4. 1), from raw material acquisition or generationof natural resources to the final disposal

5.2practitionerindividual or group that conducts a life cycle as-sessment (5.3)

[1s0 14040]

5.3life cycle assessmentLCAcompilation and evaluation of the inputs (4.12), out-puts (4.13) and the potential environmental impacts(1.3) of a product system (4.1) throughout its lifecycle (5.1)

[1s0 14040]

5.3.1life cycle inventory analysisphase of life cycle assessment (5.3) involving thecompilation and quantification of inputs (4.12) andoutputs (4. 13), for a given product system (4.1)throughout its life cycle (5,1)

[1s0 14040]

5.3.1.1life cycle inventory resultLCI resultoutcome of a life cycle inventory analysis (5.3.1)that includes flows crossing the system boundary(4.5) and provides the starting point for life cycle im-pact assessment (5.3.2)

[ISO 14042]

5.3.1.2data qualitycharacteristic of data that bears on their ability tosatisfy stated requirements

[Iso 14041]

5.3.1.3uncertainty analysissystematic procedure, to ascertain and quantify theuncertainty introduced into the results of a life cycleinventory analysis (5.3. 1),due to the cumulative ef-fects of input uncertainty and data variability

NOTE Either ranges or probability distributions areused to determine the uncertaintyin the results.

[1s0 14041]

[1s0 14040]

7

1S/1S0 14050:2002

5.3.1.4sensitivity analysissystematic procedure for estimating the effects on theoutcome of a study of the chosen methods and data

[1s0 14041]

5.3.2life cycle impact assessmentLCIAphase of life cycle assessment (5.3) aimed at un-derstanding and evaluating the magnitude and signifi-cance of the potential environmental impacts (1.3)of a product system (4.1)

[1s0 14040]

5.3.2.1impact categoryclass representing environmental issues of concerninto which LCI results (5.3.1.1) may be assigned

[ISO 14042]

5.3.2.1.1life cycle impact category indicatorquantifiable representation of an impact category(5.3.2.1)

[ISO 14042]

5.3.2.2characterization factorfactor derived from a model which is applied to con-vert LCI results (5.3.1 .1) to the common unit of thelife cycle impact category indicator (5.3.2.1 .1)

[ISO 14042]

5.3.2.3environmental mechanismsystem of physical, chemical and biological processesfor a given impact category (5.3.2.1), linking LCIresults (5.3.1 .1) to category indicators (5.3.2.1.1)and category endpoints (5.3.2.4)

[ISO 14042]

5.3.2.4category endpointattribute or aspect ofhealth or resources,issue of concern

[ISO 14042]

8

natural environment, humanidentifying an environmental

5.3.3life cycle interpretationphase of life cycle assessment (5.3) in which thefindings of either the inventory analysis or the impactassessment, or both, are combined consistent withthe defined goal and scope in order to reach conclu-sions and recommendations

[1s0 14040]

5.3.3.1consistency checkprocess of verifying that the assumptions, methodsand data are consistently applied throughout the studyand in accordance with the goal and scope definition

NOTE The consistency check should be performedbefore conclusions are reached.

[1s0 14043]

5.3.3.2sensitivity checkprocess of verifying that information obtained from asensitivity analysis (5.3. 1.4) is relevant for reachingthe conclusions and giving recommendations

[1s0 14043]

5.3.3.3completeness checkprocess of verifying whether information from the pre-ceding phases of an life cycle assessment (5.3) orlife cycle inventory analysis (5.3. 1) is suticient forreaching conclusions in accordance with the goal andscope definition

[1s0 14043]

5.3.4comparative assertionenvironmental claim regarding the superiority orequivalence of one product versus a competing prod-uct which performs the same function

[1s0 14040]

1S/1S0 14050:2002

6 Terms relating to environmentalIabelling and declarations

6.1environmental claimstatement, symbol or graphic that indicates an envi-ronmental aspect (1 .2) of a product (4.2), a compo-nent or packaging (4.2.3)

NOTE An environmental claim may be made on prod-uct or packaging labels, through product literature, technicalbulletins, advertising, publicity, telemarketing, as well asthrough digital or electronic media such as the Internet.

[ISO 14021]

6.1.1environmental labelenvironmental declarationclaim which indicates the environmental aspects(1.2) of a product (4.2) or service

[ISO 14020]

6.1.2qualified environmental claimenvironmental claim (6.1 ) which is accompanied byan explanatory statement (6.1.4) that describes thelimits of the claim

[ISO 14021]

6.1.3environmental claim verificationconfirmation of the validity of an environmental claim(6. 1) using specific predetermined criteria and proce-dures with assurance of data reliability

[ISO 14021]

6.1.4explanatory statementany explanation which is needed or given so that anenvironmental claim (6. 1) can be properly under-stood by a purchaser, potential purchaser or user ofthe product (4.2)

6.2type i environmental Iabelling programmevoluntary, multiple-criteria-based, third party pro-gramme that awards a Iicence which authorizes theuse of environmental labels (6.1.1) on products(4.2) indicating overall environmental preferability of aproduct within a particular product category (6.2.1)based on life cycle (5.1) considerations

[ISO 14024]

6.2.1product categorygroup of products (4.2) which have equivalent func-tion

[ISO 14024]

6.2.1.1fitness for purposeability of a product, process or service to serve a de-fined purpose under specific conditions

[ISO 14024]

6.2.1.2product function characteristicattribute or characteristic in the performance and useof a product (4.2)

[ISO 14024]

6.2.1.3product environmental criteriaenvironmental requirements that the product (4.2)shall meet in order to be awarded an environmentallabel (6.1.1)

[ISO 14024]

6.2.2ecolabelling bodythird party body, and its agents, which conducts atype I environmental Iabelling programme (6.2)

[ISO 14024]

[ISO 14021]

9

1S/1S0 14050:2002

6.3self-declared environmental claimenvironmental claim (6. 1) that is made, without in-dependent third-party certification, by manufacturers,importers, distributors, retailers or anyone else likelyto benefit from such a claim

[ISO 14021]

NOTE This is also called “type Ii environmental label-ing”.

6.4type Ill environmental declarationquantified environmental data for a product with pre-set categories of parameters based on the ISO 14040series of standards, but not excluding additionalenvironmental information provided with a type Illenvironmental declaration programme

[lSO/lR 14025]

6.4.1type Ill environmental declaration

programmevoluntary process by which an industrial sector or in-dependent body develops a type Ill environmental

declaration, including setting minimum requirements,selecting categories of parameters, defining the in-volvement of third parties and the format of externalcommunications

[lSO/TR 14025]

6.5upgradabilitycharacteristic of a product (4.2) that allows its mod-ules or parts to be separately upgraded or replacedwithout having to replace the entire product

[ISO 14021]

6.6material identificationwords, numbers or symbols used to designate com-position of components of a product (4.2) or packag-ing (4.2.3)

NOTE A material identification symbol is not consid-ered to be an environmental claim (6.1).

[ISO 14021]

10

1s/1s0 14050:2002

Annex A(informative)

Additional terms and definitionsfrom Technical Report

lSO/TR 14061

A.1forestgenerally considered to be a plant community of pre-dominantly trees and other woody vegetation growingtogether, its land, flora and fauna, their interrelation-ships, and the resources and values attributed to it

NOTE Forests vary greatly around the world depend-ing on the climate, soil, history and culture of the countryinvolved, Many countries have a definitionof forest includedin legislation.

A*2principles, criteria and indicatorsinternational, national and private sector initiatives,whether governmental or non-governmental, providea common hierarchical framework including “Princi-ples, criteria and indicators” for evaluating progresstowards achieving SFM

NOTE 1 In some initiatives, the principlesare consideredto be included in the criteria.

NOTE 2 For the purposes of this report, the term “Crite-ria & Indicators” is used specifically in reference to the setsof Criteria & Indicators of Sustainable Forest Managementdeveloped through the intergovernmentalprocesses.

A.3principlesfundamental rules which serve as a basis for reason-ing and action

NOTE Principles are explicit elements of a goal suchas SFM,

A.4criteriacharacteristics that are considered important and bywhich success or failure can be judged

NOTE The role of criteria is to characterize or definethe essential elements or set of conditions or processes bywhich sustainable forest management may be assessed.

A.5indicatorsquantitative, qualitative or descriptive measures thatwhen periodically evaluated and monitored show thedirection of change

[Source: Intergovernmental Seminar on Criteria andIndicators for SFM (lSCI)]

A.6sustainable developmentmeeting the needs of the present without compromis-ing the ability of future generations to meet their ownneeds

[Source: The Brundtland Report]

A.7sustainable forest managementNOTE While there is broad agreement on the conceptof SFM, there are variations in the definitions developedthrough the various national and international initiatives.Two definitionsof SFM have been included here so that theuser of this Technical Report can understand the scope ofthe concept and the ways it has been defined by peoplefrom two different regions of the world.

A.7.Isustainable forest managementSFMprocess of managing permanent forest land toachieve one or more clearly specified objectives ofmanagement with regard to the production of a con-tinuous flow of desired forest products and services,without undue reduction of its inherent values andfuture productivity and without undue undesirableeffects on the physical and social environment

[Source: International Tropical Timber Organization(11-ro)]

L7.2sustainable forest managementSFMstewardship and use of forests (A. 1) and forest landin a way and at a rate that maintains their biodiversity,productivity, degeneration capacity, vitality and theirpotential to fulfil, now and in the future, relevant eco-logical, economic and social functions, at local, na-tional and global levels and does not cause damageto other ecosystems

[Source Pan-European (Helsinki) Process]

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.-

[Source: Intergovernmental Seminar on Criteria andIndicators for SFfvl (lSCI)]

1S/1S0 14050:2002

Annex B(informative)

Additional concepts encounteredin the international environmental

community

6.1 Best Available Technique (BAT)

[1] EU Directive 96/61/EEC (September 24, 1996)concerning Integrated Pollution Preventionand Control, Article 2(1 1).

[2] OECD Council Recommendation, May 1972,Environment and Economics, Guiding princi-ples concerning international economic as-pects of environmental policies.

[3] Convention on the Protection of the MarineEnvironment of the North East Atlantic, Paris22 September 1992, Article 2, clause 3 (b) andamendment No. 1,

B.2 Critical load

[1] DOWING, R, J., HET_TELINGH,J.-P, and DE SMET,P.A.M., 1993. Calculation and Mapping CriticalLoads in Europe. Status Report 1993.

B.3 Precautionary principle

[1] ISO 14004:1996, Environmental managementsystems — General guidelines on principles,systems and supporting techniques, Annex A,principle No. 15.

[2] The Rio Declaration on Environment and De-velopment, principle No. 15.

[3] Convention on the Protection of the MarineEnvironment of the North East Atlantic. Paris,22 September 1992. Article 2, clause 2 (a).

B.4 “Polluter pays” principle

[1] ISO 14004:1996, Environments/ marragemenisystems — General guidelines on principles,systems and supporting techniques, Annex A,principle No. 16.

[2] The Rio Declaration on Environment and De-velopment, principle No. 16.

[3] Convention on the Protection of the MarineEnvironment of the North East Atiantic. Paris,22 September 1992. Article 2, clause 2 (b).

[4] The Polluter Pays Principle, OECD 1975.

B.5 Pollution

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

EU Directive 96/61/EEC (September 24, 1996)concerning Integrated Pollution Preventionand Control, Article 2(1 1).

lMO/UNESCOM/MO/lAEA/UN/UN EP JointGroup of expetts on the Scientific Aspects ofMarine Pollution (GESAMP).

Convention on the Protection of the MarineEnvironment in the North East Atlantic. Paris,22 September 1992. Atticle 1, clause (d).

Convention on the Protection of the MarineEnvironment of the Baltic Sea Area, 1992,(Helsinki Convention), Article 2, clause 1.

B.6 Sustainable development

[1] “Our Common Future”: Report published bythe World Commission on Environment andthe Development (the Brundtland Repoti).

[2] ‘Sustainable A~rica: A New Consensus forProsperity, Opportunity, and Health Environ-ment for the Future”: The President’s Councilon Sustainable Development, February 1996.

[3] Towards Sustainability: A European Pro-gramme of Policy and Action in relation to theEnvironment and Sustahable Development.EU, Vet. II, 27 March 1992.

12

1s/1s0 14050:2002

Bibliography

[1] ISO 10241:1992, International terminologystandards — Prepamtion and layout

[2] lSO/lEC Guide 2:1996, Standardization andrelated activities — General vocabulary

13

1s/1s0 14050:2002

Alphabetical index

A

allocation 4.6ancillaty input 4.12.1audit client 3.8audit conclusion 3.6audit criteria 3.3audit evidence 3.4audit finding 3.5audit team 3.9auditee 3.7

B

BAT B.1best available technique B.1

c

category endpoint 5.3.2.4category indicator 5.3.2.1.1certification 1.7characterization factor 5.3,2.2client 3,8comparative assertion 5,3.4completeness check 5.3.3.3consistency check 5.3.3.1continual improvement 2,1.4co-product 4.2.2criteria A.4critical load B.2

D

data quality 5.3,1.2

E

ECI 1.11.1.2ecolabelling body 6.2,2elementary flow 4.7, 4.8EMS 2.1energy flow 4.10environment 1.1environmental aspect 1.2environmental audit 3.1environmental auditor 3.9.1environmental claim 6.1environmental claim

verification 6.1.3environmental condition

indicator 1.11,1.2

environmental declaration 6,1.1environmental impact 1.3environmental label 6.1.1environmental management

system 2.1

environmental management systemaudit 3.1.1

environmental management systemaudit 3.1.2

environmental mechanism 5.3.2.3environmental objective 2.1.2environmental performance 1.11environmental performance 2.1.5environmental performance

criterion 1.11.1.1environmental performance

evaluation 1.11.1environmental performance

indicator 1.11.1.3environmental policy 2.1.1environmental target 2.1.3EPE 1.11.1EPI 1.11.1.3explanatory statement 6.1.4

F

feedstock energy 4.10,1final product 4.2.4fitness for purpose 6.2.1.1forest A. 1fugitive emission 4.13.1fu~ctional unit

impact categoryindicators A.5input 4.12interested party

4.4

I

5.3.2.1

1.5intermediate product 4.2.1

L

I-CA 5.3LCIA 5.3.2LCI results 5.3.1,1

lead environmental auditor 3.9.2life cycle 5.1life cycle assessment 5.3life cycle impact assessment 5.3.2life cycle impact category

indicator 5.3,2.1.1life cycle interpretation 5.3.3life cycle inventory analysis 5.3.1life cycle inventory result 5.3.1.1

M

management performanceindicator 1.11 .1.3.1

material identification 6.6MPI 1.11.1.3.1

0

operational performanceindicator 1.11.1.3.2

OPI 1.11.1.3.2organization 1.4output 4:13

P

packaging 4.2.3“polluter pays” principle B.4pollution B.5practitioner 5.2precautionary principle B.3prevention of pollution 1.8principles A.3principles, criteria and

indicators A.2process energy 4.10.2product 4.2product categoty 6.2.1product environmental

criteria 6.2.1.3product function

characteristic 6.2.1.2product system 4.1

Q

qualified environmental claim 6. ?.2

R

raw material 4.9reference flow 4.11

s

self-declared environmentalclaim 6.3

sensitivity analysis 5.3.1.4sensitivity check 5.3.3.2subjeM matter 3.2sustainable development A.6sustainable development B.6sustainable forest

management A.7sustainable forest management

(SFM) A.7.1sustainable forest management

(SFM) A.7.2system boundary 4.5

T

technical expert 3.9.3third party 1.6

14

1S/1S0 140!j0 :2002

transparency 1.10type I environmental Iabslling

programme 6.2type II environmental Iabelling 6.3type 111environmental

declaration 6.4type Ill environmental declaration

programme 6.4.1

u

uncertainty analysis 5.3.1.3unit procsss 4.3upgradability 6.5

w

waste 1.9

15

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AMENDMENT NO. 1 NOVEMBER 2005TO

IS/ISO 14050:2002 ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT — VOCABULARY

~“ “

“!.?s

( Cover page, Title ) — Insert the words ‘(First Revision)’ after‘Vocabul@ and wherever the title appears in the standard.

.?,.’,“;

( National Foreword, Para 1 ) — Insert the following as para 2 after prim 1:~,’;4

‘1S/1S0 14050 was originally published in 1999 under dual number standard.&

This revision is taken up for updating the standard in line with the publication of ~:

second edition of 1S0 14050 which replaces the first edition (1S0 14050 :1998), notably by incorporation of Draft Amendment No, 1 (ISO 14050 :1998/DAMl)

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(CHD34)

Reprography Uni~ BIS, New Delhi, India

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