Iranian Ballistic Missiles

7/27/2019 Iranian Ballistic Missiles

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FactSheet

www.AmericanSecurityProject.org 1100 New York Avenue, NW Suite 710W Washington, DC

Iranian Ballistic MissilesChris Smith and Matthew Wallin

August 2013

Background

Since the IranIraq War (19801988), the Islamic Republic o Iran has had an active ballisticmissile program.1 Since its initial eorts, Iran has progressed rom importing low endScuds and variants, to developing new missiles in partnership with North Korea and Syria,to having the technical expertise to independently build a variety o missile technologiesincluding short range and intermediate range ballistic missiles and space delivery vehicles.2

Additionally, Irans space program, supposedlya civilian agency, and the technologicaldevelopment associated with it appears to allincreasingly under the control o the GuardianCorps o the Islamic Revolution.3

Despite its long history o requiring oreignassistance or its programs, Iran is now activelypushing its missile technologies orward with itsown expertise and resources.

Irans missile programs are also accompanied by a certain amount o propaganda. For instance,Iran has a tendency to showcase technical achievements and eats that appear beyond itsability, as evidenced by episodes like the Photoshopped missile launches o 2008.4 Iranianreports on the nations missile systems also oten exaggerate capabilities such as weaponaccuracy.5 Furthermore, Iran routinely uses naming schemes that make it dicult to knowi a specic missile is new, a dierent name or the same system, or an evolutionary step orthat system.

Tis act sheet compiles inormation rom a number o open source resources, ranging romUS military reports to translated nonEnglish media, to create a useul inventory o the

ballistic missiles and space delivery vehicles that the Islamic Republic o Iran deploys and hasdeveloped.


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Notes: Tis is an export version o the Chinese HQ2 suracetoair missile, which itsel is a version othe Soviet SA2, modied or suracetosurace operations. 17 Iran imported the missiles rom China inthe 1990s.18 China provided technical assistance in regards to these missiles which was later used in thedevelopment o other Iranian missiles.19

Name: Qiam-1

Role: Short Range Ballistic MissileRange: 750km (reported by Iranian media)20Fuel/Platorm: Liquid/Roadmobile

Notes: Becoming operational in 2011, Iranian sources claim that unlike other missileprograms in which Iran had partners, the Qiam is an example o selsuciency.21 TeIranians claim the lack o exterior ns decreases the chance o the missile being interceptedby countermeasures,22 and that its design aids in radar evasion.23

Name: Naziat-10

Role: Short Range Ballistic MissileRange: 130150km24Fuel/Platorm: na/Roadmobile

Notes: Western media has not presented much inormation about this missile.Reportedly, the Iranian army has taken delivery o an improved version o this missile

with a range o 150km; up rom an earlier range o 130km.25

Name: Khalij-e Fars

Role: AntiShip Ballistic MissileRange: 300km26Fuel/Platorm: Solid/Roadmobile

Notes: Based on the Fateh110, this missile is considered to be an antiaccess andarea denial system.27 It was reported in June o this year that this system receivedimprovements to its accuracy.28 Successul use o this weapons system couldpotentially deny the U.S. Navy access to the Persian Gul region and possiblyallow Iran to control access to the Strait o Hormuz. Te Iranian military claimsthat it has an accuracy o 8.5 or less metersimproved rom the earlier versions30 meters.29 Comments made by Iran and others suggest that this missile isspecically meant to target aircrat carriers.30


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AMERICAN SECURITY PROJECT

Name: Shahab-3

Role: Intermediate Range Ballistic MissileRange: 2,000km31Fuel/Platorm: Liquid/Silo and Roadmobile

Notes: Development began in the late 1990s and the missile was deliveredto the Iranian armed orces in 2003. Te Shahab3 is believed to be amodied version o North Koreas No Dong1 missile.32

Its more recent variants were possibly developed with some assistance rom Russia and China,33 but alternanaming schemes and a lack o reliable inormation has made clear distinctions between several models dicuto point out.34 Te Shahab3A and 3B variants employ completely dierent types o reentry vehicles roeach other. Te B variant has greater accuracy but a lower payload capacity than the A variant.35 Te reenvehicle on the B variant is believed to have a rocket nozzle control system which allows or guided control at eastage o fight and or the evasion o certain types antiballistic missile systems.36 Such a system is necessary

the Shahab3 since is seems unlikely that Iran has sucient launchers to overwhelm a missile deense systewith a mass wave o Shahab3As.37 Some reports indicate that it takes 14 hours to prepare a Shahab3 missor launch, thus limiting their utility in timesensitive situations.38

Name: Ghadr-110 (Ashura)

Role: Intermediate Range Ballistic MissileRange: 1,800km39Fuel/Platorm: Liquid rst stage solid second stage/Silo and Roadmobile

Notes: An improved version o the Shahab3A with better maneuverability and a set up time o 30 minutLittle else is known or has been reported. Some sources list the Ghadr110 as also being linked to the Ashouthough it is unclear i they are the same missile system or one is an advanced design based o o the otherTere is also some disagreement as to whether the missile has 3 stages instead o 2 and i they are all solid uor not.41 Tis could be a misunderstanding or improper reporting on this missile as a new missile given Irahabit o ambiguous naming schemes when discussing them. In a recent Air Force review o internationmissile programs, this one was not listed.42 Tis could however account or a line in the report that seems list an unknown IMRB/ICBM in Irans arsenal or which no details are provided.43

Name: Sejjil 1/2/3

Role: Intermediate Range Ballistic MissileRange: 2,000km44Fuel/Platorm: Solid twostage/ Roadmobile

Notes: Meant as an eventual replacement or the Shahab3 missiles. One o its keyeatures is a solid uel system which allows or a much aster preparation and launch


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than the Shahab345 which can take up to 14 hours to ready. Tere are already three generations o this missilethat have been developed. Tere is an active debate about whether this missile was ully domestically designedand developed in Iran46 or is taking advantage o oreign assistance or technology.47 Regardless, it is assumedgiven the dierences between the Sejjil and the Shahab3, that development had some degree o oreigntechnical assistance.48 Development o a solid uel, multiple stage missile o this type has been interpreted bysome observers as evidence that Iran is reaching or has reached the point where it has the technical capacity

to develop a true ICBM.

Name: Safr SLV

Role: Single Use Satellite Launch Vehicle

Notes: Developed as a satellite launch vehicle,it is a twostage rocket that has its rst stagebased upon a modied Shahab3C.49 estingor the system began in 2007.50 In mid2008 the

program suered a possible launch ailure withthe destruction o one o the earliest versionso the Sar being tested prior to a satellitelaunch. US ocials allege that the test ailedcatastrophically with the crats destructionshortly ater launch while Iranian V continuedto show scenes indicating a successul launchor minutes aterwards; Iran denies that the testsuered any ailure.51

In February 2009, Iran used a Sar2 to successully launch the Omid satellite (a Russian rm launched Iransrst satellite in 2005).52 Iran continues to upgrade this system, producing a second generation that has alreadyproven to be much more capable in terms o payload capacity and is able to deliver payloads to much higherorbits. In 2012 and 2013 there were also three alleged ailed launches o Sars carrying Fajr spy satellitesIran has denied that any o the three launches ever occurred.53

Name: Simorgh SLV

Role: Single Use Satellite Launch Vehicle

Notes: Announced in 2010 as space delivery system thatcould deliver heavier payloads than the Sar into lowearth orbit.54 ests o its engine systems were carried out in2010 and the system will reportedly carry an experimentalcommunications satellite or its maiden voyage some timein 2013.55


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Conclusion

US intelligence estimates claiming that with sucient oreign assistance, Iran may be technically capable fight testing an ICBM by 201556 may not be overblown when one considers the rate and breadth o whIran has accomplished. It would appear that the vast majority o new Iranian ballistic missiles and associatetechnologies are now designed and produced domestically, including the major milestone o a multistage sol

uel missile. In some cases, the success rate o Irans missile technology is questionable. While Iran appeato have not yet developed an ICBM or demonstrated any technology capable o reaching the US mainlandits current capabilities should be kept in mind given the large number o US orces and bases in the region

American space assets, and allies that could come under attack.

Endnotes

1. Elleman, Michael, United States Institute o Peace, Irans Ballistic Missile Program, http://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/iraballisticmissileprogram, Accessed 8/2/2013

2. Ibid.

3. Space Re, Iran Space Program Update http://spacere.com/spacequarterlymagazine/iranspaceprogramupdate.html, DaAccessed: 7/31/13

4. Atherton, Kelsey D., Popular Science, Te 6 Most Absurd Military Hoaxes by North Korea and Iran, http://www.popsci.com

technology/gallery/201304/akingitwinmilitaryphotoshops, Date Accessed 8/5/20135. Reuters, Iran Claims it Successully est Fired Missile that could Reach Israel, http://worldnews.nbcnews.com

news/2012/07/03/12549143iranclaimsitsuccessullytestredmissilethatcouldreachisrael?lite, Date Accessed, 8/5/13

6. National Air and Space Intelligence Center , Ballistic and Cruise Missile Treat, http://www.as.org/programs/ssp/nuknuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pd, Date Accessed: 7/31/13

7. Missile Treat, Fateh A110, http://missilethreat.com/missiles/ateha110/, Date Accessed: 7/31/13
http://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/irans-ballistic-missile-programhttp://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/irans-ballistic-missile-programhttp://spaceref.com/space-quarterly-magazine/iran-space-program-update.htmlhttp://www.popsci.com/technology/gallery/2013-04/faking-it-win-military-photoshopshttp://www.popsci.com/technology/gallery/2013-04/faking-it-win-military-photoshopshttp://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/07/03/12549143-iran-claims-it-successfully-test-fired-missile-that-could-reach-israel?litehttp://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/07/03/12549143-iran-claims-it-successfully-test-fired-missile-that-could-reach-israel?litehttp://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://missilethreat.com/missiles/fateh-a-110/http://missilethreat.com/missiles/fateh-a-110/http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/07/03/12549143-iran-claims-it-successfully-test-fired-missile-that-could-reach-israel?litehttp://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/07/03/12549143-iran-claims-it-successfully-test-fired-missile-that-could-reach-israel?litehttp://www.popsci.com/technology/gallery/2013-04/faking-it-win-military-photoshopshttp://www.popsci.com/technology/gallery/2013-04/faking-it-win-military-photoshopshttp://spaceref.com/space-quarterly-magazine/iran-space-program-update.htmlhttp://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/irans-ballistic-missile-programhttp://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/irans-ballistic-missile-program


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8. Ibid.

9. Ibid.

10. National Air and Space Intelligence Center , Ballistic and Cruise Missile Treat, http://www.as.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pd, Date Accessed: 7/31/13

11. Federation o American Scientists, Weapons o Mass Destruction; WMD Around the World, SCUDB Shahab1 http://www.as.org/nuke/guide/iran/missile/shahab1.htm, Date Accessed: 7/31/13

12. Ibid.

13. Federation o American Scientists, Weapons o Mass Destruction; WMD Around the World, Shahab2 (Scud C) http://www.as.org/nuke/guide/iran/missile/shahab2.htm, Date Accessed: 7/31/13

14. Ibid.

15. Ibid.

16. National Air and Space Intelligence Center , Ballistic and Cruise Missile Treat, http://www.as.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pd, Date Accessed: 7/31/13

17. Missile Treat, M7 (CSS8/Project 8610), http://missilethreat.com/missiles/m7css8project8610/, Date Accessed:8/6/13

18. Ibid.

19. GlobalSecurity.org, DF7 / M7 / 8610 / CSS8 http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/china/m7.htm, Date Accessed:7/31/13

20. Khamenei.ir, ranslated by Microsot Bing, otal Commander visited the exhibition o scientic achievements rom thepowers and the authority o the armed orces, Deense, http://arsi.khamenei.ir/newscontent?id=12770, Date Accessed:7/31/13

21. FARS News Agency, Iran Equips IRGC with Large Numbers o Qiyam 1 Ballistic Missiles, http://english.arsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9003016225, Retrieved via the Wayback Machine: 5/22/11

22. Te elegraph, Iran Broadcasts Missile Launch on State elevision, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/7955996/Iranbroadcastsmissilelaunchonstatetelevision.html, Date Accessed: 7/31/13

23. FARS News Agency, Iran Equips IRGC with Large Numbers o Qiyam 1 Ballistic Missiles, http://english.arsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9003016225, Retrieved via the Wayback Machine: 5/22/11

24. rend, Irans army armed with new generation o ballistic missile, http://en.trend.az/news/society/2172709.html, Date Accessed: 7/31/13

25. Ibid.

26. Zachary Keck, Te Diplomat, Irans Carrier Killer Missile Improves Accuracy,http://thediplomat.com/theeditor/2013/06/22/iranscarrierkillermissileimprovesaccuracy/Date Accessed: 7/31/13

27. Ibid.

28. Ibid.

29. Ibid.

30. Ibid.

31. National Air and Space Intelligence Center , Balistic and Cruise Missile Treat, http://www.as.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pd, Date Accessed: 7/31/13

32. Missile Treat, Shahab 3, http://missilethreat.com/missiles/shahab3/, Date Accessed: 7/31/13
http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iran/missile/shahab-1.htmhttp://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iran/missile/shahab-1.htmhttp://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iran/missile/shahab-2.htmhttp://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iran/missile/shahab-2.htmhttp://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://missilethreat.com/missiles/m-7-css-8project-8610/http://farsi.khamenei.ir/news-content?id=12770http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9003016225http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9003016225http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/7955996/Iran-broadcasts-missile-launch-on-state-television.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/7955996/Iran-broadcasts-missile-launch-on-state-television.htmlhttp://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9003016225http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9003016225http://thediplomat.com/the-editor/2013/06/22/irans-carrier-killer-missile-improves-accuracy/http://thediplomat.com/the-editor/2013/06/22/irans-carrier-killer-missile-improves-accuracy/http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://missilethreat.com/missiles/shahab-3/http://missilethreat.com/missiles/shahab-3/http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://thediplomat.com/the-editor/2013/06/22/irans-carrier-killer-missile-improves-accuracy/http://thediplomat.com/the-editor/2013/06/22/irans-carrier-killer-missile-improves-accuracy/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9003016225http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9003016225http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/7955996/Iran-broadcasts-missile-launch-on-state-television.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/7955996/Iran-broadcasts-missile-launch-on-state-television.htmlhttp://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9003016225http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9003016225http://farsi.khamenei.ir/news-content?id=12770http://missilethreat.com/missiles/m-7-css-8project-8610/http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iran/missile/shahab-2.htmhttp://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iran/missile/shahab-2.htmhttp://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iran/missile/shahab-1.htmhttp://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iran/missile/shahab-1.htmhttp://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pdf


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33. Federation o American Scientists, Shahab3 / Zelzal3 http://www.as.org/programs/ssp/man/militarysumolder/shahabhtml Date Accessed: 8/6/13

34. Missile Treat, Shahab 3 Variants, http://missilethreat.com/missiles/shahab3variants/, Accessed 8/6/2013

35. Pedro B. D. & om Cooper, ACIG Journal: ARABIAN PENINSULA& PERSIAN GULF DAABASE, Shahab 3: an Avanced IRBM http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_396.shtml, Date Accessed: 7/31/13

36. Ibid.

37. National Air and Space Intelligence Center , Ballistic and Cruise Missile Treat, http://www.as.org/programs/ssp/nuknuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pd, Date Accessed: 7/31/13pd

38. World ribune, China supplied the technology or Irans rst soliduel missile http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribuWARC/2007/me_iran_12_14.asp, Date Accessed: 7/31/13

39. Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, Iranian President Dees West At Military Parade http://www.rerl.org/content/acle/1078757.html, Date Accessed: 7/31/13

40. GlobalSecurity.org, Ashura/Ghadr110A http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/iran/ashura.htm, Date Accessed: 7/31/

41. Ibid.

42. National Air and Space Intelligence Center , Ballistic and Cruise Missile Treat, http://www.as.org/programs/ssp/nuknuclearweapons/NASIC2013_050813.pd, Date Accessed: 7/31/13

43. Ibid.

44. Ibid.

45. GlobalSecurity.org, Sejjil, http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/iran/sajjil.htm, Date Accessed: 7/31/13

46. Crail, Peter, Arms Control Association, Progress Seen in Iranian Missile est, http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_6/IrMissile Date Accessed: 8/6/13

47. Missile Treat, SEJIL 1/2/3, HP://MISSILEHREA.COM/MISSILES/SEJIL-123/ , Date Accessed: 7/31/13

48. Ibid.

49. Crail, Peter, Arms Control Association, Iran Space Launch Raises Concerns, http://www.armscontrol.org/print/3314

50. Ibid.

51. Randall Mikkelsen, Reuters, Iran satellite launch a ailure, U.S. ocials say http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/08/19/iransatelliteusaidUSN1927773920080819, Date Accessed: 8/1/13

52. Space Re, Iran Space Program Update http://spacere.com/spacequarterlymagazine/iranspaceprogramupdate.html, DAccessed: 7/31/13

53. Hansen, Nick (October 1, 2012). Rocket science Irans rocket programme. Janes Intelligence Review 24 (10). |accessdatrequires |url= (help)

54. Press V, Iran unveils new satellites, carrier, http://edition.presstv.ir/detail/117733.html, Date Accessed: 8/1/13

55. rend, Iran to launch oneton satellites into spacehttp://en.trend.az/regions/iran/1997780.html, Date Accessed: 8/1/13

56. Department o Deense, Annual Report on Military Power o Iran, April 2012, http://www.as.org/man/eprint/dodiran.pAccessed 8/5/13
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Senator Hart served the State of Colorado in the

U.S. Senate and was a member of the Committee

on Armed Services during his tenure.

Brigadier General Stephen A. Cheney, USMC (Ret.)

Brigadier General Cheney is the Chief Executive

Norman R. Augustine

Mr. Augustine was Chairman and Principal

years and Chairman of the Council of the

National Academy of Engineering.

Lieutenant General Daniel Christman, USA (Ret.)

Lieutenant General Christman is Senior Vice

States Chamber of Commerce.

Lieutenant General John Castellaw, USMC (Ret.)

John Castellaw is President of the Crockett Policy

Institute (CPI), a non-partisan policy and research

organization headquartered in Tennessee.

Nelson W. Cunningham

Nelson Cunningham is President of

McLarty Associates.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Lee Cullum

Lee Cullum, at one time a commentator on the

on NPR, currently contributes to the DallasMorning News and hosts CEO.

Admiral William Fallon, USN (Ret.)

Admiral Fallon has led U.S. and Allied forces and

played a leadership role in military and diplomatic

matters at the highest levels of the U.S. government.

Raj Fernando

Raj Fernando is CEO and founder of

Chopper Trading, a technology based trading

Vice Admiral Lee Gunn, USN (Ret.)

Vice Admiral Gunn is the President of the

Institute of Public Research at the CNA

General Lester L. Lyles, USAF (Ret.)

General Lyles retired from the United States Air Force

after a distinguished 35 year career. He is presently

Chairman of USAA, a member of the Defense

Science Board, and a member of the Presidents

Intelligence Advisory Board.

Lieutenant General Claudia Kennedy, USA (Ret.)

to achieve the rank of three-star general in the

United States Army.

Dennis Mehiel

Dennis Mehiel is the Principal Shareholder

and Chairman of U.S. Corrugated, Inc.

Ed Reilly

Edward Reilly is CEO of Americas of FD

International Limited, a leading global

communications consultancy that is part of FTI

Consulting, Inc.

Governor Christine Todd Whitman

Christine Todd Whitman is the President of the

specializes in energy and environmental issues.


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21st century.

Gone are the days when a nations strength could be measured by bombers

and battleships. Security in this new era requires a New American Arsenal

harnessing all o Americas strengths: the orce o our diplomacy; the might o

our military; the vigor o our economy; and the power o our ideals.

We believe that America must lead other nations in the pursuit o our

common goals and shared security. We must conront international

challenges with all the tools at our disposal. We must address emerging

problems beore they become security crises. And to do this, we must orge a

new bipartisan consensus at home.

ASP brings together prominent American leaders, current and ormer

members o Congress, retired military ocers, and ormer government

ocials. Sta direct research on a broad range o issues and engages and

empowers the American public by taking its fndings directly to them.

We live in a time when the threats to our security are as complex and diverse

as terrorism, the spread o weapons o mass destruction, climate change,ailed and ailing states, disease, and pandemics. Te same-old solutions

and partisan bickering wont do. America needs an honest dialogue about

security that is as robust as it is realistic.

ASP exists to promote that dialogue, to orge consensus, and to spur

constructive action so that America meets the challenges to its security while

seizing the opportunities the new century oers.

www.americansecurityproject.org

Documents

Iranian Ballistic Missiles