IPM Blight 2.0 : using pathogen population information

to improve late blight control

D. Andrivon project coordinator

on behalf of all project partners

Phytophthora infestans on potato

• A destructive… – Strong defoliation – Fast epidemics – Over 900 M€ annual cost in

Europe • … and re-emerging pathogen

Oospores

Genotype diversity and distribution in Europe

2013-2014

Rapid changes in clones

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2001-02 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011-12 2013 2014

n = 109 255 268 239 195 89 100 36 53 409 376

EU_1_A1

EU_2_A1

EU_5_A1

EU_6_A1

EU_8_A1

EU_3_A2

EU_13_A2

EU_35_A2

autres MLG

MLG_6 / A1

MLG_13/A1

MLG_8 / A2

Clone diversity: between and within

Problem 1: Genotypes may not predict phenotypes

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

R2 R5 R6 R8 R9

% virulent isolates

Resistance genes

EU_13_A2

EU_6_A1

Understanding population changes

2

3

4

5

6

7

10°C 14°C 18°C 24°C

Lesion growth rate cm2/ / jour

6_A1n = 913_A2n = 8

A

***

***

0

10

20

30

40

50

10°C 14°C 18°C 24°C

Spores x104

/ lesion 6_A1 n= 913_A2n = 8

B

***

***

***

**

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

5,5

10°C 14°C 18°C 24°C

Sporanges mm2

6_A1n = 9

13_A2n = 8

C

**

*

4

4,2

4,4

4,6

4,8

13_A2; n = 75 6_A1; n = 65

Sporanges mm2

15°C (8h) / 18°C (16h) D

Problem 2: All clones do not respond equally to climate

Understanding population changes

Autres

1_A1

13_A2

2_A1

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2006 2007 2008Le

sion

size

Spor

ulat

ion

One good news: the nastiest ones do not (always) win

Open issues • We can quite accurately describe and explain past

changes… • … and we can follow current evolutions…

• But:

– we still have a hard time predicting future changes • > when will the next change occur? • > who is going to be the next invader? • > What are the key traits behind invasive success and/or

lasting presence in populations?

– Population data are ignored in current DSS

The needs – EuroBlight Statement – 2015, Brasov

Recommendations: Monitoring of the meta population of P. infestans in Europe and beyond Linking genotypes to phenotypes EuroBlight engages in the development and improvement of DSS adapted to IPM2.0 Fostering international collaboration

WP 1 – sampling and genotyping P. infestans populations

WP 2 – phenotyping P. infestans

WP 3 – developing improved LB DSS – IPM 2.0

WP

0 –

coor

dina

ting

and

diss

emin

atin

g IP

MBl

ight

2.0

Isolate sampling & Reference isolate collections

Aggregated data on individual isolates

Virulence

Data management and analytic tools (e.g. poppr)

New DSS simulation models/ modules

Papers and conference presentations

Website

Potato Late Blight Toolbox

Genetic (SSR) fingerprints

Advi

sory

Boa

rd

Existing DSS improved and tested

Fungicide resistance testing

Stakeholder interaction

An answer : IPMBlight2.0 IPM2.0 for sustainable control of potato late blight - exploiting pathogen population data for optimized Decisions Support Systems

Field trap nurseries

Aggressiveness

IPMBlight 2.0 – partners

NAES

IPMBlight 2.0 – deliverables and communication

• New knowledge • Population structures

Population phenotypes and variability Phenotype x genotype connections

• Methods and protocols

• Operational tools • New/improved open DSS modules • Network of reference labs for efficient

epidemiovigilance (connected to Euroblight)

WP 1 – sampling and genotyping P. infestans populations

WP 2 – phenotyping P. infestans

WP 3 – developing improved LB DSS – IPM 2.0

WP

0 –

coor

dina

ting

and

diss

emin

atin

g IP

MBl

ight

2.0

Isolate sampling & Reference isolate collections

Aggregated data on individual isolates

Agressiveness

Data management and analytic tools (e.g. poppr)

New DSS simulation models/ modules

Papers and conference presentations

Website

Potato Late Blight Toolbox

Genetic (SSR) fingerprints

Advi

sory

Boa

rd

Existing DSS improved and tested

Fungicide resistance

Stakeholder interaction

What have we done already?

Kick Off meeting, Paris, 04.2016

Contracts signed

Web meeting room

Project announced

2016 isolates genotyped

2016 collection established

R set OK

Test methods agreed

DSS modules inventory

Data upload started

Outlines for 3 papers drafted

Presentations prepared for Euroblight 2017 workshop

Advisory Board appointed

Trap nurseries established

Phenotyping 2016 collection underway

Submodels in MatLab

Virulence Field trap nurseries

First achievements

• Population structures > emergence of 36_A2, 37_A2 and 38_A1

• Talk D Cooke • Poster R Corbière et al

• Pathogen phenotypes

• Fungicide sensitivity • Talk Britt Puidet et al

• Agressiveness

‘Hunting the new’ : First hints on 37_A2 aggressiveness

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Lesion size (mm2)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Spores per mL - FR/UK

350360370380390400410420430

Sporangia size (µm2)

Early conclusions...

• ‘Hunting the new’ ... • Infrastructures • Fast reaction value of an EU wide ( and global) epidemiovigilance scheme

• ... knowing the old

• Large subclonal variation • Genotypes alone do not predict everything right

• Network strength

• Population surveys • Sampling • Databases

• Complementary expertises • Protocols

... and questions still pending

• From population knowledge to improved control?

• Proof of concept still to be made • Integration in DSS underway

• Faster phenotyping?

• Is important • How to do it best?

• How much will global change jeopardize LB control? • Better characterisation of climate response needed • Will cultivars select as much/more than did fungicides • One world, one health

• Time to get LB research global?