IOM Displacement Reports: Three Years of Post-Samarra ... · Al-Rifa'i Makhmur Al-Suwaira Al-Hai Fao Hamza Kerbala Ali Al-Gharbi Dokan Chamchamal Al-Hawiga Zakho Al-Maimouna Sumel

I . P O P U L A T I O N D I S P L A C E M E N T A N D R E T U R N I N I R A Q

Three years after a severe wave of sectarian violence began, returns are increasing and new displacement is rare. Iraqis look to rebuilding their lives facing an uncertain security future. On 22 February 2006, the bombing of the Al-Askari Mosque in Samarra triggered escalating sectarian violence that drastically changed the cause and scale of displacement in Iraq, both to locations inside Iraq and to locations abroad. Since February 2006, more than 1,600,0001 Iraqis (270,000 families) have been displaced - approximately 5.5% of the total population. Of these 270,000 families, IOM monitoring teams have identified and assessed 209,402 (an estimated 1,256,412 individuals), or 80% of the total post-Samarra displacement population.2 These assessments, illustrated in this report, reveal the demographic composition and geographic journeys of the IDP populations remaining in displacement, as well as detail the overwhelming needs for basics such as adequate shelter, sufficient food, clean water, and access to employment. Even as security appears to improve and displacement slows, Iraqi IDPs face threats of eviction and live in precarious environments, with the possibility of violence still a present worry. IOM’s assessments of IDP families’ intentions reveal that many wish to return home and may do so if conditions permit, especially that of security. Others wish to begin new lives in their places of displacement or other locations. These families need assistance to implement these choices successfully. Of the assessed IDP population, there are about 130,000 families who have indicated

they would return to their original locations, while about 45,000 families would like to be integrated into their current locations of displacement. In addition, about 35,000 families would like to resettle in a third location. Currently 49,4323 returnee families (an estimated 296,592 individuals) have been identified across the country by IOM returnee field monitors. They too, face harsh living conditions, destroyed property and infrastructure, and loss of former livelihoods. IOM and other humanitarian organizations are working to assist IDP and returnee families, but the response remains inadequately funded in proportion to the many and diverse needs across Iraq.

1 As per figures from the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) for the three northern governorates and the Iraqi Ministry of Displacment and Migration (MoDM) for the 15 central and southern governorates. See the IDP Working Group Internally Displaced Persons in Iraq Update (September 2008) for figures per governorate. 2 For information on IOM’s monitoring methodology, see “IOM Monitoring Needs Assessments Methodology” available at www.iom-iraq.net/library.html#IDP 3 The number of returnee families presented in this report is not the total number of returnees in Iraq, but the summary number of returnee families for locations (villages and neighborhoods) for which the returnee monitoring teams managed to collect data through particular sources as of the reporting date. These figures do not include displacement in Dahuk, Erbil, and Sulaymaniyah.

I O M E M E R G E N C Y N E E D S A S S E S S M E N T S F E B R U A R Y 2 2 , 2 0 0 9 : T H R E E Y E A R S O F P O S T - S A M A R R A D I S P L A C E M E N T I N I R A Q

I N S I D E : Displacement/

Return Summary

Post February 2006 Profile with Numbers, Identities, Locations, Origins

Return potentials

Humanitarian Needs & Response

A family among 200 IDP families who received return transport assistance from IOM, returning from Qadissiya to Baghdad.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION

2

DISPLACEMENT: New displacements have stopped, but the total number of families living in displacement remains high. The number of families being displaced every month was highest in 2006, when an average of 14,152 families was displaced every month. This extreme rate continued in the first half of 2007, when 8,033 families was displaced monthly. In 2008, 378 families were being displaced per month:

Number of Familes Displaced Per Month

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

Mar

-06

Apr

-06

May

-06

Jun-

06

Jul-0

6

Aug

-06

Sep-

06

Oct

-06

Nov

-06

Dec

-06

Jan-

07

Feb-

07

Mar

-07

Apr

-07

May

-07

Jun-

07

Jul-0

7

Aug

-07

Sep-

07

Oct

-07

Nov

-07

Dec

-07

Jan-

08

Feb-

08

Mar

-08

Apr

-08

May

-08

Jun-

08

Jul-0

8

Aug

-08

Sep-

08

Oct

-08

Nov

-08

Dec

-08

Month of Displacement

Fam

ilies

Cumulative Number of IDP Families

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

Mar

-06

Apr

-06

May

-06

Jun-

06

Jul-0

6

Aug

-06

Sep-

06

Oct

-06

Nov

-06

Dec

-06

Jan-

07

Feb-

07

Mar

-07

Apr

-07

May

-07

Jun-

07

Jul-0

7

Aug

-07

Sep-

07

Oct

-07

Nov

-07

Dec

-07

Jan-

08

Feb-

08

Mar

-08

Apr

-08

May

-08

Jun-

08

Jul-0

8

Aug

-08

Sep-

08

Oct

-08

Nov

-08

Dec

-08

Month of Displacement

Fam

ilies

Most of the post-Samarra displacement took place in 2006 (70%) and the first half of 2007, and new displacements are rare in Iraq today. Yet the number of IDPs in the country remains large (270,000 families), a serious concern for the future of Iraq.

Period

Average number of

displaced per month

Percent of total IDP population displaced in the

period 2006 14,152 70.3%

Jan-Jun 2007 8,033 23.0%Jul - Sep 2007 2,269 3.3%

Oct - Dec 2007 866 1.2%2008 378 2.2% Year of Displacement

200670%

200728%

20082%


3

RETURN: As returns increase, returnees need assistance to reintegrate and rebuild. After the peak of displacement in 2006, IDP returns were first recorded in April 2007 in Mada’in, Abu Ghraib, and Taji districts of Baghdad. Throughout the second half of 2007 and all of 2008, returns increased significantly in Baghdad city, notably Karkh and Al Resafa districts. IOM monitoring teams have recorded a total of 31,521 returnee families in Baghdad governorate. In addition, late 2007 and all of 2008 saw significant returns in Anbar and Diyala governorates. Currently 49,432 returnee families (an estimated 296,592 individuals) have been identified across the country by IOM returnee field monitors, distributed according to the following chart. See also the detailed map in Annex 3.

Returnee Families per Governorate1,269

493

626

627

1,536

4,542

8,818

31,521

Other

Basrah

Missan

Kirkuk

Ninewa

Anbar

Diyala

Baghdad

The majority of returns (69%) occur from within the same governorate. A smaller but notable percentage (20%) have returned from other governorates, and only 11% of returnees have come back from outside the country. These families are mainly returns from Syria to Anbar and Baghdad. IOM returnee field monitors have conducted in-depth interviews with nearly 3000 returnee families, of which half returned in 2007 and half returned in 2008. When the IDPs were asked about reasons for return, 36% quoted improved security in the area, while another 36% noted a combination of difficult conditions in the place of displacement and improved security as chief motivations for return. According to IOM interviews, more than half of returnee families stated priority humanitarian concerns as food, fuel and other non-food items. Health care, legal help, access to clean water, and access to employment were listed as priority needs by more than 40% of interviewed families.

Returnee Needs (each as percent of total)0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Food

Fuel

NFI

Health

Legal help

Water

Access to work

Hygiene

Sanitation

Shelter

Education


4

I I . P O S T F E B R U A R Y 2 0 0 6 I D P P O P U L A T I O N P R O F I L E

• The vast majority of post-Samarra IDP families are from Baghdad, Diyala, and

Ninewa governorates, which saw some of the worst post-Samarra sectarian violence. • Most of these families are displaced within their home governorates. • The majority of post-Samarra IDP families wish to return to their places of origin,

while IDPs in the south mainly intend to integrate into the place of displacement. • The post-Samarra IDP population shows some specific trends with regard to ethnic

and religious identity on the governorate level. IDP Locations in Iraq While IDPs have fled to every governorate in Iraq, the largest group of IDP families is currently in Baghdad, where 34% of all IDPs (90,731 families) are currently living. Diyala (22,784), Ninewa (19,100) and Dahuk (18,732) also host significant IDP family populations, according to Ministry of Displacement and Migration (MoDM) figures below4. See also the detailed map in Annex 2.

Governorate IDP Families % Anbar 9,179 3% Kirkuk 7,911 3% Salah Al Din 7,790 3% Thi-Qar 7,066 3% Missan 6,792 2% Basrah 5,989 2% Qadissia 3,858 1% Muthana 2,457 1% Anbar 9,179 3%

IDP Governorates of Origin According to IOM displacement monitoring, almost 90% of post-Samarra IDPs are from Baghdad(64%), Diyala (19%), and Ninewa( 6%):

Origin of IDPs

0.9%

1.7%

1.8%

2.6%

3.2%

6.0%

19.0% 64.3%

0.5%Other

Babylon

Basrah

Kirkuk

Anbar

Salah al-Din

Ninewa

Diyala

Baghdad

4 Chart shows distribution of 264,719 IDP families displaced since February 2006, according to MoDM and KRG/DDM registration.

Governorate IDP Families % Iraq 273,243 100% Baghdad 90,731 33% Diala 22,784 8% Ninewa 19,100 7% Duhok 18,706 7% Sulaymaniyah 14,585 5% Babylon 12,677 5% Wassit 12,306 5% Karbala 10,921 4% Erbil 10,304 4%


5

Origin of IDPs According to Displacement Location According to IOM monitoring, 83% of all IDPs in Baghdad and Diyala have been displaced within their home governorates. This percentage is also significant in Ninewa (43%), Kirkuk (19%), and Anbar (12%). All other governorates are hosting IDPs originating from a different governorate:

Origin of IDPs by Current Location

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Anb

ar

Bab

ylon

Bag

hdad

Bas

rah

Dah

uk

Diy

ala

Erbi

l

Ker

bala

Mis

san

Mut

hann

a

Naj

af

Nin

ewa

Qad

issi

ya

Sala

h al

-Din

Sula

yman

iyah

Kirk

uk

Thi-Q

ar

Was

sit

From Same Governorate From Other Governorate

IDP Locations 2006 - 2009

Al-Rutba Najaf AmaraAfaqDiwaniya

Al-Salman

Ana

Hatra

Baiji

Heet

Kut

Al-Ka'im

Al-Ba'aj

Ramadi

Al-Zubair

Sinjar

Baladrooz

Mosul

Badra

Kifri

Telafar

Tikrit

Haditha

Falluja

Erbil

Akre

Kirkuk

Tooz

Balad

Khanaqin

Soran

Al-Daur

Daquq

Samarra

Nassriya

Kalar

Amedi

Al-Rifa'i

Makhmur

Al-Suwaira

Al-Hai

Fao

Hamza

KerbalaAli Al-Gharbi

Dokan

Chamchamal

Al-Hawiga

Zakho

Al-Maimouna

Sumel

Al-Qurna

Koisnjaq

Al-Mahawil

Al-Shatra

Al-Khidhir

Tilkaif

Halabja

Pshdar

Sharbazher

Shaqlawa

Mada'in

Sulaymaniya

Mergasur

Al-Chibayish

Al-Rumaitha

Dahuk

Basrah

Hashimiya

Rania

Al-Khalis

Al-Shirqat

Penjwin

Al-Hamdaniya

Al-Midaina

Ain Al-Tamur

Al-Kahla

Kufa

Mahmoudiya

Suq Al-Shoyokh

Al-Na'maniyaHilla

Choman

Shatt Al-Arab

Al-Muqdadiya

Qal'at Saleh

Shekhan

Karkh

Taji

Al-Hindiya

Al-Samawa

Abu Al-Khaseeb

TarmiaBa'quba

Al-Musayab

Al-Mejar Al-Kabi

Al-Shamiya

Al-Shikhan

Abu Ghraib

Al-Manathera

Darbandihkan

Al ResafaIstiqlal

A n b a rA n b a r

N i n e w aN i n e w a

N a j a fN a j a f

M u t h a n n aM u t h a n n a

E r b i lE r b i l

W a s s i tW a s s i t

B a s r a hB a s r a h

M i s s a nM i s s a n

T h i - Q a rT h i - Q a r

D i y a l aD i y a l a

S a l a h a l - D i nS a l a h a l - D i n

K i r k u kK i r k u kS u l a y m a n i y a hS u l a y m a n i y a h

D a h u kD a h u k

Q a d i s s i y aQ a d i s s i y a

B a b y l o nB a b y l o nK e r b a l aK e r b a l a

B a g h d a dB a g h d a d

LegendIDP Locations by # of Families

1 - 99.

99 - 499

499 - 999

999 - 2999

2999 - 5000

IDP Families per Governorate3000 - 4999

5000 - 9999

10000 - 14999

15000 - 19999

60000 - 90000

Governorate Boundary


6

Ethnicity and Religion According to Current Location According to IOM figures, 57% of IDPs are Arab Shia Muslims. 31% are Arab Sunni Muslim, 5% are Christian, 4% are Kurd Sunni Muslim, and 3% belong to other groups.

Ethnicity and Religion by Current Location of IDPs

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%A

nbar

Bab

ylon

Bag

hdad

Bas

rah

Dah

uk

Diy

ala

Erbi

l

Ker

bala

Mis

san

Mut

hann

a

Naj

af

Nin

ewa

Qad

issi

ya

Sala

h al

-Din

Sula

yman

iyah

Kirk

uk

Thi-Q

ar

Was

sit

Undefined

Christian

Kurd-Sunni Muslim

Kurd-Shia Muslim

Arab-Sunni Muslim

Arab-Shia Muslim

There are notable trends in the ethnic composition of IDPs on the governorate level. For example, all IDPs residing in Anbar are Sunni Muslims, yet 60% of those IDPs who fled from their homes in Anbar are Shia Muslims. Similarly, the majority of IDPs that fled their homes in Basrah are Sunni Muslims, yet IDPs currently residing in Basrah are Shia Muslims, predominantly from Baghdad. Aside from Basrah, other governorates in the center and south of Iraq, such as Kerbala, Missan, Muthanna, Najaf, Thi Qar, and Wassit, do not have any IDP families who originate from the same governorate. Rather, these governorates are recipients of thousands of families who fled from Baghdad and Diyala. All of these IDP families are Shia Muslims. IDPs in Ninewa mostly fall into two groups. Approximately half are from Baghdad, while the other half are from within the government, mainly along disputed border areas.

Ethnicity and Religion by Origin of IDPs

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Anb

ar

Bab

ylon

Bag

hdad

Bas

rah

Diy

ala

Nin

ewa

Sala

h al

-Din

Kirk

uk

Oth

er

Undefined

Christian

Kurd-Sunni Muslim

Kurd-Shia Muslim

Arab-Sunni Muslim

Arab-Shia Muslim


7

IDP Intentions, Potential Return and Local Integration 61% of all post-Samarra IDPs would like to return to their places of origin, while another 39% do not wish to do so. Of these, 22% would like to remain and integrate into the current place of displacement, and 17% would like to resettle in a third location. These intentions vary significantly by region within Iraq. As seen in the chart below, the southern governorates of Basrah (84%), Wassit (69%), Thi Qar (60%) and Qadissiya (46%) have disproportionately high numbers of IDPs who wish to stay and integrate, while very few wish to return. Intention to return to place of origin is very high in Baghdad (80%) and Diyala (83%), but it is important to understand that most of these IDPs originate from the same governorate and have moved from one settlement to another within the same governorate. In addition, high numbers of IDPs wish to return home in Najaf (95%) and Anbar (83%). Most of these families originate from Baghdad. Most IDPs in Kirkuk (77%) also wish to return. Most of these originate from other governorates, specifically Baghdad, Diyala, Salah al-Din, and Ninewa.

I I I . I D P A N D R E T U R N E E H U M A N I T A R I A N A S S E S S M E N T

Security and basic needs continue to be serious concerns for both IDP and returnee

families across Iraq. While security has improved significantly since the height of displacement in 2006,

some IDPs still feel unsafe to return to their homes. Access to food, shelter, and employment remain priority needs for vulnerable IDP

families across Iraq, and many cannot access the property they left behind. IDP registration has almost completely stopped, while returnee registration is

ongoing yet much lower than the current number of identified returnee families. More in-depth information and data are available at http://www.iom-iraq.net/idp.html. IOM’s recently released December 2008 Governorate Profiles contain detailed area-specific analysis and comparisons on displacement and return throughout Iraq.

IDP Intentions

Resettle17%

Integrate22%Return

61%

IDP Intentions

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Iraq

Anb

ar

Bab

ylon

Bag

hdad

Bas

rah

Dah

uk

Diy

ala

Erbi

l

Ker

bala

Mis

san

Mut

hann

a

Naj

af

Nin

ewa

Qad

issi

ya

Sala

h al

-Din

Sula

yman

iyah

Kirk

uk

Thi-Q

ar

Was

sit

Waiting on one orseveral factors tomake a decision

Return to their placeof origin

Resettle in a thirdlocation

Locally integrate inthe current location


8

Security/Protection Since the initial eruption of severe sectarian violence in 2006, security appears to have significantly improved in Iraq, culminating in relatively uneventful January 31 provincial elections in 14 of 18 governorates. Indeed, many returnee families surveyed by IOM displacement monitors cited improved security as a reason for return. However, security still remains of paramount concern to IDPs and others across the country. In October of 2008 a relatively small and stable rate of displacement was broken when almost 2000 Christian families were displaced from Ninewa governorate due to sectarian-motivated threats and violence. Those who return are still sometimes targeted, and other IDP families do not feel safe enough to return at all. Evictions remain a protection concern throughout the country, as many IDP families squatting on government or private property are told to leave these shelters. This is occurring in particular in Baghdad, in accordance with Prime Minister Order 101, which permits evictions to facilitate returns. Some of the evicted families were already IDPs. While Order 101 offsets the cost of rent by providing a subsidy to returnee families, not all evicted IDP families have received this assistance. The Government of Iraq (GoI) has however delayed evictions, preferring that this be effected after the local elections at the end of January 2009. There are also policies being discussed to build houses for the squatters. IDP and Returnee Registration MoDM is currently registering returnee families who are eligible to receive the 1,000,000 Iraqi Dinar (IQD) ($870 USD) stipend in accordance with government order 262. As of January 2009, they had processed 12,969 returnee families, most of whom (9100) were registered through the MoDM returnee centers in Baghdad. 3096 were processed in the Diyala MoDM branch office, and 552 were in Anbar, while the remaining 221 were in other governorates. The MoDM returnee registration process has captured approximately 26% of the total number of identified returnee families. While some families do not meet all of the specifications necessary to receive the grants, the high number of applicants has also created a registration backlog. IDP registration has currently stopped in the majority of governorates across Iraq. This is due to both lack of new displacements and the current focus on return, integration, and reintegration for IDP families. Shelter IOM assessments reveal that shelter is consistently one of the highest-priority needs reported by IDPs, followed by employment and food. Although the majority (59%) of IDPs assessed by IOM are renting, their finances are dwindling as time passes and rent prices rise. A sizeable minority (18%) is living with host families or friends in crowded conditions, an added burden on households already struggling to provide for themselves. Another 22% live in collective settlements, public buildings, or other makeshift housing. IDPs

Living Arrangements of Assessed IDPs

59%18%

22%1% Rented housing

With host family or relatives

Collective settlements, publicbuildings, or makeshift shelters

Tent or former military camp


9

living in settlements or public buildings often may be at risk of eviction by local authorities or private owners. Less than 1% lives in tent camps. IDPs view camps as an absolute last resort, due to cultural sensitivities and camps’ lack of basic services and harsh living conditions. Substandard shelter and a lack of basic services such as clean water, sanitation, and electricity are a major factor in the IDP humanitarian crisis. IDPs who are renting do not necessarily have access to these services. IDPs living in tents, public buildings, or makeshift shelters in collective settlements are particularly vulnerable and usually have additional urgent needs in other sectors such as food, health, water, and sanitation. The MoDM has included in the “National Policy of Return” an aspect of the returnees’ right to repossess their property without any encumbrances. Food/Public Distribution System (PDS) Much of the Iraqi population depends upon the government’s PDS food rations, and vulnerable IDP families are particularly in need of this monthly support. However, across the country 19% of post-Samarra IDPs still do not have any access to PDS rations, and another 44% have only periodic access. Lack of access is particularly high in the three northern governorates, as well as in Basrah and Kirkuk. These IDP families are mostly inter-governorate, having fled from a different governorate. Periodic access is higher in governorates such as Baghdad, Diyala, and Ninewa, where displacement is mostly within the same governorate.

Access to Food (PDS)

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Iraq

Anb

ar

Bab

ylon

Bag

hdad

Bas

rah

Dah

uk

Diy

ala

Erbi

l

Ker

bala

Mis

san

Mut

hann

a

Naj

af

Nin

ewa

Qad

issi

ya

Sala

h al

-Din

Sula

yman

iyah

Tam

eem

Thi-Q

ar

Was

sit

Yes Always

Sometimes

Never

Health Care Access to health care remains a serious concern for IDPs across Iraq because of their frequently precarious living situations without access to potable water, protection from the elements, or sewage disposal. While 86% of IDPs nationwide report access to health care, this does not ensure that the health care is good quality, nor that the health care facilities have the necessary qualified Access to Health

Yes86%

No14%


10

staff, medicine, and equipment. Health care services in Iraq have deteriorated greatly due to the exodus of qualified professionals, a severe shortage of medication and equipment, and damage to medical facilities. Access to Property

As assistance for restoring lives and livelihoods of IDPs and returnees in Iraq progresses, one of the major issues will continue to be resolution of property matters. Currently according to IOM displacement monitoring, only 16% of post-Samarra IDPs have access to the property they left behind. Another 43% do not have any access, primarily because the property is occupied or destroyed. 38% of surveyed IDPs have not been able to find out the status of their property, often for security reasons.

Priority Needs When asked about their most pressing needs, post-Samarra IDPs overwhelmingly name food (81%), shelter (82%), and access to work (85%). Health, water, legal help, and other needs are also chief concerns:

Needs of IDPs (each as percent of total)

23%19%

82%

6%17%2%16%

81%

5%

85%

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Acc

ess t

oW

ork

Educ

atio

n

Food

Hea

lth

Hyg

iene

Lega

lH

elp

Sani

tatio

n

Shel

ter

Wat

er

Oth

er

I V . I O M H U M A N I T A R I A N R E S P O N S E

• From training of traditional birth attendants, to emergency distribution responses for displacement crises such as Sadr City, to Kurdish language training for Arabs displaced to the north, to distribution of wheelchairs, IOM continues to find creative, cross-sectoral solutions for assistance to displaced populations and vulnerable host communities in Iraq. (See also the detailed map in Annex 1.)

• Recently IOM has provided transport, emergency NFI kits, and in-kind grants for business generation to returnee families returning to Baghdad and Diyala.

• Since 2006 IOM has completed 315 assistance projects in 952 locations with direct costs of over 32 million USD, as detailed in the charts below.

Access to Property

16%

43%38%

1% 2%

Yes,Property

Accessible

No Do notknow

No Answer NotApplicable


11

Number of Projects

6

46

12

93

52

12

10

1

31

52

Community Based Activities

Displacement Monitoring

Education

Emergency Relief

Health

Joint Operational Cell (JOC -various under funded sectors)

Monitoring & Evaluation

Protection

Training & Capacity Building(including livelihood support)

Water & SanitationNumber of Projects

315

73 41151

50

Total 2006 2007 2008 2009

Direct Costs

$32,492,122

$5,973,671 $6,115,810$16,517,172

$3,885,470

Total 2006 2007 2008 2009

IOM has successfully assisted post-Samarra IDP, returnee, and host community families in every governorate of Iraq with 315 projects, divided among the following sectors:

Projects were distributed across the years as follows:

Direct costs for projects are as follows for each year:

In addition, the government of Iraq has adopted a policy on “Returning Displaced Persons” in Iraq. It has become clear that recent trends indicate the viability of an organized return program, where IOM and the international community can play a significant role. The scope and complexity of the Iraqi displacement issue is beyond the current capacity of the GoI and therefore calls for international involvement. V . C O N C L U S I O N

Sectarian violence and displacement resulting from the 22 February 2006 bombing of the Al-Askari Mosque in Samarra peaked in 2006, and new displacement is today no more than a trickle. Yet 270,000 families continue to live in displacement, making more than 5% of Iraq’s total population particularly vulnerable. 22% live in collective settlements, public buildings, or makeshift housing; 14% have no access to health care; 19% cannot access their PDS rations, and another 44% have only periodic access to PDS. Overall, 61% of all post-Samarra IDPs would like to return to their places of origin, while another 39% do not wish to do so, but rather want to integrate into the place of displacement or into a third location. In many cases IDP families do not have adequate means to act on these desires to move ahead with their lives, even when the security situation permits. Access to employment is consistently listed by IDP families as a top priority need. In addition, 43% of IDPs do not have access to the property they left behind. The vast majority of post-Samarra IDP families are from Baghdad, Diyala, and Ninewa governorates, which saw some of the worst post-Samarra sectarian violence. Most of these families (83%) are displaced within their home governorates, and most wish to return home. Indeed, these governorates are home to the majority of the 49,432 returnee families identified by IOM displacement monitors. These families require sustainable solutions along with continued security improvement in order to make their return permanent and successful.


12

Caused chiefly by sectarian violence, conditions of displacement in Iraq are themselves also characterized by ethnic and religious patterns. For example, according to IOM assessments IDPs who fled to southern governorates are mostly Shia Arabs who left a different governorate, and they mostly wish to integrate into their places of displacement. They are less likely to have even occasional access to PDS rations, and they also require support for basic needs and livelihoods in order to begin anew. Despite limited funding and insecurity, IOM continues to assist the displaced, returning Iraqis, and host communities with emergency food, water and household item distributions, community assistance projects, and advocacy. Since 2006, IOM has successfully completed 315 projects in 952 locations with direct costs of over 32 million USD. However, overall assistance to these vulnerable communities remains inadequate. The interventions indicated above have also served to complement GoI efforts, local and otherwise, in search of sustainable, durable solutions. Spontaneous IDP returns continue, and in some cases, there is need for local integration at the initial sites of displacement or settlement elsewhere. However, until these solutions can be successfully implemented, displacement and the protection needs for the particularly vulnerable displaced will continue to be a chief concern for the future of Iraq. ______________________________________________________________________________ For further information on IDPs and returnees in Iraq, please contact Martin Ocaga, IOM Iraq Program Manager at [email protected] or Liana Paris, IDP Monitoring Program, at [email protected] (+962 6 565 9660 extensions 1061 and 1033).

IOM Iraq - IDP Programme Projects 2006 - 2009 IOM DISPLACEMENT MONITORINGAND NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

i±°̄

ù

ii

iii

ii

i

i

i i

ii

ÆP

TS

TSTS

TS

ii

i

i

i

ù

ù

ù

ù

ù

TS

TS

TS

TS

TSÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ùù

ii

i

i

i

i

ii

i

i

ii

i

i

i

ii

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

Æc i

ùùùùù

ùùù

ùùù

ùùù

ùùù

ùùù

ùùù

ùùù

ùùù

ùùù

ùùù

ùùù

ùùù

ùùù

iiii

ii

ii

i

i

i

i

iiiiii

TSTS

TS

ii ii

i

ÆcÆc Æc

Æc

i

i

i

ÆP

ÆPÆP

ÆP

TS

TSTS

TS

TSiiiiii

Æc

ùùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùùTSi

i iÆPÆP

å

å

å

ÆPÆPÆP

ÆP iÆc

Æc

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùùùù

ùù

ùùù ÆPÆP

TS

ÆP

ÆP

ÆPÆP

ÆP

[_iÆP[_

[_

[_Æc

å

i iiii

ù

ù

ù

ù

ù

ù

ù

ù

ù

ù

ù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

[_

i±°̄±°̄±°̄

±°̄

ÆPÆP

ÆP

ÆP

TSTSTS

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

TS

ù

ù

ù

ù

ù

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆPù

ù

ii

i

i

i

i

ii i

i

i

ii

i

i

ii iii iiii

i ii

Æc

ÆcÆc

Æc

iii

i Æc

Æc

ÆP

ÆP ÆP

ÆcÆc

ÆcÆc Æc

Æc ÆcÆcÆc

Æc

ÆcÆc Æc

i

i iii

ii

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆPÆP

ÆP

ÆPÆP

ÆP

ÆPÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆPÆPÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆPÆP

ÆP ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP ÆP

ÆP

Æc

Æc

Æc

ÆcÆc Æc

Æc

i

ÆcÆc

i

ÆPÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆPÆP

ÆPÆP ÆP

ÆP

Æc Æc

Æc

ii

i

ii

Æc

Æc Æc

Æc

Æc

Æc

i

i

i

i

i

TS

TSÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆPÆP

i

TS

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

[_

Æci

i

i

ii

åå

ÆPi

i

i

å

åTS

ii

i

i

ii

å

[_[_ [_

[_

[_

[_

TS

TS

ii

i

TS

i

i

ùù

ù

ù ii±°̄

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

i

ii

ii

TS

iii

iii

i

iiii

Æc

Æc

Æc

Æc

Æc

Æc

Æc

Æci

i

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆPÆP

ÆP

ÆP

TS

TS

ÆP

ÆP

ÆPÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆPÆP ÆPÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆPÆP

ÆPÆPÆPÆP

ÆP ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆPÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

å

ùÆc

TSTS

ÆPÆP

TS

ÆP

ÆPÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

i

ùùÆc

i

TS

ÆcÆc

ÆcÆc ÆcÆc Æc

ÆcÆc Æc

Æc

ÆcÆcÆP

ÆP

ÆP

Æc

å

Æc

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP TS

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

i

ÆP

i

i

i

ùù

ùù

ùù

ùù

TS

ÆP

TS

i

ÆP

TS

ÆPÆP

å

ii

i

i

ù

ù

ù

ù[_ [_

i

ii

ii[_

iiù

ii

i

i

i

i

ii

ù

ù

ù

Æc

i

i iTS

ù

ù

ù

ùù

ùù

ùùi

TSTSTS TSTSTSTSTSTS

TS

TSTSTSTSTSTSTSTS

TS

TS

TSTS

TS

TSTS

TS

TS

TS

TS

ii

i

TSTS TSTSTSTSTSTS

TS

TSTSTSTSTSTSTSTSTSTS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TSTS

TSTS TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TSTSTSTSTS

ù

ù

ù

ù

ù

ù[_

ù

TSi i

TS

TS

i

i

i

ù

ù

TSi

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

iiiiii

iii

i

ii

i iii

i i

Æc

TS

ÆP

i

i

ÆPÆP

iTS

i

i

i

ii

TS

å

i

i

i

i

ÆP

i

ÆP

ÆP

ÆP

ÆPÆPÆP

ii

iiiii

ii

TS

TS

TSTS

Æc

å

å

å

TS

±°̄

ii

ÆP

ÆP

[_

[_

[_

±°̄

±°̄

±°̄

±°̄

i

TSTS

TS

TSTSTS

TS

TSTSTSTSTSTS

TSTSTSTSTSTS

ii

i

i

i

ii

i

i iTS

iiÆP

ÆcTS

TSTSTS TSTS

TSTS

TS

TSTSTS TSTSTSTS

TSTS

iii

i

TS TS

TSTS

iiTSTS TS

Al-Rutba

Najaf

Al-Salman

Ana

Hatra

Baiji

Heet

Kut

Al-Ka'im

Al-Ba'aj

Amara

Ramadi

Al-Zubair

Sinjar

Baladrooz

Mosul

Badra

Kifri

Telafar

Tikrit

Haditha

Afaq

Falluja

Erbil

Akre

Kirkuk

Tooz

Balad

Khanaqin

Soran

Al-Daur

Daquq

Samarra

Nassriya

Kalar

Amedi

Al-Rifa'i

Makhmur

Al-Suwaira

Al-Hai

Fao

Hamza

Kerbala

Ali Al-Gharbi

Dokan

ChamchamalAl-Hawiga

Diwaniya

Zakho

Al-Maimouna

Sumel

Al-Qurna

Koisnjaq

Al-Mahawil

Al-Shatra

Al-Khidhir

Tilkaif

Halabja

Pshdar

Sharbazher

Shaqlawa

Mada'in

Sulaymaniya

Mergasur

Al-Chibayish

Al-Rumaitha

Dahuk

Basrah

Hashimiya

Rania

Al-Khalis

Al-Shirqat

Penjwin

Al-Hamdaniya

Ain Al-Tamur

Al-Kahla

Kufa

Mahmoudiya

Choman

Shekhan

Taji

Tarmia

Al-Midaina

Suq Al-Shoyokh

Al-Na'maniyaHilla

Shatt Al-Arab

Al-Muqdadiya

Qal'at Saleh

Karkh

Al-Hindiya

Al-Samawa

Abu Al-Khaseeb

Ba'quba

Al-Musayab

Al-Mejar Al-Kabi

Al-Shamiya

Al-Shikhan

Abu Ghraib

Al-Manathera

Darbandihkan

Al Resafa

Istiqlal

A n b a rA n b a r


N a j a fN a j a f

E r b i lE r b i l





K i r k u kK i r k u k

S u l a y m a n i y a hS u l a y m a n i y a h

D a h u kD a h u k

B a b y l o nB a b y l o n

K e r b a l aK e r b a l a






Legend

IDP Locations by # of Families

1 - 99.

99 - 499

499 - 999

999 - 2999

2999 - 5000

IDP Families per Governorate

3000 - 4999

5000 - 9999

10000 - 14999

15000 - 19999

60000 - 90000


IOM PROJECT LOCATIONS AND SECTOR

±°̄ COMMUNITY BASED ACTIVITIES

ù DISPLACEMENT MONITORING

å EDUCATION

i EMERGENCY RELIEF

ÆP HEALTH

[_ Joint Operational Cell (JOC)

Æc TRAINING & CAPACITY BUILDING

TS WAT/SAN

Projects Number of project locations*

Governorate Number

of Projects

Direct Costs Total

Locations 2006 2007 2008 2009

Total 315 $32,492,122 952 205 210 347 190

Anbar 15 $1,249,627 53 21 14 15 3

Babylon 15 $1,119,187 56 5 30 16 5

Baghdad 39 $7,616,837 76 19 8 35 14

Basrah 21 $1,313,636 56 4 12 35 5

Dahuk 10 $571,319 36 2 15 19

Diyala 14 $1,594,326 55 27 10 16 2

Erbil 15 $2,511,693 87 5 2 17 63

Kerbala 19 $1,542,227 38 7 6 21 4

Missan 25 $2,191,277 104 39 23 32 10

Muthanna 3 $63,000 15 6 3 5 1

Najaf 20 $1,028,900 46 6 16 21 3

Ninewa 41 $3,262,356 107 16 20 38 33

Qadissiya 12 $838,880 59 15 25 16 3

Salah al-Din 8 $681,754 27 13 3 9 2

Sulaymaniyah 13 $1,954,584 29 2 16 11

Kirkuk 10 $1,412,121 19 4 7 5 3

Thi-Qar 16 $1,648,432 31 7 4 15 5

Wassit 19 $1,891,967 58 11 23 20 4 *project locations: Settlements where projects are implemented

Number of Projects

6

46

12

93

52

12

10

1

31

52

Community Based Activities

Displacement Monitoring

Education

Emergency Relief

Health

Joint Operational Cell (JOC -

various under funded sectors)

Monitoring & Evaluation

Protection

Training & Capacity Building

(including livelihood support)

Water & Sanitation

Number of Projects

315

73 41

15150

Total 2006 2007 2008 2009

Annex map 1

Iraq - IDP Families and Locations per Governorate February 2009 IOM DISPLACEMENT MONITORING AND NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

Al-Rutba

Najaf

Ana

Hatra

Baiji

Heet

Kut

Al-Ka'im

Al-Ba'aj

Amara

Ramadi

Sinjar

Baladrooz

Mosul

Badra

Kifri

Telafar

Tikrit

Haditha

Afaq

Falluja

Erbil

Akre

Kirkuk

Tooz

Balad

Khanaqin

Soran

Al-Daur

Daquq

Samarra

Kalar

Amedi

Makhmur

Al-Suwaira

Al-Hai

Kerbala Ali Al-Gharbi

Dokan

ChamchamalAl-Hawiga

Diwaniya

Zakho

Sumel

Koisnjaq

Al-Mahawil

Tilkaif

Pshdar

Shaqlawa

Mada'in

Dahuk

Hashimiya

Kufa

Al-SalmanAl-Zubair

Nassriya

Al-Rifa'i

Fao

HamzaAl-Maimouna

Al-Qurna

Al-Shatra

Al-Khidhir

Halabja

Sharbazher

Sulaymaniya

Mergasur

Al-Chibayish

Al-Rumaitha

Basrah

Rania

Al-Khalis

Al-Shirqat

Penjwin

Al-Hamdaniya

Al-Midaina

Ain Al-Tamur

Al-Kahla

Mahmoudiya

Suq Al-Shoyokh

Al-Na'maniyaHilla

Choman

Shatt Al-Arab

Al-Muqdadiya

Qal'at Saleh

Shekhan

Karkh

Taji

Al-Hindiya

Al-Samawa

Abu Al-Khaseeb

TarmiaBa'quba

Al-Musayab

Al-Mejar Al-Kabi

Al-Shamiya

Al-Shikhan

Abu Ghraib

Al-Manathera

Darbandihkan

Al ResafaIstiqlal

A n b a rA n b a r

N a j a fN a j a f

M u t h a n n aM u t h a n n aB a s r a hB a s r a h



N i n e w aN i n e w aE r b i lE r b i l





D a h u kD a h u k




LegendIDP Locations by # of Families

1 - 99.

99 - 499

499 - 999

999 - 2999

2999 - 5000

IDP Families per Governorate3000 - 4999

5000 - 9999

10000 - 14999

15000 - 19999

60000 - 90000


Annex map 2

Iraq - Returnee Families and Locations per Governorate February 2009 IOM DISPLACEMENT MONITORING AND NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

Al-Rutba

Najaf

Al-Salman

Ana

Hatra

Baiji

Heet

Kut

Al-Ka'im

Al-Ba'aj

Amara

Ramadi

Al-Zubair

Sinjar

Baladrooz

Mosul

Badra

Kifri

Telafar

Tikrit

Haditha

Afaq

Falluja

Erbil

Akre

Kirkuk

Tooz

Balad

Khanaqin

Soran

Al-Daur

Daquq

Samarra

Nassriya

Kalar

Amedi

Al-Rifa'i

Makhmur

Al-Suwaira

Al-Hai

Fao

Hamza

Kerbala

Ali Al-Gharbi

Dokan

Al-Hawiga

Diwaniya

Al-Maimouna

Koisnjaq

Al-Mahawil

Al-Shatra

Tilkaif

Pshdar

Shaqlawa

Dahuk

Basrah

Chamchamal

Zakho

Sumel

Al-Qurna

Al-Khidhir

Halabja

Sharbazher

Mada'in

Sulaymaniya

Mergasur

Al-Chibayish

Al-Rumaitha

Hashimiya

Rania

Al-Khalis

Al-Shirqat

Penjwin

Al-Hamdaniya

Al-Midaina

Ain Al-Tamur

Al-Kahla

Kufa

Mahmoudiya

Suq Al-Shoyokh

Al-Na'maniyaHilla

Choman

Shatt Al-Arab

Al-Muqdadiya

Qal'at Saleh

Shekhan

Karkh

Taji

Al-Hindiya

Al-Samawa

Abu Al-Khaseeb

TarmiaBa'quba

Al-Musayab

Al-Mejar Al-Kabi

Al-Shamiya

Al-Shikhan

Abu Ghraib

Al-Manathera

Darbandihkan

Al ResafaIstiqlal

A n b a rA n b a r


N a j a fN a j a f


E r b i lE r b i l








D a h u kD a h u k




LegendReturnee locations by # of Families

1 - 99

100 - 199

200 - 499

500 - 999

1000 and more

Returnee Families per GovernorateNo data

< 500

500 - 700

1500

4500

8800

31500


Annex map 3

Documents

IOM Displacement Reports: Three Years of Post-Samarra ... · Al-Rifa'i Makhmur Al-Suwaira Al-Hai Fao Hamza Kerbala Ali Al-Gharbi Dokan Chamchamal Al-Hawiga Zakho Al-Maimouna Sumel