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Investigation of New Tool to Unload Liquids Investigation of New Tool to Unload Liquids from Gas Wellsfrom Gas Wells
VortexFlowllc.comVortexFlowllc.comCal WhibbsCal Whibbs
Premier Production Premier Production
DEMAND FOR NATURAL DEMAND FOR NATURAL GASGAS
Rise in demand due to , Rise in demand due to ,
Low cost per unit of energyLow cost per unit of energy Cleaner burning propertiesCleaner burning properties
Increased useage,Increased useage,
Residential heatingResidential heating Automobile usageAutomobile usage Power generation plantsPower generation plants
GAS PRODUCTIONGAS PRODUCTION
Production accompanied by, Production accompanied by,
Water / brineWater / brine CondensateCondensate
Resulting in,Resulting in,
Back-pressure on Back-pressure on formationformation
Reducing gas deliverabilityReducing gas deliverability
LIQUID UNLOADINGLIQUID UNLOADING
Conventional unloading methodsConventional unloading methods
Soap sticksSoap sticks PlungersPlungers Rod pumpsRod pumps SwabbingSwabbing
These methods require additional These methods require additional capitalcapital and and operatingoperating expenditures. expenditures.
CHANGING THE FLOW CHANGING THE FLOW MECHANISMMECHANISM
Mingaleeva in his paper “On the Mechanism of a Mingaleeva in his paper “On the Mechanism of a Helical Motion of Fluids in Regions of Sharp Path Helical Motion of Fluids in Regions of Sharp Path Bending” determined that,Bending” determined that,
“ “ The path of least resistance for liquid and The path of least resistance for liquid and gases is determined to be of a helicalgases is determined to be of a helical trajectory, and that the slope of the helix trajectory, and that the slope of the helix varies within 45-65varies within 45-65oo from the horizontal. The from the horizontal. The helical path was more favorable from an helical path was more favorable from an energy utilization viewpoint, as the power energy utilization viewpoint, as the power spent to overcome the hydraulic drag for spent to overcome the hydraulic drag for raising an air column, as compared to the raising an air column, as compared to the motion and rising of equivalent air mass at the motion and rising of equivalent air mass at the same velocities by a straight column is same velocities by a straight column is significantly lower.”significantly lower.”
FLOW MODIFYING TOOLSFLOW MODIFYING TOOLS
Technology used in the coal and Technology used in the coal and potash industries for almost a potash industries for almost a decade.decade.
In 2001 VortexFlow, LLC In 2001 VortexFlow, LLC acquired rights to use this acquired rights to use this technology in the Oil and Gas technology in the Oil and Gas Industry. Industry.
Installed over 200 surface units.Installed over 200 surface units.
Contributed to 5% - 40% Contributed to 5% - 40% increase in gas production.increase in gas production.
Consistently shifting decline Consistently shifting decline curves when compared to wells’ curves when compared to wells’ prior experience.prior experience.
FLOW LOOPFLOW LOOP1. Positive Displacement Pump1. Positive Displacement Pump 10. Vortex Unit10. Vortex Unit
2. Gas Choke2. Gas Choke 11. Ball Valve11. Ball Valve
3. Variable Speed PD Pump3. Variable Speed PD Pump 12. Check Valve12. Check Valve
3.Wellbore3.Wellbore 13. Flow Indicator13. Flow Indicator
5. Liquid/Gas Separating Vessel5. Liquid/Gas Separating Vessel 13. Pressure Indicator13. Pressure Indicator
6. 4” Clear PVC Return Line6. 4” Clear PVC Return Line 15. Liquid Gauge15. Liquid Gauge
7. Y-Bend7. Y-Bend 16. Water Reservoir16. Water Reservoir
8. 2” Clear PVC Tubing String8. 2” Clear PVC Tubing String 17. Wellhead Choke17. Wellhead Choke
9. 2” Union9. 2” Union
FLOW LOOPFLOW LOOP1. Positive Displacement Pump1. Positive Displacement Pump 10. Vortex Unit10. Vortex Unit
2. Gas Choke2. Gas Choke 11. Ball Valve11. Ball Valve
3. Variable Speed PD Pump3. Variable Speed PD Pump 12. Check Valve12. Check Valve
3.Wellbore3.Wellbore 13. Flow Indicator13. Flow Indicator
5. Liquid/Gas Separating Vessel5. Liquid/Gas Separating Vessel 13. Pressure Indicator13. Pressure Indicator
6. 4” Clear PVC Return Line6. 4” Clear PVC Return Line 15. Liquid Gauge15. Liquid Gauge
7. Y-Bend7. Y-Bend 16. Water Reservoir16. Water Reservoir
8. 2” Clear PVC Tubing String8. 2” Clear PVC Tubing String 17. Wellhead Choke17. Wellhead Choke
9. 2” Union9. 2” Union
FLOW MODIFYING TOOLSFLOW MODIFYING TOOLS
WELLBORE FLOW WELLBORE FLOW STABILITYSTABILITY
FLOW STABILITYFLOW STABILITYLOW LIQUID / HIGH GAS
RATES
WITH VX TOOL
WITHOUT VX TOOL
FLOW VISULATIZATIONFLOW VISULATIZATIONHIGH LIQUID / LOW GAS
RATES
WITHOUT VX TOOL
WITH VX TOOL
OPERATIONAL ENVELOPEOPERATIONAL ENVELOPE
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000
Gas Flow Rate (SCFD)
Liq
uid
Flo
w R
ate
(B
PD
)
Tubing
A2
A4
D
NON LOAD-UP REGION
LOAD-UP REGION
Region 1
PRESSURE DROPPRESSURE DROP
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000
Gas Flow Rate (SCFD)
Tu
bin
g P
res
su
re D
rop
'DP
' (p
si)
Tubing
A2
A4
D
SLUG STABILITYSLUG STABILITY
WITH VX TOOL
WITHOUT VX TOOL
SLUG STABILITYSLUG STABILITY
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00
Time (min:sec)
Bo
tto
m-H
ole
Pre
ss
ure
(p
sig
) Pipe (19.27MSCFD, 20.45psig)
VX Tool (19.07MSCFD, 20.39psig)
CRITICAL VELOCITYCRITICAL VELOCITY
CRITICAL VELOCITYCRITICAL VELOCITY
VVTT == Terminal gas velocity, ft/sTerminal gas velocity, ft/s
== Surface tension, dyne/cmSurface tension, dyne/cm
LL == Liquid density, lbLiquid density, lbmm/ft/ft33
GG == Gas density, lbGas density, lbmm/ft/ft33
Turner et. Al
Coleman
Li
CRITICAL VELOCITYCRITICAL VELOCITY
10
100
1,000
10 100Wellhead Pressure (psia)
Ga
s F
low
Ra
te (
MS
CF
D)
NON LOAD-UP REGION
LOAD-UP REGION
CRITICAL VELOCITYCRITICAL VELOCITY
10
100
1,000
10 100Wellhead Pressure (psia)
Ga
s F
low
Ra
te (
MS
CF
D)
Pipe
VX Tool
NON LOAD-UP REGION
LOAD-UP REGION
CRITICAL VELOCITYCRITICAL VELOCITY
10
100
1,000
10 100Wellhead Pressure (psia)
Ga
s F
low
Ra
te (
MS
CF
D)
Pipe
VX Tool
NON LOAD-UP REGION
LOAD-UP REGION
CRITICAL VELOCITYCRITICAL VELOCITY
Turner’s ModelTurner’s Model Li’s ModelLi’s Model
Critical Velocity Critical Velocity FormulaFormula
Shape of Shape of DropDrop SphericalSpherical FlatFlat
Discharge Discharge Coefficient ‘CCoefficient ‘C
dd’’ ≈ ≈ 0.440.44 ≈ ≈ 1.01.0
BACKPRESSURE ANALYSISBACKPRESSURE ANALYSIS
100
1,000
0.1 1
Liquid Un-Loading (bbl/MSCF)
PW
F2 - P
WH
2 eS(p
sia
2 )
Pipe
VX Tool
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS VX tools sucessfully reduces liquid loading,VX tools sucessfully reduces liquid loading,
Consistent results at varying pressuresConsistent results at varying pressures The tool lowered critical velocityThe tool lowered critical velocity
Testing program allowed improvements in tool Testing program allowed improvements in tool design to be evaluated.design to be evaluated.
Potential use in,Potential use in, Avoiding liquid-loading in flowing wellsAvoiding liquid-loading in flowing wells Replacing marginal pump jacksReplacing marginal pump jacks Replacing plunger systemsReplacing plunger systems Improving flow in horizontal wellsImproving flow in horizontal wells Reducing power consumption of ESPsReducing power consumption of ESPs Being A slug stabilizer by reducing slug sizesBeing A slug stabilizer by reducing slug sizes Reducing gas requirements in artificial gas Reducing gas requirements in artificial gas
liftlift
FUTURE WORKFUTURE WORK
BETA VX TOOL INSTALLED
5 TOOLS IN WYOMING COAL (1,200 FT) FOR MARATHON OIL4 TOOLS IN SAN JUAN BASIN FAIRWAY COAL IN COLORADO (3,000 FT) FOR BP1 TOOL IN SAN JUAN CONVENTIONAL IN NEW MEXICO (1,200 FT) FOR BP5 TOOLS IN HUGOTON BASIN IN TEXAS (???? FT) FOR BP1 TOOL IN WYOMING DEEP GAS (12,000 FT)
MID-HOLE TOOL UNDER DEVELOPMENTPRODUCTION TOOL WILL BE READY FOR SALE LATER THIS YEAR
THANK YOU!THANK YOU!
Vortex Flow Corporate Offices8591 Prairie Trail Dr. Suite 500
Englewood, Co. 80112
QUESTIONS ?QUESTIONS ?
Why does the amount of Why does the amount of liquid that can be liquid that can be
removed continuously removed continuously decrease as the gas rate decrease as the gas rate
is increased ?is increased ?
OPERATIONAL ENVELOPEOPERATIONAL ENVELOPE
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000
Gas Flow Rate (SCFD)
Liq
uid
Flo
w R
ate
(BP
D)
.
Tubing
A2
A4
D
NO N LO AD-UP REGIO N
LO AD-UP REGIO NRegion 1
PRESSURE PRESSURE COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS
WELLBORE
PRESSURE
= PRESSURE OF A GAS
+HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE DUE
TO LIQUID
PRESSURE COMPONENTSPRESSURE COMPONENTS
WELLBORE
PRESSURE
= PRESSURE OF A GAS
+HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE DUE
TO LIQUID
AT LOW GAS RATES
PRESSURE COMPONENTSPRESSURE COMPONENTS
WELLBORE
PRESSURE
= PRESSURE OF A GAS
+HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE DUE
TO LIQUID
AT HIGH GAS RATES
NO-SLIP LIQUID HOLDUPNO-SLIP LIQUID HOLDUP
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000
Gas Flow Rate (SCFD)
Liq
uid
Hol
du
p
.
Tubing
A2
A4
D
NO N LO AD-UP REGIO N
LO AD-UP REGIO N
QUESTIONS ?QUESTIONS ?
FLOW LOOPFLOW LOOP1. Positive Displacement Pump1. Positive Displacement Pump 10. Vortex Unit10. Vortex Unit
2. Gas Choke2. Gas Choke 11. Ball Valve11. Ball Valve
3. Variable Speed PD Pump3. Variable Speed PD Pump 12. Check Valve12. Check Valve
3.Wellbore3.Wellbore 13. Flow Indicator13. Flow Indicator
5. Liquid/Gas Separating Vessel5. Liquid/Gas Separating Vessel 13. Pressure Indicator13. Pressure Indicator
6. 4” Clear PVC Return Line6. 4” Clear PVC Return Line 15. Liquid Gauge15. Liquid Gauge
7. Y-Bend7. Y-Bend 16. Water Reservoir16. Water Reservoir
8. 2” Clear PVC Tubing String8. 2” Clear PVC Tubing String 17. Wellhead Choke17. Wellhead Choke
9. 2” Union9. 2” Union
FLOW LOOPFLOW LOOP1. Positive Displacement Pump1. Positive Displacement Pump 10. Vortex Unit10. Vortex Unit
2. Gas Choke2. Gas Choke 11. Ball Valve11. Ball Valve
3. Variable Speed PD Pump3. Variable Speed PD Pump 12. Check Valve12. Check Valve
3.Wellbore3.Wellbore 13. Flow Indicator13. Flow Indicator
5. Liquid/Gas Separating Vessel5. Liquid/Gas Separating Vessel 13. Pressure Indicator13. Pressure Indicator
6. 4” Clear PVC Return Line6. 4” Clear PVC Return Line 15. Liquid Gauge15. Liquid Gauge
7. Y-Bend7. Y-Bend 16. Water Reservoir16. Water Reservoir
8. 2” Clear PVC Tubing String8. 2” Clear PVC Tubing String 17. Wellhead Choke17. Wellhead Choke
9. 2” Union9. 2” Union
FLOW LOOPFLOW LOOP1. Positive Displacement Pump1. Positive Displacement Pump 10. Vortex Unit10. Vortex Unit
2. Gas Choke2. Gas Choke 11. Ball Valve11. Ball Valve
3. Variable Speed PD Pump3. Variable Speed PD Pump 12. Check Valve12. Check Valve
3.Wellbore3.Wellbore 13. Flow Indicator13. Flow Indicator
5. Liquid/Gas Separating Vessel5. Liquid/Gas Separating Vessel 13. Pressure Indicator13. Pressure Indicator
6. 4” Clear PVC Return Line6. 4” Clear PVC Return Line 15. Liquid Gauge15. Liquid Gauge
7. Y-Bend7. Y-Bend 16. Water Reservoir16. Water Reservoir
8. 2” Clear PVC Tubing String8. 2” Clear PVC Tubing String 17. Wellhead Choke17. Wellhead Choke
9. 2” Union9. 2” Union
FLOW LOOPFLOW LOOP1. Positive Displacement Pump1. Positive Displacement Pump 10. Vortex Unit10. Vortex Unit
2. Gas Choke2. Gas Choke 11. Ball Valve11. Ball Valve
3. Variable Speed PD Pump3. Variable Speed PD Pump 12. Check Valve12. Check Valve
3.Wellbore3.Wellbore 13. Flow Indicator13. Flow Indicator
5. Liquid/Gas Separating Vessel5. Liquid/Gas Separating Vessel 13. Pressure Indicator13. Pressure Indicator
6. 4” Clear PVC Return Line6. 4” Clear PVC Return Line 15. Liquid Gauge15. Liquid Gauge
7. Y-Bend7. Y-Bend 16. Water Reservoir16. Water Reservoir
8. 2” Clear PVC Tubing String8. 2” Clear PVC Tubing String 17. Wellhead Choke17. Wellhead Choke
9. 2” Union9. 2” Union
FLOW LOOPFLOW LOOP1. Positive Displacement Pump1. Positive Displacement Pump 10. Vortex Unit10. Vortex Unit
2. Gas Choke2. Gas Choke 11. Ball Valve11. Ball Valve
3. Variable Speed PD Pump3. Variable Speed PD Pump 12. Check Valve12. Check Valve
3.Wellbore3.Wellbore 13. Flow Indicator13. Flow Indicator
5. Liquid/Gas Separating Vessel5. Liquid/Gas Separating Vessel 13. Pressure Indicator13. Pressure Indicator
6. 4” Clear PVC Return Line6. 4” Clear PVC Return Line 15. Liquid Gauge15. Liquid Gauge
7. Y-Bend7. Y-Bend 16. Water Reservoir16. Water Reservoir
8. 2” Clear PVC Tubing String8. 2” Clear PVC Tubing String 17. Wellhead Choke17. Wellhead Choke
9. 2” Union9. 2” Union