iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK jHjidhlhska i|ydfmagkaÜ n,m;% ms<sn| ye|skaùula

jHdmdr i|ydn qo aêuh fo am,

ud¾f.`mfo aY ud,dj

iiqqrrCCIIss;; wwkkdd..;;hhllaa

3wxl:

1

fuu w;a fmd; jHdmdr i|yd nqoêuh foam, hk uefhka m<jq fmd;a fm<l ;=kajekak fõX uq,slj fuu.ska kj yd ksrAudKYS,s woyia yd ;dlaIKsl Yla;Skam%fhdackhg .ksuska jHdmdrfha yelshdjka Wmrsu lr .; yels m%Odk;uWmlrKh jk fmagkaÜ whs;sh ms<sn|j idlÉPdjg ,la flfrAX jHdmdrfha oekqukï iïm;, tkï jsfYaIfhka kj woyia yd ixl,am l<uKdlrKh lsrSu u.skablaukska fjkia jk ;rÕldrs jHdmdr mrsirhlg jvd;a fyd|ska uqyqK oSug,jHdmdr Wmdh udrA. fjkia lsrSug, jHdmdr mrsir ;;ajhkag wkq.;ùug ydkj wjia:d Wodlr .ekSug fmagkaÜ whs;sh ms<sn|j oekqu m%fhdackj;a fjzX

wo mj;skafka oekqu mokï lr.;a wdrA:slhla nj Tn okakd lreKlsX tjeks;;a;ajhla ;=, ksrAudKYS,s jHdmdrhka i;= fmagkaÜ whs;sh hkq jHdmdrfham%Odk;u Wmdh udrA.h fõX fuu w;a fmd;ska TzkEu jHdmdrhla i|yd fmagkaÜwhs;sh ksid ,efnk jdiska ms<sn| jvd ir,j yd m%dfhda.slj jsia;r flfrhsX fuuw;a fmdf;ka m%dfhda.sl f;dr;=re fukau fmagkaÜ iuznkaO uq,sl wjfndaOh ,ndfohs’ kj ksrAudKhl whs;sh ;yjqre lsrSu kS;suh l%ShdudrA.hlos ke;skï fmagkaÜwhs;sh n,d;aul lr .ekSfïos fmagkaÜ iïnkaO jsfYaI{hl=f.a Wmfoia ,nd .ekSujvd jsplaIKYS,S fõX fmagkaÜz iïznkaO jsfYaI{ Wmfoia ,nd .ekSfïos jvd ksjerosm%Yak weiSug fuu w;a fmd; bjy,a jk nj udf.a jsYajdihhsX

;u jHdmdrfha wf,ú yd wmkhk Wmdh udrA. yd kj ;dlaIKh” fmagkagz WmdhudrA. iu. taldnoaO lr .ekSfï wruqK we;sj iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudKjHdmdrslhska fuu w;a fmd; Ndú;hg Wkka\q lsrSu wmf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=jhsXnqoaêuh foam, ms<sn|j f,dal ixúOdkh fuu w;a fmd; iuznkaOj Tnf.a woyia ydfhdackd n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjzX f,dj mqrd úisrs isgsk iq¿Z yd uOHu mrsudKjHdmdrslhska kj wjYH;d yd thg jsi\quz yªkd .eksug;a ta wkqj fuu w;a fmd;m%;sfYdaOkhg ,la lsrSug Tnf.a woyia uy;a rel=,la jk nj wm ixjsOdkfhajsYajdih fjzX

cd;sl ugzgfuz ixjsOdk yd yjq,a lrejka iu.Z iyfhda.fhka fuu w;a fmd; ta targj, wjYH;djhka wkqj ilia l, yels w;r ta i|yd Wkka\qjla olajk wdh;kf,dal nqoaOsuh foam, ixjsOdkh weu;Sfuka fuys w;a msgm;a ,nd.; yelshsX

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jjHHddmmddrr ii||yydd nnqqooaaêêuuhh ffooaamm,, uuddrrAAff..`mmffooaaYY uudd,,ddjj

1. §Tng;a ,l=Kla§ - fj<| ,l=Kq wdrlaIKh( iq¿Z yd uOHu mrsudKfha jHjidhlhska

i|yd fj<| ,l=Kq ms<sn| ye|skajSula' ^nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh - 900 jeks

m%ldYkh&

2. §fyd| fmkqula§ - ldrAusl ie,iqï wdrlaIKh( iq¿Z yd uOHu mrsudKfha jHjidhlhska

i|yd ldrAusl ie,iqï ms<sn| ye|skajSulaX ^nqoaèuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh - 498 jeks

m%ldYkh&

3. §iqrCIs; wkd.;hla§ - fmagkaÜ wdrlaIKh( iq¿Z yd uOHu mrsudKfha

jHjidhlhska i|yd fmagkaÜ n,m;% ms<sn| ye|skajSulaX ^nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal

ixúOdkh - 917 jeks m%ldYkh&

4. §ksrAudKYS,s Tng m%;srEmk wdrlaIKh§( iq¿Z yd uOHu mrsudKfha jHjidhlhska

i|yd m%;srEmk whs;sh ms<sn| ye|skajSulaX ^nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh - 918

jeks m%ldYkh&

by; ish¿ m%ldYk my; i|yka fjí wvjsfhka ,nd .; yel(

www.wipo.int/ebookshop

iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK jHjidh ixjrAOk jHdmD;sh ^m%;srEmk whs;sh 2010& bx.%sis wkqjdofha

m%;srEmk whs;sh nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh (WIPO) ^m%;srEmk whs;sh 2006&

fuu m%ldYkfha wvx.= lreKq iïmqrAKfhkau fyda fldgia jYfhka fyda jsoaHq;a uÕska fyda

hdka;%sl udrA.hlska fyda fjk;a lsisu whqrlska m%;siïmdokh lsrSu fyda iïfm%aIKh lsrSu fyda

Y%S ,xldj ;=< fnod yerSu ysñ iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK jHjidh ixjrAOk jHdmD;sfha (Project SMED)mqrAj wkque;shlska f;drj is\q fkdl, hq;=h’

úússsshhddppkkhh(( fuu fmdf;ys wvx.= f;dr;=re jD;a;Sh kS;s Wmfoia i|yd wdfoaYlhla fkdjk njie,lsh hq;=h’ fuys wvx.= jkafka jsIhh ms<sn| uq,sl f;dr;=re muKsX

fuu m%ldYkh nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkfha (WIPO) mQrAj wkque;sh iys;j mrsjrA;kh

lr m%;siïmdokh lrk ,o’S fuys uq,a bx.%sis wkqjdofha m%;srEmk whs;sh nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn|

f,dal ixúOdkh (WIPO) i;= jk w;r tu m%ldYkh www.wipo.int/sme/en/documents/guides/ fjnz

wvjsfhys olajd we;’ mrsjrA;kh lrk ,o fmdf;ys wvx.= f;dr;=re j, ksj/os Ndjh ms<sn|j

mQrAK j.lSu Y%S ,xldfjz iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK jHjidh ixjrAOk jHdmD;sh (Project SMED) i;= jk

w;r ta ms,sn|j nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkfha j.lSula fkdue;s nj ie,lsh hq;=h’

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mgqk

msgqj

fmagkaÜ 3

fmagkaÜ n,m;%h ,nd .kafka flfiao@ 16

jsfoaY rglos fmagkaÜ wdrlaIKh 30

fmagkaÜz .; ;dlaIKh jdkscHlrKh 34

fmagkaÜ whs;sh n,d;aul lsrSu 39

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1. fmagkaÜ

fmagkaÜ hkq l=ulao@fmagkaÜ hkq ldrAusl fhoùula f,i Ndú;d l,

yels kfjHda;amdokhla i|yd rch u.ska ,nd

fok wkkHjq mru whs;shlsX

fmagkaÜ whs;sh u.ska tys whs;slreg" ksmehqu

/l.ekSug fyda whs;slref.a mqrAj wkque;shlska

f;drj fjk;a mdrAYjhka úiska ksujqu

ksIamdokh lsrSu" Ndú;h" wf,úhg wekjquz lr

.ekSu" wf,úh” ksujqu fyda ksIamdok l%shdj,sh

wdkhkh ;ykuz lsrSug wkkHjq whs;shla ysusfõX

fmagkaÜ hkq b;d n,j;a jHdmdrsl WmlrKhlsX

tu.ska jHdmdrhlg" Tjqkag iqjsfYaIs jq

NdKavhla fyda ksIamdok l%shdj,shla mj;ajd

f.k hdug;a" fj<|m, ;=, Yla;su;a ia:dkhla

we;slr .ekSug;a” n,m;% ksl=;a lsrSu u.ska

wu;r wdodhula Wmhd .ekSug;a wjia:dj ysusfõX

leurd" cx.u \qrl:k" fudagrA r: jeks ixlsrAK

NdKav we;eï jsg fmagkagz wdjrK lsysmhlska

wdjrKh hk kj ksujquz lsysmhl tl;=jla fõzX

tfiau úúsO fmagkagz ysuslrejkaf.a whs;Skays

tl;=jla o fõX

rgla we;=,;oS kuz cd;sl fmagkaÜ ldrAhd,hla

u.ska o” rgj,a lsysmhl tl;=jloS kuz l,dmSh

fmagkagz ldrAhd,h u.ska o fmagkagz iy;sl ksl=;a

flfrAX fmagkagz iy;slh i|yd j,x.= ld,hla

we;s w;r idudkHfhka th wod, .di;= kshñ;

mrsos f.ùu u.ska fmagkagz n,m;% wh\qïm;%h

mqrjk ,o oskfha isg wjqre\q 20 l ld,hla ioZyd

n, meje;afjzX fmagkagz whs;sh huz rgl fyda

l,dmhl N+f.da,Sh udhsuzj,g iSud jqjlsX

tfiau tys whs;slre jsiska fmagkagz wh\quzm;

iuzmqrAK lsrSfïos ksuejqu ms<sn| i;H yd

iuzmqrAK úia;rhla bosrsm;a l< hq;=fjz’

msrskuk fmagkaÜ whs;sh yd fmagkaÜ wh\quzm;a

ms<sn| f;dr;=re rdcH m%ldYk fyda .eiÜz m;%

j, m, lsrSu u.ska uyck;dj oekqj;a l<

hq;=fõ’

3

wd¾ckagshdkq cd;sl yshqf.da T,sfjzrd frdfnrAfgdaldvka iy tvshqrAfvda *rAkekaviaa hk kjksmehquzlrejkaf.a fidhd .ekSula jk nSu fnda;,a uqäjsjD; lrk WmlrKhla rgj,a 20 lg jeä .Kklfmagkagz .;jS we;X fviafl%drAfcgz hk fj<|kduhhgf;a ksujqïlrejka jsiskau wdrïN lrk ,o iud.ulaayryd f,dj mqrd NdKav wf,úh is\qlrhsX

fldrshdkq fudagrA ihsl,a ysia jeiqï ksIamdok iud.ulajk HJCys kj ksujï i|yd f,dj mqrd rgj,a 42 lafmagkaÜ whs;sh ysñhsX Tjqkaf.aaa ksIamdok j,ska 95% lau wmkhk ioZyd fhdod .kS’ uq:Z jsl=Kqï j,ska 10% lamrAfhaIK yd ixjrAOk lghq;= j,g fhdojhsX thskafmkS hkafka fuu lrAudka;h ;=, ch.%yK ,nd .ekSui|yd kj ksujqï fld;rï odhl jkafkao hkakhsX

kj fidhd .ekSula hkq l=ulao@fmagkaÜ iïnkaO l:sldj ;=, kj fhdod .ekSula

hkq ldrAñl .e¿jla i|yd kj yd ksrAudKd;aul

úi\qula ,nd oSuhsX th iuyr jsg w¿;au fohla

ksIamdokh lsrSu” kj l%uhla fyda l%shdj,ska

ksmojSu fyda óg wu;rj okakd NdKavhla fyda

ls%hdj,shka i|yd meyeos,s oshqKqjla lrk kj

fidhd .ekSula úh yelshsX oekg mj;sk fohla kj

fidhd .ekSula f,i fkdi,lk w;r ta i|yd ñksia

fl!I,H yelshdj" ksrAudKYS,s;ajh yd kj woyia

iïnkaO lr .; hq;=fjz’

wo jk jsg we;s kj fidhd .ekSï fkdkj;sk

W;aidyh yd ixjrAOk lghq;= i|yd lrk

os.=ld,Sk wdfhdackj, m%;sm,hlsX fndfyduhla

ir, yd ñ< wOsl fkdjk ;dlaIKsl oshqKq lsrï

i|yd by, fj<| w.hla we;s w;r th ksuejqï

lrejkag yd iud.ï fj; ie,lsh hq;= wdodhï yd

,dN w;a lr fohsX

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kj fidhd .ekSul we;s jdiskj fidhd .ekSula yd kj ksmehqï w;r fjki

y\qkd.ekSu jeo.;ahX kj fidhd .ekSula hkq

ldrAñl .eg¿jlg ldrAñl jsiªula ,nd oSuhsX

th kj ixl,amhla fyda iuyrúg th jev

wdlD;shla fyda uq,dorAYhla f,i mj;SX kj

ksmehqï hkq kj ixl,amhla NdKavhla fyda

l%shdj,shlg fhdod f.k wf,úlr .; yels f,i

ilia lsrSuhsX jHdmdr úiska kj fidhd .ekSï

i|yd jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lrk idOl jkqfha"

ksIamdok l%shdj,sh jevs oshqKq lsrSu yryd

jshoï wvq lr .ekSu yd M,odhs;djh jevs

oshqKq lsrSuX

mdrsfNda.sl wjYH;d wkqj kj ksIamdok

yªkajd oSuX

mj;sk fj<| ;r.Zldrs;ajh ;=, bosrsfhkau

jHdmdrh mj;ajd .ekSu yd fj<|mf,ys ;u

wf,js wjia:d jevslr .ekSuX

jHdmdrfha iy tys .Kqfokq lrejkaf.a

ksjeros yd uq,sl wjYH;djhka iM, lr

.ekSug yels mrsos ;dlaIKh jrAOkh lr

.ekSuX

fjk;a iud.ïys ;dlaIKh u; hemSfuka

wdrÌd jSuX

wo mj;sk wdrA:slh ;=," jHdmdrhla i;+ kj fidhd

.ekSï ksjeros f,i l<uKdlrkh lr .eksug

fmagkaÜ l%uh ms<sn|j fyd| wjfndaOhla wjYH fõzX

tu.ska ;u jHdmdrh i;= ;udf.au kj ksmehqï iy

ksrAudKd;aul yelshdjka ;=,ska jHdmdrhg Wmrsu

jdis ,nd .ekSug" fmagkaÜ iy;sl ysus wks;a

yjq,alrejka iu.Z ,dNodhs jHdmdrsl yjq,a we;slr

.ekSug yd fjk;a wh kS;suh ysusldrS;ajh ork

;dlaIKh mokï lr .;a ksIamdok is\q fkdlsrSug

fuu oekqu bjy,a fõX w;S;fha fuka fkdj

jrA;udkfhaos fndfydauhla kj ksmehquzz w;s ixlSrAK

jk w;r tajd fmagkaÜ iys; kj ixl,am lsysmhl

tkuz fmagkaÜ ysuslrejka rdYshlf.a tl;=jla jsh

yelshsX

Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSug fmagkaÜ whs;sh,nd .; hq;af;a wehs @fidhd .ekSï $ ksmehqï lsrSu iy $ fyda wksla

iud.ï ys kj ksmehï iyh ,nd .ekSu yryd

foaYsh yd wmkhk fj<|m, ;=, ;r.ZldrS f,i

/|s isgSug kï kj ksmehqï fj; ;u jHdmdrh

keUqre l, hq;+ fjzX fï i|yd uq,slj n,mdkafka

fláld,Sk ksIamdok l%shdj,sh yd blaukska

fjkiajk fj<|m, ;r.Zldrs;ajhhsX fmagkaÜ

ysñlu Tiafia ,nd fok wkkHjq whs;sh tu kj

ksmehquzzlrk jHdmdrhg ;rÕldrs

wNsfhda.d;aul yd fjz.j;a jHdmdr mrsirhg

jvd;a idrA:l f,i uqyqK oSug wjYH miqìu

i,ihsX

Yla;su;a fj<| ia:djr;ajhla yd

;r.Zldrs;ajfhka jdis w;alr .ekSu

fmagkaÜ whs;sh ksid tys ysuslreg ;u

ksmehqu wksla wh jsiska jdKsc wruqKq i|yd

fhdod .ekSu j,lajd,Sug iy wdrÌd

lsrSug yelshdj ,efí’ tu.ska fj<|m,

wjOdku, wia:djr;ajh wvqlr .; yelshsX

b;d jeo.;a ksmehqulg Tng ysus fmagkagz

ysusldr;ajh tu lafIa;%fhaa isgsk ;j;a

;r.Zlrefjl=g fj<+|m,g msúiSug fj<|

ndOlhla fõX tkï wod, fj<|m, ;=,

Tng m%Odk;u iemhquzlre f,i /|S isgSug

wjia:dj Wodlr fohsX

by< ,dN iy wdfhdack m%;s,dN Tnf.a

jHdmdrh jsiska ie,lsh hq;= ld,hla yd

uqo,la mrAfhaIK yd ixjrAOk lghq;= i|yd

fhdojd we;s kï" tys m%;sM,h jk fmagkagz

iy;slh we;s kj ksmehqï ta i|yd oe?

úhoï mshjkjd mukla fkdfõ by<

wdfhdacko m%;s,dN w;alr fohsX

fmagkagz n,m;% ksl=;=j fyda mejreuz i|yd

wu;r wdodhula fmagkagz ysuslrejl= f,i

Tnf.a fmagkagz ysusldr;ajh wks;a whg ksl=;a

lsrSfuka Tnf.a n,m;%h i|yd tlajr uqo,la

,nd.; yels w;r th jHdmdrhg wu;r

wdodhula fjzX fmagkagz whs;sh jslsKSu, mejrSu

hgf;a úfYaI fldkafoais wkqj fmagkaÜ

ysusldrS;ajh iys; ksmehqï Ndjs;hg

wjia:dj ,ndfohs.

yqjudre n,m;% u.ska kj ;dlaIKh ,nd

.ekSu Tnf.a jHdmdrhg fjk;a jHdmdrhla

i;= ;dlaIKhla ,nd .ekSug leu;s kuz th

yqjudre n,m;% l%uh hgf;a is\ql, yelshX

tkuz jsfYaI fldkafoais wkqj ilia l,

.súiqulg wkqj fomdrAYjh i;= fmagkagz

tlla fyda Bg jevs m%udKhl fmagkagz

Ndjs;hg tlÕ jsh yelshX

kj fj<|m, wjia:d( fmagkagz n,m;%

n,d;aul lsrSfuka kj fj<|m, j,g

wj;SrAK ùug yelshdj ,efí’ tfia

fkdjqjfyd;a úfoaY fj<|m, j,g wj;SrAK

jSfï wjia:dj fkd,efí’

5

W,a,x>kfhka jk wjodku wju lsrSu(

fmaagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ,ensfuka Tnf.a ksuejqu

yd iudk ;j;a ksmehqulg fmagkagz

ysuslrs;ajh ,enSu j,lajd .; yels w;r

Tnf.a NdKavh fj<|m,g ksl=;a lsrSfuzos wka

whf.a whs;ska W,a,x>khla is¥ ùug we;s

wjia:d wju lr .; yelshX fmagkagz

ysusldrS;ajh ,enSfuka th ksoyia Ndjs;hg

wjia:dj ,nd fkdfohsX tfiau th fjk;a wh

jsiska ;j;a ta iudk ksmehqïj,g fmagkagz

ysñldrs;ajh .ekSu j,lajd,hs’ Tnf.a

fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ,enq ksmehqu fmr uQ,dY%

yd iiok jsg kjH fukau ie,lsh hq;=

fjkila we;s njg ikd: lrhsX ^fuz iuznkaO

jevs jsia;r i|yh msgq wxl 12 n,kak&"

m%;smdok yd wruqo,a ,nd .ekSfuz wjia:d

by< hdu( fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ^Rcq whs;sh

fyda n,m;% u.ska ysus lr.;a& u.ska NdKavh

fj<|m,g ksl=;a lsrug wjYH Tnf.a

m%d.aOk yelshdj by< kxjhsX tfiau iuyr

lafIa;% ^ffcj jsoHd;aul ;dlaIKh& i|yd

noaO jHdmdr wjia:d wdlrAIKh lr .eksug

b;d Yla;su;a fmagkagz wdrlaIKhla

w;HjYHfjzX

wkqlrKh lrkakka yd fkdusf,a jHdmdr

wjia:d ,nd.kakd whg tfrysj lghq;= lrk

Yla;su;a WmlrKhla f,i( fmagkagz u.ska

,efnk iqjsfYaI whs;sh Tiafia Tnf.a fmagkagz

whs;sh W,a,x>kh lrk whg tfrysj lghq;=

lsrSug yelshdj ,efnhsX fmagkagz wdrlaIKh

u.ska wdrÌd lrk ,o ksmehqula

wkque;sfhka f;drj fhdod .kakd

wkqldrlhskag yd ixl,am fidrd .kakkag

tfrysj idrA:lj kS;suh mshjr .ekSu i|yd

fmagkagz n,m;%h buy;a msgqjy,la fjzX

jHdmdrhg hym;a m%;srEmh we;slsrSug(

jHdmdr yjq,alrejka, wdfhdaclhsk,

fldgialrejka yd mdrsfNda.slhska fj; ;u

jHdmdrfha by< jsfYaI{;djh yd ;dlaIKsl

yelshdjka fmkajSu i|yd fmagkagz

ysusldrS;ajh Ndjs;d l, yelshs" tfiau

wruqo,a W;amdokh, ;;a;ajh yd fj<|m,

w.h jevslr .ekSug yelshdj fuhska

WodfjhsX ;jo we;euz iud.uz jsiska

uyck;dj w;r ;u jHdmdr m%;srEmh

kxjd,Sug Tjqka i;= fmagkagz ysusldrs;ajhka

fj<| oekajSu Tiafia m%pdrh lsrSuo olakg

,efnzX

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fmagkagzz wxl . US2002137433. ksrAudKYS,s;ajh i|yd msrskefuk iuzudkfhkams\quz ,enq ksIamdokhla jk jS\qre" firusla u;is\qre ;eksh yels v%s,a WmlrKfha fmagkagzysusldrS;ajh fcdia jhsv,a udrAgskd orhsX TyqRcqju ;u ksmejqu wf,js lsrSu yd fmagkagzn,m;% ,nd oSu u.ska jsjsO m%;s,dN ,nd .kakd,oSX

Tnf.a ksIamdok wdrÌd lr .ekSug we;sfjk;a kS;suh fuj,ï fudkjdo@fuu w;afmd; fmagkagz ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq

lrhs’ flfia jqj;a ksrAudKd;aul ksmehquzz j,

úúO wx.hka mokuz lrf.k kS;suh wdjrKh

,nd .ekSu ioZyd úúO fuj,ï nqoaOsuh foam,

kS;sh u.ska yªkajd oS we;’

Ndjs; fudv, ^flgsld,Sk fmagkagz, iq:Z

fmagkaÜ, ksrAudKd;aul fmagkagz hk kuska o

yªkajhs& we;euz fndfyda rgj,a kj fidhd

.ekSuz fyda oekg we;s NdKavj,g lrk i¿

fjkila Ndú; fudv,h f,i yªkajhs" ^msgq

wxl 10 n,kak&

fj<| ryiaX ryis.; jHdmdr f;dr;=re

fj<| ryia hgf;a m%;s,dN ,nd .kshsX

flfia jqj;a ta i|yd my; lreKq ikd: l,

hq;=hsX

-tjeks fj<| f;dr;=re idudkHfhka

fmd\qfõ wka mdrAYjhka fkdoek isgSuX

-th ryis.; jSu ksid thg jdKsc

jgskdlula ;snSuX

-tu f;dr;=re j, ryis.; nj wdrÌd

lsrSug whs;slre jsiska ie,lsh hq;= mshjr

f.k ;snSu ^WodyrKhla f,i tu f;dr;=re

wkdjrKh j,lajd,Sug wjYH wh muKla

oek .ekSu ms<snoZj iSud mekjSu iy ryiH

fyda wkdjrKh fkdlrk .sjsiquz j,g

t<öu&X ^msgq wxl 9 n,kak&

ldrAusl ksrAudK( NdKavhl fudaia;rhla

fyda l,d;aul wx.hla mj;sk

wfkHdakH;djh ldrAusl ksrAudK igyka

j,ska wdrÌd lrhsX we;uz rgj,a fuh

ksrAudK fmagkagz f,i yªkajhsX

fj<| ikakuz( fj<| ,l=K u.ska NdKav j,

wkkH;djh wdrlaId lrk w;r th wfkl+;a

;r.ZldrS NdKav j,ska fjkalr olajhs’

ysusluz wejrSu iy thg wod, whs;SkaX

idys;H yd wksl=;a l,d;aul ksrAudKhkays

uq,a msgm;a ysusluz wejrSu yd ta iuznkaO

whs;Ska jsiska wdrÌd lrk w;r" tu.ska

mrs>Kl jevigyka we;=:Z jsYd, m%udKhl

ksrAudK i|yd wdjrKhla ,nd fohsX

^msgq wxl 11 n,kak&

kj YdL m%fNao ckkh lrkakkaf.a

whs;sjdislï( fndfyda rgj,a, kj YdL nSc

ckkh lrkakkaf.a yd kj YdL m%fNao nSc

frdamKh lrkakkaf.a whs;ska fï Tiafia

wdjrKh lrhsX jevs\qr jsia;r i|yd

www.upov.int hk fjnz wvjsh n,kakX

o< ieliquz ksrAudKh ^N+ ,ÌK& taldnoaO

udrA.X uhsfl%dapsmaia fyda fius lkavlagrA

psmaia i|yd Ndjs; lrk uq,sl o< ieliquz

ioZyd wdrlaIKh ,nd .; yels w;r tajd

fhdod f.k ksrAudKh lrk ,o wjika

NdKavh olajdu fuu wdjrKh n, meje;a

fõX

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kj fidhd .ekSula i|yd fmagkagz iy;slh,nd .ekSfï yelshdj mj;skafka kï th ,nd.; hq;+o@th yeu jsgu wjYH ke;X kj fidhd .ekSu

fmagkagz lsrSu ksrAfoaY flreK;a th wksjdrAHh

ke;X kj fidhd .ekSu jdKsc w;ska by<

;dlaIKhl fyda ksIamdok m%;sM,hla jsh yelshsX

tu ksid fmagkagz i|yd wh\quz lsrSfuzoS ish¿uZ

me;slv ms<sn| i,ld ne,Su jeo.;ahX we;euz jsg

fmagkagz ,nd .ekSu us< wOsl, wmyiq,

kv;a;=lsrSu yd mj;ajd .ekSu wiSre lrA;jHhlsX

fmagkagz i|yd wh\quz lsrSu fyda fkdlsrSu m%Odk

jYfhkau jHdmdrsl ;SrKhlsX th fndfyda jsg

jdKsc jYfhka ,efnk m%;s,dN u; r|d mj;AS’

fmagkagz i|yd wh\quz lsrSu fyda fkdlsrSug

n,mdk idOl jkqfha"

kj fidhd .ekSug fj<|m,la we;so@

Tnf.a fidhd .ekSu iïnkaOfhka mj;sk

jsl,am fudkjdo@ tajd Tnf.a fidhd .ekSu

iu. ieif|kafka flfiao@

tu fidhd .ekSu oekgu;a we;s NdKavhla

oshqKq lsrSug fyda kj ksIamdokhla lsrSug

m%fhdackj;a o@ th tfia kuz Tnf.a jHdmdr

Wmdh udrA. iuÕ .e,fmao@

Tnf.a ksIamdokh fj<|m,g ksl=;a lsrSug

leue;a;la olajk n,m;% wh¥ï lrejka fyda

wdfhdaclhska isào@

Tnf.a jHdmdrhg yd ;r.Zlrejkag fuu

fidhd .ekSu fldmuK jeo.;a fõo@

Tnf.a kj kmmehqfuys ksrAudK wdlD;sfhys

;dlaIKsl uQ,OrAuhka kej; fidhd .ekSug

fyda msgm;a lsrSug yelshdjla ;sfnzo@

Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSu ms<sn|j yd th

fmagkagz lsrSug Tnf.a ;rÕlrejka

fldmuK Wkka\qjla olajhso@

fmagkagz lsrSug hk jshou" fmaagkagz lsrSfuka

miqj fj<|m, ;=, ,nd .ekSug

n,dfmdfrd;a;= kj ,dNh yryd

idOdrKslrKh l, yelso@ ^fmagkagz lsrSug

hk jshou ms<snoZ f;dr;+re ioZyd msgq wxl 20

n,kak&

kj fidhd .ekSuz ljr me;sj,ska th b;d

myiqfjka yªkd .ekSug yelso@ Tn ,nd

.;a fmagkagz n,m;%h n,d;aul lsrSug

ld,h yd uqo,a fhojSug Tn iqodkuz o@

fmagkagz whs;sh W,a,x>kh ù we;s nj

myiqfjka yªkd.; yelso ta ms<sn| kS;suh

mshjr .ekSu fjkqfjka ld,h yd uqo,a

jehlsrSug Tn iQodkïo@

jrAI 1994 oS Tziafg%z,shdfjz ITL iud.u jsiskareOsrh ,nd .ekSfuzos Ndjs;dl, yels iqjsfYaIWmlrKhla ksmojk ,oSX th Ndjs; fudv,hhgf;a ,shdmosxps l, w;r miqj thg fmagkagz,nd .kakd ,osX tu ksuejqu fvdakrAflhd fj<|kduh hgf;a fj<|m,g yªkajd \qka w;rfoaYsh yd jsfoaYsh rgj, fj<|m, ;=, tuNdKavh jsYd, jYfhka wf,jsh is\qjshXtfukau ksrAudKYS,s ksIamdok iuzudkj,g omd;%jshX

9

kj fidhd .ekSu fj<| ryia f,i mj;ajd

.ekSfuz wjdis

kj ksmehqula yryd kj fidhd .ekSSu

uqrA;su;a jq jsg" wksl=;a mdrAYjhkag kj

ksrAudKh ;=, we;s ixl,amh wkdjrKh lr

.; yels w;r t;eka mgka th Ndjs;hg o

Tjqkag yelshdj mj;SX

fj<| ryia wdrlaIKh M,odhl jkafka

wkshï w;am;a lr .ekSuloS fyda ryia

fy,sorõ ùuloS muKs’

fj<| ryila fy,sorõ jQ miqj ta ms<sn|j

oekqj;a jk mdrAYhhkag th Ndjs;d lsrSug

mq¿jk”

fj<| ryia n,d;aul lsrSu fmagkaÜ n,d;aul

lsrSug jvd wmyiq fõ” Bg fya;+j fj<| ryia

wdrlaIKfhka ,efnk wdjrKh fmagkaÜ

wdrlaIKfhka ,efnk wdjrKhg jvd ¥rAj,

ùuhs’

huz mdrAYjhla jsiska lrk ,o fidhd

.ekSula i|yd jqjo ;drAlsl mokula u;

fmagkaÜ wdrlaIKh ,nd .ekSug ;j;a

mdrAYjhlg yelshdj ,efnz’

kj fidhd .ekSuz wdjrKh lsrSu i|yd fmagkagz

yd fj<| ryia l%uh jsiska tajdg wdfjzKsl

jsl,am wkqj lz%hd;aul fjzX tfiau idudkHfhka

fmagkagz wh\quz lrkakd jsiska fmagkagz ldrAHhd,h

u.ska fmagkagz wh\quzm; m%ldYhg m;alrk f;la

;u fidhd .ekSu fj<| ryila f,i mj;ajd

.kshsX fmagkagz lrk ,o idrA:l fidhd .ekSula

fj<| ryila f,i fndfyda \qrg mj;SX

fmagkagz yd ryiHNdjhTnf.a kj fidhd .ekSu fmagkagz lsrSfuzos jsjsO

wjYH;d imqrd,Sug is\qfjhsX ^msgq wxl 10 n,kak&

ta wkqj Tnf.a iud.ug f;drd .ekSula lsrSug

is¥fjzX tkuz kj fidhd .ekSu fmagkagz lsrSu

ioZyd fj<| ryila f,i mj;ajd .kakjdo@ fyda

th wkdjrKh lsrSu ;=,ska lsisjl=g th fmagkagz

lsrSug fkdyels f,i wdrlAId lrkjdo@ wdos

jYfhks ^fïjd wdrÌdldrs m%ldYk f,i

fmd\qfjz yªkajhs&X

Tnf.a rfgz n,mj;akd kS;s l%uh mokuz lr

f.k widOdrK fj<| ;rÕldrs;ajh iuznkaO

kS;s flgquzm;a wkqj fj<| ryia wdrÌd lrk

kS;suh ;;a;ajhka mej;sh yelsh” jsfYaIfhka

ryiH f;dr;=re wdrÌd lsrSu iuznkaO

tlÕ;djka wdh;kfha fiajlhska, WmfoaYlhska,

mdrsfNda.slhska yd jHdmdr yjq,alrejka hk

whf.a fyda by; mdrAYj ish,af,au tl;=jlska

we;s lr .; yelsh’

fj<| ryia iuznkaO jdisodhl lreKq("

fuz iuznkaOj lsis\q ,shdmozxps .dia;=jla

fkdue;X

fj<| ryia wkdjrKh lsrSug fyda rcfha

ldrAHhd,hl ,shdmosxpsh wjYH fkdfj, ;jo,kj fidhd .ekSu o m%ldYhg m;a fkdflfrAX

fj<| ryia wdjrKh ld, mrspzfPaohlg

iSud fkdfjzX

fj<| ryia b;d blaukska l%shdjg kexjsh

yelshX

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fmagkagz l, yelafla fudkjdo@kj fidhd .ekSula i|yd fmagkagz whs;sh ,nd

.ekSug kuz thg jsjsO wjYH;d iuzmqrAK l,

hq;=fjzX ta wkqj(

fmagkagz l< yels jsIhhla jSu - fï iuznkaO

lreKq ^msgq wxl 11n,kak&;

kjH fidhd .ekSula jSu - ^msgq wxl 12

n,kak&

kjH mshjrla i|yd fya;=ùu ^wmyeos,s

wjYH;d& ^msgq wxl 12 n,kak&

ldrAusl fhdod .ekSulg iq\qiq ùu ^Ndjs;

wjYH;d& ^msgq wxl 13 n,kak&

fmagkagz wh\quzm; ;=, jvd meyeos,s yd

iuzmqrAK f,i wkdjrKh jS ;sîu ^wkdjrK

wjYH;dj& ^msgq wxl 13 n,kak&.

fuu wjYH;d ms<sn|j fyd| wjfndaOhla ,nd

.ekSug kuz, Tnf.a leue;a; wkqj, wks;a iud.uz

jsiska jsjsO ;dlaIKsl lafIa;%j, ,nd .kakd ,o

fmagkagz iuznkaOj yeoErSu fhda.H fjzX fuz i|yd

fmagkagz o;a; .nvdj fj;ska f;dr;=re oek.;

yelshsX ^msgq wxl 16 yd 17 n,kak&

wka;rA cd;sl wh\quzm;a wxl PCT/IT203/000428fmd\qfjz r;alrk ,o øj Ndjs;fhka lEu fydanSu jrA. ielish yels NdckhX

Ndjs; fudv,hfuys we;s jsfYaI ,ÌK:

kj mshjrla f,i .;a l, Ndjs; fudv,h

i|yd jk fldkafoais ,sys,a ugzgul mj;sX

fmagkagz yd ii|k jsg Ndjs; fudv, b;d

blauka iy ir, l%ufjzohlsX

fmagkagz l%uh yd n,k l, fuysos b,a,quz

lsrSug yd mj;ajd .ekSug jk .dia;= my<

w.hla fjzX

fmagkagz ld, mrdih iu.Z n,k l, fuys

Wmrsuh n,meje;ajsh yels ld,h flgshX

we;euz rgj, Ndjs; fudv, l%uh" f;dard.;a

;dlaIKsl lafIa;%j,g muKla iSud lr we;s

w;r we;euz jsg ksIamdok i|yd muKla

msrskuhsX ^ksIamdok l%shdj,skag fkdj&

idudkHfhka Ndjs; fudv, wh\quzm; fyda

msrskuk ,o Ndjs; fudv, l%u l%ufhka

fmagkagz wh\quzm;lg yrjkq ,efnzX

11

fmagkagz lsrSfïoS jk jsIh lreKq fudkjdo @

fndfydauhla cd;sl yd l<dmSh fmagkagz ksS;s

l%uj, fmagkagz jsIh lreKq RKd;aulj jsia;r

lr we;X tkuz fmagkagz lsrSug wmyiq wxY ms<sn|

jsia;rhla iemhSfuksX tfiau rg rgj,a w;r

fuys ie,lsh hq;= fjkila we;s w;r my;

oelafjk we;euz wxY fmagkagz lsrSfuka bj;a lr

we;X

fidhd .ekSuz yd jsoHd;aul kshuhka·;

fi!kaorAhd;aul ksrAudK;

udkisl ls%hdldrluz olajk kS;s l%ufjzohka;

f,dalh ;=, iajNdjfhka yg.kakd ,o

øjHhkays lrk ;ks fidhd .ekSuz;rdcH kS;sh" hym;a iodpdrh uyck

fi!LHhg n,mdk fidhd .ekSuz;ñksia yd i;aj fldgiaj,g m%:sldr lsrSfuzos

Ndú; frda. úksYaph yd Y,HlrAu l%u;YdL iy i;aj ksIamdokhla ^Ìqø yd

w;HdjYHfhkau ffcj l%shdj,shla yer&; iy

mrs>Kl jevigykaX

fndfydauhla rgj, mrs>Kl m%luk j, úIh

yd uq,dY% fla;h wdrlaIKh l, yelshX

,shdmosxÑ lsrSu iuÕ n,k l, fmagkaÜ

wdrlaIKh ia:sr fohla fkdjk w;r we;euz

rgj, jsl,am ,shdmosxps lsrSuz l, yelsh’ fmagkaÜz

fj;ska ,efnk wdjrKh yd ii|k l, ysñluz

wejrSu fj;ska ,efnk wdjrKh iSud iys; jqjlsX

thg fya;=j jkafka tu.ska wdjrKh jkafka

woyila m%ldYh ñi ta ;=, we;s woyi fkdjk

neúksX fndfydauhla iud.uz mrs>Kl jevigyka

ys fla; ysñluz wejrSu lrk w;r uq,dY% fla;

mj;ajd .kshsX

mrs>kl uD\qldx.we;euz rgj, mrs>Kl uD\qldx. ksmojSfuz

moku jk .Ks;uh wdY%s; uQ,dY% fmagkagz u.ska

wdrÌdlr ;sfnzX ta w;r wksla wh jsiska fmagkagz

.; fkdlrk jsIh lreKq bj;a lrhsX mrs>Kl

uD\qldx. iuznkaOj mj;sk fmagkagz f;dr;=re

,nd .ekSug wjYH kuz Tnf.a cd;sl fyda l<dmSh

ldrAhd,h weu;sh yelshsX ^fmagkagz ldrAhd, fjnz

wvjs j, ,smskhka ms<sn| jsia;r ioZyd weuqKquz

wxl I n,kak&X

kj fidhd .ekSu" kùk yd w¿;a njg ;yjqre

lrkafka flfiao@

fidhd .ekSu w¿;a yd kùk jqjla kuz th fmr

uq,dY%fha fldgila fkdfjzX idudkHfhka fmagkagz

wh\quzm; uq,a jrg mqrjk ,o oskg fmr isg

f,dj mqrd uyck;djg jsjD;j we;X wod,

;dÌKsl oekqu fmr uq,dY% .khg wh;a fjzX

thg fjk;a lreKq fmagkagz" fmagkagz wh\quzm;a

iy fmagkagz fkdjk Ydia;%Sh ,shlshjs,s hkdosh

we;=,;a fjzX

fmr uQ,dY% i|yd jk ksrAjpkh rglska rglg

fjkia fjhssX fndfyda rgj, fmr uQ,dY% .khg

,shlshjs,s yryd, jdpslj, m%orAYkh fyda

uyck;djg wkdjrKh jq f;dr;=re we;=,;ahX

tfia jqj;a uq,slj jsoHd m%ldYkhl m<jq kj

fidhd .ekSula iuq¿jla yryd th m%orAYkh"

jdKsc jYfhka fhdojd .ekSu fyda iud.ul

jHdmdr jsia;r m;%sldj we;=,;a lsrSu ksid

jHjia:d lreKqj, olajd we;s fidhd .ekSul

we;s kj;djh ke;s fõ. ;jo th fmagkagz

fkdlrk ,oaola f,i;a ie,lSu is\qfjhsX fmagkagz

wh\quzm; msrjSug fmr tys wvx.= lreKq w;a

jeroSulska wkdjrKh jSu j,lajd .ekSu b;d

jeo.;a fjzX fmr uq,dY%j, wvx.=j we;af;a l=ulao

hkak yªkd.ekSu i|yd olaI fmagkagz

ksfhdacs;fhl=f.a iyh ,nd .ekSu b;d jeo.;ahX

fndfyda fmr uq,dY%j, ryia hkakg m%ldY

fkdlrk ,o fmagkagz wh\quzm; u.ska miqj

m%ldYhg kshñ; lreKq hkdosh we;=,;a fõX

Tnf.a fidhd .ekSu kj fjkilg mshjrla

nj i,l=Kq ,nkafka ljr osk isg o @lsishï ;dlaIKsl fÌa;%hla ;=, mqyqKqjla ,nd

we;s flfkl=g ksrdhdifhkau ysusjk wjfndaOh

;=,ska we;s jk fidhd .ekSula kj ksrAudKhla

fkdfjzX kj ksrAudKhla jSu i|yd th

ksrdhdifhkau fmkajk fohla fkdj"

ksrAudKd;ajl mshjr .Kkdjla miqfldg

ksrAudKh jq iqúfYaIs; jqjla úh hq;=hsX

iqúfYaIs; kj ksrAudKhla ms<sn| uq,OrAuh u.ska

ksrudKYs,s ksmehqula fidhd.;a nj fmagkagz

n,m;%hla m %odkh lsrSu u.ska i;H jYfhkau

;yjqre lrhsX tfiau tu ksrAudKh idudkHh

Ys,amSh oekqula iys; flfkl= úiska oekgu;a

mj;sk ;dlaIKh wkqj fidhd.;a fohla fkdúh

hq;=hXWod: we;euz rgj,os kj fidhd.ekSuz bosrsm;a jkjsg tajd kj fidhd .ekSula f,i ms<s.; fkdyelsnjg Widjsh u.ska ;SrKh ,ndoS we;XNdKavhl m%udKh iq¿ jYfhka fjkia lsrSu,NdKavh myiqfjka /f.k hd yels f,i fjkialsrSu, NdKavfha fldgia fjkia lsrSSu,ksIamdokhg fhdod .kakd øjHh fjkia lsrSu,l%shdj,sfha tla fldgilg muKla wdfoaYlyªkajd oSuX

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ms,ajd kuz fl%dataIshdkq iud.u frda. m%;sfrdaOk

i|yd fmagkagz ,nd.;a w;r Tjqka jsiska ta yryd

fvd,rA us,shk jsYd, m%udKhla Wmhk ,oSX tfia

lsrSug yelsjQfha úYd, úfoaYSh T!IO iud.uz

iuÕ we;s lr.;a idrA:l n,m;% .kqfokq u.sksX

“ldrAñl fhojqula i|yd iq\qiq ùu” hkafkkawoyia fjkafka l=ulao@kj fidhd .ekSula fmagkagz lsrSug fhda.H jkafka

tu kj fidhd .ekSu ldrAñl fyda jHdmdrsl

lghq;a;la i|yd Ndjs;hg yelshdj we;s úgoShX

tu kj fidhd .ekSu kHdhd;aul lreKq j,g

muKla iSud fkdjS thska m%dfhda.sl jYfhkao

jdisodhl ;;aajhka ;sìh hq;= fjzX ldrAñl hk

jpkfhka mq¿,a woyila .uH jk w;r mQrAK

f,i nqoaêuh fohlska fyda fi!kaorAhd;aul

lghq;a;la iy lDIsldrAñl wxYfhka mrsNdysrj

we;s fohla woyia fjzX we;euz rgj, ldrAñl

Ndú;dj fjkqjg Ndú;d lrk ksrAkdhl jkafka

Wmfhda.s;dj fyj;a Ndú;fhka fld;ruz

m%fhdackhla ,efnhso hkakhsX fmagkagz whÿuzm;

iuzmQrAK lrk jsgoS wod, kj fidhd .ekSfuka

,efnk m%fhdack yªkd f.k ke;s tkuz cdkuh

mruzmrd iuznkaO fidhd .ekSuz i|yd jk

fmagkagz lsrsfuzoS Ndjs;fhka ,efnk m%fhdack b;d

jeo.;ahX

wkdjrKh lsrSfuz wjYH;;dj hkq l=ulao@jsfYaI ;dlaIKsl wxYhla hgf;a huz

mqoa.,hl=f.a yelshdjka wkqj lrk ,o kj

fidhd .ekSula fmagkagz wh\quzm; iuzmQrAK lrk

wjia:dfjzos b;d meyeos,sj yd mqrAK jYfhka

wkdjrKh l< hq;= njg fndfyda rgj, fmagkaÜ

iuznkaO kS;srS;s j,g we;=,;a fjzX tfiau we;euz

rgj, fmagkagz kS;s hgf;a kj fidhd .ekSï

m%fhda.slj ls%hd;aul lsrSu i|yd wjYH lrk

b;du jeo.;a l%uh wkdjrKh l, hq;= nj

i|yka fjzX Ìqø jsoHd iuznkaO fmagkagz

lghq;=j,oS thg iuznkaO ms<s.;a wdh;khla

jsiska ta nj ;yjqre l, hq;= fjzX

13

cSj jsoHdjka yd iuznkaO fmagkagz n,m;%( uE; ld,fhaos cSj jsoHdjkag wod, fmagkagz n,m;%

ixLHdfjz jsYd, jrAOkhla fukau rgj,a w;r cSj

jsoHdjg wkql+,j fmagkagz n,m;% ksl=;a lsrSu

ms<sn|j jsjsO fjkialuzo olakg ,efnzX fndfyda

rgj,a Ìqø cSùkag wod, kj ksrAudK iuznkaO

fmagkagz n,m;% ksl=;a lsrSug wjir oS we;X

fndfyda rgj, Ìqø cSùka ms<sn| ksrAudKhkays

iduzm,a ;ekam;a lsrSug myiqluz fhdod we;s w;r

tjeks ;ekam;a lsrSfuz wdh;ko yªkdf.k we;X

;ju;a iuzmqrAKfhkau Ndjs;djg fkdf.k fyda

ck cSjs;hg we;=,;ajS ke;s Ìqø cSkaf.a

iduzm,hlao fujeks .nvdj, ;ekam;a lr we;X

fndfyda rgj, YdL jrA. iy i;ajhka, fmagkagz

n,m;% ysusluska bj;a lr we;X flfia fj;;a

fujeks rgj,a mjd ;dlaIKsl l%shd moaO;shla

wkqj ksIamdokh lrk ,o fyda iajNdúl

mrsirhlska bj;a fldg iqmsrsis\q l, cSjuh uq,dY%

yd wuqøjH j,g fmagkagz n,m;% ,nd foaX foaYSh

jHdjia:djka u.ska fmagkaÜ l, fkdyels jsfYaIs;

ksrAudK ,ehsia;= .; fldg we;X Wod: ukqIHhska

laf,dakShlrKh lsrSu fyda udkjhdg iuznkaO

cdk fjkia lsrSug fmagkagz n,m;% ksl=;a lrkq

fkd,efnzX we;euz rgj, w¿;a YdL jrA. ms<sn|

iuzuq;sfha jsOs jsOdk j,g wkqj wdrÌKh i,id

we;X we;euz jsg foaYSh fmagkagz l%uh yd

cd;Hhka;r iuzuq;sfha jsOs jsOdk hk foflysu

iuzusY%Kh wkqj wdrÌKh i,id we;X

^www.upov.int fjí wvjsh n,kak&

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fmagkagz wdrlaIKh u.ska ,efnk whs;sjdisluz

fudkjdo@kj fidhd .ekSulg fmagkagz whs;sh ysusjSfuka

miqj tu kj fidhd .ekSu wksl=;a mdrAYjhka

jsiska jdKscuh jYfhka Ndjs;d lsrSu

j,lajd,Sug fmagkagz ysuslreg whs;sh ysusfjhsX

tfiau fmagkagz ysuslref.a wjirhlska f;drj

fjk;a mdrAYjhka jsiska kj fidhd .ekSu

wdY%fhka huz ksIamdokhla lsrSu, Ndjs;d lsrSu,wf,js lsrSu, tu ksIamdok fyda ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh

jslsKSu fyda wdkhkh j,lajd,Sfuz whs;sh fuhg

we;=,;ahX

fuysos b;d jeo.;a lreKla jkafka fmagkagz

ysuslreg kj fidhd .ekSu ksoyfia Ndjs;hg fyda

ta ;=, we;s ;dlaIKh wkjYH f,i jdis .ekSug

fhdod .ekSug whs;sh ysus fkdjk njhs' tu.sska

ysusjk whs;sh jkafka" th wksl=;a mdrAYjhka

jsiska Ndjs;d lsrSu j,lajd,Su muKsX fuu

;;a;ajh yªkd .ekSu wiSre ishquz wjia:djla fjzX

tu ksid fmagkagz wdrlaIKh .ek ukd

wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu iy oekg mj;sk jsjsO

fmagkagz iuÕ tlsfkl iuznkaO jkafka flfiao

hkak .ek wjfndOhla ,eîu w;HjYHh fjzX

flfia jqj;a wksl=;a mdrAYjhka whs;ska jsiska

Tnf.a fmagkagz .; kj fidhd .ekSu kej;

is\qjSu, wdjrKhjSu, W!kmqrAKhla is\qjSug

yelshdj we;X fuz ksid Tnf.a fmagkagz .; kj

fidhd .ekSu jdKscHuh jYfhka fhdod .eksug

fmr wksl=;a whf.a kj fidhd .eksï i|yd

n,m;% ^,hsika& ,nd .ekSu wjYH fjzX

tfiau we;euz kj fidhd .eksuz ^T!IO iuznkaOj&

jdKscHuh jYfhka fhdod .ekSug fmr fjk;a

wjirhka ,nd .ekSu wjYH fjzX Wod(- wod,

kS;s.; wdh;k fj;ska wf,jsh i|yd wkque;sh

,nd .ekSuX

kj ksuejquzlre hkq ljfrlao@ fmagkagz whs;sh

ysus jkafka ljfrl=go@

kj fidhd .ekSu ksmojq ;eke;a;d kj

ksmehquzlre f,i yªkajk w;r mqoa.,hl= ^fyda

wdh;khla& wh\quzm;la bosrsm;a l, jsg Tyq

fmagkagz wh\quzlre, ysuslre, orkakd f,i yªkajd

osh yelsh’ iuyr wjia:dj,oS ksmehquzlreu

fmagkagz wh\quzlreo fjzX fuh tlsfklg fjkia

wjia:d folloS is\qfjzX tkuz fndfyda jsg iud.u

fyda mrSÌKh is\qlrk wdh;kh wh\quzlre jk

w;r fiajlhd ksmehquzlrefjzX my; lreKq fuz

ms<sn| jevs\qr wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug

m%fhdackj;a fjzX

fiajlhska jsiska is\qlrkq ,nk kj fidhd

.ekSuzX fndfyda rgj, fiajdodhlhd

^yduzmq;d& hgf;a is\qlrkq ,nk kj fidhd

.ekSuz fiajdodhlhd i;= fjzX kuq;a we;euz

rgj, fuz lreKq ms<sn|j fiajl .sjsiqfuz

i|ykaj ;snsh hq;=hX we;euz wjia:dj,oS ^Wod(

fiajl .sjsiqula ke;sjsg& kj ksmehquzlreg

kj fidhd .ekSu m%fhdackhg .; yels kuq;a

th wNHka;r lghq;= i|yd fhdod .ekSug

fiajdodhlhdg wkkHjq whs;shla ,ndoS we;X

^fuh 'Shop Rights' f,i yªkajhs&X fuz

iuznkaOj Tnf.a rg ;=, mj;sk kS;s

;;ajhka .ek wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu;a

wkd.; wrAnqoldrS wjia:d u. yrjd .ekSu

i|yd fiajlhska jsiska lrkq ,nk kj fidhd

.ekSuzys whs;sh iuznkaOj fiajl .sjsiqug

we;=,;a lsrSu;a jeo.;a fjzX

iajdOSk kj ksmehquzlrejka” fndfyda rgj,

iud.uz jsiska jsfYaIfhka kj fidhd .ekSuz

whs;sh ;ud fj; ;yjqre lr .ksuska

ksIamdok fyda ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh iuznkaO

kj fidhd .ekSuz lsrSu i|yd ndysr iajdOSk

fldka;%d;alrejka iuÕ b.súiqï we;slr .kS

kuq;a fldka;%d;alre yd iud.u w;r kj

fidhd .eksfuz whs;sh ms<sn|j l,ska we;slr

.;a .sjsiqula fkdue;s kuz fldka;%d;alreg

Tyqf.a fiajh fjkqfjka f.jSuz lr ;snqKo

kj fidhd .ekSu ms<sn|j fmd\q whs;shla

iud.ug ysus fkdfjzX

yjq,a kj ksmehquzlrejka’ kj ksmehqula

lsrSug ixl,amuh jYfhka fyda ksIamdokuh

jYfhka ie,lsh hq;= odhl;ajhla lrk ,o

tla mqoa.,hl=g jevs msrsila isgsk jsgoS Tjqka

yjq,a ksmehquzzlrejka f,i ye|skafjzX ta nj

fmagkagz wh\quzmf;ao olajd we;X fudjqka

wh\quzlrejkao jk w;r fmagkagz

ysusldrS;ajh Tjqka ish¿ fokdgu ysus fjzX

yjq,a ysuslrejka’ tla mqoa.,hl= fyda

mqoa.,hska lsysmfofkl= i;= fmagkagz whs;sh

j,x.= lsrSu fyda Wmfhdackh iuznkaOj we;s

kS;suh ;;a;ajhka rglska rglg fjkia fõX

we;euz wjia:dj,oS fmagkagz whs;sh ysus iu

yjq,alrejl= fkdisgsh yels w;r fyda wksl=;a

ish¿u iu yjq,alrejkaf.a leue;a; rys;j

jk W,a,x>Khka i|yd ;=kajk mdrAYjhlg

kS;suh mshjr .; yelshsX

15

msrslaiquz ,ehsia;= idrdxYhTnf.a fidhd .ekSu fmagkagz l<hq;=o@

fmagkaÜ ysusldrS;ajh ,enSfuka jk m%fhdack

.ek ie,ls,su;ajkakX fjk;a jsl,am

iuznkaOj wjOdkh fhduq lrkakX ^ryiH

nj$ Ndjs; fudv,, fjk;a& iy jshouz$

m%;s,dN jsYaf,aIKhla lrkakX Tn jsiska

.kq ,enqfha ksjeros ;SrKhlao hkak ms<sn|j

jvd fyd| wjfndaOhla ,enSu i|yd my;

olajd we;s fmagkagz iuznkaO f;dr;=re

lshjkakX

Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSug fmagkagz ,nd .;

yelso@

fmagkagz lsrSug wod, l%ufjzoh yªkd.kak,Tnf.a rg ;=<oS fmagkagz lsrSug yels wxY

ms<sn| lreKq fidhd .kak ta iu.u fmr

uq,dY% ms<sn| iuSlaIKhla lrkakX ^my;

wxY n,kak&

kj fidhd .ekSuz iuznkaOj we;s whs;Ska

ms<sn|j jk lreKqj, meyeos,s nj .ek

ie,ls,su;a jkakX

tkuz kj fidhd .ekSfuz whs;sh iud.u, tys

fiajlhska iy kj fidhd .ekSu lsrSug

uQ,Huh fyda ;dÌKsl f,i odhl;ajh oelajq

jHdmdrsl yjq,alrejka hk mdrAYjhka w;r

flfia fnoS hkafka o hk lreKqhsX

.; fkdlrk ,o jsIh moaO; tkuz ;dÌKsl yd

jsoHd;aul m%ldYk, jsIh hka;, iuq¿ jdrA:d

igyka" ksnkaOk, fjnz wvj, iud.uz jsia;r

m;s%ld fj<| m%ldYk iy mqj;am;a m%ldYk

wdjrKh jk fia mq¿,a l, hq;=h’

fmagkagz f;dr;=re o;a; .nvd? hkq talrdYs

lrk ,o ;dÌKsl f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug we;s

woajs;Sh udOHhla fjzX jsjsO iud.uz jsiska fuu

f;dr;=re ish Wmdh udrA.sl jHdmdr ie,iquz

ieliSug bjy,a lr .kS’ fndfyda kj

ksIamdokhka fj<|m,g msjsiSug fndfyda l,lg

fmr yd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,o fmagkagz

wh\quzm;a yd ta iuznkaOj jrA;udk mrAfhaIK

yd fidhd .ekSuz .ek wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug

jeo.;a fjzX ´kEu iud.ula mrAfhaIK yd

ixjrAOk lghq;= j,oS w;HjYH fhojquz f,i

fmagkagz iuSÌK fhdod .ekSu is\q lrhsX

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2. fmagkagz n,m;%h ,nd .kafkaflfiao@

ljr ia:dkhlska wdruzN l< hq;=o@idudkHfhka .; hq;= m<uq mshjr jkafka fmr

uq,dY% jsurAIKhla lsrSuhsX f,dj mqrd us,shk 40

lg jevs fmagkagz ,ndoSuz fukau w;s jsYd,

m%udKhlska jq uqøs; m%ldYKhka ;=, Tnf.a

fmagkagz whs;sh j,lajd,k fmr uq,dY% meje;sh

yels ksid fï ms<sn| ie,lsh hq;= wjOdkula

mj;SX we;eï jsg fuu ksrAfoaYhka Tnf.a fidhd

.ekSula fkdjk njg ;yjqre lsrsSfuka Tnf.a

kj fidhd .ekSu fmagkagz ,nd oSug kqiq\qiq njg

;yjqre jsh yelshsX

fmr uq,dY% iuSÌKhla lsrSfuka fmagkagz

wh\quzm;la i|yd Tn lrk wOsl jshou j,lajd

.; yelshX fmr uQ,dY% iuSÌKhka wod, fmagkagz

fmagkagz iuznkaO o;a; .nvd jsurAYkfhawe;s jeo.;alukj fidhd .ekSula fmagkagz .; lsrSug yelso

hkak jsuid ne,Sug wu;rj ld,Sk yd M,odhs

f,i fmagkagz iuznkaOj o;a; .nvd jsuid ne,su

fyj;a .fjzIKh u.ska my; jsIhhka iuznkaO

f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug yelshdj ,efnhsX

jrA;udk yd wkd.; ;r.Zlrejkaf.a

mrAfhaIK yd ixjrAOk lghq;= iuznkaO

ls%hdldrluz;

tla tla ;dÌKsl lafIa;%j, jrA;udk

m%jk;d;

n,m;% j,g wod, ;dÌKhka ;b,lal iemhquzkrejka, jHdmdrsl

yjq,alrejka fyda mrAfhaIK udOH;foaYsh fyda jsfoaYsh jYfhka mj;akd ,dNodhs

fj<|m, wjia:d;wka mdrAYjhkaf.a fmagkagz whs;Ska Tnf.a

ksIamdokh jsiska W,a,x>Kh fkdlrk nj

;yjqrelr .ekSu ^ls%hd;aul ksoyi&;l,a bl=;ajq ;dÌKsl f;dr;=re;mj;sk ;dÌKhla mokuz lrf.k lsrsug

yels kj ixjrAOk lghq;=.

17

fmr uq,dY% jsuisula lrkafka ljria:dkhlskao@ iy flfiao@fmagkagz yd fmagkagz wh\quzm;a m%ldYhg m;a

lrk fndfyda fmagkagz ldrAHhd,j, f;dr;=re

wka;rAcd,h iuÕ iuznkaOj mj;SX ta wkqj fmr

uq,dY% jsuiSula lsrSu b;d myiq ldrAHhlsX

fmagkagz iuznkaO f;dr;=re we;=,;a o;a; .nvd

iys; cd;Hhka;r fmagkagz ldrAHhd, j,

,ehsia;=jla wipo.int/ipdl/en/resources/links.jsphk fjnz wvjsfhka ,nd .; yelshX uSg wu;rj

wjYH f;dr;=re cd;sl fmagkagz iuznkaO

ldrAHhd, j,ska fmagkagz jsuid ne,Su wod, fiajd

.dia;= f.jSfuka ,nd.; yelshsX

wka;rAcd,h fya;=fjka fmagkagz f;dr;=re

,nd.ekSu b;d myiq ldrAHhla jS we;s w;r tfia

fkdue;s kuz .=Kd;aul njska hq;= f;dr;=re ,nd

.ekSu b;d wiSre ldrAHhla fjzX fmagkagz iuznkaO

cd;Hka;r fmagkagz jrA.SlrKhcd;Hhka;r fmagkagz jrA.SlrKh (IPC) hkq

fmagkagz f,aLK jrA.SlrKh iy jsurAIkh

i|yd wkqms<sfj, iys;j ieliq jrA.SlrKhlsX

tfiau th fmagkagz f,aLK l%udKql=,j ilia

lrk" kuz lrk ,o ;dÌKhka jsurAYkh lrk

WmlrKhla f,io Ndjs;d fjzX cd;Hhka;r

fmagkagz jrA.SlrKfha y;ajk m%ldYkh wxY 8

lg fnod we;s w;r th mka;s 120 lg" Wm mka;s

628 lg iy wju jYfhka lKavdhuz 69"000 lg

jrA. lr we;:

A. udkqIsl wjYH;d;B. ls%hdlrluz" .ukd.uk;C. ridhk jsoHdj" f,day jsoHdj;D. frosms<s" lvodis;E. ia:sr f.dvke.Suz;F. hdka;%sl bxcsfkare" wdf,dalkh" ;dmkh;G. fN!;sl jsoHdj;H. js\q,s ldrAusl .

fuz jk jsg rgj,a 100 lg wOsl m%udKhlaTjqkaf.a fmagkagz f;dr;=re jrA.SlrKh i|ydcd;Hhka;r fmagkagz jrA.SlrKh Ndjs;d lrhsX

www.wipo.int/classifications/en/ipc/index.html

f;dr;=re ixlSrAK yd wmyeos,s njlska hq;= jk

w;r jD;aSsh ugzgfuz Wiia fmagkagz f;dr;=re

jsuid ne,Sula i|yd ie,lsh hq;= oekqula iy

jsfYaI{;djla wjYH fjzX fmagkagz iuznkaO

m%d:usl f;dr;=re wka;rAcd,h Tiafia ,nd

.;a;o fndfyda iud.uz Tjqkaf.a m%Odk jHdmdrsl

;SrK i|yd wod, fmagkagz f;dr;=re ^fmagkagz

i|yd wh\quz lrkafkao@ ke;so@& jD;a;Sh ugzgfuz

fmagkagz jsfYaI{hl=f.a fyda kjSk wxYj,ska hq;=

jdKsc o;a; .nvd Tiafia ,nd .ekSu is\q lrhsX

m%Odk jpk fmagkagz jrA.SlrK fyda jsurAYkh

jrA.SlrK mokuz uq,dY% jsurAYkh lsrSug

yelshsX fhdod.kakd jsurAYK WmdhudrA. Ndjs;d

lrk jrA.SlrK l%uh jsurAYkh lrk

mqoa.,hdf.a ;dÌKsl yelshdj iy Ndjs; lrk

fmagkagz iuznkaO o;a; .nvdj u; fmr uq,dY%

jsurAYkh r|d mj;SX

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fmagkagz wdrÌd lsrSula i|yd wh\quzlrkafka flfiao@fmr uq,dY% jsurAYKh lsrSfuka miqj fmagkagz

wdrÌd lsrSu ms<sn| ;SrKh fidhd ne,Su lr

cd;sl fyda m%dfoaYsh ugzgfuz wod, fmagkagz

ldrAHhd,hla fj; iuzmqrAK lrk ,o fiajd

wh\qusm; Ndrosh hq; =fjzX kj fidhd .ekSu

ms<sn| iuzmqrAK jsia;rhla fmagkagz b,a,quz lrk

lafIa;% jmirsh l=ulao@ hkak ms<sn|" rEm igyka

yd Wmqgd .eksuz hkdosh fmagkagz wh\quzmlg

we;=,;ahX ^fmagkagz wh\quzm; jevs jsia;r i|yd

msgq wxl 24 n,kak& we;euz fmagkagz ldrAHhd,

wka;rAcd,h Tiafia fmagkagz wh\quzm; ndrosh

yelsh’ tfiau we;euz rgj, jD;a;Suh fmagkagz

wh\quzm; msrjSu i|yd jsl,am udrA. ilid oS

we;X ^msgq wxl 23 n,kak&

idudkHfhka wh\quzm; msrjSu Tnf.a wNs,dYhka

ksfhdackh lrk fmagkagz kS;s{hl= fyda fmagkagz

ksfhdacs;hl= jsiska is\q lrhsX bosrs msgqfjz olajd

we;s fldgqj ;=, wh\quzm; msrjSu iuznkaO

ls%hdj,sfha mshjr ir,j jsia;r lr we;X fuu

l%shdj,sh rgska rgg fjkia fjzX tnejska fmagkagz

mgsmdgsh iy wod, .dia;= ms<sn| kj;u

f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug Tnf.a rfgz fmagkagz

ldrAHhd,h fyda fmagkagz kS;s wdh;kh iuÕ

iuznkaOjSu fhda.H fjzX

wka;rAcd;sl wh\quzm; wxlPCT/DE2003/003510 jdhq nE.h iys; fudagrAr: iqlaldku

19

wh\quzm; iuznkaO ls%hdj,sh - ir,jmshjfrka mshjrfmagkagz ldrAHhd,h jsiska fmagkagz ,ndoSfuzoS

wkq.ukh lrk mshjr tlsfklg fjkia fjzX

tfia jqj;a mq¿,aj idlpzPd lrk jsgoS th iudk

wdldrhla .kq ,nhsX

úêu;a mrsÌKh( fmagkagz ldrAhd, úiska

fmagkagz iuznkaO mrsmd,k wjYH;d yd

kshuhka iuzmqrAK lr we;so hkak fidhd

n,hsX ^Wod( wjYH f,aLK we;=,;a o yd wod,

.dia;= f.jd we;so hk nj&

jsurAYKh: fndfyda rgj, fmagkagz ldrAhd,

úiska fmr uq,dY% ms<sn| úurAYkhla lrk

w;r tu.ska wod, lafIa;%h ;=, fuu fidhd

.ekSug iuznkaO fmr uq,dY% jdrA;djla ,nd

.kshs’ b,a,quz lrk ,o kj fidhd .ekSu yd

fmr uq,dY% iuÕ ieioSu is\qlsrSu i|yd fuu

jdrA;dj Ndjs;d lrhsX

ikd: lrk mrsÌK : fuu mrSÌKfha

m%Odk;u wruqK jkafka wh\quzm; fmagkagz

lsrSug iuznkaO uq,sl wjYH;d imqrd we;so

hkak jsuid ne,SuhsX fuh iEu fmagkagz

ldrAhd,hlgu ,efnk b,a,Sulg wkqj tu

fmagkagz ldrAhd, jsiska is\q lrhsX mrSÌKfha

m%:sm, ,sLs;j b,a,quzlreg fyda kS;s{hdg

,ndfok w;r tu.ska fuz iuznkaOj woyia

m%ldY lsrSug fyda mrSÌKh w;r;=r jq

m%;sjsreoaO;d bj;a lr.ekSug wjia:dj ysus

fjzX fuu l%shdj,sh b,a,quz lrk lafIa;%

jmirsh u; mokuz fjz’

m%ldYKh ( fndfyda rgj,a fmagkagz wh\quzm;

iuzmqrAKlr ndr\qka osk isg udi 18 la ;=,oS

fmagkagz wh\quzm; m%ldYhg m;a lrhsX

tfiau fmagkagz iy;slh msrskeuSfuka miqj

fmagkagz ldrAhd,h úiskao th m%ldYhg m;a

lrhsX

m%Odkh ( mrSÌK yryd ,efnk wjika

jdrA;dj wjYH lreKq imqrd we;sjsg fmagkagz

ldrAhd,h jsiska fmagkagz ,nd fok w;r

fmagkagz iy;slh msrskeuSu is\q lrhsX

jsreoaO;d ( fndfyduhla fmagkagz ldrAhd,

jsiska msrskuk ,o fmagkagz iy;slh i|yd

;=kajk mdrAYjhlska m%;sjsfrdaO;d we;skuz

bosrsm;a lsrSug ld,hla yd wjia:djla ,nd

fokq ,efnzX Wod-: fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh

,nd\qka fidhd .ekSu kj fidhd .ekSula

fkdjk jsgoS fuu m%;sjsfrdaO;d bosrsm;a lsrSu

kshus; ld, mrdihka ;=, fmagkagz msrskeóug

fmr fyda miq l, hq;= fjz'

fmagkagz wh\quz m;%h f.dkq lsrSu

jsOsu;a mrslaIdj

wh\quz m;%h m%isoaO lsrSu

fidaosis yd ;yjqre mrSlaId

m%odkh yd m%isoaO lsrSu

jsfrdaO;d mgsmdgsh

we;eï fmagkagz ldrAhd, j, by; j.=j

fmagkagz ,ndosfï mgsmdgska i\+yd fhdod .efkaX

fuu mgsmdgsh ldrAhd,fhka ldrAhd,hg fjkia

fjsX

kj fidhd .eksula fmagkagz lsrSugfldmuK uqo,la jeh fjzo@fmagkagz lsrSug jeh jk uqo, rglska rglg

fjkia fjzX th tla rgla ;=,os kj fidhd .ekSfuz

iajNdjh" ixlSrAK nj, kS;s{ .dia;=, wh\quzmf;a

m%udKh, mrSÌK ld,h ;=,oS fmagkagz ldrAhd,h

fj; ,enqKq jsreoaO;d m%udKh hk lreKq u;

;SrKh fjzX ta ksid fmagkagz ,nd .ekSug fmr

th iuznkaOj jk jshouz ms<sn|j ukd

wjfndaOhla ,nd ;snSu b;d jeo.;a fjzX

fmr uq,dY% jsurAYk i|yd jsfYaIfhkau Tn

jsfYaI{hl=f.a iyh ,nd .kafka kuz ta i|yd

kshus; .dia;=jla we;X;

tfiau rglska rglg fjkia jk ldrAhd,

ugsgfuz wh\quzm;a msrjSfuz .dia;= we;X wod,

cd;sl fyda m%dfoaYSh fmagkagz ldrAhd, fj;ska

.dia;= ms<sn| jsia;r ,nd .; yelshsX we;euz

ldrAhd, fj;ska iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK

jHdmdrslhskag iy wka;rAcd,h yryd

wh\quzm;a mqrjk wh\quzlrejka i|yd jgzguz

myiqluz ,nd fohsX we;euz rgj,oS mrsÌK

lvskuz lr .ekSu i|yd .dia;= l%u o yªkajd

oS we;’

Tn fmagkagz ksfhdacs;hl= $ kS;s{hl=f.a iyh

,nd .kshs kuz ^WodyrK f,i fmagkagz

lsrsfuz wjYH;d ms<sn| woyia .ekSu, wh\quzm;

ieliSu, o< igyka ieliSu, fmagkagz

ldrAhd,h iu.Z mj;ajk rdcldrs .kqfokq

wdosh& Tng wu;r .dia;=jla jeh lsrSug

is\qfjhsX;

fmagkagz ldrAhd,h jsiska Tng fmagkagz

ysusldrS;ajh ,nd \qka jsg th mj;ajd

.ekSug" w¿;a lsrSu i|yd Tn jdrAIsl

.dia;=jla f.jsh hq;= fjz;

Tn jsfoaYSh fmagkagz iy;slhla ,end .ekSug

;SrKh l, fyd;a tysoS wod, ldrAhd,

ugzgfuz we\quzm;a msrjSfuz .dia;, mrsjrA;k

.dia;+, tu rfgz fmagkagz ksfhdacs;hdf.a

.dia;= f.jSug is\q fjzX ^TskEu rgl jsfoaYSh

wh\quzlrefjl=g fuu wjYH;djh imqrd,Sug

is\qfjz’&

we;euz jsg fmagkagz ,nd .kafka Ìqø jsoHdj

iuznkaO fidhd .ekSulg kuz ta i|yd

ms<s.;a wdh;khl ;ekam;= wh\quzm;a msrjSu

yd wod, mrSÌK iuznkaO .dia;= f.jSu

w;HjYHfjzX

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OAPI fmagkagz wxl 40893 YrSr wNHka;r reOsrh

.e,Sula is\qjk wjia:djlos Ndjs;dl, yels

WmlrKhlsX fidhd .ekSfuz ksrAud;Djrhd

jkafka khscSrshdkq cd;sl ffjoH Tjsfuda Tjdvzcs

miqj fuh EAT SET bkaviag%Sia yd *rAiagz fuvsl,a

wekavz iags,a m%vlagzia hgf;a fj<|m,g yªkajd fokq

,ensKsX

Tn fmagkagz wh\quzm;la Ndrosh hq;af;aflosklo@

idudkHfhka fmagkagz wh\quzm; msrjSu i|yd

wjYH lrk ish¿u f;dr;=re ,nd f.k we;s jsg

fmagkagz i|yd wh\quz lsrSu jvd;a fhda.H fjzX

flfia jqj;a wh\quzm; NdroSug iq\qiqu ld,h

l=ulao hkak ;SrKh lsrSu i|yd jeo.;a jk

lreKq lsysmhla ms<sn|j i,ld ne,sh hq;=h' tajd

kuz(

f,dj mqrd fndfyda rgj,a fmagkagz ,ndoSu

is\qlrkafka wh\quzm;a ndr\qka wkqms<sfj,

wkqjhsX ^msgq wxl 22 n,kak&X wh\quz lr we;s

kj fidhd .ekSu wka mdrAYjhla jsiska lrk

,o kj fidhd .ekSula jqjo m<uq wh¥ïlreg

m%uql;ajh ysñ fõ'

fmagkagz b,a,quz lrk ksuejqu i|yd uq,HdOdr

fidhd .ekSug iy fj<|m,g ksl=;a lsrSug

fmr wjirm;a ,nd .ekSfuzoS wh\quzm;a m<uqj

NdroSfuz jdish w;a fjzX

wod, fmagkagz ldrAhd,h jsiska fmagkagz

ysusluz ,nd oSfuka miqj idudkHfhka th

j,x.= ;;a;ajhg m;a fjzX we;euz jsg thg

jir lsysmhla .; jsh yelshsX ^msgq wxl 26

n,kak&

Tn kj fidhd .ekSula l, jsgoS thg fmagkagz

,nd .ekSug lvskuz jSu t;ruz fhda.H ke;X

thg my; fya;= n,mdkq ,efnzX

Tn b;d blaukska wh\quzm;a NdroSfuka miqj

Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSug kj fjkialuz

is\ql,fyd;a tu fjkialuz uq,a wh\quzm;g

we;=,;a lsrSug yelshdjla fkdue;X

Tnf.a wh\quzm; tla rgl fyda tla l,dmSh

rgl fmagkagz ldrAhd,hlg ,ndoSfuka miqj"

tu osk isg Tnf.a jHdmdrsl Wkka\qj we;s

wksl=;a ish¿u rgj, fmagkagz ldrAhd, fj;

tu fidhd.ekSu i|ydu fmagkagz wh\quzm;a

NdroSug udi 12 l ld, mrspzfPaohla fjka

fldg we;X ^msgq wxl 30 n,kak& kuq;a fuh

we;euz jsg jsjsO rgj, wod, wh\quz yd

kv;a;= .dia;= f.jSu iud.ug wOsl jshoula

fjzX fuh ;rula \qrg ,sys,a lr .ekSu i|yd

fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu (Patent

Cooperation Treaty - PCT) Ndjs;d l,

yelshsX tysos mrsjrA;k .dia;=, cd;sl

ugzgfuz jsjsO .dia;= f.jSï udi 30l ld,hla

i|yd l,a oud .ekSfuz yelshdj ,efnzX ^msgq

wxl 32 yd 33 n,kak&

fmaagkagz wh\qïm; Ndrfok ld,h ;SrKh

lsrSfuzoS kj fidhd .ekSu wkdjrKhg fmr wod,

fmagkagz wh\qqïm; NdroSu jeo.;afjzX flfia

fj;;a wh\quzm; NdroSug fmr we;euz jsg kj

fidhd .ekSu ms<sn| wkdjrKh l,hq;= wjia:d o

we;sfjzX ^fj<|m, mrSÌK" wdfhdaclhska yd

jHdmdr yjq,alrejka iuÕ lghq;= lsrSfuzoS& tysos

wksjdrAHfhkau wod, mdrAYjhka iuÕ ryiHuh

fyda wkdjrKh fkdlsrSfï .sjsiqulg we;=,;ajSu

jeo.;ahX

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fmagkagz wh\quzm; NdroSug fmr kj fidhd.ekSu ryis.; njska ;nd .ekSu fld;ruz\qrg jeo.;ao@Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSug fmagkagz ,nd .ekSug

woyia lrhs kuz fmagkagz wh\quzm; NdroSug fmr

tys ryiH nj wdrÌd lr .ekSu w;HjYHfjzX

jsjsO ;;a;ajhka hgf;a fuh uyck;djg

wkdjrKh jqjfyd;a fyda wod, kS;sh u.ska Tng

iyk ld,hla ,nd fkd\qka jsg fyda Tnf.a kj

fidhd .ekSu kjH jQjla fkdjk nj;a th

fmagkagz .ekSug kqiq\qiq jQjla nj ;SrKh ùug

bv we;X ^msgq wxl 23 n,kak&

tu ksid kj ksmehquzlrejka, mrSÌlhsk, iud.uz

;u kj ksmehqu iuznkaO ryiH nj /l.ekSug

Wkka\q jSu jeo.;ahX tfia fkdue;s jqjfyd;a th

kj fidhd .ekSug fmagkagz ksl=;a lsrSug kqiq\qiq

njg fya;=jla jsh yelshsX

m<uqj wh\quzm; NdroSu iy m<uqj kjfidhd .ekSula lsrSufndfyda rgj, m<uqj fmagkagz wh\quzm; bosrsm;a

lrk ;eke;a;dg fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ,ndfohsX

kuq;a tlai;a ckmofha Ndjs;d jk l%uh fuhg

jvd fjkiahX tysoS m<uqj wh\quzm; Ndrfok

mqoa.,hdg fkdj m<uqj kj fidhd .ekSu l,

mqoa.,hdg fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ,nd fohsX tysos

kj fidhd .ekSu ;yjqre lsrSug Bg wod,,

ls%hdj,sfha úúO mshjr osk jljdkq iys;jo

w;aika iys;j mj;ajdf.k .sh mrAfhaIKd.dr

jdrA;d igykao bosrsm;a lsrSu w;HjYHh fjzX fuz

iuznkaOj fjk;a iud.ulska fyda kj

ksmehquzlrejl=f.ka jsreoaO;d we;s jqjfyd;a fuu

jdrA;d igyka idÌs f,i m%fhdackhg .kshsX

wka;rAcd;sl wh\quzm;a wxl PCT/IBO1/00706cx.u \qrl:khla jevs oshqKq l, wjia:djla

f;drj fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ,nd .ekSfuz

yelshdj mj;SX

flfia jqj;a fuh iEu rglgu fmd\q fkdjk

w;r th wod, rfgz kS;sh wkqj mj;sk iyk

ld,h fyda tfia ke;s rgl kuz tu rfÜ Ndjs;

jk l%uh u; mokuz fjzX

§iyk ld,h§ hkq l=ulao@kj fidhd .ekSu l, fudfydf;a isg th fmagkagz

wh\qï lsrSu olajd jk ld,h w;r;=roS kj

ksmehquzlre fyda wh\quzlre yryd kj fidhd

.ekSu ndysr mdrYjhkag wkdjrKh jsh yelshsX

tysoS we;euz rgj,a fuz i|yd §iyk ld,hla tkuz

udi 6 - 12 olajd ld,hla ,ndoS we;X tysoS tjeks

wdjrKhla uÕska tu kj fidhd .ekSug fmagkagz

,enSug we;s iq\qiqlu wfydais jSu j,lajd,Su is\q

flfrAX we;euz rgj, iud.uz jsiska kj fidhd

.ekSu fj<|fmd, j, m%orAYkh lsrSfuka" iud.uz

jsia;r m;%sldjkays fyda ;dÌKsl m%ldYj, m,

lsrSfuka" kj fidhd .ekSu ms<sn|j ndysr

mdrAYjhkag wkdjrKh jqj;a wod, iyk ld,h

;=, fmagkagz i|yd wh\quzlsrSfuka ndOdjlska

23

;djld,sl fmagkagz wh\quzm;Tziafgz%,shdj, lekvdj, bkaoshdj yd weursld

tlai;a ckmoh we;=,;aj rgj,a lsysmhl

;djld,sl fmagkagz wh\qïm;a msrjSfuz myiqj

i,id we;X b;d wvq .dia;= l%uhla hgf;a

fmagkagz l%uhg we;=,;a jSug ;djld,sl fmagkagz

wh\quzm; yryd wjia:dj ysusfjzX fuz wkqj

wh\quzlreg fmagkagz wh\quzm; iuzmqrAK lsrSug

jirl ld,hla ysusfjzX kuq;a fuh rglska rglg

fjkia ;;a;ajhla fmkakquz lrhsX iuyr lreKq

fmd\qfjz Ndú;ho is\qfjzX

fuu wh\quzmf;aoS ikd: lsrSfuz mrSÌK

fhdod fkd.kshsX

iuzmqrAK fmagkagz wh\qïm;a i|yd jk .dia;=

yd ii|k jsg ;djld,sl fmagkagz wh\quzm;la

i|yd jk .dia;= b;d wvq w.hla fjzX

fuhg ysusluz we;=,;a fkdjk kuq;a kj

fidhd .ekSu ms<sn|j iuzmqrAK jsia;rhla

wjYH fjzX

wka;rAcd;sl wh\quzm;a wxl PCT/EP02/05212

fmagkagz wh\quzmf;a wdlD;sh l=ulao@ fmagkagz wh\quzm; i|yd jsjsO ldrAHhka mrdihla

we;X

th fmagkagz ysusldrs;ajfha we;s kS;suh

;;a;ajh ;yjqre lrhs

th kj fidhd .ekSfuz iajNdjh jsia;r

lrhsX thg kj fidhd .ekSu is\qlrkafka

flfiao hkak o we;=,;ahX

th kj ksmehquzzlre" fmagkagz ysuslre yd

fjk;a kS;suh f;dr;=re ms<sn| jsia;r ,nd

fohsX

f,dj mqrdu fmagkagz wh\quzm;a iudk wdldrhlg

wdlD;s .; lr we;X thg b,a,Su, jsia;rh,

ysuslu, rEm igyka ^wjYHh kuz& iy idrdxYh

hk lreKq we;=,;ahX fmagkagz wh\quzm;la msgq

lsysmhl isg ish .Kkla olajd m%udKhla

;snSug yels w;r th kj fidhd .ekSfuz

iajNdjh yd wod, ;dÌKsl l%ufjzoh hk

lreKq u; ;SrKh fjzX

b,a,Su

kj fidhd .ekSfuz kduh, Ndrfok oskh, wjYHh

oskh, mqoa., f;dr;=re, tkuz wh\quzlref.a iy

kj ksmehquzzlref.a ku iy ,smskhka fuhg

we;=,;ahX

jsia;rh

fuysos kj fidhd .ekSu ms<sn| meyeos,s iuzmqrAK

f;dr;=re ,ndoSu l, hq;= fjzX tkuz ,ndoS we;s

f;dr;=re yd rEm igyka wkqj huska tu

fÌa;%fhau isgsk ksmqK;djhlska hq;=

mqoa.,fhl=g kj wdhdihlska f;drj tu kj

ksmehqqu lsrSug wjYH jsia;r we;=,;a jsh hq;=hX

th tfia fkdue;s jqjfyd;a Widjs ;SrKhla ,nd

.ksuska fmagkagz ysuslu ,nd fkdoSug fyda

ysusldrS;ajh wj,x.= lsrSug yelshdj we;X

ysusluz

fuhska fmagkagz ysuslfuz wdrÌdj ms<sn|j jsia;r

lrhsX §ysusluz§ hkak fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh

iuznkaOj b;d jeo.;a lreKla fjzX tkuz

ysusluz wmeyeos,s f,i iuzmqrAK lsrSfuka b;d

jeo.;a fmagkagz ysusldrs;ajhla jgskdlula

fkdue;s ysusldrs;ajhla njg m;a jsh yelshsX

fuysoS ysusluz hk fldgfia os" fmagkagz

ysusldrS;ajhg jgskdlula we;so" thska

W,a,x>Kh jSula is\qfjzo hkak fidhd ne,Su b;d

jeo.;a fjzX fuz ksid jsfYaIfhkau wh\quzm;l

§ysusldrs;ajh§ hk fldgi iuzmqrAK lsrSug

jsfYaI{fhl=f.a iyh ,nd .ekSu b;d fhda.H fjzX

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ysusluz i|yd WodyrK

fmagkagz wxl US4641349 i|yd whsrsia y¥kd

.ekSfï l%uh (Iris Recognision System)" wkqj

m<uq yd fojk ysusluz

1’ mqoa.,hka y¥kd .ekSu msksi Tyqf.a wefiys

;drd uxv,fha fyda l¨ bx.srshdfõ wkqrEmhla

.nvd lsrSu fuu.ska is¥ flfrA' hï wdf,dal

;;ajhla hgf;a ;drd uxv,fha fyda l¨

bx.srshdfõ wkqrEmhla moaO;shg we;,;a flfrA'

mqoa.,fhla y¥kd .ekSfïos iudk wdf,dal

;;ajhla u;u Tyqf.a wefiys iudk fldgil

wkqrEmhla ,nd f.k oekgu;a moaO;sfha .nvd

lr we;s o;a; iu. ixikaokh lr mqoa.,hka

y¥kd .efka'

2’ tla tla wdf,dal ;;ajhka hgf;a wefiys ;drd

uxv,h yd l¨ bx.srshdj m%idrKh jk m%udKh

fjkia fõ' mqrAj ks.ukh lrk ,o hï wdf,dal

;;ajhla hgf;a ,nd .;a fuu wkqrEmh yd

iei|Sug Bg iudk wdf,dal ;;ajhla hgf;au

,nd .;a wkqrejla fhdod .efka'

rEm igyka

huz kj fidhd .ekSul ;dÌKsl f;dr;=re

idrdxY.;j yd oDIHudk f,i jsia;r lsrSu rEm

igyka u.ska is\qfjzX fuu.ska f;dr;=re jsia;r

lsrSu, WmlrK fyda m%;sM, fmkajSu ms<sn|

lreKq i|yd Wojz fjzX rEm igyka iEu

wh\quzm;la i|ydu wjYH fkdfjzX kj fidhd

.eksfuz huz ls%hdj,shla fyda huz fohla is\q lrk

wdldrh olajk fohla kuz ta i|yd rEm igyka

yeujsgu wjYHh fkdfjzX rEm igyka wjYH kuz

idudkHfhka kS;sfhka ta nj fmkajd fohsX

rrEEmm iiggyykkllgg WWooddyyrrkkhhllaa

idrdxYh

fuhska kj fidhd .ekSu ms<sn| ixÌsma;

jsia;rhla ,nd fohsX fmagkagz ldrAhd, u.ska

fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh m%ldYhg m;a lrk jsgos

tys m<uq msgqfjz idrdxYh olajhsX we;euz jsg

fmagkagz ldrAHhd,fha wod, mrSÌljrhd jsiska

idrdxYh jevs oshqKq lsrSu fyda ilia lsrSu lrkq

,nhsX

25

jdyk frdao Tijkh fmagkagz wxl DE10230179fudagrA r:hl frdao tijSu i|yd Ndjs;d l,yels kj;u frdao Tijkhla fuhska fmkakquzlrhsX th WmlrK wdlD;sh" ^11& frdao ^1& ydiuznkaO jS we;s ndysr rsuz ^4& iu.Z Ndjs;d lrhsXtu.ska frdao Tijkhg frdao Rcqju tyd fuydl, yels w;r fudagrA r:fha n| thska tyd fuydfkdfjhsX tu ksid fuhska frdao fmdf<dj ugzguskamyiqfjka by<g .; yelssh’

fmagkagz ysuslfuz fida\qm;a lshjd ne,Sufmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh m%odkh lsrSfuka miqj th

b;d uekjska lshjd n,d ksjeros nja, jpk j,

iuzmQ¾KNdjh .ek ie,ls,su;a jSu b;d jeo.;a

fjzX jsfYaIfhkau fuh ysusldrS;ajh iuznkaOj

jeo.;a fjzX

fmagkagz wdrÌdjla ,nd .ekSug fldmuKld,hla .; fjhso@fmagkagz iy;slhla m%odkh lsrSug hk ld,h

fmagkagz ldrAHhd,hlska ldrAHhd,hlg fjkia fjzX

tfiau th wod, ;dÌKsl fÌa;% wkqjo fjkia

fjzX fuu ld,h udi lsysmhl isg jir lsysmhla,

tkuz idudkHfhka jir 2-5 w;r ld,hla jsh

yelshsX we;euz fmagkagz ldrAHhd, j,ska fmagkagz

ysusluz ,nd oSu jvd lvskuz lrk l%shdmámdàka

yªkajd oS we;X

ljr oskl isg Tnf.a fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajhwdrÌd fjzo@Tng fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh m%odkh lrk osk isg

Tng ta iuznkaOj we;s whs;Ska n,d;aul fjzX

tkuz Tng ysusldrS;ajh ,enSfuka miqj fjk;a

;=kajk mdrAYjhla jsiska kS;sHdkql+, fkdjk mrsos

th Ndjs;d lrhs kuz thg jsreoaOj Tng kS;suh

mshjr .ekSug whs;sh we;X we;euz rgj,

ysusldrS;ajh m%odkh lsrSfuka miqj lrk

W,a,x>Kh lsrSu tkuz fmagkagz wh\quzm;

m%ldYhg m;al, osk ^idudkHfhka m<uq

wh\quzm; NdroSfuka udi 18lg miqj& yd

fmagkagz ysñldrS;ajh m%odkh l, osk w;r ld,h

;=,oS lrKq ,nk W,a,x>Kh lsrSuzj,g tfrysj

kS;suh mshjr .eksug Tng whs;sh we;X kshu

jYfhka m%ldYkh yd m%odkh w;r lrkq ,nk

W,a,x>Kh lsrSuz j,os Tng ie,lsh hq;= jkaoshla

,nd .ekSugo yelshdj mj;SX kuq;a fuh iEu

rglgu fmd\q fkdfjzX ^n,d;aul lsrSu ms<sn|

jevs\qr f;dr;=re i|yd msgq wxl 39 isg 41

n,kak& we;euz rgj, tla kj fidhd .ekSula

i|yd fmagkagz wh\quzm;;aa, Ndjs; fudv,

wh\quzm;;a NdroSfuz myiqj i,id we;X fuh

we;euz jsg is\qlrkafka l%udKql+, fmagkagz

ysusldrS;ajh msrskuk ;=re Ndjs; fudv, wdrÌd

lsrSfuz jdish ^fuh jvd blaukska m%odkh lrk

nejska& wh\quzlreg ,nd oSfuz wruqK iys;jhs'

26

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wka;rAcd;sl wh\quzm;a wxl PCT/FR/2004/00264pkaøsld ;dlaÌKhg wod, pkaøsldj, wdlD;shmd,kh lrk WmlrKhlsX

fmagkagz wdrÌd lsrSu fldmuK ld,hlgj,x.= fõo@ cd;Hka;r jYfhka oekg mj;akd kS;suh

;;ajhkag wkqj fmagkagz wh\quzm; Ndr\qka osk

isg jir 20 ld,hla i|yd fmagkagz whs;shg

wdrÌKh ysus fjhsX tfiau fuysoS kshus; mrsos

w¿;a lsrSfuz yd kv;a;= .dia;= f.jd ;snsh hq;=

w;r fuu ld,h w;r;=r oS wj,x.= lsrSuz i|yd

b,a,Sula fyda wfydais lsrSula is\q fkdjsh hq;= fjzX

by; ;;ajh fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajfha kS;suh

j,x.= ld,h yd ne|S we;s w;r fmagkagz whs;sfhys

jHdmdrsl fyda wdrA:sluh wdhq ld,fha jgskdlu

my; wjia:d wkqj ;SrKh fjzX tkuz kj fidhd

.ekSu yd iuznkaO ;dÌKh h,a mek.sh jsgoS

th fj<|m,g yªkajd oSug fkdyels jQ jsgoS fyda

ksIamdokh fj<|m, ;=,oS widrA:l jSu hk

wjia:djkahX fuz ish¿ wjia:djkays oS fmagkagz

ysuslre jsiska fmagkagz kv;a;= lsrSuz yd w¿;a

lsrSu .dia;= fkdf.jSug ;SrKh lrhsX ta wkqj

kS;sh wkqj ,ndoS we;s jir 20l ld,h bl=;a

jSug fmru ysusldrS;ajh wdrÌd jSu wj,x.=fjzX

we;euz rgj, jsfYaIs; wjia:djka j,oS fuu

wdrÌl ld,h jir 20 g jvd oSrA> lsrSu fyda

mrsmqrl wdrÌl iy;slhla (Supplementary

Protection Certificate - SPCs) ,ndoSu is\qfjzX

Wod( T!IO fÌa;%h iuznkaO fmagkagz

ysusldrS;ajfhaoS wod, rdcHh wdh;k j,ska wf,js

wkque;Ska ,nd .ekSug oS.= l,la .;fõ' fuyzoS

jir 20lg jvd oSrA> lsrSu oelsh yelsh' mrsmqrl

wdrÌl iy;slhla ,nd .ekSu i|yd iSus;

ld,hla we;s w;r th jir 5 lg fkdjevs jsh

hq;=hsX

27

fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ia:sr ;Ska¥jla ,ndfkdue;s wjia:dj we;euz iud.uz jsiska ;u ksIamdokj, “fmagkagz

iy;slh ,enSu .ek ;Ska¥jla ,enSug we;” fyda

“fmagkagz i|yd b,a,quzlr we;” hkqfjka i|yka

lrhsX thg fmagkagz wh\quzm;a m%udKho we;=,;a

lr ;sfnzX ta yd iudkj fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh

,enSfuka miqj fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ,enqKq nj

yd fmagkagz w.hka ms<sn|j ;u ksIamdokfha

i|yka lrhsX tfia jqj;a fuhska lsis\q kS;suh

wdrÌdjla fkd,efnzX fuhska ;=kajk mdrAYjhlg

iuzmqrAK ksIamdokh fyda tys we;euz

ksrAudKd;aul fldgia wkjirfhka Wmqgd .ekSu

j<lajd,Su i|yd wk;=re we.jSu muKla is\qfjhsX

fmagkagz wh\quzm;la NdroSug Tng fmagkagzksfhdacs;hl=f.a iyh wjYHho@ fmagkagz wh\quzm;la iuzmqrAK lr ilia lsrSu yd

fmagkagz m%odkh olajd jk mshjr b;d ixlSrAK

jqjlsX fmagkagz wdrÌdj i|yd wh\quz lsrSu hkq

Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSu i|yd fmagkagz

ysusldrS;ajh j,lajd,k fjk;a fmr uq,dY%

we;so hkak jsuid ne,Su

ysuslï kS;suh yd ;dlaÌKsl lreKq we;=¿j

kj fidhd .ekSu iuznkaOj iuzmqrAK

jsia;rhla ,nd oSuX

jsfYaIfhkau fmagkagz wh\quzmf;a ikd:

lsrSfuz mrSÌKh meje;afjk ld,h we;ZZ¿Zj"

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fmagkagz wxl EP1165393.

fgdarnka *a,ekanuZZz kuz iud.u jsiska ødjK

jlalrk WmlrKhla ksmojk ,oS’ fuys

jsfYaI;ajh jQfha ødjK msg;g jlalrk

w;ru jd;h iu. ødjKh usY% lsrSfuz

yelshdj mej;Suhs’ fuh fvkaudrAlfha iq¿

yd uOH mrsudK wdh;hl jk fukq ta$tia

kuz wdh;kfhka wf,js lrk ,o w;r by,

idrA:l;ajhla ,nd .;af;ah’

cd;sl fyda l,dmSh fmagkagz ldrAHhd, iu.Z

wod, ,sms f,aLK uekjska mj;ajd .ekSuX

fmagkagz ldrAhd, jsiska b,a uz lrk jsjsO

fjkia lsrSuz wh\quzm;g we;=,;a lsrSuX

fufia n,k l, fmagkagz ,nd .ekSu i|yd

fmagkagz kS;sh yd fmagkagz ldrAhd, j, l%shd

mámdáka ms<sn|j by, oekqula ;sîu jeo.;a fõ'

fuysos kS;suh iy ;dÌKsl iyh w;HjYH

fkdjqko Tjqkaf.a iyh ,nd .ekSu tla w;lska

jvd;a M,odhs fjzX ta wkqj kS;suh miqnsula yd

w;aoelSuz iys; iy kj fidhd .ekSug wod,

fÌa;%h ms<sn| ;dÌKsl miq nsula we;s fmagkagz

ksfhdacs;hl=f.a iyh ,eîu jvd fhda.Hh fjzX

fndfyduhla kS;s u.ska tu rg;=, ,shdmosxps

fmagkagz ksfhdacs;hl=f.a iyh ^jsfoaYSh b,a¨uzlre

jsiska& ,nd .; hq;= nj ksrAfoaY lr we;X

tla ;ks wh\quzm;lska jsjsO fidhd .eksuzi|yd wdrÌdjla ,nd .; yelso@ tla fmagkagz wh\quzm;la ;=, jsjsO fidhd .ekSuz

we;=,;a l, jsg ta i|yd fmagkagz kS;s u.ska huz

huz iSudjka mkjd we;X fuu iSudjka kj fidhd

.eksuzj, tl;=j hkqfjka y¥kajkq ,efí' ^Wod(

weursld tlai;a ckmofha fmagkagz kS;sh”

^hqfrdamSh fmagkagz iuzuq;sh yd fmagkagz

iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu&X ;ks wh\quzm;l we;=,; kj

fidhd .ekSuz lKavdhula ^ksIamdokfha oÌ

ixl,amh& i|yd fmagkagz kS;s imhd we;X fidhd

.ekSuz j, talu;sl nfjz wvqjla jqjfyd;a ysusluz

i|yd iSud mekjSu fyda wh\quzm; fnoSfuz

wjYHh;djhka ^fldgia lrk ,o wh\quzm;&

b,a,quzlreg we;sjsh yelshsX fuu Ndjs; kS;sj,

we;s fjkialuz ksid we;euz rgj, oS tla fmagkagz

wh\quzm;la m%udKj;a jk w;r ;j;a rgj,a j,oS

tlu miqnsula wdjrKh lsrSug wh\quzm;a folla

fyda jevs m%udKhla Ndr oSug is\qfjzX

29

msrslaiquz ,ehsia;=fjz idrdxYh Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSug fmagkagz ,nd.;

yelso@ fmr uq,dY% iuSÌKhla lsrSu iy

fmagkagz iuznkaO o;a; .nvd Ndjs;h

jeo.;afjzX

fmagkagz wh\qïm;la NdroSu( wod, fÌa;%fha

;dÌKsl jsfYaI{ oekqula iys; fmagkagz

ksfhdacs;hl= fyda kS;s{hl=f.a iyh ,nd

.ekSu jeo.;ahX ysusluz iuznkaO f,aLK

j,oS fuu iyh jsfYaI fjzX

wh\quzm; yd wod, ld,h( fmagkagz

wh\quzm;la NdroSu jvd;a blaukska is\qlsrSu

iy miqj NdroSu hgf;a jk jdis yd

wjdisodhl ;;a;ajhka ie,ls,a,g .ekSu

fuysoS jeo.;afjzX

kj fidhd .ekSu iuznkaO f;dr;=re wkjYH

ld,hloS wkdjrKh jqjfyd;a th fmagkagz

iy;slh fkd,enSug fya;=jla fjzX

fmagkagz kv;a;= .dia;=( n,mj;akd mrsos

Tnf.a fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh mj;ajd .ekSug

thg wod, kv;a;= .dia;= iy w¿;a lsrSfuz

.dia;= kshus; mrsos f.jsh hq;=fjzX

3. jsfoaY rgloS fmagkagzwdrCIKh

jsfoaY rg j,oS fmagkagz wdrlaIKh l<hq;af;a wehs@fmagkagz i|yd we;af;a foaYiSud j,g iSudjq

whs;shlsX fjk;a f,ilska lshkafka kuz Tnf.a

fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajhg wdrÌdjla iemfhkafka

fmagkagz iy;slh j,x.= jk rg ;=,oS fyda

l,dmh ;+,oS muKsX tkuz huz rgla ;=,os Tnf.a

fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh wdjrKh fkdfjz kï ta rg

;=,oS Tnf.a fmagkagz .; fidhd .ekSuz Ndjs;hg

fyda wdkhkhg fyda jslsKSug TzkEu flfkl=g

whs;shla we;X

jsfoaYSh rglos Tfí NdKav i|yd fmagkagz

wdrlaIKh ,nd .ekSfuka tu rg ;=,oS Tnf.a

kj fidhd .ekSug mru whs;shla ysus fjzX Bg

wu;rj jsfoaYSh iud.uz fj; Tnf.a fidhd

.ekSu Ndjs;hg n,m;% ksl=;a lsrSug, jHdmdrsl

iuznkaO;d jevslr .ekSug iy wka wh iuÕ

tlaj tu rgj, fj<|m,g wj;SrAK ùug

wjia:djla ,efnzX

jsfoaY rgl fmagkagz wdrÌd lsrSugwh\quzl, hq;af;a l=uk ld,hloS o@kj fidhd .ekSula i|yd fmagkagz whs;sh ,nd

.kq jia m<uq wh\quzm; bosrsm;a l< oskh

m%uqL;d oskh kuz jk w;r fjk;a rgloS jqjo

Bg miqj tkuz udi 12 la we;=,; oS ^tkuz

m%uqL;d ld,h ;=,oS& fjk;a mdrAYjhka jsiska tu

fidhd .ekSu i|ydu lrk ,o whÿuzm;lg jvd

m<uq wh\quzm;g m%uqL;djh ,efnkq we;X

tnejska Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSu ioZyd jsfoaYSh

rglos wdrlaIdj ,nd .ekSug wfmalaId lrkafka

kï fmagkagz wh\quzm; m%uqL;d ld,h ;=,os u

ndroSu jeo.;a fjzX

m%uqL;d ld,h wjika jSfuka miqj jqjo fmagkagz

ldrAHhd,h u.ska fmagkagz whs;sh m<uqj m%ldYhg

m;a lrk oskh olajd ^idudkHfhka m%uqL;d

oskfha isg udi 18 ld,hla olajd& fjk;a rgloS

ta iudku fidhd .ekSulg wjYHh

ysusldrS;ajhg ,ndfok fuka b,a,Sfï yelshdj

mj;sk kuq;a fuysoS m%uqL;ajh ysñ jkafka uq,a

wh¥ï lreghs’ fidhd .ekSu m%isoaO lsrSfuka

miqj jsfoaYSh rgloS fmagkagz wdrÌdj ,nd

.ekSug lsisu mdrAYjhlg wjia:dj ke;X thg

fya;=j jkafka m%isoaO lsrSfuka miqj ;j ¥rg;a

tu fidhd .ekSu kjH fidhd .ekSula f,i

fkdie,flk fyhsks’

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wka;rAcd;sl wh\quzm;a wxl PCT/US02/12182.\qria: md,l l%uhl jevs oshqKq l, ksrAudKhla

Tnf.a kj ksmehquz wdrCId lr .; hq;af;aljr ia:dkhloS o@ fndfyduhla rgj, kj ksmejqula wdrCId lr

.ekSug úYd, msrsjehla oerSug is¥jk neúka

wdrCIdjla wjYH jkafka l=uk rgj,oS o hkak

ie,ls,su;aj ;SrKh l, hq;=h’ fï iïnkaOj hï

;SrKhla .eksug n,mdk m%Odk idOl jkqfha

fmagkaÜ .; NdKavh jdKscuh jYfhka

wf,ú$ksIamdokh lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;=

jkafka l=uk ia:dkhlo@

iudk NdKav ioyd we;s wksl=;a m%Odk;u

fj<|m, fudkjdo@

fujeks b,lal fj<|m, ;=, fmagkaÜ lsrSug

l=uk úhoula oerSug is\qfúo@ Tng ta i|yd

jeh lsrSug yels uqo, fldmuKo@

m%Odk;u ;r.lrejka ia:dk .; ù we;af;a

l+uk ia:dk j,o@

NdKavh ksIamdokh lsrSug ie,iqï lrkafka

flfiao@

f;dard.;a rgl fmagkaÜ n,d;aul lsrSfïoS

we;s úh yels úúO ;;ajhka fudkjdo@

úfoaYSh rgloS fmagkaÜ wdrCIdj ,nd.ekSug wh\qï lrkafka flfiao@ta i|yd m%Odk udrA. ;=kla we;’

cd;sl ugzgfuka fmagkaÜ wh\qï lsrSug

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk rfÜ cd;sl NdIdfjka

iïmqrAK l, wh\qïm;la u.ska wod, .dia;=

f.jd fï i|yd b,a¨ï l< yelshs’ kuq;a wh\qï

lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk rgj,a m%udKh jeä

kï fuh b;d wiSre yd úhoï wêl l%uhla fõ’

l,dmSh ugzgfuka huz tl.Z;djhla u;

taldnoaOj lghq;= lrk rgj,a rdYshla mokuz

lrf.k tu iuqyh wdjrKh mrsos wod, m%dfoaYSh

ldrAhd,hlg b,a¨uz m;%h bosrsm;a lsrSu u.ska

wdrlaIKh ,nd .ekSu fuhska woyia fjzX

tjeks m%dfoaYSh ldrAhd, j,g WodyrK·

nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn|Z wm%sldkq ixjsOdkh (The

African Intellectual Property Organization - OAPI)

(www.oapi.wipo.net);

wms%ldkq l<dmsSh nqoaêuh foam< ixúOdkh

(African Regional Intellectual Property Organization -

ARIPO) (www.aripo.wipo.net);

hqfrAIshdkq fmagkaÜ ixúOdkh (Eurasian Patent

Organization - EAPO) (www.eapo.org);

hqfrdamSh fmagkaÜ ldrAhd,h (European Patent

Office - EPO) (www.epo.org);

.,a*a iyfhda.s;d ljqkais, fmagkaÜ

ldrAhd,h (The Patent Office of the Gulf)

(www.gulf-patent-office.org.sa).

31

cd;Hka;r wh¥ï m;% wxl PCT/1T98/00133,skka j,ska idok ,o kj ksIamdokhl ksIamdokls%hdj,sh i|yd b;d,sfha .srskaê SRL iud.uúiska fmagkaÜ wdrCIdj ,nd .eksks’ tysoS tukj frosms<s jdKsc jYfhka fhdod .eksfï mruwhs;sh Tjqkag ,enqks’

cd;Hka;r ugzgfuka wdrlaIKh wfmalaId

lrkafka kï cd;Hka;r fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d

.sjsiqug (Patent Cooperation Treaty - PCT)

wod, wh\quzm;la msrjSu yryd tu .sjsiqug wod,

TzkEu idudcsl rgla ;=,oS kj fidhd .ekSulg

fmagkagz wdrÌdj ,nd .ekSfuz yelshdj ysusfjhsX

tfia ysus ùug kï wh¥ï lre fmagkagz

iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqug wod, rgl mqrjeisfhl= jSu

fyda fkajdislhl= jSu fyda wh¥ïlref.a

jHdmdrhg ie,lsh hq;= ugzgfuz jdKscHuh fyda

ldrAusl ksfhdackhla tu rgj, ;snSu wjYH fjzX

fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu hgf;a tla

cd;Hka;r fmagkagz wh\quzm;la Ndrosu yryd tu

.sjsiqug iuznkaO idudcsl rgj, 125 lg wOsl

m%udKhla ;=,os kj fidhd .ekSulg fmagkagz

wdrÌdj ,efnzX ^weuqKquz wxl II n,kak&

Tnf.a wh\quzm; cd;sl fyda l,dmSh fmagkagz

ldrAhd,hg fyda iy iajsÜirA,ka;fha cskSjd kqjr

msysgs nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixjsOdkfha

(WIPO) PCT ,ensuz ldrAhd,hg ndroSug yelshsX

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/ msrslaiquz ,ehsia;= idrdxYhfoaYiSudj, iSudjq whs;sh ( fmagkagz whs;sh

hkq foaYiSudj,g iSud jqjlsX

m%uqL;d ld,h( jsfoaYSh fmagkagz wdrÌdj

i|yd b,a,quz lsrSu m%uqL;d ld,h ;=,os lsrSu

jeo.;afjzX fuysos kshus; osk jljdkq .ek

ie,ls,su;ajSu wjYHh fjzX

wh\quz lrkafka ljr ia:dkhlo@ wdrÌdj

,nd .ekSfuka m%;sM, ,efnkafka ljr

ia:dkhlskao iy jsjsO rgj, fmagkagz wdrÌd

ysuslu ,enSug jk jshou ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a

jkakX

wh\quz lrkafka flfiao@ fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d

.sjsiqu Ndjs;dfjka wh\quz ls%hdj,shg ,efnk

jdisodhl ;;ajh ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a jkakX

tfiau fuz ms<sn| ;j\qrg;a jsia;r ,nd

.ekSfuka fmagkagz ,nd .ekSu ms<sn| Tnf.a

;SrKh jvd;a idrA:l lr .ekSug yelshs'

cd;Hka;r wh\quzm;a wxl PCT/US2001/028473weursldfjz iq:Z yd uOHu mrsudK jHdmdrsl

wdh;khla jk tkaghsfrda ia;Dnz fglafkdf,dcsia

fldmfrAIka u.ska fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqfuz

(PCT) jsOsjsOdk fhdod .ksuska tu wdh;kfha

;dÌKsl ksrAudKhla jk ldrAusl ls%hdodufhaos iy

hka;% Ndjs;fhaoS we;sjk nyqjsO mrsir \qIK

je<elajSfuz ksrAudKh jsfoaYsh fj<|m,j,os

wdrÌKh lrkq ,nhsX fmgkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqfuz

(PCT) j.ka;s Ndjs;d lsrSu u.ska fuu iud.ug

;ukaf.a ;dÌKh cd;Hka;r fj<|mf,aos

wf,jslrKh n,m;% ksl+;a lsrSfuz yelshdjo ,eî

we;X

33

fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqfuz (PCT) we;s jdis idudkH whÿulos wod, jk m%uqL;d ld,h jk

udi 12 g wu;rj iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu hgf;a

,shdmosxÑ ùfï osS wu;r udi 18 l ld,hla ,efí’

tu ld,h ;=,oS tla tla rgj,os ;u ksIamdokh

i|yd jk fj<| jdis ;;ajhka yd fmagkagz

wdrÌdj ,nd .ekSu l,hq;= iq\qiqu ia:dkh .ek

jegySula .ekSug wh\quzlreg yelsfjzX cd;sl

wh\quzm;g we;=,;aù we;s wh\quzm;a .dia;= yd

mrsjrA:k .dia;= m%udo lr .ekSug o yels fjzX

wh\quzlrefjdaa fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu ;ukaf.a

jsl,am yels;dka \qrg jsjD; ugzgul mj;ajd

.ekSu i|yd Ndjs;d lr;sX

fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqfuz wka;rAcd;sl

jsurAYk jdrA;dj yd wka;rAcd;sl jsurAYk

wOsldrsfha ,sLs; woyia hk f,aLK yryd

wh\quzlrejkag ;u kj fidhd .ekSu i|yd jvd;a

iq\qiqu fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ms<sn| jgskd

f;dr;=re /ila ,nd .; yelsh' fuu f,aLK

Ndjs;fhka fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiquz

wh\quzlrejkag ;u fmagkagz wdrÌdj ,nd

.kafkao@ ke;so@" tfia;a ke;akuz th ,nd .ekSug

jvd;a iq\qiq ia:dkh ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSug

Yla;su;a mokula ,efnzX kj fidhd .ekSug

wod,j yªkdf.k we;s" f,dalh mqrdu fmr uQ,dY%

f,aLK ,ehsia;=jla wka;rAcd;sl jsurAYk

jdrA;djg we;=,;ahX tfiau wka;rAcd;sl jsurAYk

jdrA;dfjz m%;sM, wkqj ilia lrk ,o jvd;a

fhda.Hh fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ms<sn| jsia;rhla

wka;rAcd;sl jsurAYk wêldrsfha ,sLs; woyia kuz

f,aLKhg we;=,;ahX

fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu wh\quzm; tla

NdIdjlska ilid we;X thg we;af;a tla .dia;=

f.jSula muKsX tfiau thg fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d

.sjsiqug iuznkaO ish¿u idudcsl rgj,os kS;suh

wdjrKhla ,efnzX tla tla fmagkagz ldrAhd, fj;

fjka fjkaj wh\quzm;a NdroSfuzos l, hq;= f.jSuz

fuysoS wkjYHhsX ta wkqj uQ,sl .kqfokq jshouz wju

uÜgul mj;ajd .ekSug fuu l%uh WmldrS fõ'

we;euz jsg fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu hgf;a o

wh\quzm;a m%dfoaYs fmagkagz ldrAhd, j,g Ndrosu

is\qfjzX fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqu hgf;a wod,

wh\quzm;la Ndrfokafka flfiao hkak ms<sn|

ksjeros udrAf.damfoaYkhla Tnf.a cd;sl fmagkagz

ldrAhd,h fj;ska fyda www.wipo.int/pct hk fjnz

wvjsh fj;ska ,nd .eksug yelshsX

foaYsh wh\quzm;

NdroSu

fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d.sjsiquz wh\quzm; Ndr oSu

wka;rAcd;sljsurAIK jdrA;dj yd

,sLs; woyia

wka;rAcd;sl

m%ldYK

cd;sl ;,hgwe;=,ajSu

^f;dard.; yelshs&wka;rAcd;sl

m%d:uslmrsÌKhka i|yd

b,a,qus lsrSu

udi

^f;dard.;yelshs& fmagkagzlsrSu iuznkaOjwka;rAcd;sl

m%d:usl jdrA;dj

fmagkagz iyfhda.s;d .sjsiqfuz wh\quzm;la NdroSu iuznkaO ixÌsma; igyk

0 12 1816 22 28 30

4. fmagkagz.; ;dÌKhjdKscHlrKh

Tfí fmagkagz.; ;dÌKhg jdKscHuhw.hla ,nd fokafka flfiao@ kj ksmehqug fmagkagz ,nd .;a muKskau tys

jdKscHuh idrA:l;ajhla we;s fkdfjzX fmagkagz

hkq kj fidhd .ekSula ;=,ska iud.fuz YlH;dj

jevs lsrSug Ndjs;d l, yels tla WmlrKhlsX

iud.ug oefkk iq¿ wdldrhg jdisodhl

;;ajhla we;s lr .ekSug fmagkagz.; ksIamdokh

M,odhs f,i jHdma; jsh hq;=hsX fmagkagz

ysusldrS;ajh ,o NdKavh fj<|m, ;=, idrA:l

jSfuka iud.fuz lSrA;sh yd flaj,a lsrSfuz

yelshdj by< f.dia wdodhuz by<hdu is\qfjzX

fmagkagz .; ksIamdokh fj<|m,g /f.k hdu

i|yd jsjsO jsl,am udrA. we;X

fmagkagz .; fidhd .ekSu Rcqju

jdKscHhlrKh

fjk;a wfhl=g fmagkagz whs;sh wf,js lsrSu

fmagkagz whs;sh n,m;% u.ska mejrSu

noaO jHdmdr fyda wks;a mdrAYj iuÕ Wmdh

udrA.sl iuznkaO;d we;slr .ekSu

fmagkagz.; NdKavhla fj<|m, fj;yªkajd fokafka flfiao@TkEu NdKavhla jdKsc jYfhka idrA:l jSug

fya;=j jkafka tys we;s ;dÌKsl wx.hka muKla

fkdfjzX ;dÌKsl jYfhka by< jsYsIaG

ksrAudKhla jqj;a tu NdKavhg M,odhs b,a¨ula

fkdue;s kuz fyda NdKavh ukd f,i fj<|m,g

yªkajd oS fkdue;s kuz thg mdrsfNda.sl

wdlrAYkh oskd .eksug fkdyelsfjzX tnejska

NdKavfha jdKscuh idrA:l;ajh ;j;a jsjsO

fya;=ka u; rod mj;SX

tkuz NdKavfha ksrAudKh, uq,Huh yelshdj,

M,odhs wf,js WmdhudrA., ;rÕldrs yd wkqmqrl

NdKav iuÕ ii|k jsg NdKavfha us< hk

lreKq fï w;r fõX kj ksrAudKd;aul

NdKavhla fj<|m,g yªkajd oSfuzos jHdmdrsl

ie,eiaula we;s lr .ekSu m%fhdackj;ahX

jHdmdr woyia j, YlH;dj jsuid ne,Su i|yd

jHdmdrsl ie,eiau fnfyjska Wmldrs fjzX fmagkagz

.; NdKavh fj<|m,g yªkajdoSu i|yd

wdfhdaclhl=f.a uq,Huh myiqluz ,nd .ekSug

kï jHdmdr ie,eiau w;HjYH fjzX iud.fuz

fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ms<sn| f;dr;=re iy

fmagkagz WmdhudrA. ms<sn| jsia;r jHdmdrsl

ie,eiaug we;=,;a lsrSu b;d jeo.;ahX fmagkagz

.; NdKavfha kjH;djh ms<n| f;dr;=re fukau

wdh;kfha Woafhd.sNdjh i|yd idÌs fmkakquz

lsrSu iy fjk;a iud.uzys fmagkagz W,a,x>Kh

lsrSfuz wjOdku ms<sn| f;dr;=re fuhska ,nd .;

yelshX

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Tnf.a fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh wf,js lsrSugyelso@ fuhg osh yels Rcq ms<s;=r ^Tõ& hkakh fuh

fmagkagz mjrd oSula f,i ye|ska fjzX tu.ska Tnf.a

fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ia:sr jYfhkau fjk;a

mqoa.,hl=g mjrd oSu is\qfjzX fuh b;d .eUqrska

yeoErsh hq;= lreKlsX fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh mjrd

oSu fjkqjg th Ndjs;hg n,m;a ksl=;a lsrSfuka

fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh j,x.=jk uq¿ ld,h ;=,u

uq,a ysuslreg ysusldr Nd.h ,efnzX ta ksid n,m;a

ksl=;a lsrSu u.ska wdodhula Wmhd .ekSug

wjia:dj ,efnhsX kuq;a mjrd oSulos fmagkagz

NdKaavhg bosrsfhaoS we;sjk ,dNodhs fyda w,dNodhs

nj fkdi,ld tljr tlÕjq uqo,la ,efnhsX kuq;a

tysoS wkd.; ysusldr Nd.h iud.ug fkd,efnhsX

we;euz jsg mjrdoSula jdisodhl jk wjia:d mj;sX

fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh tljr wf,js l,fyd;a tys

jgskdlu tlajru iud.ug ysus fjhsX tkuz jir

20 l ld,hla mqrd jgskdlfuz jevs ùula

n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka isàsu wkjYH fjzX ;jo fjk;a

;dÌKhla jsiska fmagkagz ,enq NdKavfha

;dÌKh blaujd hdfuka jk wjOdkuo fuysoS

we;s fkdfjzX Bg wu;rj jHdmdrhla mjrd oSfuzoS

fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh mejrSu wod, .sjsiqfuz

fldkafoaishla jsh yelshsX

mjrdoSu fyda wf,js lsrSu hk wjia:d folu ;ks

mqoa.,fhl=f.a$wdh;khl wjYHh;d yd m%uqL;d

u; ;SrKh fjzX flfia jqj;a idudkHfhka

mjrdoSula i|yd osrs.ekajSula fkdlrk w;r

fmagkagz whs;sfha ysusldrS;ajh mj;ajd .eksug

fmagkagz ysuslrefjda leue;a;la olaj;sX

Tnf.a fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh n,m;a u.skawka whg ,nd fokafka flfiao@l,ska we;slr .;a .sjsiqulg wkqj fmagkagz

n,m;% ysushd jsiska ^n,m;% odhlhd& fjk;a

mqoa.,hl=g ^n,m;a ,dNshdg& fmagkagz n,m;%hla

u.ska fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh" ,nd osu fuysos is\q

fjzX fujeks wjia:dj,os .sjsiqfuz fldkafoais yd

jsIh m:h olajuska mdrAYjhka folla w;r

n,m;% .sjsiqulg tlÕ fjzX

fufia fjk;a mdrAYjhlg fmagkagz .; NdKavh

fj<|m,g yªkajdoSug wjirh ,ndoSu u.ska tys

uq,a ysñlreg wu;r wdodhula Wmhd .ekSug yels

fjzX tfiau fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh ms<sn|Zj uq,a

ysñlreg we;s mru whs;sh mq¿,a lsrSu fuhska

.uH fjzX

fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh we;s iud.ug kj

ksIamdokhla lsrSug fyda mj;sk fj<|m, b,a¨u

imqrd,Su fyda fok ,o N+f.da,Sh m%foaYhla

wdjrKh lsrSug fkdyels wjia:djlos n,m;%

ksl=;a lsrSu u.ska jvd mQ¿,a fj<|m,la mqrd ;u

wkil m;=rejd,Sug yels fjzX

n,m;% .sjsiqula ilia lsrSfuzos .kqfokq lsrSfuz

ksmqK;djh yd .sjsiqu ieliSfuz m%jSK;ajh

wjYHh fjzX tnejska .sjsiqu ieliSug n,m;%

jsIfha ksmqK;ajfhka hq;= ;eke;af;l=f.a iyh

,nd .ekSu jeo.;ahX we;euz rgj, rcfha

kshduk wdh;k j, fuu n,m;% .sjsiqu ,shdmosxps

lsrSu wjYHfjzX

35

fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajh i|yd fldmuKysusluz Nd.hla Tn n,dfmdrd;a;=fjzo@n,m;% .kqfokq j,oS idudkHfhka ysuslreg

tljr uqo, ,eîu iy ysusluz Nd.h fjkqfjka

jrska jr .dia;= uqo,a ,eîu isÿfõX n,m;% .;

ksIamdokfha wf,js m%udKh ^tla NdKavhla u;

ysusluz Nd.h& fyda Y=oaO wf,js m%udKh ^Y=oaO

wf,jsh u; ysusluz Nd.h& u; ysusluz Nd.fha

m%udKh ;SrKh fjzX fndfyda jsg n,m;% j,ska

,efnk wdodhu tljr uqo,a ,nd oSu iy ysusluz

Nd.h u; jrska jr fok uqo,a hk fldgia

foflys tl;=jlsX

lrAudka;fha mj;akd m%us;sh wkqj ysusluz Nd.fha

wkqmd;h r|d mj;S’ iEu .sjsiqulau iqjsfYaI

njlska hqla; jk ksid idlpzPd lsrSfuka tlÕ

jsh hq;= jsjsO idOl u; ysusluz Nd. wkqmd;h

;SrKh lsrSu jeo.;ahX fuz fya;=j ksid iud.fuz

m%us;sh hgf;a uq,sl WmfoaYkhla ,nd \qkako

we;euz jsg fuu m%us;Ska wjia:dkql+,j fjkia jsh

yelshX

wkkHjq n,m;% iy wkkH fkdjk n,m;%w;r fjki l=ulao@fmagkagz iu.Z lghq;= lsrSug wjia:dj ,ndfok

n,m;%,dNskaf.a m%udKh u; n,m;% .sjsiquz jrA.

3 ls" tkuz

wkkHjq n,m;%( (Exclusive license) fmagkagz

.; ;dÌKh Ndjs; l, yelafla tla

n,m;%,dNsfhl=g muKsX tfiau fmagkagz

ysuslrego fuh Ndjs; l, fkdyelX

;ks n,m;%h( (Sole license) tla n,m;%

,dNsfhl=g iy fmagkagz whs;slreg fuu

fmagkagz ;dÌKh Ndjs;d l, yelshsX

wkkH fkdjq n,m;%( (Non-exclusive license)

n,m;%,dNSka lsysm fofkl=g yd fmagkagz

whs;slreg fuu fmagkagz ;dÌKh Ndjs;d

l, yelshs

.sjsiqul iuyr whs;sjdislï i|yd wkkHjq

whs;shla o iuyr whs;sjdislï i|yd ;ks yd

wkkH fkdjq whs;shla o wvx.= jsh yelshsX

36

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bkaoshdkq cd;sl kj ksmehquzlrejl=jk wdpdrAhus,skavz rdfka jsiska WKqiqu yqjudre lrkWmlrKhka i|yd jk fmagkagz ysusldrS;ajhi|yd uquzndhs kqjr iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudKjHdmdrslhl= iuÕ n,m;% .sjsiqula we;slr.;af;ahX tlÕ;djhg wkqj .sjsiqu w;aika ;nkwjia:dfjz kj ksmehquzlreg uq,a f.jSula is\ql,w;r Y=oaO wf,jsfhka 4X5% ysusluz Nd.hlaof.ùug tlÕ jsh’ tfiau n,m;%,dNshd jsiskafmagkagz wh\quz .dia;= yd kv;a;= .dia;= o oerSh’

fulaisfldafjz cd;sl jsYajjsoHd,hla u.ska

wmjs;% c, l<uKdlrK moaO;shla i|yd

fmagkagz wdrlaIKhla ,nd .;a w;r

jsYajjsoHd,h weiqrskau nsys jQ w;s idrA:l c,

l<uKdlrK wdh;khla jQ IB fgla kï

wdh;kh wkkH fkdjk n,m;% .sjsiqula

we;slr .kakd ,osX

Tnf.a fmagkagz .; ksIamdokh i|yd wkkH(Exclusive) yd wkkH fkdjq (Non Exclusive)n,m;% m%odkh lsrSug yelso@th NdKavh yd iud.fuz jHdmdrsl Wmdh udrA.

u; rod mj;sX WodyrKhla jYfhka Tn

fmagkagz .;l, ;dÌKh wod, lrAudka;h

iïnkaOfhka m%us;s.; l,fyd;a th wod,

fj<|m, ;=, isgsk iEu lrAudka;lrejl=gu

.ekSug isÿ fõX ta wkqj wkkH fkdjq n,m;%

we;slr .eksu jvd;a jdisodhl fjzX huz

ksIamdokhla tla iud.ul w;súYd,

wdfhdackhla hgf;a fj<|m,g yªkajd fok

wjia:djl ^Wod( idhksl w;ayod ne,Suz lsrSug

wjYHh T!IO ksIamdok& tu wod, n,m;%

,dNshdg wksl=;a n,m;% ,dNska iuÕ Z Z

;rÕldrs;ajhg uqyqKoSu wjYH fkdjk ksid

wkkHjq n,m;%hla .eksSu fhda.H fjzX

Tnf.a kj fidhd .ekSug n,m;% .ekSugiq\qiqu ld,h l=ulao@ n,m;% ,nd .ekSug jvd;a iq\qiqu ld,hla .ek

mejiSug fkdyels w;r th wjia:dkql+,j

;SrKh fjzX flfia jqj;a fmagkagz lsrSug jeh jq

uqo, wdjrKh lr .ekSu i|yd iajdëk

jHdmdrslhska fukau kj ksmehquzlrejkao yels

blaukska n,m;% ms<sn| jsurAIKh lsrSu jvd;a

fhda.Hh fjzX fmagkagz m%odkh lrk f;la isgSu

wjYHh fkdfjzX

fuysos jvd;a jeo.;a jkqfha ksjeros ld,h fkdj

fmagkagz .; kj fidhd .ekSu jdKscHhlrKh

lsrSfuka ,dN Wmhd .ekSug iyh jk jvd;a

ksjeros fj<| yjq,alrejka fidhd .ekSuhsX

37

fmagkagz ;lafiare lsrSuhuz iud.ula fmagkagz ;lafiarejla lsrSug

n,mdk tlsfklg fjkia fya;= idOl lsysmhla

;snsh yelsh’ .sKquz lghq;, n,m;% ksl=;=j,

noaOjSuz yd w;am;a lr .ekSu, nqoaOsuh foam,

j;aluz us, oS .ekSu fyda mjrd .ekSu fyda uQ,H

iyk ,enSu hk lreKq fï w;r fjzX fmagkagz

;lafiare lsrSfuz tla l%ufjsohla fkdue;s w;r

my; oelafjk l%u fndfyda jsg Ndjs;d lrhsX

wdodhuz l%uh( fuu l%uh fmagkagz ;lafiare

lsrSu i|yd nyq,j Ndjs;d fjzX fmagkagz

ysuslfï uq¿ wdhqI ld,h ;=, tys ysuslreg

,efnk wdodhu Wml,amkh fldg fuu l%uh

ilid we;X

jshouz l%uh( wNHhka;rj fyda ndysrj ta yd

iudku ksIamdokhla lsrSug jehjk jshou

u; mokuz jS fuu l%uh ilia flfrA'

fj<| m< l%uh( fj<| m< l%uh ;=< l< yels

;==,kd;aul wf,ú .kqfokq j, jákdlu u;

fuu l%uh ilia flfrA'

jsl,am u; mokuz jq l%uh( jsl,am us< kshu

lsrSug fuu l%uh fhdod .efkaX

fmagkagz kshudldrfhka w.h lsrSug Ndckh

l, fkdyels wiSre wjia:d we;X fmagkagz

ysusluzj, we;s jdisodhl ;;ajhka yd wod,

NdKavhg wdfoaYk mej;Su wdos fy;+ka óg

wod, fõX uskquz lsrSug fkdyels idOl fjz’

Tnf.a ;rÕlrejdf.a fmagkagz iuznkaOj TnWkka\qjla olajkafka kuz Tng th Ndjs;hgwjir .; yelso@Tnf.a jHdmdrsl ;rÕlreg wh;a ;dÌKh"

Tnf.a ksIamdokh fyda ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh i|yd

Ndjs;d lsrSug wjir ,nd .ekSu ieu jsgu myiq

ldrAHhla fkdfjzX flfia jqj;a Tnf.a jHdmdrsl

;rÕlreo Tn i;= fmagkagz iuznkaOj Wkka\qjla

olajhs kuz yqjudre n,m;% l%uh fuysoS fhdod

.; yelshsX fmagkagz ksIamdok ysuslrf.k we;s

jsjsO kj ksIamdok lr we;s ;rÕlrejka

fofokl= fyda jevs m%udKhla isgsk

lrAudka;hkays yqjudre n,m;% l%uh m%p,s;

l%uhlsX fuysos yeu jsgu huz iud.ula ;u

;rÕlref.a fmagkagz whs;sh Ndjs;hg ;udg we;s

whs;sh ;yjqre lrk mrsosu ;udf.a fmagkagz

Ndjs;hg ;u jHdmdrsl ;rÕlreg o wjia:dj

,nd foaX

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msrslaiquz ,ehsia;= idrdxYhjdKscHhlrKh( fmagkagz .; ksIamdokh

fj<|m,g yªkajd oSug jsjsO jsl,am udrA.

.ek ie,ls,su;a jkakX NdKavh fj<|m,g

yªkajdoSug wjYH kuz idrA:l jHdmdrsl

ie,iaula o we;slr .; hq;= fjzX

n,m;% l%uh( fuysos ysusldrNd.h yd

n,m;% .sjsiquzj, fjk;a jeo.;a wxY ms<sn|Z

wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= jk w;r .sjsiquz

ieliSug yd .kqfokq idlpzPd lsrSug

jsfYaI{hl=f.a iyh ,nd .ekSu jvd;a

fhda.Hh fjzX

wkkH yd wkkH fkdjk n,m;%( wkkH yd

wkkH fkdjk n,m;% m%odkh i|yd fya;= jk

idOl ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a jkakX jsfYaIfhkau

Tnf.a NdKavfha ;dÌKh yd Tnf.a

jHdmdrfha jHdmdrsl Wmdh udrA. fuysos

jeo.;a fjzX

yqjudre n,m;%( fuysos Tnf.a fmagkagz

Ndjs;d lruska wka mdrAYjhl fmagkagz.;

;dÌKhka Ndjs;hg Tng yelshdj we;so

hkak ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq flfrA’

39

5 fmagkagz whs;sh n,d;aul lsrSu

Tn fmagkagz whs;ska n,d;aul l, hq;af;awehs@kj NdKavhla fj<|m,g yªkajdoSfuka miqj th

fj<|mf,a idrA:l f,i wf,js jqjdhehs is;uqX

tjka wjia:djlsos ;rÕlrejkao b;d blaukska

fyda miqj tu NdKavhu fyda ta yd iudk wx.

j,ska hq;= NdKavhla fj<|m<g yªkajd oSuo

is\qlrhsX we;euz jsgos ;rÕlrejka fj<|m,g

msjsisfuz yelshdj, wvq us<g wuqøjH .ekSfuz

yelshdj, wdrA:Sluh yelshdj w;ska uq,a

wdh;khg jvd jdisodhl ;;ajhl isáh yelshsX

ta wkqj Tyqg ta yd iudk ;rÕldrS NdKavhla

fj<|m,g yªkajdoSu jvd;a myiqh fjsX fuu

;;ajh uq,a wdh;kh u; oevs mSvkhla we;s lrk

w;r jsfYaIfhkau kj ksmehqu ioZyd fyda

oshqKql, NdKavh i|yd mrAfhaIK yd ixjrAOk

wdfhdackhla lr we;s jsgos fuh jvd;a W.%

;;ajhla fmkajhsX

uq,a ysuslreg fmagkagz u.ska ,eî we;s wkkHjq

whs;sh u.ska" fjk;a jHdmdrsl ;rÕlrefjl=

jsiska fmagkagz.; NdKavh ksIamdok fyda

ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh Ndjs;d lsrSfuka wdrÌd lsrSu

fyda je,elajSu i|yd whs;sh ,efnhsX fujeks

W,a,x>Khla is\qlr we;s njg fok ,o ysusluz

hgf;a idOkh lr fmkajsh hq;=fjzX tfiau

fmagkagz .; ksIamdokh wkjirfhka Ndjs;d

lsrSu ksid uq,a ysuslreg fj<| jdish, fj<|m,

fldgi yd ,dN mj;ajd .ekSug Tng fkdyels jq

jsg fmagkagz n,d;aul lsrSug yelshdj we;X

fmagkagz whs;sh n,d;aul lsrSfuz whs;shwe;af;a ldgo@fmagkagz ysuslre jsiska fmagkagz W,a,x>Kh lsrSu

iuznkaOj wjOdkfhka isgSu iy thg jsreoaOj

mshjr .ekSu l, hq;=hsX tfiau fmagkagz ysuslre

jsiska ;u ksuejqu fj<|m, ;=,oS Ndjs;d jk

wdldrh” huz fmagkagz W,a,x>Khla is\qfjzo hkak

fukau tfia jkafka kuz thg ljr wdldrfhka"

floskl mshjr .kakjdo hk ;SrK .ek j.lsh

hq;= fjzX jHdmdrslhska fuu j.lSu ^fyda tys

fldgila& wkkHjq n,m;%,dNshl= fj; mejrSug

we;euz jsg ;SrKh lrkq we;X

foaYSh fyda jsfoaYSh fj<|m, ;=,os l=uk fyda

wdldrhl whs;sjdislï W,a,x>Kh lsrSulg

tfrysj fmagkagz n,d;aul lsrSug mshjr .ekSug

fmr fmagkagz kS;s{jrfhl=f.a iyh ,nd .ekSu

jvd;a iq\qiqfjzX fuz iuznkaOj we;s jshouz yd

wjodku yd iq\qiqu Wmdh udrA.h ms<sn|j

fmagkagz kS;s{jrhd jsiska Tng Wmfoia ,nd fokq

we;X

Tnf.a wkque;shlska f;drj" Tnf.a fmagkagzfjk;a mdrAYjhla jsiska Ndjs;d lrhs kuz Tnl, hq;af;a l=ulao@ Tnf.a wkque;sfhka f;drj" Tnf.a fmagkagz fjk;a

mdrAYjhla jsiska W,a,x>Kh lrk nj Tn

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