Introduction to Emergency Care

7/30/2019 Introduction to Emergency Care

1/42

Introduction to

Emergency Careand Emergency

Medical Services

Systems

SEC Reg. No. CN200716458

F.C. Cruz St. Pateros Metro Manila, Philippines, 1612


2/42

Topic Outline

Definition of Emergency Care

The Emergency Medical Services System

Phases of Emergency Medical ServicesResponse

The Star of Life & its Meaning

Pre-Hospital Care Professionals Medical Oversight


3/42

Topic Outline

Levels of Emergency Care

EMR/EMT Characteristics

EMR/EMT Basic Skill Sets EMR/EMT Responsibilities

EMR/EMT Well Being

EMR/EMT Safety Protocols


4/42


Senate Bill No. 3458 The Emergency Medical Service

(EMS) System Act Chapter 1, Section 4, Para A-I

defines Emergency Care as Independent delivery of pre-

hospital emergency medical services by appropriately

trained and certified Emergency Medical Technicians("EMTs"), usually in a mobile or community setting, in full

accordance with National Pre-Hospital Emergency

Medical Treatment Protocols established by the Council

in coordination with physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals.


5/42


The bill further defines Emergency Care

as Pre-Hospital Emergency Care which

must be given in accordance with the

fundamental values of First Aid which is toPreserve Life, Prevent Further Injury, and

Promote Recovery"


6/42

The Emergency Medical

Services System A network of resources that provides Emergency

care and transportation to victims of sudden

illness or injury

An EMS System may be local, regional, national The network of resources includes emergency

medical personnel, equipment and supplies. To

be efficient and effective these resources must

function in a coordinated manner


7/42

Phases of Emergency Medical

Services Response

There are six distinct phases of an EMS response:

detection,

reporting,

response,

on scene care,

care in transit

transfer to definitive care.

These phases are considered critical to producing a goodoutcome for the patient and is represented by THE STAR

OF LIFE


8/42

The Star of LifeDETECTION

REPORTING

RESPONSE

ON SCENE

CARE

CARE IN

TRANSIT

TRANSFER

TO

DEFINITIVE

CARE


9/42

Meaning of the Six Bars of the

Star of Life Detection: Citizens must first recognize

that an emergency exists and must know

how to contact the EMS system in their

community. This can be by severaldifferent methods such as dialing an

Emergency Number using a seven digit

local emergency number, or usingamateur radios, or emergency call boxes.


10/42


Star of Life Reporting: Callers are asked specific information

so that the proper resources can respond. In an

ideal system, certified Emergency Medical

Dispatchers (EMDs) ask a pre-defined set ofquestions and also give appropriate pre-arrival

instructions (such as CPR). In this phase,

dispatchers also become a link between the

scene and the responding units and can provideadditional information as it becomes available.


11/42


Star of Life Response: This is the response of the EMS

resources to the scene. This may be a tiered

response with First Responders and EMTs

responding initially and backed up byparamedics shortly thereafter. It may mean that

a fire engine and crew are also dispatched to

help with lifting and moving the patient or

Rescue for getting them out of a smashedautomobile.


12/42


Star of Life On Scene Care: The emergency medical service

provides appropriate and timely interventions to

treat the patient at the scene of the incident

Today, in certain instances such as cardiacarrest, or when a patient is not seriously ill or

injured, not all patients are transported from the

scene to a hospital.


13/42


Star of LifeCare in transit - The emergency medical

service load the patient in to suitable

transport and continue to provide

appropriate medical care throughout thejourney


14/42


Star of LifeTransfer to definitive care - The patient is

handed over to an appropriate care setting,

such as the emergency department at a

hospital, in to the care of physicians


15/42

The EMT Recruit


16/42

Pre-hospital Care Professionals

SB 3458 - further identifies and defines the

following personnel as Pre-Hospital Care

Professionals

Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT)Ambulance Assistants

Emergency Medical Services Medical Director

Other pre-hospital care professionals providingother support services for the provision of pre-

hospital emergency care.


17/42


Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) - A

person who has fulfilled the requirements and

continues to hold the qualifications established

by the Council in coordination with physicians,nurses, and other health care professionals, the

Technical Education and Skills Development

Authority ("TESDA"), the Commission on Higher

Education ("CHED") and the ProfessionalRegulation Commission ("PRC"), among others.


18/42


Ambulance Assistants - Personnel charged withthe operation of emergency medical vehicles.

Emergency Medical Services Medical Director A

licensed physician approved by the Departmentof Health (DOH) or local medical authority

charged with the supervision of emergency

medical services and the implementation of

approved emergency medical treatmentprotocols set by the Council to govern the

practice of EMTs.


19/42

Medical Oversight

MEDICAL OVERSIGHT will be provided by a MEDICAL

DIRECTOR who is a licensed physician with training in

Emergency Medicine who has at least five (5) years of

experience in emergency medical care and approved by

the Council or local medical authority charged with thesupervision of emergency medical services and the

implementation of approved emergency medical treatment

protocols set by the Council to govern the practice of

EMTs.


20/42

Medical Oversight

Includes medical director

Direct medical control

Indirect medical controls Protocols

Standing orders


21/42

Levels of Emergency Care

The level of Emergency Care that can be provided is based

on the skills and competency of the Emergency Provider

i.e.

Emergency Medical Responders & Emergency Medical

Technicians Basic (EMT-B) provide BASIC LIFE

SUPPORT (BLS)

Advanced Emergency Medical Technicians (AEMT) and

Emergency Medical Technician-Paramedic (EMT-P)

provide ADVANCED L IFE SUPPORT (ALS)


22/42

Other EMT Certifications

Advanced EMT Critical Care (AEMT-CC)

Wilderness EMT (EMT-W or WEMT)

Tactical EMT (EMT-T) Emergency Medical Dispatcher (EMD)

EMT-Paramedic (EMT-P)

Critical Care Paramedic-Certified (CCP-P) Flight Paramedic-Certified (FP-C)


23/42

EMR/EMT Characteristics

Maintains caring and professional attitude

Controls fears

Presents professional appearance Maintains skills and knowledge

Stays healthy

Recognizes and keeps victims needs aspriority


24/42

EMR/EMT Basic Skill Sets

Spinal injury management, including immobilization andsafe transport

Fracture management, including assessment, splinting,

and use of traction splints where appropriate

Obstetrics, including assessment, assisting with

uncomplicated childbirth, and recognition of and

procedures for obstetrical emergencies such as breechpresentation, cord presentation, and placental abruption


25/42


Management of burns, including classification, estimateof surface area, recognition of more serious burns, and

treatment

Advanced airway management techniques includingsurgical airways.

Triage of patients in a mass casualty incident

Assessment and evaluation of general incident scene

safety


26/42


Effective verbal and written reporting skills(communication/documentation)

Routine medical equipment maintenanceprocedures

Routine radio operating procedures

Emergency vehicle operation


27/42

Primary Responsibilities of

EMR/EMT

Ensure safety of self and others

Gain access to victims

Identify life-threatening conditions Summon more advanced medical

personnel when necessary

Provide care Assist more advanced medical personnel


28/42

Secondary Responsibilities of

EMR/EMT

Summon additional help

Control and direct bystanders

Keep records Reassure others at scene


29/42

EMR/EMT Well Being

Warning Signs of Stress

Irritability

Inability to concentrate Difficulty sleeping/nightmares

Anxiety

Guilt Loss of interest in work


30/42

EMR/EMT Well Being

Critical Incident Stress

Strong emotional reaction that interferes

with ability to function

Can build-up over days, weeks, months, or

years

May require counseling


31/42

EMR/EMT Personal Safety

Protocols

Evaluating potential dangers

Wearing proper gear

Doing what you are trained to do Summoning additional resources


32/42

Possible Dangers at an Emergency

Scene

Crime

Traffic

Fire

Electricity

Water/ice

Hazardous material

Unstable structures/vehicles

Natural disasters

Multiple victims

Hostile situations


33/42

Conditions Necessary for Disease

Transmission

Pathogen present

Sufficient quantity of pathogen to cause

disease

Person vulnerable to the disease

Transmission at correct entry site


34/42

How Pathogens Enter the Body

Direct Contact

Indirect Contact

Airborne Vector-borne


35/42

Classification of Communicable

Diseases Airborne

Bloodborne

Foodborne Sexually Transmitted


36/42

Top Communicable Diseases in

the Philippines Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

(Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Bronchitis)

Diarrhea

Influenza

Chickenpox

Measles HIV


37/42

Universal Precautions (Body

Substance Isolation) to Prevent

Disease Transmission Personal Protective equipment (PPE)

Personal Hygiene Practice

Engineering Controls

Work Practice Controls


38/42

Personal Protective Equipment

Gloves

Goggles

Face shield Facemask

HAZMAT Suit


39/42

Personal Hygiene Practices

Hand Washing

Cleaning and Disinfection of Personal

Equipment


40/42

Engineering Controls

Mechanical Sterilizers (Autoclaves)

Area Quarantines

Infectious Materials Disposal


41/42

Work Practice Controls

EMS Protocols

Medical Supplies and Equipment Controls


42/42

Thank You

Questions?

Documents

Introduction to Emergency Care