Introduction to Emergency Care

Theoretical Session

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this session, each student should be able to:Define first aid. Identify principal aims of first aid care.Recognize responsibilities of first aiders.Prioritize first aid among causalities.Categorize types of emergency care.

WHAT IS FIRST AID?

o Temporary and immediate care ( مؤقتة رعاية given to a person who is injured or (ومباشرةwho suddenly becomes ill.

o First aid care DOES NOT replace physicians, nurses, or paramedics.

o ) األطباء ) عن D بديًال وليست Oغني ُت ال األولية الصحية الرعاية. والصحيين الطبيين والمساعدين والممرضين

PRINCIPAL AIMS OF FIRST AID CAREاألولي اإلسعاف رعاية لتقديم األساسية األهداف

o Recognize life-threatening situations..) رعاية ) بدون ُتركت حال في الحياة ُتهدد التي اإلصابات معرفة

o Activate the EMS (Emergency Medical System). In Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, call 997.

.) الرقم ) طلب عبر السعودية في اإلسعاف الطوارئ مع التواصل997.

o Supply ( /sأعِط نفس/ ) artificial ventilation (زوvد ُتهويةand/or circulation (صناعي

أسلوب) باستخدام القلب عضلة بتدليك للدم صناعي جريان). الصدر على الضغِط

PRINCIPAL AIMS OF FIRST AID CARE (CONTINUED)

o Minimize further injury and complications :For example .(مضاعفات)o Control bleeding. o Provide special wound care to prevent

infection.o Stabilize spinal injuries.o Splint fractures ( للكسور جبائر .(وضع

o Make the victim ( الضحية/ as comfortable (المصابas possible.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF FIRST AIDERSاألولي اإلسعاف مقدمي مسؤوليات

o To assess the situation quickly and safely and call for appropriate help.

o To protect casualties (مصابين) and others (bystanders اإلصابة منطقة في from (المتواجدينpossible dangers. o Remember to keep yourself (at the scene)

safe.

o To give each casualty early and appropriate treatment.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF FIRST AIDERS(CONTINUED)

o To arrange for the casualty’s removal to hospital or into the care of a medical team.

o To remain with a casualty until appropriate care is available.

SAFETY AT THE SCENE

One of your aims is to preserve ( على ,life (الحفاظand not endanger ( للخطر your own in the (ُتعرضprocess of rendering (ُتقديم) first aid.

oStaying safe ( D آمنا .is your first priority (البقاءoDon’t enter an unsafe situation without proper training and equipment.

oIn addition to activating EMS, you may need to request specialized personnel if needed for some situations such as fire, motor vehicle accidents ( النقل وسائل و السيارات and electrical ,(حوادثhazards.

PROTECTION FROM INFECTION

o Wash hands thoroughly after providing care.o Avoid touching your mouth, nose, eyes, or

personal items until after hand washing.o If applicable, cover any of your bodily

abrasions ( كشطات و with protective (سحجاتclothing or gloves.

o Wear a mask, if available.o Seek immediate care if you’re exposed to

blood or body fluids.

PRIORITIES OF CAUSALITIESالمصابين بين فيما الرعاية ُتقديم أولويات

o Save the conscious casualties before the unconscious ones.

. المدركين وغير الوعي فاقدي قبل والمدركين الواعين المصابين أنقذ Conscious casualties have a higher chance of

recovery ( العافية .(استرداد

o Provide care to those most seriously injured first.o Casualties should always be treated in the order

of priority, usually given by the “3 Bs”:o Breathing o Bleedingo Bones

TYPES OF EMERGENCY CARE

1. PRE-HOSPITAL CARE1. للمستشفى. الوصول قبل المقدمة الرعاية

o The time from injury to definitive care is a determinant of survival, particularly those with major internal hemorrhage.

في ُتؤثر الرعاية ُتقديم بدء وحتى اإلصابة وقت من الفترةإصابات في خاصة الحياة، قيد على المصاب بقاء امكانية

. الكبيرة الداخلي النزيف

2. HOSPITAL CARE2. المستشفى. داخل المقدمة الرعاية

o The care is taking place in emergency rooms (ERs) and wards/units.

TYPES OF LIFE SUPPORT

1. Basic Life Support (BLS)2. Advanced Life Support (ALS)

The BLS providers cannot use needles (إبر) or other devices that make cuts in the skin. The BLS providers cannot administer medicines or intravenous fluids. The BLS providers do not use airway equipment, cardiac monitors ( كالنبض القلب نشاطات لبعض مراقبة and (شاشاتglucose testing device.

Examples of BLS: o Splintingo Pressing woundso Basic life support interventions (to be

learned in the near future)

Examples of ALS: o Intravenous lines. o Needle thoracotomy ( صدري to relieve (شق

tension pneumothorax ( الضاغِط الهواء اكتنازالصدر .(داخل

o Endotracheal intubation ( رغامي .(ُتنبيب