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Introduction to Design I Presented by:
Dr. Carla Zoltowski
Returning Students Should be in ARMS 1109
EPICS – Spring 2014
Lecture: Introduction to Design I
General Info
Weekly email
“Intro lecture series” = 5 lectures
o This is 2nd
Lecture slides posted online
Questions/concerns?
2
Learning Objectives
At the end of this class period, you will be able to:
1. Explain how design engages different kinds of thinking and
why it is challenging
2. Have an overall understanding of design processes
3. Identify where your project is in the design process
4. Describe differences between design and project
management
Lecture: Introduction to Design I Presented By: Dr. Carla Zoltowski
Human-Centered Design
Human-Centered Design as a Process
Human-Centered Design as a Mindset
http://www.mos.org/eie/engineering_design.php
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil-and-environmental-engineering/1-012-
introduction-to-civil-engineering-design-spring-2002/projects/design_process/
EPICS Design Process
People &
Prototypes
EPICS website -> Current Students -> Design Process.pdf
Project Identification Phase
Project Identification Phase: Goal is to identify a specific, compelling need to be
addressed
Co
mm
on
tas
ks
Conduct needs assessment (if need not already defined)
Identify stakeholders (customer, users, person maintaining project, etc.)
Define basic stakeholder requirements (objectives or goals of projects and
constraints)
Determine time constraints of the project
Gate 1: Continue if have identified appropriate EPICS project that meets a
compelling need
Specification Development Phase
Specification Development Phase: Goal is to understand “what” is needed by
understanding the context, stakeholders, requirements of the project, and why
current solutions don’t meet need, and to develop measurable criteria in which
design concepts can be evaluated.
Understand and describe context (current situation and environment)
Create stakeholder profiles
Create mock-ups and simple prototypes: quick, low-cost, multiple cycles
incorporating feedback
Develop a task analysis and define how users will interact with project (user
scenarios)
Compare to benchmark products (prior art)
Develop customer specifications and evaluation criteria; get project partner
approval
Gate 2: Continue if project partner and advisor agree that have identified the
“right” need, and if no existing commercial products meet design specifications.
Conceptual Design Phase
Conceptual Design Phase: Goal is to expand the design space to include as many
solutions as possible. Evaluate different approaches and selecting “best” one to
move forward. Exploring “how”.
Conduct Functional Decomposition
Brainstorm several possible solutions
Create prototypes of multiple concepts, get feedback from users, refine
specifications
Evaluate feasibility of potential solutions (proof-of-concept prototypes); select
one to move forward
Gate 3: Continue if project partner and advisor agree that solution space has
been appropriately explored and the best solution has been chosen.
Detailed Design Phase
Detailed Design Phase: Goal is to design working prototype which meets
functional specifications.
Co
mm
on
tas
ks
Design/analysis/evaluation of project, sub-modules and/or components
(freeze interfaces)
Complete DFMEA analysis of project
Prototyping of project, sub-modules and/or components
Field test prototype/usability testing
Gate 4: Continue if can demonstrate feasibility of solution (is there a working
prototype?). Project Partner and advisor approval required.
Delivery Phase
Delivery Phase Tasks: Goal is to refine detailed design so as to produce a product
that is ready to be delivered! In addition, the goal is to develop user manuals and
training materials.
Common tasks: Complete user manuals/training material
Complete usability and reliability testing
Complete delivery review
Gate 5: Continue if Project Partner, Advisor and EPICS Admin agree that project
is ready for delivery!
Service/Maintenance Phase
Service/Maintenance Phase Tasks
Common tasks: Evaluate performance of fielded project
Determine what resources are necessary to support and maintain
the project
Gate 6: Project Partner and Advisor approve continued fielding of project. If not,
retire or redesign.
Retirement or Redesign Phase
Retirement or Redesign
Why is design difficult?
Engages different types of thinking
o Design is one of the most cognitively complex forms of “problem solving”
Requires designers to manage so many ideas and aspects
Addresses different types of problems
o Ill-defined
o Complex (number of requirements and constraints)
Human-centered Design: Basic Principles
Early focus on users
Designing for and with users
Empirical measurement and evaluation
Iteration
Tools to help with HCD
Tools for Interviews and Observations
o Sharepoint->Shared Documents-> Project Partner meeting planning document
IDEO website: Human-Centered Design Toolkit (http://www.ideo.com/work/human-centered-design-toolkit/)
Stanford d-school website: http://dschool.stanford.edu/use-our-
methods/
Seeking and Selecting
Divergence Convergence Expand possibilities Narrow Focus
Name the
problem
Lecture: Introduction to Design I Presented By: Dr. Carla Zoltowski
Iterative within Process
D.Mindsets
http://dschool.stanford.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2011/03/BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM.pdf
D.Mindsets
http://dschool.stanford.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2011/03/BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM.pdf
D.Mindsets
http://dschool.stanford.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2011/03/BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM.pdf
Big Ideas of Design Human-centered
o Who are you involving and how are you involving them?
o From whose perspective are you designing from?
Iterative Process
o Cycles of divergent-convergent thinking
o Different goals throughout process phases
Decision-making
o Balancing a great deal of information
o Tools to help manage
o Based on theoretical and empirical data
Importance of prototyping
o To communicate ideas and facilitate feedback
o Demonstrate feasibility
How do you know how much time you can and should spend in each phase?
Why Project Mgmt
At this point in the semester, you are developing semester plans and individual goals
Success (team and individual) depends on managing the plan
Project management is one of the key skills that cuts across disciplines and valuable to all professionals
o Used “all the time” by alumni
Project Mgmt Tools
Within the Design Document, the Semester Plan and Timeline (and at the end, Transition report) are TOOLS
Use the tools to:
o Plan the semester
o Track progress
o Manage scope
o Document changes
o Document successes
o Leave lessons learned
Gantt Chart
Project Tasks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Bring new team members up to speed on MagRacer (all)
Solve FET prolem in demo track (Brad/Julie)
Concept of MagRacer2 cabinet (Syed/Erin)
Meet with IS people/ visit IS (all)
Finalize track/coil assembly (Syed/Julie)
AutoCAD drawings of MagRacer2 cabinet (Erin/Brad)
Finalize display concept (Julie)
Deliver working test track (Syed/Julie)
Week 4 Demo (all)
Milestone: Submit MR2 drawings to WP (Erin/Brad)
Complete PCB layout (Syed/Julie)
Milestone: Submit PCB layout for fabrication (Syed/Julie)
Final order of all circuit material (Syed/Julie)
Construct coils (Julie/Syed)
Construct track mounting hardware (Erin/Brad)
Construction of visual display (Julie)
Week 8 Progress Report (Brad)
Exected delivery of MG2 cabinet from WP (4wk) (WP - Erin)
Expected delivery of PCBs (3wk) (Syed)
Spring Break (all)
Final assembly of MagRacer2 (all)
Week 11 Design Review (all)
Milestone: Delivery of completed MagRacer2 (all)
Troubleshoot MagRacer2 (Syed/Julie)
Prep documentation for MagRacer2 (Brad/Erin)
Week 16 End of Semester reports due (Brad)
MagRacer 2.0 Timeline (weeks)
Do you see a tension between design process and project management?
o Has motivated the creation of the “Project Manager” role
Ingredients of successful schedules*
Be optimistic in vision and sceptical in the schedule.
Invest in good design practice to avoid unexpected challenges.
Plan for checkpoints with project partners and advisors.
Continue to refine schedule as more information is known.
Address unknowns as early in the process as possible.
*Based on Making Things Happen by Scott Berkun
Week 2 Homework
Due: Monday, February 3rd (Week 4) in notebook; bring to lecture
1. Read “EPICS Design Process” document if you haven’t already
2. Consider your project as related to the design process : a. Where in the design process (what phase) is your project and how do you
know?
b. What are your project goals for the semester? What design tasks are planned to meet those goals?
c. How well do your project goals and tasks align with the phase of the design process?
d. When was/is your project promised? How does your current semester plan align with the overall project timeline?
3. What are ways you can incorporate one or more of the “Mindsets” within your design approach?
4. How do you plan to keep stakeholders at the center of the design?
Attendance Form
o Fill in name and 10-digit PU ID
o “T” for Question 1
o Sign
o It takes approximately two weeks from the date of the lecture to update myEPICS with your attendance.
Hand individually to TA or me
