Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input), process data arithmetically and logically, produce output from the processing, and store the results for future use.”

Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

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IntroductionComputer System

“An electronic device, operating

under the control of instructions

stored in its own memory unit, that

can accept data (input), process data

arithmetically and logically, produce

output from the processing, and store

the results for future use.”

Page 2: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Computer Architecture

“The structure of a computer that a machine language programmer must understand to write a correct (time independent) program for that machine.”

Page 3: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Architecture & Organization 1

• Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer—Instruction set, number of bits used for data

representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques.

—e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?

• Organization is how features are implemented—Control signals, interfaces, memory

technology.—e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it

done by repeated addition?

Page 4: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Architecture & Organization 2

• All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture

• The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture

• This gives code compatibility—At least backwards

• Organization differs between different versions

Page 5: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Structure & Function

• Structure is the way in which components relate to each other

• Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure

Page 6: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Function

• All computer functions are:—Data processing—Data storage—Data movement—Control

Page 7: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

General Purpose Computer

Page 8: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Functional View

Page 9: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Operations (a) Data movement

Page 10: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Operations (b) Storage

Page 11: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Operation (c) Processing from/to storage

Page 12: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Operation (d)Processing from storage to I/O

Structure - Top Level

Computer

Main Memory

InputOutput

SystemsInterconnection

Peripherals

Communicationlines

CentralProcessing Unit

Computer

Structure - The CPU

Computer Arithmeticand Login Unit

ControlUnit

Internal CPUInterconnection

Registers

CPU

I/O

Memory

SystemBus

CPU

Page 15: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Structure - The Control Unit

CPU

ControlMemory

Control Unit Registers and Decoders

SequencingLogin

ControlUnit

ALU

Registers

InternalBus

Control Unit

Page 16: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Outline of the Course

• Computer Evolution and Performance• Computer Interconnection Structures• Internal Memory• External Memory• Input/Output• Operating Systems Support• Computer Arithmetic• Instruction Sets

Page 17: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Outline of the Course(2)

• CPU Structure and Function• Reduced Instruction Set Computers• Superscalar Processors• Control Unit Operation• Microprogrammed Control• Multiprocessors and Vector Processing• Digital Logic (Appendix)

Page 18: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Internet Resources- Web site for book

• http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA7e.html—links to sites of interest—links to sites for courses that use the book—errata list for book—information on other books by W. Stallings

• http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html—Math—How-to—Research resources—Misc

http://williamstallings.com/StudentSupport.html

Page 19: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Internet Resources- Web sites to look for

• WWW Computer Architecture Home Page• CPU Info Center• Processor Emporium• ACM Special Interest Group on Computer

Architecture• IEEE Technical Committee on Computer

Architecture• Intel Technology Journal• Manufacturer’s sites

—Intel, IBM, etc.

Page 20: Introduction Computer System “An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input),

Internet Resources - Usenet News Groups

• comp.arch• comp.arch.arithmetic• comp.arch.storage• comp.parallel

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