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CE 241 CE 241 Advanced Concrete Technology Advanced Concrete Technology Technology Technology

Introduction

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Page 1: Introduction

CE 241CE 241Advanced Concrete TechnologyAdvanced Concrete TechnologyTechnologyTechnology

Page 2: Introduction

CE 241 Advanced Concrete TechnologyCE 241 Advanced Concrete TechnologyAdvanced Concrete TechnologyAdvanced Concrete Technology

Instructor: Paulo J.M. Monteiro725 Davis Hall

Office hours: Monday 1-2 am, Tu Th 10-11 pm at 725 Davis Hall

Email: [email protected]

Grade: 10% HW + 20 % paper + 5% Presentation + 20% Midterm + 45% Final

Page 3: Introduction

Why a concrete technology?

Why a concrete technology?course?course?

Paradigm change: More money is being spent in repairing structuresth i t tthan in new structures.

50% of 500,000 bridges in distress ~ 200 billion to repairp

204 dams with AAR0 da s t

Page 4: Introduction

Need for materialsNeed for materialsNeed for materialsNeed for materials

New materials that you shouldspecify: green concrete type ofspecify: green concrete, type ofcement, recycled aggregates, high-strength concrete low heatstrength concrete, low-heatgeneration concrete

Page 5: Introduction

New criteriaNew criteriaNew criteriaNew criteria

Low-shrinkageCrack FreeCrack FreeMaximum temperature riseArchitectural concreteEnvironmental ImpactEnvironmental Impact

Page 6: Introduction

TWO MAJOR CHALLENGESTWO MAJOR CHALLENGES

Challenge I: Environmental Impact

World demand/year•11 5 billion ton of concrete•11.5 billion ton of concrete•1.5 billion ton of cement•1 billion ton of water9 billion ton of aggregate•9 billion ton of aggregate

Page 7: Introduction

Consequences (1)Consequences (1)Consequences (1)Consequences (1)

1 5 billion ton of cement P bl !

G t 1 5 billi

1.5 billion ton of cement Problem!

Generates 1.5 billion ton of CO2

Responsible for 5 7%Responsible for 5-7% CO2 production in the worldthe world

Page 8: Introduction

Business as usual is t ti !

Business as usual is t ti !not an option!not an option!

Page 9: Introduction

Consequences (2)Consequences (2)Consequences (2)Consequences (2)

1 billion ton of water1 billion ton of water110,000 times the amount of water in

the SF Baythe SF Bay

Page 10: Introduction

Consequences (3)Consequences (3)Consequences (3)Consequences (3)

9 billion ton/y of aggregate

Depletion of pnatural

resources

Page 11: Introduction

ChallengesChallengesChallengesChallenges

Challenge II: Long-term durabilityCivil Infrastructure quicklyCivil Infrastructure quickly

deteriorating

March 17, ,2008,I-95 in

Philadelphia

Page 12: Introduction

Major deteriorationMajor deteriorationMajor deteriorationMajor deterioration

Corrosion of reinforced concreteSulfate attackSulfate attackAlkali silica reactionHot and cold weather

Page 13: Introduction

ConsequencesConsequencesConsequencesConsequences

Of the 597,340 bridges in this t 73 784 b tcountry, 73,784, or about

12.4 percent, are structurally pe ce t, a e st uctu a ydeficient.

Page 14: Introduction

ExamplesExamplesExamplesExamples

Itaipu DamNervi StructuresNervi StructuresPetronas Tower

Page 15: Introduction

Itaipu DamItaipu Dam

Page 16: Introduction

To reduce the amount of concrete in the dam, the center of the blockthe center of the block

is hollow

Page 17: Introduction

The spillway, with a length of 483 m, was

designed for adesigned for a maximum discharge

capacity of 62,220

m3/s.

Page 18: Introduction

Rome Sports Palace in RRome Sports Palace in RRome Rome

Nervi was a pioneer of “ferro-cemento” or reinforced

mortar, where thin metallic meshes are embedded in a mortar to form structuralmortar to form structural

elements with high ductility and crack-resistance

Page 19: Introduction

High Strength Concrete

Page 20: Introduction

Jan 1994Jan 1994Jan 1994Jan 1994

(photograph courtesy from Leornardo Garzon)

Page 21: Introduction

April 1994April 1994April 1994April 1994

(photograph courtesy from Leornardo Garzon)

Page 22: Introduction

August 1994August 1994August 1994August 1994

(photograph courtesy from Leornardo Garzon)

Page 23: Introduction

September 1994September 1994September 1994September 1994

Page 24: Introduction

October 1994October 1994October 1994October 1994

Page 25: Introduction

November 1994November 1994November 1994November 1994

(photograph courtesy from Leornardo Garzon)

Page 26: Introduction

December 1994December 1994December 1994December 1994

(photograph courtesy from Leornardo Garzon)

Page 27: Introduction

February1995February199519951995

(photograph courtesy from Leornardo Garzon)

Page 28: Introduction

May199May19919951995

(photograph courtesy from Leornardo Garzon)

Page 29: Introduction

SeptemberSeptember19951995

(photograph courtesy from Leornardo Garzon)

Page 30: Introduction

FebruaryFebruary19961996

(photograph courtesy from Leornardo Garzon)

Page 31: Introduction

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

A semester in one hour -- relax and enjoyenjoy…

Pre-requisites: none (the course will be self-contained))

T b k M h & M i ( hi dTextbook: Mehta & Monteiro (third edition)

Page 32: Introduction

Structure and properties of hydrated cement pasteStructure and properties of hydrated cement pasteof hydrated cement pasteof hydrated cement paste

Obj tiObjectives:Learn how the microstructure controls the

ti f tproperties of concrete.Identify the main crystals present in concrete

Page 33: Introduction

Transition zone in concreteTransition zone in concretein concretein concrete

Obj tiObjectives:Reinforce the concept that concrete is not a h t i lhomogeneous material. Show that the zone between the aggregate and th t t i ththe cement paste is the “weak link” of concrete affecting many of its propertiesproperties.

Page 34: Introduction

Factors influencing the Factors influencing the strengthstrength

Obj tiObjectives:Review the main parameters controlling the strength development of concrete structures.

Page 35: Introduction

Concrete strength under various stress statesConcrete strength under various stress statesvarious stress statesvarious stress states

Page 36: Introduction

Elastic behavior Elastic behavior

Page 37: Introduction

Creep and drying shrinkageCreep and drying shrinkageshrinkage shrinkage

Obj tiObjectives:To study the mechanisms of creep, modeling, and t t lstructural consequences.

Show that creep and shrinkage have the same

h imechanism.

Page 38: Introduction

Thermal stresses Thermal stresses

Obj tiObjectives:Analysis and control of thermal stresses due to the hydration of cement.Applications to dams, off-shore platforms, cathedrals, etc.

Page 39: Introduction

Permeability and d bilitPermeability and d bilitdurability durability

Page 40: Introduction

Durability to frost action and fire Durability to frost action and fire

Obj tiObjectives:Describe the mechanism of deterioration caused by ice formation in concrete.

Page 41: Introduction

Deterioration of concrete b h i l tt kDeterioration of concrete b h i l tt kby chemical attacks by chemical attacks

Objectives:Describe the damage mechanismsDescribe the damage mechanisms

caused by sulfate attack and alkali-ili tisilica reaction.

Page 42: Introduction

Deterioration from electrochemical h

Deterioration from electrochemical hphenomena phenomena

Page 43: Introduction

Concrete structures in marine environmentConcrete structures in marine environmentmarine environment marine environment

Page 44: Introduction

Concrete aggregatesConcrete aggregatesConcrete aggregates Concrete aggregates

Objectives:Discuss the importance ofDiscuss the importance of

aggregates in concrete technology.

Page 45: Introduction

Hydraulic cementsHydraulic cementsHydraulic cements Hydraulic cements

Page 46: Introduction

Chemical admixtures Chemical admixtures Objectives:Discuss the importance of chemical admixtures for the manufacture of advanced concrete

Page 47: Introduction

Mineral admixturesMineral admixturesMineral admixtures Mineral admixtures

Objectives:Discuss the advantages of usingDiscuss the advantages of using

mineral admixtures both to i th ti f timprove the properties of concrete and to reduce the pollution in the world.

Page 48: Introduction

Lightweight and h i ht tLightweight and h i ht theavyweight concrete heavyweight concrete

Page 49: Introduction

High-strength and high-High-strength and high-performance concrete performance concrete

Objectives:To introduce mix proportions toTo introduce mix proportions to

obtain high-strength concrete and t di t ti th dto discuss construction methods using HSC

Green Concrete

Page 50: Introduction

Shrinkage-compensating t

Shrinkage-compensating tconcrete concrete

Page 51: Introduction

Fiber-reinforced concreteFiber-reinforced concreteFiber reinforced concreteFiber reinforced concrete

Page 52: Introduction

Mass concreteMass concreteMass concrete Mass concrete

Objectives:Techniques to minimize the thermalTechniques to minimize the thermal

stresses in concrete.

Page 53: Introduction

Polymers in concretePolymers in concretePolymers in concrete Polymers in concrete

Objectives:To present new research usingTo present new research using

polymers in concrete to improve i tivarious properties.

Page 54: Introduction

Fracture MechanicsFracture MechanicsFracture Mechanics Fracture Mechanics

Page 55: Introduction

Non-destructive MethodsNon-destructive MethodsNon destructive Methods Non destructive Methods


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